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ii Royal Society of Chemistry and has served as an expert reviewer for the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. His activity in the field of nanotechnology was recognized by the Institute of Nanotechnology and he was admitted as a Professional Fellow of the Institute. He has been appointed as a Visiting Professor at the University of Jinan (China) and the Associate Editor for Advanced Materials Letters. One of his research interests and activities is on novel nanomaterials and advanced sensor and sensing technology, where he has extensive experiences in the design, synthesis, characterization and integration of nano-sized materials for various sensing and/or biological applications. Dr. He Li One of editors for the book “Biosensor Nanomaterials”, is a professor of chemistry. He is currently the associate editor for the international principal journal “Advanced Materials Letters”. He got his PhD degree in 2004 in Chinese Academy of Sciences. Subsequently, he joined the University of Jinan (China) and became an associate professor with research interests in Nanomaterials and their biomedical applications. He doubled also as chair of the Pharmaceutical Engineering Department during the period from 2007 to 2009. At present, he is working in the University of Wisconsin (USA) as a senior visiting scientist. In his personal database, he has published over 30 papers in international peer-reviewed journals. He has also been the invited reviewer for various grants and journals (beyond 40 times). His recent works are focused on designing and developing advanced functional materials for nanomedicine and biosensor application. Specifically, he is designing and synthesizing multifunctional nanocarriers (e.g., unimolecular micelles, polymer vesicles, functionalized inorganic nanoparticles) for the combined delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents in targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis, and fabricating biosensors (especially electrochemical biosensors) made of Nanomaterials to detect various biomolecules in the field of clinical diagnosis, bioaffinity assays and environmental monitoring.
FOREWORD I welcome the timely publication of this e-Book on smart materials and their applications in sensors. The actual and potential impact of sensors and sensing systems is enormous and covers multifarious applications ranging from environmental monitoring and protection to pharmaceutical separation and analysis, and from defence and security to medicine and healthcare. It encompasses everything from electronics and materials to biotechnology and nanotechnology. The emerging challenges associated with public exposure to pollution and hazardous substances have fueled an urgent need for novel sensors and sensing systems to support toxicogenomic studies and protect populations. Over the past decades, scientists in this field have been working under pressure to meet these challenges. Sophisticated sensors and sensing materials are now available for evaluation and significant progress has been made in environmental protection, analytical technologies and the development of new materials. Prominent among them are smart nanomaterials, which combine the exciting properties of nanomaterials (such as electrical superconduction, paramagnetic properties and quantum optics) with enhanced diffusion properties and surface area to support a revolution in the design of sensors. This e-Book compiles ten well-organized chapters related to the field of sensors and smart nanomaterials. The emphasis is on highlighting rapid, specific, sensitive, inexpensive, in-field, on-line and/or real-time detection by smart nanomaterials sensors. Singh et al. provide a review in the first chapter on smart nanomaterials and their applications in the field of sensors. Emerging trends and challenges for smart nanomaterials sensors are given in detail in this opening chapter. Diverging disciplines and fields, such as bionanoelectronics, nanotechnology, biotechnology and miniaturization, are exerting remarkable influences on the development of new sensing devices. The chapter by Marrazza is focused on metal nanoparticle-based biosensors. This is a developing field that combines nanoscale materials with biosensor technologies to achieve the direct wiring of enzymes onto electrode surfaces, and to promote electrochemical reactions, as well as incorporating nanobarcodes and signal amplification from biorecognition events. Studies have demonstrated that metal nanoparticles-based biosensors have important potential applications in the fields of environmental and medical analysis, due to their sensitivity, specificity, rapidity, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Molecular imprinting is one of the latest developments in the field of sensors. In chapter 3, Zhao et al. introduce molecularly imprinted nanomaterials-based sensors. Molecularly imprinted nanomaterials are classified as nanoparticles (including core-shell nanoparticles), nano-wires and tubes, and nanofilms. They review the working principles, methods used and binding events by molecularly imprinted nanosensors. In Chapter 4, Singh and Chen describe thermosensitive polymers and their applications for the prolonged delivery of contraceptive hormones to women. Salaimutharasan et al. review the recent progress made in nanosensors in Chapter 5. Nanosensors are used as the biological, chemical and surgical information sources to convey information. Current developments will allow the transfer of information from a nanoscale space to the macroscopic world. In the following chapter Banerjee et al. study the preparation of CdSe nanoparticles in the presence of self-assembled Abscisic acid (ABA). It appears possible that CdSe nanoparticles may lead to a new family of bio-imaging nanomaterials for cancer cell targeting and, in addition, provide a host for optoelectronic applications. Smith et al. describe the fabrication and optimization of a hydrogel delivery system for wound healing in Chapter 7. Zhu et al. introduce, in Chapter 8, the use of advanced carbon nanotubes and fibers in the field of sensors. Carbon nanotube-based biosensors demonstrate potential for the rapid diagnosis of life-threatening diseases. Singh et al. review selected gold nanoparticle-based biosensors. Giuliani and Ge describe 1D nanostructures and their application in sensors in Chapter 9. Nanowires, nanorods and nanotubes are known as the 1-D nanostructure prototype, which is characterized by cross sections as small as 1 micrometer and some microns in length. They can be generated by either adding gold nuclei to a growing solution or by using a template-based method. The 1-D nanostructure offers a significant potential in healthcare and safety. It would take several extensive volumes to cover all the details of smart nanomaterials sensors. Thus, this e-Book can only hope to provide an overview and highlight some of the most important recent researches. iii
Page 2 and 3: Smart Nanomaterials for Sensor Appl
Page 4 and 5: CONTENTS Editors’ Biographies i F
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Page 10 and 11: vi Ravindra Pratap Singh Nanotechno
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Page 20 and 21: Optical Sensors Based on Molecularl
Page 26 and 27: Prospects of Nanosensors in Environ
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