CCNA Voice Portable Command Guide 1587204428_ch01.pdf
CCNA Voice Portable Command Guide 1587204428_ch01.pdf
CCNA Voice Portable Command Guide 1587204428_ch01.pdf
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CHAPTER 1<br />
<strong>Voice</strong> Fundamentals for Unified<br />
Communication<br />
This chapter provides information on the following topics:<br />
■ <strong>Voice</strong> Fundamentals<br />
■ Cisco VoIP Structure<br />
■ Common Topologies<br />
■ Traditional <strong>Voice</strong> Network<br />
■ Traditional Data Network<br />
■ Today’s Converged Network<br />
<strong>Voice</strong> Fundamentals<br />
Over the past decade, as IP-based protocols have matured, a trend has occurred. The<br />
trend has been moving away from traditional PBX-based telephony systems and moving<br />
toward implementing a converged data and voice IP-based network. This has enabled<br />
a lower-cost solution to be deployed over the existing infrastructure that exists for the<br />
network.<br />
Whether you have a background in traditional voice, networking, or are new to this<br />
field altogether, there are a lot of terms and concepts to learn. The goal for this portable<br />
command guide is to help you quickly dive into what you need or want to know to help<br />
implement a VoIP solution at work, to help you advance your knowledge to attain the<br />
<strong>CCNA</strong> <strong>Voice</strong> certification, or simply to further your knowledge in a technology that<br />
is foreign to you. Table 1-1 lists commonly used acronyms and concepts with a brief<br />
description of each. These terms and concepts are used throughout this portable command<br />
guide.
2 <strong>Voice</strong> Fundamentals<br />
Table 1-1 <strong>Voice</strong> Fundamentals – Concepts and Acronyms<br />
Acronym/Concept Description<br />
802.1Q IEEE Standard specifying a trunking protocol that tags<br />
frames with the VLAN number they are sourcing from<br />
Analog Signal Signaling method used to measure change in a continuous<br />
nature<br />
ANI<br />
Automatic Number Identifi cation<br />
CAS<br />
Channel Associated Signaling<br />
CCS<br />
Common Channel Signaling<br />
CDP<br />
Cisco Discovery Protocol<br />
CLI<br />
<strong>Command</strong> Line Interface<br />
CME<br />
Cisco Unifi ed Communications Manager Express<br />
Codec Encoding/Decoding mechanism for compressing voice<br />
across a data network. The term’s original meaning is<br />
coder/decoder.<br />
CUC<br />
Cisco Unity Connection<br />
CUCM or CM<br />
Cisco Unifi ed Communications Manager (previously<br />
known as Call Manager (CM)<br />
CUP<br />
Cisco Unifi ed Presence<br />
E.164<br />
PSTN International number plan<br />
Digital Signal A string of bits (1s or 0s).<br />
E&M (Ear and Mouth) or (Earth and Magnet)<br />
FXO<br />
Foreign Exchange Offi ce<br />
FXS<br />
Foreign Exchange Station<br />
NANP<br />
North American Numbering Plan<br />
NTP<br />
Network Time Protocol<br />
PBX<br />
Private Branch Exchange<br />
PoE<br />
Power over Ethernet<br />
PSTN<br />
Public Switched Telephone Network<br />
RBS<br />
Robbed Bit Signaling<br />
RTCP<br />
Real-Time Transport Control Protocol<br />
RTP<br />
Real-Time Transport Protocol<br />
SCCP<br />
Skinny Client Control Protocol<br />
SIP<br />
Session Initiation Protocol<br />
SRST<br />
Survivable Remote Site Telephony<br />
TDM Time Division Multiplexing is the process of transmitting<br />
multiple channels of voice or data in specifi c time<br />
slots over a single digital connection.
Cisco VoIP Structure<br />
Common Topologies 3<br />
It is beneficial to know what products exist in the Cisco world for voice. Depending<br />
upon the size of the organization, numerous solutions are available:<br />
■ Cisco Unified Communications Manager: This solution is the pinnacle of the<br />
Cisco <strong>Voice</strong> solution. Cisco Unified Communications Manager provides all the<br />
functionality you would want or need within an enterprise-class voice solution.<br />
This is the ideal solution for a large organization that requires the complexity,<br />
yet granularity, of having an enterprise voice system. You can add voicemail<br />
functionality to this system when implementing Cisco Unity Connection (CUC).<br />
You can also add presence features that will be discussed later within this portable<br />
command guide. The presence functionality is known as Cisco Unified Presence<br />
(CUP). This is an extremely flexible and scalable solution.<br />
■ Cisco Unified Communications Manager Express: This solution is for the<br />
small- to medium-size business that does not require the complexity, nor the<br />
extensive scalability that Cisco Unified Communications Manager has to offer. It<br />
is an ideal solution for a small- to medium-size business that would like a subset<br />
of the features that CUCM offers. This can also be used for a remote office solution<br />
with CUCM utilizing SRST.<br />
■ Cisco Unified Communications Manager—Business edition: Cisco developed<br />
this solution for an organization that wants the full-blown implementation of<br />
CUCM; however, the organization will never grow beyond 1,000 users (Note: At<br />
the time of this writing, three business editions are available. This is a great solution<br />
at a great price point for the small- to medium-size organization.<br />
■ Cisco Unified Communications 500 Series for Small Business (UC500): Cisco<br />
developed this solution for the small business market that just needs a quick, easy<br />
to set up and configure platform to get its organization up and running on a VoIP<br />
solution. This system scales up to 138 users. This is truly meant for the small<br />
business market.<br />
Common Topologies<br />
This section describes common topologies that you find in the industry and in textbooks<br />
when studying voice technologies and bridging the gap between data and voice networks.<br />
Figure 1-1 represents the traditional voice network for a traditional PBX connected to<br />
the PSTN via a copper ground start trunk or loop start trunk. This also shows traditional<br />
phones as terminals and a traditional fax machine, in addition to a connection to the<br />
voicemail system.
4 Common Topologies<br />
Figure 1-1 Traditional <strong>Voice</strong> Network<br />
PBX<br />
PSTN<br />
IP IP IP<br />
Phones<br />
Trunk<br />
Fax <strong>Voice</strong> Mail<br />
Figure 1-2 represents the traditional data network that shows two locations, each with a<br />
router, switch, and two PCs connected via a WAN connection.<br />
Switch<br />
Router<br />
PCs<br />
Figure 1-2 Traditional Data Network<br />
WAN<br />
Switch<br />
Router<br />
PCs
Common Topologies 5<br />
Figure 1-3 represents today’s <strong>Voice</strong> over IP network that takes the best of both the<br />
traditional voice network and the data network and combines them together in one network.<br />
The PBX is now a server on the data network, and the traditional phones are now<br />
IP-based. Keep in mind, you still need to maintain a connection to the PSTN for external<br />
calls.<br />
PoE<br />
Switch<br />
<strong>Voice</strong><br />
V<br />
PSTN<br />
CME<br />
V<br />
PoE<br />
Switch<br />
IP Phone<br />
w/Station<br />
IP WAN<br />
IP IP<br />
IP<br />
Servers<br />
PC PC<br />
CUCM CUC CUP<br />
Virtual or Physical<br />
Figure 1-3 Today’s <strong>Voice</strong> over IP Network (Sometimes Referred to as a Converged<br />
Network)