Green Computing Seminar.pdf - 123SeminarsOnly

Green Computing
Cover Page
GREEN COMPUING
Author: Ms. Priyanka Kotwani
3 rd yr, CSE, JIET-SETG
Email id: Priyanka.kotwani21@gmail.com
Under the Supervision of
Ms. Suman Goyal
Sr. Lecturer, CSE, JIET
Email id: goyalsuman17@gmail.com
1. Introduction 3
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Green Computing
2. Why Green Computing is Needed 3
3. Core Objectives of Green Computing 4
4. Approaches to Green Computing
4.1 Virtualization 4
4.2 Power Management 5
4.3 Power Supply 5
4.4 Storage 5
4.5 Display 6
4.6 Materials Recycling 6
4.7 Telecommuting 6
5. NComputing - an architecture that changes the green equation
5.1 Consumes 90% less energy per user 7
5.2 Air conditioning—the hidden environmental cost 7
5.3 98% less e-waste in landfills 8
6. Future of Green Computing 8
7. Conclusion 8
8. Bibliography 9
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Green Computing
Abstract
As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos
and electronic items, energy issues will get a
serious ring in the coming days. If we think
computers are nonpolluting and consume very
little energy we need to think again. Green
computing is the term used to denote efficient
use of resources in computing. This term
generally relates to the use of computing
resources in conjunction with minimizing
environmental impact, maximizing economic
viability and ensuring social duties. Green
computing is very much related to other similar
movements like reducing the use of
environmentally hazardous materials like CFCs,
promoting the use of recyclable materials,
minimizing use of non-biodegradable
components, and encouraging use of sustainable
resources. This seminar report gives a general
overview on the current state of opportunities lie
in green technology and organizations which are
seeing it as a way to create new profit centers
while trying to help the environmental cause
and several formations that we can explore in it
in coming future. The plan towards green IT
should include new electronic products and
services with optimum efficiency and all
possible options towards energy savings.
1. Introduction
Green computing or green IT, refers to
environmentally sustainable computing or IT.
Dr. San Murugesan a Senior Consultant defines
the field of green computing as "the study and
practice of designing, manufacturing, using, and
disposing of computers, servers, and associated
subsystems—such as monitors, printers, storage
devices, and networking and communications
Green Computing
systems—efficiently and effectively with
minimal or no impact on the environment."
As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos
and electronic items, energy issues will get a
serious ring in the coming days, as the public
debate on carbon emissions, global warming
and climate change gets hotter. The average PC
wastes about half the energy provided to it,
according to the Climate Savers Computing
Initiative, an industry group dedicated to
reducing greenhouse-gas emissions
The goals of green computing are similar
to green chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous
materials, maximize energy efficiency during
the product's lifetime, and promote
the recyclability or biodegradability of defunct
products and factory waste. Research continues
into key areas such as making the use of
computers as energy-efficient as possible, and
designing algorithms and systems for
efficiency-related computer technologies.
2. Why Green Computing is
needed?
IT Executives are at last coming under
increasing pressure to deliver a Green IT or
Green Computing Strategy. Executive boards
are finally recognizing there can be a genuine
competitive advantage in adopting green issues
and signing up to a low carbon emissions
footprint. Having a Green IT Strategy can
directly affect the view of the organizations
customers. Customers will clearly continue to
evaluate suppliers based on product/service
offerings and their costs, however, if all else is
equal, then choosing a supplier with a low
carbon policy can be a key differentiator. Most
people do want to support green issues and
adopting suppliers with low-carbon strategies
helps buyers to feel good about their decisions.
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Green IT also brings with it direct cost benefits
for the organization, making it an easier sell to
the more sceptical boards of directors. With a
Green Computing or IT Strategy we can reduce
equipment, power, air-conditioning, and support
costs. This applies throughout the enterprise
not just in data-centers or our server rooms but
desktop computers as well.
3. Core Objectives of Green
Computing Strategies
Minimizing energy consumption
Purchasing green energy
Reducing the paper and other
consumables used
Minimizing equipment disposal
requirements
Reducing travel requirements for
employees/customers
4. Approaches to Green
Computing
4.1 Virtualization:
Green Computing
Computer virtualization is the process of
running two or more logical computer systems
on one set of physical hardware. With
virtualization, a system administrator could
combine several physical systems into virtual
machines on one single, powerful system,
thereby unplugging the original hardware and
reducing power and cooling consumption. One
of the primary goals of almost all forms of
virtualization is making the most efficient use of
available system resources.
Virtualization highlights the idea of “Green
Computing”; by consolidating servers and
maximizing CPU processing power on other
servers. Storage virtualization makes it possible
for systems to access a shared storage
subsystem. It’s clear that this approach would
reduce the number of storage devices needed,
the amount of power required, the heat produced
and, as a wonderful side effect, would reduce
the operational and administrative costs of back
up, archival storage etc.
4.2 Power Management:
Lower power consumption also means lower
heat dissipation, which increases system
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stability, and less energy use, which saves
money and reduces the impact on the
environment.
The Advanced Configuration and Power
Interface (ACPI), an open industry standard,
allows an operating system to directly control
the power saving aspects of its underlying
hardware. This allows a system to automatically
turn off components such as monitors and hard
drives after set periods of inactivity. In addition,
a system may hibernate, where most
components (including the CPU and the system
RAM) are turned off. ACPI is a successor to an
earlier Intel-Microsoft standard called Advanced
Power Management, which allows a computer's
BIOS to control power management functions.
Power management for computer systems are
desired for many reasons, particularly:
Prolong battery life for portable and
embedded systems.
Reduce
cooling requirements.
Reduce
noise.
Reduce operating costs for energy and
cooling.
4.3 Power Supply:
Power supplies in most computers (PSUs for
short) aren't designed for energy efficiency. In
fact, most computers drain more power than
they need during normal operation, leading to
higher electrical bills and a more dire
environmental impact. The 80 Plus program is a
voluntary certification system for power-supply
manufacturers. If a PSU meets the certification,
it will use only the power it needs at a given
Load i.e. it won't use more power than it needs.
Various initiatives are underway to improve the
efficiency of computer power supplies.
Green Computing
Climate savers computing initiative promotes
energy saving and reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions by encouraging development and use
of more efficient power supplies
4.4 Storage:
There are three routes available, all of which
vary in cost, performance, and Capacity.
The most conventional route is the 3.5" desktop
hard drive. For laying focus on reduced power
consumption reduced RAM low power idle
mode with fixed rotation speed have come in
scene. Its advantage is highest possible capacity
plus the best performance.
The second option is to use a 2.5" laptop hard
drive. These consume less power than larger
disks as a result of their smaller platters, smaller
motors, and firmware
The lowest-power option is to use a solid state
hard drive (SSD), which typically draw less than
one-third the power of a 2.5" disk. The latest,
highest-performance SSDs are very fast and
consume less energy
4.5 Displays:
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LCD monitors typically use a cold-cathode
fluorescent bulb to provide light for the display.
Some newer displays use an array of lightemitting
diodes (LEDs) in place of the
fluorescent bulb, which reduces the amount of
electricity used by the display. LCD monitors
uses three times less when active, and ten times
less energy when in sleep mode. LCDs are up to
66% more energy efficient than CRTs, LCDs
are also upwards of 80% smaller in size and
weight, leading to fuel savings in shipping.
LCDs produce less heat, meaning you'll need
less AC to keep cool.LCD screens are also
easier on the eyes. Their lower intensity and
steady light pattern result in less fatigue versus
CRTs.
4.6 Materials Recycling:
Computer recycling refers to recycling or reuse
of a computer or electronic waste
Additionally, parts from outdated systems may
be salvaged and recycled through certain retail
outlets and municipal or private recycling
centers. Recycling computing equipment can
keep harmful materials such as lead, mercury,
Green Computing
and hexavalent chromium out of landfills.
Computing supplies, such as printer cartridges,
paper, and batteries may be recycled as well.
Obsolete computers are a valuable source for
secondary raw materials, if treated properly,
however if not treated properly they are a major
source of toxins and carcinogens.
4.7 Telecommuting:
Teleconferencing and telepresence technologies
are often implemented in green computing
initiatives. The advantages are many; increased
worker satisfaction, reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions related to travel, and increased profit
margins as a result of lower overhead costs for
office space, heat, lighting, etc
Rather than traveling great distances, in order to
have a face-face meeting, it is now possible to
teleconference instead, using a multiway video
phone. Each member of the meeting, or each
party, can see every other member on a screen
or screens, and can talk to them as if they were
in the same room. This brings enormous time
and cost benefits, as well as a reduced impact on
the environment by lessening the need for travel
- a damaging source of carbon emissions.
5. NComputing - an architecture
that changes the green equation
NComputing systems are a major leap forward
in green computing. More than 15,000
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organizations in over 80 countries have used
NComputing to slash their carbon footprint and
electric consumption. The NComputing solution
is based on a simple fact: today’s PCs are so
powerful that the vast majority of applications
only use a small fraction of the computer’s
capacity. NComputing’s virtualization software
and hardware tap this unused capacity so that it
can be simultaneously shared by multiple users.
The NComputing virtualization software works
on a standard Windows or Linux1 PC. Each
user’s monitor, keyboard, and mouse connect to
the shared PC through a small and durable
NComputing access device. The device itself
has no CPU, memory, or moving parts—so it is
easy to deploy and maintain. It also consumes
very little power.
5.1 Consumes 90% less energy per
user
PCs typically consume between 110 to 200
watts of electricity. In contrast, NComputing
access devices consume next to nothing. In fact,
NComputing’s L-series devices consume 5
watts per added user and the X-series consume
just 1 watt per added user. If you replace
seventy PCs with ten PCs attached to sixty
NComputing X-series access devices, you
would save over 10,000 kilowatt-hours (kWh),
Green Computing
which translates to over 1 metric ton of CO2
emissions per year.
5.2 Air conditioning—the hidden
environmental cost
A single PC generates more heat than a 100
watt light bulb. A classroom, computer lab, or
office with PCs warms up very
quickly. In fact, PC-filled work areas almost
always have to be air conditioned. Air
conditioners raise electricity costs and require
large capital expenditures to buy, install, and
maintain them. In comparison, a room equipped
with PCs and NComputing access devices
generates 90% less heat and does not require
additional air conditioning.
5.3 98% less e-waste in landfills
It is found out lately that while electronic waste
represents only 2% of trash in landfills, it
represents 80% of the toxic waste. NComputing
greatly reduces the magnitude of this problem.
• In sheer weight, PCs generate much more
waste than virtual desktops. A typical PC
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weighs about 21 pounds (9.5 kg); an
NComputing access device weighs about 1/3 of
a pound (0.15 kg), for a 98% reduction in
electronic waste.
• An NComputing access device also has a
much longer useful life than a PC. When a
shared PC is replaced with a newer one, the PC
may go to a landfill, but the NComputing users
can keep their access devices and enjoy the
boost in performance from the new PC. So
whereas PCs might be upgraded every three
years or so, access devices could easily last five
years or more. With less frequent turnover, less
equipment ends up in landfills.
• NComputing access devices are also compliant
with RoHS regulations, which restrict the use of
lead and other harmful metals.
6. Future of Green Computing
The plan towards green IT should include new
electronic products and services with
optimum efficiency and all possible
options towards energy savings. That is
enterprise wise companies are laying
emphasis on moving towards Eco
Friendly Components in Computers, the
use of eco-friendly sustainable
components will become the norm
rather than the exception in future.
To this approach for an instance - A Canadian
Company, Userful Inc. (www.userful.com) have
come up with a solution that turns 1 computer
into 10 - Discover Station. Quickly becoming
the standard for green computing worldwide,
Discover Station leverages the unused
computing power of modern PC’s to create an
environmentally efficient alternative to
traditional desktop computing. Multiple users
can work on a single computer by simply
Green Computing
attaching up to 10 monitors, mice and
keyboards. This makes it possible to reduce
CO2 emissions by up to 15 tons per year per
system and reduce electronic waste by up to
80%. Userful has recently stated that in the last
year their software has saved over 13,250* tons
of CO2 emissions, the equivalent of taking
2,300 cars off the road.
Another approach for future Green Computing
is building big more and more data centers
where data center refers to a centralized
repository, either physical or virtual, for the
storage, management, and dissemination of data
and information organized around a particular
body of knowledge or pertaining to a particular
business.
7. Conclusion
So far, consumers haven't cared about
ecological impact when buying computers,
they've cared only about speed and price. But as
Moore's Law marches on and computers
commoditize, consumers will become pickier
about being green. Devices use less and less
power while renewable energy gets more and
more portable and effective. New green
materials are developed every year, and many
toxic ones are already being replaced by them.
So green computing is a
mindset that asks how we can satisfy the
growing demand for network computing
without putting such pressure on the
environment. There is an alternative way to
design a processor and a system such that we
don't increase demands on the environment, but
still provide an increased amount of processing
capability to customers to satisfy their business
needs. Green computing is not about going out
and designing biodegradable packaging for
products. Now the time came to think about the
efficiently use of computers and the resources
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which are non renewable. It opens a new
window for the new entrepreneur for harvesting
with E-waste material and scrap computers.
The greenest computer will not
miraculously fall from the sky one day; it’ll be
the product of years of improvements. The
features of a green computer of tomorrow
would be like: efficiency, manufacturing &
materials, recyclability, service model, selfpowering,
and other trends. Green computer will
be one of the major contributions which will
break down the 'digital divide', the electronic
gulf that separates the information rich from the
information poor.
8. Bibliography
file:///D:/15%20sept%20ppt/Green
%20computing%20-%20Wikipedia,
%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.htm
www.research.microsoft.com/pubs/7881
3/AJ18_EN.pdf
www.technopreneur.net/information.../
Green
%20Computing.pdf
www. computeruser.com/.../the
futureof-green-
computing.html
www.pcmicronetics.com/.../ NComputin
g %20Technology%20White%20Paper
%202-2-07. pdf
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Data_
center
www.brighthub.com/environment/ green-
computing/.../73844.aspx
Green Computing
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Green Computing
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