Russell J. Hemley and Ho-kwang Mao

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2005 Balzan Prize 61 Ball, P. Nature, http://www.nature.com/nsu/020923/020923-17.html (2002). 62 Eisenberg, A. New York Times, Mar. 11, 2004. 63 Hazen, R.M. The Breakthrough: The Race for the Superconductor (Summit Books, New York, 1988). 64 Abrikosov, A.A. Soviet Physics JETP 18, 1399-1404 (1963). 65 Ashcroft, N.W. Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 1748-1750 (1968). 66 Geballe, T.H. Science 293, 223-224 (2001). 67 Ashcroft, N.W. Nature 419 (2002). 68 Bardeen, J., Cooper, L.N. & Schrieffer, J.R. Phys. Rev. 18, 1175-1204 (1957). 69 Hazen, R.M. The New Alchemists: Breaking Through the Barriers of High Pressure (Random House, New York, 1993). 70 Murakami, M., Hirose, K., Kawamura, K., Sata, N. & Ohishi, Y. Science 304, 855-858 (2004). 34
Balzan research project – abstract New Directions in Mineral Physics: Multidisciplinary High Pressure Science Recent advances in mineral physics are unleashing the power of high pressure research to tackle a broad range of great challenges that span numerous scientific disciplines. Breakthroughs are expected in applications of high pressure research to mineralogy, geophysics, geochemistry and bioscience, as well as specific areas such as hydrogen storage, superhard materials and superconductivity. We are thus coming close to solving mysteries like the Earth’s inner core and the roots of plate tectonics. With the second half of their Balzan Prize, Russell Hemley and Ho-kwang Mao are implementing a project focused on bringing bright young people from diverse backgrounds into the multidisciplinary field of High Pressure Science. The four-year project is focused on training and its goal is the exploration of the new pressure dimension in multidisciplinary physical sciences. The fellowships will encourage the development, design, and fabrication of new instrumentation that will exploit the CVD diamond technology developed by Hemley and Mao. Publications and further dissemination of results are also being financed. In the first year, the funds were used to support talented young individuals ranging from the high school to the post-doctoral level from different parts of the world, giving them the opportunity to work with Hemley and Mao on projects opening new frontiers of high-pressure research. Dr. Pierre Beck is a Balzan Award supported post-doctoral associate who was trained in high-pressure meteorite impact phenomena at the Ecole Normale Superieure in Lyon, France. Prior to joining Hemley and Mao, he published a series of papers on meteorite studies including an important article in Nature in 2005. As part of his Balzan-supported project, he is developing time-resolved (i.e., dynamic) high pressure-temperature phenomena with diamond anvil cells. Work to date has led to the first high pressure-temperature Raman studies of olivine and a novel method for measuring the thermal conductivity of materials at high pressures and temperatures, with two papers and a series of abstracts in press. This is part of Hemley and Mao’s Balzan-supported project to develop combined static and dynamic (i.e., shock-wave) compression science. 35 Russell J. Hemley and Ho-kwang Mao
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Russell J. Hemley and Ho-kwang Mao

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