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Overview images of the test sites, Lucerne (left) and Chandlers Ford (right). 18 Images copyright © SpaceImaging 2.2 Additional data In addition to the IKONOS imagery, various other datasets were provided to the participants to enable them to perform qualitative and quantitative tests on their results. These datasets included: • LandPlan raster (1:10 000 scale) of Chandlers Ford, from Ordnance Survey • Large scale polygon data of Chandlers Ford from Ordnance Survey (referred to in the Annexes as Digital National Framework, or DNF based data. The commercial product based on DNF is now known as OS MasterMap). • Habitat (land use and land cover) data for Chandlers Ford from Hampshire County Council • Pixel maps (1:25 000 scale) of Lucerne from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography • Digital orthophotography for Lucerne from the Swiss Federal Office of Topography A set of guidelines on the assessment criteria to be used for each of the work packages was also sent to each of the participants.
3 Summaries of the reports The number of final reports received was less than originally expected, principally due to the delay in obtaining imagery, which caused several participating organizations to reallocate resources to other work. However, several of the organizations did provide interim reports or other material during the course of the project. It was decided that any communications received during the project – interim reports, final reports or presentations – would be considered for publication, and where possible these have been included in the Annexes. 3.1 Work Package 1: Topographic mapping from high resolution space sensors 3.1.1 Objectives This first work package set out determine whether the satellite imagery of the test sites could be successfully used as the source material for the update of conventional topographic mapping, using the mapping specifications of the researchers involved. The formal objectives of the work package were as follows: • To survey the topographic features in a defined area, and assign feature codes according to each participant’s specification and requirements. • To assess the positional accuracy of the newly surveyed features, along with the identification and interpretation accuracy. The accuracy of using High Resolution Sensor data will be compared with conventional survey methods (aerial photography). • Assess the costs and benefit of using High Resolution Sensor data over conventional survey methods (aerial photography). • Investigate the maturity of software system products used to complete the topographic mapping Three reports were submitted for this work package, from Ordnance Survey Great Britain, National Land Survey of Sweden, and the University of Hanover, Germany. 3.1.2 A summary of the Work Package 1 report by Paul Marshall, Ordnance Survey, United Kingdom (Annexe 1). This report evaluates the panchromatic imagery of the Lucerne site. Although the Chandlers Ford site would seem to be more fitting to the national mapping organization of Great Britain, the 4m multispectral imagery available for Chandlers Ford was deemed to be inappropriate for the mapping scales used in Great Britain (i.e. 1:1250. 1:2500 and 1:10 000 scales). The evaluation of the Lucerne data demonstrated that high resolution space imagery suffers from the same problems as digital mono panchromatic aerial photography – such as those caused by height displacement and cloud cover and that of feature interpretation in dense urban areas. Interpretation of the imagery would have been improved by stereo coverage – which would have also enabled the derivation of DTMs – and by pan-sharpened imagery, in which the identification of features may be aided by their colours. Multispectral imagery would also allow greater discrimination between vegetation, buildings and shadows, especially in urban areas. The main drawback of the 1m imagery was the difficulty in interpreting fences and other small linear features. Such features are an integral part of many current spatial data and mapping specifications, and without these features the specifications cannot be satisfied. 19
Page 1 and 2: European Organization for Experimen
Page 3 and 4: EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION for EXPERIMEN
Page 5 and 6: Mr. F. PAPI MONTANEL Spain Institut
Page 7 and 8: Table of contents D. Holland, B. Gu
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Page 11 and 12: Figure 5 Local binary difference be
Page 13 and 14: Summary The aim of this project was
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Page 21 and 22: Major point features such as railwa
Page 23 and 24: This aim of the study was to compar
Page 25 and 26: 3.4.4 A summary of the Work Package
Page 27 and 28: 4.4 Challenges to existing products
Page 29: 6 Recommendations Mapping organizat
Page 32 and 33: 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The a
Page 34 and 35: Figure 1: Area 1. Rural / urban sub
Page 36 and 37: Table 1: Summary of the findings of
Page 38 and 39: 2.4.2 Roads. All major roads could
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Page 42 and 43: for comparison was digital ortho-im
Page 44 and 45: features. The amount of distortion
Page 46 and 47: Table 5 Flowline costs Process Aeri
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Page 50 and 51: 5.5 Examples of the use of IKONOS i
Page 52 and 53: 1:50,000 - for full specification 1
Page 54 and 55: 1 Aim and objectives The major aim
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Page 58 and 59: 3.4 Drainage Figure 4 shows two sub
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Page 63 and 64: spectral range 0.45 - 0.90 b/w pan
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Page 67 and 68: 4 Geometry of CARTERRA Geo The geom
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Figure 8: differences after correct
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Oeepe - Project on Topographic Mapp
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example, IKONOS MS imagery for one
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Binary difference For a moving (2w+
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Figure 1 shows how several features
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Figure 3. (a) k-means classificatio
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4.3.2 Type Figure 5a shows the loca
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Figures 7a and b show the local (th
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For the agricultural area, the reas
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5 Discussion 5.1 Geometric registra
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6 Conclusion The objective of this
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OEEPE - Project Topographic Mapping
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esult of the level of spatial gener
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The 44 classes were specified such
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when there is an abundance of small
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Table 1 (b). Relation of CORINE cla
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The four classes were chosen to rep
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mation available to the classifier.
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Oeepe - Project on Topographic Mapp
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Outline Background / Motivation Dat
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Available Satellite Data • IKONOS
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Available Map Data Scanned OS Landp
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Spectral Properties Spectral Bands
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CORINE 44 Landuse units 5 Main cato
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Variables Variables Options CORINE
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ERDAS • MS-Channels RGB,NIR • N
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Expert Classifier • Texture from
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Prelimnary Accuracy Assessment Inst
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Influence of image object sizes Sma
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Level 4 Form, texture and spatial r
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1,00 0,90 0,80 0,70 0,60 0,50 0,40
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Problems due to spectral resolution
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Conclusions 1. Interpretation key s
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OEEPE - Project Topographic Mapping
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Figure 1: Signature Mean Plot of th
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4 Conclusion The multispectral Ikon
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Image 1b : Unsupervised Classified
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Image 1d : Supervised Classified Im
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Image 1f : Landmap (Ordnance Survey
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Image 2b : Unsupervised Classified
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Image 2d : Supervised Classified Im
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Image 2f : Landmap (Ordnance Survey
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Harrison, A.R.; D’souza, G; and S
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LIST OF THE OEEPE PUBLICATIONS Stat
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20 Eichhorn, G.: Summary of Replies
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