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Developing Brand Personality Through Colour Construct – A ...

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communicate what the brand stands for. Therefore, based on our research findings, the<br />

hypotheses presented earlier, are accepted:<br />

H1: <strong>Brand</strong> colour blue is associated with the personality trait, competence (intelligence,<br />

secure, & confident) - Accepted;<br />

H2: <strong>Brand</strong> colour purple is associated with personality trait, sophistication (glamorous,<br />

smooth, & charming) - Accepted;<br />

H3: <strong>Brand</strong> colour orange is associated with personality trait, excitement (daring, imaginative,<br />

& exciting) - Accepted;<br />

H4: <strong>Brand</strong> colour red is associated with personality trait, sincerity (wholesome, down-toearth,<br />

& honest) - Accepted.<br />

With this research paper, we hope to bring new insights on the current conceptualization and<br />

operationalization of the constructs, such as brand colour’s influence on brand personality.<br />

This research paper suggests that managers should understand that brand personality<br />

formation is a multifaceted phenomenon, since it is determined by more than one factor. In<br />

addition, the paper also suggests that managers should regularly assess the relationship<br />

between consumers and a brand’s identity, and how do the consumers associate different<br />

brand colours with different brand personality traits.<br />

References<br />

1. Aaker, D.A. (1996), “Building strong brands”, New York, The Free Press.<br />

2. Aaker, J. L. (1997), ‘Dimensions of brand personality’, Journal of Marketing<br />

Research, 34(3), 347<strong>–</strong>356.<br />

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(Eds.), <strong>Brand</strong> equity and advertising: Advertising’s role in building strong brands<br />

(pp. 67<strong>–</strong>82). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.<br />

4. Bosnjak, Michael, Mirta Galesic, and Tracy Tuten (2007), "<strong>Personality</strong> Determinants<br />

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6. Clarke, T. and Costall, A. (2008), ‘The Emotional Connotations of Color: A<br />

Qualitative Investigation’, Color Research and Application, Vol. 33, No. 5, 406-410.<br />

7. Cooper, Mimi (1994), "The Color of Money May Actually Be Fuchsia," Direct<br />

Marketing, 34 (May), 66-67.<br />

8. Diamantopoulos, Adamantios, Gareth Smith, and Ian Grime (2005), "The Impact of<br />

<strong>Brand</strong> Extensions on <strong>Brand</strong> <strong>Personality</strong>: Experimental Evidence," European Journal<br />

of Marketing, 39 (1/2), 129-149.<br />

9. Eckman M, Damhorst ML, Kadolph SJ. (1990), “Toward a model of the in-store<br />

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10. Elliot AJ, Maier MA, Moller AC, Friedman R, Meinhardt J. (2007), “Color and<br />

psychological functioning: the effect of red on performance attainment”, Journal of<br />

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11. Freling, Trachi H. (2005), "An Examination of <strong>Brand</strong> <strong>Personality</strong> <strong>Through</strong><br />

Methodological Triangulation," <strong>Brand</strong> Management, 13 (2), 148-162.<br />

12. Freling, Trachi H. and Lukas P. Forbes (2005), "An Empirical Analysis of the <strong>Brand</strong><br />

<strong>Personality</strong> Effect," Journal of Product & <strong>Brand</strong> Management, 14 (7), 404-413.

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