Garba Tula Governance Assessment Final Report ... - Land Portal

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Garba Tula Governance Baseline Assessment, April 2011 numbers (probably less than 15 individual animals). However, it was eventually decided to include them rather than other dryland species (e.g. reticulated giraffe, Somali ostrich or oryx) as they are a high national conservation priority as well as being endemic to northern Kenya and southern Ethiopia. Table 3. Prioritised Garba Tula natural resource values and threats NR Values Major Threats Water systems Major rivers Springs, water pans, wells etc. Seasonal pasture mosaic Dry season Wet season Drought Riverine habitats Forests Grasslands Bushland Acacia-Commiphora dominated Reduced water levels (from upstream abstraction) Poor water quality (due to lack of management/breakdown in traditional systems) Breakdown of infrastructure (lack of management/traditional systems) Catchment forest deforestation Overgrazing - unregulated influx of livestock (weak management systems) Insecurity issues preventing traditional grazing movements Protected areas preventing traditional grazing movements Sedentarization and settlement (often associated with relief aid interventions) Unmanaged fire Invasive species Conversion to agriculture Deforestation (for charcoal, fodder, building) Invasive species Deforestation (for charcoal, fodder, building) Overgrazing Unmanaged fire Hardwood species Deforestation (commercial for building materials) Elephants Poaching Blocking of migration routes Competition for water (at key sources during drought) Grevy’s Zebra Poaching for skins and traditional medicines to treat tuberculosis and sexually-transmitted diseases 3 The major threats to these natural resource values are listed in priority order in the right-hand column of Table 3. As shown, there are a number of common threats impacting on more than one natural resource value, in particular regarding the three habitat values that are impacted to various degrees by deforestation, unmanaged fires, overgrazing and invasive alien species. Where possible, the underlying cause of these threats has been included in brackets. Again, in a number of cases different threats to different values appear to be caused by the same underlying issues. This is perhaps most obvious regarding weak natural resource management systems, which is contributing to several threats including poor water quality, influx of livestock, and livestock disease among others. 3 Kenya’s National Grevy’s Zebra Task Force. Conservation and Management Strategy for Grevy’s Zebra (Equus Grevyi) in Kenya, 2007 – 2011. Page 20. 11 | P a g e
Garba Tula Governance Baseline Assessment, April 2011 The identification of these key natural resources helped to focus the identification of the most important natural resource based livelihoods in Garba Tula, which is described in detail in the next section. 3.2 GT natural resource livelihoods and challenges In a community area such as Garba Tula, developing an understanding of the area’s most important natural resource-based livelihoods and the key issues impacting on them is an essential complement to the identification of the area’s most important natural resources. As with the natural resource values, the identification of key natural resource based livelihoods provides a framework for targeting the assessment of Garba Tula natural resource governance mechanisms on the most important aspects of the area, as well as also providing the foundations for the development of indicators to measure overall project impacts. The identification of key natural resource-based livelihoods is especially important considering the overall aims of the international IUCN project, which focuses on improving the sustainable use and conservation of natural resources, as well as strengthening the resilience of livelihoods that directly depend on these natural resources. The process used to identify these NR livelihoods and their associated issues was similar to that described above for the identification of natural resource values, and was also carried out by participants at the GT Governance Assessment Workshop. The results of this assessment are presented in Table 4 below. Table 4. Prioritised Garba Tula natural resource based livelihoods and challenges NR Based Livelihoods Major Challenges Pastoralism Low government support (policy, financial, emergency support) Drought (potentially linked to climate change) Sedentarization, settlement expansion and land use changes Poor access to livestock markets Conflict and insecurity (cattle theft and new grazing patterns) Livestock disease (from wildlife and unregulated influx of livestock) Agriculture Water supply (impacted by upstream abstraction) Low expertise/knowledge (cultural preference for pastoralism) Flooding/Flash floods (linked to catchment deforestation) Poor market access Pests and disease Timber Harvesting Lack of regulation and/or enforcement of rules Low Kenya Forest Service presence and capacity Poor market access Sand Collection Lack of legal regulation or controls Lack of local organisation (e.g. coops) or industry bodies Low capacity (i.e. local skills and equipment) Poor market access As shown, there were considered to be relatively few livelihoods in Garba Tula that are practised on a significant scale and that directly rely on natural resources. By far the most important of these is 12 | P a g e
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Page 3 and 4: Tables Garba Tula Governance Baseli
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Page 9 and 10: 2.3 Good governance principles Garb
Page 11 and 12: Table 2. Aspects of good governance
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Page 45 and 46: Accountability Fairness Summary Gov
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