Additions to the lichen flora of Finland. II. Calcareous rocks and ...

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26 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) followed pending a closer examination of the variation of the species (but see Breuss 2002). Specimens examined: 14 localities, first collection: Hermala, Kalkkimäki, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 18.VI.1996, 16818, 16826. Verrucaria fusconigrescens New to Finland. V. fusconigrescens is often reported to occur on seashore rocks, but most finds in Sweden are from wet siliceous or slightly calcareous rocks in inland sites (Foucard 2001). The habitat of the species in Lohja is not typical. Specimen examined: Skraatila, Kirkkovuori, SWfacing sun-exposed calcareous rock, 60°15'N, 23°54'E, 21.VII.2004, 25211. Verrucaria geophila Zahlbr. New to Fennoscandia. V. geophila is a rare species of calcareous soils found in central and southern Europe. The closest sites to Finland are in Austria (Hafellner & Türk 2001) and Slovakia (Palice et al. 2006). V. geophila is rather similar to V. foveolata (Zschacke 1933), but the latter species grows on calcareous rocks rather than on soil. Specimen examined: Hermala, Kalkkimäki, rather sun-exposed small calcareous rock, on thin soil, scarce, 60°13'N, 23°52'E, 18.VI.2003, 23019. Verrucaria glauconephela New to Finland. V. glauconephela is one of the many poorly known Verrucaria species. It has been reported from Hungary (Zschacke 1933), Sweden (Magnusson 1946), Czech (Vezda & Liskǎ 1999) and Austria (Das Land Niederösterreich 2006). Collections from two sites in Lohja are tentatively placed under V. glauconephela. They resemble V. muralis, but the spores (and asci) are smaller. The Lohja material fits with the description of V. glauconephela presented by Foucard (2001), but spores were slightly broader: 11–16 × 7–9 µm. However, Servit (1950) reported a spore size of 15–18 × 6–9 µm for the species. Specimens examined: Ojamo, Liessaari, on NWfacing wall of calcareous rock on the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi, 60°14'N, 24°01'E, 22.IV.2003, 22625, 15.IV.2005, 26526, 26533; Paloniemi, Luhtalahti, road cutting of a calciferous quartzfeldspar gneissic rock, on a pebble, 60°16'N, 24°01'E, 28.IV.2005, 26707. Verrucaria hochstetteri New to Finland. V. hochstetteri is probably a rare species, but it may occur throughout Fennoscandia. All populations were small and appeared on rather sun-exposed microhabitats. V. hochstetteri may be a species occurring only on species-rich calcareous rocks. In all localities it was accompanied by other rare calcicolous species. Specimens examined: Hermala, Kalkkimäki, on open calcareous rock, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 29.VIII.2003, 23446; Lohja, Tytyri, on a small rock wall on the edge of a lime quarry, 60°16'N, 24°04'E, 8.XI.2003, 24026. Varsinais-Suomi: Karjalohja, Pyöli, Niku, on an open rather flat SW-facing calcareous rock, 60°12'N, 23°48'E, 6.VII.2004, 24975; Karjalohja, Karkali, Karkali nature reserve, on a small SW-facing calcareous rock wall, 60°14'N, 23°47'E, 19.X.2004, 26136. Verrucaria hydrela New to Finland. V. hydrela was found in rather shady, mesic or moist microhabitats with a mixture of calcareous and siliceous rock. They were mainly lime-influenced gneissic rocks and stones, close to calcareous rocks. V. hydrela usually occurs on siliceous rocks on lake and river shores (Foucard 2001), and the habitats in this study are thus abnormal. Specimens examined: Torhola, Torhola cave, SW slope of calciferous gneissic rock, shaded by a stand of Ulmus laevis, 60°15'N, 23°51'E, 16.VII.2004, 25052, conf. O. Breuss 2005; Paloniemi, Muutettavanniemi, on NW-facing calciferous gneiss rock, 60°15'N, 24°01'E, 28.IV.2005, 26659, 26689; Kunnarla, on a small
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) Additions the the lichen flora of Finland 27 S-facing calcareous rock wall in herb-rich forest, 60°13'N, 24°04'E, 5.V.2005, 26742; Pappila, Tytyri, by the lime quarry, herb-rich forest on the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi, on stones, 60°16'N, 24°04'E, 7.V.2005, 26785; Marttila, Savilahdensalmi, herb-rich forest, on a probably lime-influenced siliceous stone, 60°14'N, 23°51'E, 21.VI.2005, 27094. Verrucaria macrostoma New to Finland. V. macrostoma occurs on calcareous rocks and artificial calcareous habitats (Hawskworth et al. 1992, Foucard 2001). It is not rare in southern Sweden (Foucard 2001). Specimens examined: Lohja, Tytyri, on edge of a lime quarry, 60°16'N, 24°04'E, 24.V.2003, 22861c, 8.XI.2003, 24030. Verrucaria maculiformis New to Finland. V. maculiformis occurred on various kinds of calcareous rocks both in rather shady and sun-exposed microhabitats, perhaps preferring half-shade. It also grew on concrete and cement. The species was found both on vertical and flat rock surfaces, and also in lime quarries. It may prefer pebbles on quarry waste land. Despite the wide variation in its habitats, the species appears to be rare in Lohja. In Fennoscandia V. maculiformis has previously been found on bricks (Santesson et al. 2004). Specimens examined: Altogether 10 localities, first collection 1996: Hermala, Kalkkimäki, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 18.VI.1996, 16821. Verrucaria murina New to Finland. V. murina has an almost immersed grey-green-brown thallus (in the Lohja collections clearly epilithic, but very small and thin brown thallus), entire involucrellum, small 1/3 to almost immersed perithecia and relatively small (14–20(–25) × 6–9(–10) µm) spores (Hawskworth et al. 1992). The species has previously been recorded in Fennoscandia from Gotland (Santesson et al. 2004). Santesson et al. (2004) suggested that V. murina might be conspecific with V. deversa. However, V. deversa has an inconspicuous thallus, spore length usually exceeds 20 µm and the perithecia tend to be larger than in V. murina. Specimens examined: Hermala, Tolpoonkallio, flat calcareous rock, on stones, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 29.V.2004, 24808; Hermala, Kalkkimäki, in a small lime quarry, 60°13'N, 23°52'E, 19.VII.2004, 25138; Pietilä, Pietilänlahti, on a Nfacing wall of calcareous rock, 60°14'N, 23°54'E, 22.IX.2004, 25741. Verrucaria ochrostoma (Borrer ex Leighton) Trevisan New to Fennoscandia. V. ochrostoma has been found in central Europe (Wirth 1995, Bayerova et al. 2004), England (Hawksworth et al. 1992) and Asia (e.g. Aptroot & Seaward 1999). The species has a pale, areolate thallus in which perithecia are immersed (Hawksworth et al. 1992). The exciple is dark, and the involucrellum is lacking. The spore size is 18–23 × 8–12 µm. Specimens examined: Paloniemi, Ollisaari, on small flat calcareous rock on the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi, 60°15'N, 24°01'E, 17.VIII.2004, 25529 & R. Murto, V. cf. ochrostoma, det. O. Breuss 2005 (very scarce material); Hermala, Pietilä, on a road cutting with calcareous rock and on pebbles, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 30.IX.2004, 25913; 25916. Verrucaria rejecta New to Finland. V. rejecta has small perithecia (0.15–0.3 mm), that are half- to 3/4-immersed. The involucrellum covers the exciple to the base, the exciple is pale and the spores are 12–19 × (5– )6–9 µm. The thallus is granular to small areolate, and dark brown to black. In the lime quarry collection, the thallus was paler brown (medium brown) and slightly larger than in other collections. V. rejecta is an arctic species previously reported from Fennoscandia in northern Sweden (Magnusson 1952) and northern Norway (Degelius 1956). However, the present
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