Additions to the lichen flora of Finland. II. Calcareous rocks and ...

Additions to the lichen flora of Finland. II. Calcareous rocks and
associated soils in Lohja
JUHA PYKÄLÄ
Pykälä, J. 2007. Additions to the lichen flora of Finland. II. Calcareous rocks and associated
soils in Lohja. Graphis Scripta 19: 17–32. Stockholm. ISSN 0901-7593.
The lichen flora of calcareous rocks and lime quarries and their associated soils were studied
in Lohja, in the inland of SW Finland. 49 species are new to Finland: Acrocordia conoidea,
Agonimia gelatinosa, A. globulifera, A. vouauxii*, Bacidina arnoldiana, B. delicata, B.
egenula, Bagliettoa baldensis, B. parmigerella, Diplotomma lutosum, Hymenelia carnosula,
Lecania sylvestris, Lecanora perpruinosa, L. xanthostoma, Lemmopsis pelodes, Leptogium
magnussonii, Moelleropsis nebulosa, Polyblastia agraria, P. helvetica, P. sepulta,
Pseudosagedia grandis, P. linearis, Sarcogyne distinguenda, Thelidium cataractarum, T.
incavatum, T. olivaceum*, T. pyrenophorum, T. zwackhii, Verrucaria caerulea, V.
cinereoatrata, V. devergens, V. dolosa, V. floerkeana, V. foveolata, V. fusconigrescens, V.
geophila*, V. glauconephela, V. hochstetteri, V. hydrela, V. macrostoma, V. maculiformis, V.
murina, V. ochrostoma*, V. rejecta, V. ruderum, V. schindleri, V. transiliens*, V. viridula
and Vezdaea retigera. Verrucaria pycnosticta is considered as a synonym of Bagliettoa
baldensis. Species with an asterisk are also new to Fennoscandia.
Juha Pykälä, Finnish Environment Institute, Research Programme for Biodiversity, P.O.
Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: juha.pykala@ymparisto.fi
Exposed calcareous rock is known to be very rich
in lichen species. However, in Fennoscandia
rather few local or regional lichen studies have
been carried out (e.g. Magnusson 1952, Degelius
1956, Fröberg 1989). In Finland calcareous rocks
are rare; only 0.1 % percent of the Finnish
bedrock is calcareous (Söderholm 1925).
Macrolichens of calcareous rock in southern
Finland have frequently been collected and
deposited in Finnish herbaria, but collections of
crustaceous lichens are rather scarce and mostly
date back to the late 1800s or early 1900s (e.g.
Vainio 1921).
This paper presents a report of species new to
Finland from calcareous rocks, lime quarries and
soils associated with these habitats from Lohja,
in the inland of SW Finland. Altogether 49
species new to Finland were identified. Three of
them have already been listed to occur in Finland
by Santesson et al. (2004), based on data from
this work: Bagliettoa baldensis, Leptogium
magnussonii and Verrucaria viridula. Five
species are new to Fennoscandia. Many
specimens are still unidentified, and particularly
many Verrucaria specimens do not fit with the
species previously reported in Finland.
Material and methods
The land area of Lohja municipality is c. 278
km 2 . Lohja is well known for its exposed
calcareous bedrock. Limestone occurs in Lohja
as rather narrow lenses within a gneissic
substrate (Parras 1954). The largest areas are 50–
100 m wide and have been commercially mined
(Parras & Tavela 1954). Furthermore, many
small lime quarries occur in the area. At present,
all open-cast lime quarries are abandoned, but

18 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007)
mining continues deep under lake Lohjanjärvi.
The limestone consists in general of calcite
(Parras & Tavela 1954). Limestone deposits that
have not been mined are very small and narrow.
Most calcareous rocks in Lohja are mixtures of
limestone and siliceous rocks (mainly quartz or
feldspar gneisses), the latter minerals often
predominating.
Calcareous rock is rather rare in Lohja.
Altogether, a little more than 60 sites with
exposed calcareous bedrock and/or calcareous
boulders are known from in the area (Pykälä
1992 and unpublished). The calcareous bedrock
is usually shallow, and often mostly covered by
soil. Areas of exposed rock or rock with such a
thin layer of soil that calcicolous lichens can be
found are often mosaic-like and mixed with
thicker soils with forests. Due to the mosaic-like
occurrence of siliceous and calcareous minerals,
as well as forested and non-forested areas, it is
somewhat difficult to measure the total area of
exposed calcareous rock. However, most of these
sites are very small (1–1000 m 2 ), the largest
being c. 2–3 hectares. The largest lime quarries
in Tytyri and Ojamo are surrounded by large
areas with waste soils covering some hectares.
Most of Lohja belongs to the biogeographical
province Varsinais-Suomi (V), and all sites with
calcareous rock in Lohja are situated within this
province.
In this study 95 % of all known sites with
calcareous rock in Lohja were visited. Altogether
60 sites were studied (55 sites with exposed
calcareous bedrock and five with only calcareous
boulders). Species were collected both from
limestone and lime-influenced siliceous minerals.
Both species occurring directly on the rock
surface and those growing on thin calcareous soil
were studied. Calcareous soils by lime quarries
(i.e. quarry waste soil) and calcareous boulders
were also studied. This study was mainly carried
out during the years 2002–2005, but studies were
also made earlier during the period 1990–2001.
Most of the sites were fully accessible, but inside
the Tytyri and Ojamo lime quarries some steep
walls occur that could not be studied.
Altogether c. 2000 specimens were collected.
Particularly, crustaceous lichens were intensively
collected in order to cover every locality as
accurately as possible. Specimens are or will be
deposited in H.
Some of the species reported that are new to
Finland were also found from artificial
calcareous habitats such as concrete, cement,
bricks and calcareous waste soils or from
siliceous rock. These habitats have been studied
much less intensively. Furthermore, a few sites
with exposed calcareous rock outside the Lohja
area were studied in 2004–2005, and some
lichens new to Finland were also found in these
sites. These localities are given after the finds
made in Lohja.
The species
Acrocordia conoidea
New to Finland. A. conoidea occurred on rather
shady walls of calcareous rocks and lime
quarries. The species also grows elsewhere in
shady habitats (Purvis 1992a). Perithecia were
smaller (0.2–0.4 mm) than reported in von
Keissler (1938), Purvis (1992a), and Foucard
(2001).
Specimens examined: Hermala, Pietilä, lime
quarry, on S-facing wall, 60°13'N, 23°51'E,
30.IX.2004, 25875; Ojamo, Kalkkisaari, small
lime quarry, on N-facing wall, 60°14'N, 24°01'E,
31.III.2005, 26400; Torhola, Torhola cave, on
high shady SW-facing wall of calcareous rock,
60°15'N, 23°51'E, 25.VII.2005, 27427.
Agonimia gelatinosa
New to Finland. A. gelatinosa is widely
distributed in Sweden and Norway (Santesson et
al. 2004) and has apparently been overlooked in
Finland.
Specimens examined: Ojamo, Ojamo lime quarry,
waste soil (sand and gravel), on open S-facing
slope and on bushy NW-facing slope, 60°14'N,
24°02'E,15.XI.2003, 24092, 18.IV.2005, 26564,
26565, 26567, 26577, 26607; Lohja, Tytyri, lime

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) Additions the the lichen flora of Finland 19
quarry, on soil, 60°16'N, 24°04'E, 8.XI.2003,
24017; Hermala, Kalkkimäki, 60°13'N, 23°52'E,
SW slope on thin soil among bryophytes,
15.V.2004, 24659, SE-facing c. 1 m high wall of
calcareous rock in Picea abies dominated forest,
on bryophytes, 19.VII.2004, 25131, and on semiopen
flat calcareous rock among bryophytes
1.IX.2005, 27834; Ojamo, Kalkkisaari, lime
quarry, S slope, on silty soil, 60°14'N, 24°01'E,
31.III.2005, 26403.
Agonimia globulifera
New to Finland. A. globulifera has a diminutive
thallus and is characterized by many small (70–
200 µm), black, shiny globules (Sérusiaux et al.
1999). Perithecia are rare. In Fennoscandia A.
globulifera has been previously found in Öland
(Santesson et al. 2004) and the species was also
recently recorded in Estonia (Suija et al. 2005).
Specimens examined: Skraatila, Kirkkovuori,
calcareous rock, SW-slope, on bryophytes,
scarce, 60°15'N, 23°54'E, 21.VII.2004, 25217,
det. B. J. Coppins 2006; Lohja, Pitkäniemi
industrial area, 5 m from shore of lake
Lohjanjärvi, deciduous forest, lime-influenced
quartz-feldspar gneiss rock, on W-facing wall, on
bryophytes, 60°15'N, 24°02'E, 19.VIII.2005,
27636.
Agonimia vouauxii (de Lesd.) Brand & Diederich
New to Fennoscandia. A. vouauxii usually grows
on mosses or soil. It resembles Polyblastia
agraria, but has a granulose-squamulose thallus,
subspherical perithecia and larger hyaline spores
(40–)60–72(–87) × 15–24 (–31) µm; Sérusiaux et
al. 1999). In the Lohja collection, spore size was
60–73 x 23–33 µm. The very few asci seen with
spores had three spores, which is somewhat
curious. Only few collections of A. vouauxii are
known from France, Belgium and Austria
(Sérusiaux et al. 1999), Germany (Rätzel et al.
2004), Denmark (Søchting & Alstrup 2002) and
Hong Kong (Aptroot & Seaward 1999).
Specimen examined: Hiittinen, SW exposed
calcareous rock, scarcely growing on bryophytes,
60°16'N, 24°03'E, 21.VII.2005, 27384.
Bacidina arnoldiana
New to Finland. B. arnoldiana grows on shady
calcareous rocks, on stonework and on bark of
deciduous trees (Coppins 1992, Foucard 2001).
Specimen examined: Hermala, Laakspohja, on Sfacing
wall of small calcareous rock in deciduous
herb-rich forest, 60°13'N, 23°50'E, 30.VIII.2003,
23544.
Bacidina delicata
New to Finland. B. delicata grows on deciduous
trees, calcareous rocks, concrete and stonework
(Coppins 1992, Wirth 1995). In Sweden the
species has been found growing in semi-open
forests mainly on Sambucus nigra, but also on
other deciduous trees (Arup 1999).
Specimens examined: Lohja, Kiviniemi, lime
quarry, on N-facing rock wall, scarce, 60°15'N,
24°03'E, 11.VII.2003, 23179; Lohja, gravelly soil
by building on Lohjanharju esker, on pebbles,
scarce, 60°14'N, 24°04'E, 31.X.2003, 23939.
Bacidina egenula
New to Finland. B. egenula is mainly a species of
siliceous rocks (Wirth 1995, Foucard 2001).
However, the find in Lohja was from calcareous
rock where the species was associated with e. g.
Bagliettoa baldensis.
Specimen examined: Lohja, Pohjolanmäki, on
small, flat calcareous rock, shaded by trees,
scarce, 60°15'N, 24°04'E, 24.IX.2005, 28054.
Bagliettoa baldensis
The species grew on calcareous rocks on flat,
sloping and vertical surfaces. It is a rather shadetolerant
species occurring mainly on half-shady
or shady habitats in the study sites. According to
Halda (2003), two Bagliettoa species occur in
Fennoscandia: B. baldensis has a white – grey
thallus and the size of the involucrellum is 200–

20 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007)
300 µm. B. parmigerella has a green – blue green
thallus and the size of the involucrellum is 100–
150 µm. However, in the Lohja material of B.
baldensis the involucrellum size varied between
130–300 µm. No spores were found in the
Finnish material. Apparently spore formation of
the species is rare in Finland, if it occurs at all.
Therefore, B. baldensis disperses poorly to
worked rock surface. Furthermore, other factors
such as poor establishment of the species on
worked surfaces may also be putative
explanations for the general lack of the species in
lime quarries. Only one population was found on
rock surface exposed after mining. The species
occurred c. 10–30 centimetres from the edge of
the mined rock, and probably dispersed
vegetatively to the mined rock. Because of its
poor spore formation B. baldensis has probably
clearly declined due to mining of calcareous
rocks. The overgrowth of rocks by bryophytes
may also be a problem for the species, because
populations of B. baldensis are often surrounded
by empty pits on rocks beneath bryophytes.
Specimens examined: 14 localities in Lohja, first
collection: Hermala, Tolpoonkallio, 60°13'N,
23°50'E, 18.VI.1996, 16845. Varsinais-Suomi:
Karjalohja, Niku, Pyöli, 60°12'N, 23°49'E,
6.VII.2004, 24976; Karjalohja, Karkali, E of
Karkali nature reserve, 60°14'N, 23°50'E,
19.X.2004, 26094; Nummi-Pusula, Pusula,
Kalkkimäki, 60°28'N, 24°00'E, 14.X.2004,
26033, 26039.
Type specimens of Verrucaria pycnosticta Vain.
(Vainio 1921) (Varsinais-Suomi, Särkisalo,
Kaukasalo, 1920, E. Vainio (TUR-V)) are
considered to belong to B. baldensis. They have
radiating ostioles, and they look similar to B.
baldensis. No spores were found in the type
material. According to the protologue (Vainio
1921) the size of the spores of V. pycnosticta is
6–10 × 5–6 µm and Vainio described them as
scarce and not well developed. The spore size
given by Vainio is apparently erroneous. Vainio
also assigned a specimen from Norway (1910 J.
J. Havaas, TUR-V) to V. pycnosticta. According
to Vainio's annotation label no spores were found
in the Norwegian specimen. This specimen also
belongs to B. baldensis.
Bagliettoa parmigerella (Zahlbr.) Vĕzda & Poelt
New to Finland. B. parmigerella occurs in central
and southern Europe and Asia and in
Fennoscandia it has been collected a few times
from Gotland (Halda 2003). In Lohja B.
parmigerella occurs in habitats similar to those
occupied by B. baldensis, but is a rarer species.
No spores were found in the Finnish material. In
Ojamo lime quarry only rock exposed after
mining appears to be available. However, it is
uncertain that the small population (c. 10 cm 2 ) of
B. parmigerella has originated by recent spore
dispersal. It is also possible that the species has
persisted on rock despite the mining process.
Specimens examined: Ojamo, Liessaari, on NWfacing
wall of calcareous rock, 60°14'N, 24°01'E,
22.IV.2003, 22632, 15.IV.2005, 26523; Hermala,
Kalkkimäki, on small flat calcareous rock and on
c. 0.7 m high SE-facing rock wall of calcareous
rock, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 29.VIII.2003, 23492,
19.VII.2004, 25132; Lylyinen, Sääksniemi, on
small rather flat calcareous rock, 60°15'N,
23°58'E, 16.IX.2003, 23701; Ojamo, Ojamo lime
quarry, open SW slope, very scarce, 60°14'N,
24°02'E, 15.XI.2003, 24085; Paavola,
Rautaniemi, on calcareous stones, 60°13'N,
23°54'E, 21.V.2005, 26870, 26881.
Diplotomma lutosum
New to Finland. D. lutosum is a rare species in
Fennoscandia, occurring mainly on calcareous
rock walls in open situations (Nordin 2000).
Specimen examined: Lohja, Pitkäniemi industrial
area, 5 m from shore of lake Lohjanjärvi,
deciduous forest, lime-influenced quartz-feldspar
gneissic rock, on overhanging W-facing rock
wall, 60°15'N, 24°02'E, 19.VIII.2005, 27634, det.
A. Nordin 2006.

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) Additions the the lichen flora of Finland 21
Hymenelia carnosula
New to Finland. H. carnosula was mainly found
in lime quarries and on rock cuttings of road
banks. It was only once seen on non-worked
calcareous rock, growing very sparsely on flat
calcareous rock surrounded by dry grassland. The
material collected from Lohja differs from the
description of H. carnosula by Magnusson
(1933) and Foucard (2001) in having a higher
hymenium and slightly bigger spores. The height
of the hymenium varies between 50 and 100 µm.
However, the apothecia are small (0.2 mm) and
the hymenium is I+ blue, which are diagnostic
characters of H. carnosula (Jørgensen 1989).
Specimens examined: Hermala, Kalkkimäki, on
wall of two lime quarries, 60°13'N, 23°52'E,
18.VI.2003, 23009, 29.VIII.2003, 23498; Lohja,
by the Tytyri lime processing factory, on road
cutting of calcareous rock, scarce, 60°15'N,
24°04'E, 8.XI.2003, 24008; Hermala,
Tolpoonkallio, in a lime quarry, 60°13'N,
23°50'E, 29.V.2004, 24806, 24810; Hermala,
Kyttälä, on flat calcareous rock, very scarce,
60°13'N, 23°51'E, 6.VII.2004, not collected due
to scarcity; Hermala, Pietilä, on road cutting of
calcareous rock, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 30.IX.2004,
25915; Ojamo, Ojamo lime quarry, rather
abundant, 60°14'N, 24°02'E, 6.X.2004, 25947,
25960, 26019; Lohja, Tytyri, lime quarry, on
high wall, 60°16'N, 24°04'E, 9.XI.2004, 26177;
Lehmijärvi, abandoned sand pit, on concrete
boulders, 60°16'N, 24°08'E, 6.VIII.2005, 27469,
27488.
Lecania sylvestris
New to Finland. L. sylvestris mainly grows on
shaded calcareous rocks (James & Purvis 1992).
The species has been previously found in
Fennoscandia only in Gotland in the mid-1800s
(Santesson et al. 2004). It was recently found in
Denmark (Alstrup et al. 2004).
Specimens examined: Seppälä, Mustasaari, on
calcareous rock on the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi,
scarce, 60°14'N, 23°51'E, 10.VIII.2004, 25391 &
R. Murto; Hiittinen, on N-facing road cutting of
calcareous rock, in shady microhabitat, scarce,
60°16'N, 24°03'E, 21.VII.2005, 27394.
Lecanora perpruinosa
New to Finland. L. perpruinosa may be a rather
rare, but widely distributed species in Europe
(Fröberg 1989, Poelt & Leuckert 1995). It is also
recorded from Canada (McMillan & Larson
2002). In Lohja L. perpruinosa grew on sunexposed
calcareous rocks.
Specimens examined: Hermala, Kyttälä, back
yard, on flat calcareous rock, scarce, 60°13'N,
23°51'E, 6.VII.2004, 24988, det. L. Fröberg
2006; Skraatila, Kirkkovuori, on steep SW-facing
calcareous rock, 60°15'N, 23°54'E, 21.VII.2004,
25220, det. L. Fröberg 2006; Lohja, Tytyri lime
quarry, on probably gneissic stone enriched by
calcareous dust, 60°16'N, 24°04'E, 12.VIII.2004,
25455, det. L. Fröberg 2006.
Lecanora xanthostoma
New to Finland. L. xanthostoma may have been
overlooked as a small-sized L. flotowiana. The
species is difficult to separate from L. flotowiana
and intermediates are often found (Fröberg
1997).
Specimens examined: Lohja, Tytyri, on edge of
Tytyri lime quarry, on flat rock surface, 60°16'N,
24°04'E, 20.IV.2005, 26618 & J. Rikkinen, conf.
L. Fröberg 2005; Marttila, on small calcareous
rock, 60°14'N, 23°52'E, 21.VI.2005, 27081;
Lohja, Pitkäniemi, in a lime quarry, 60°15'N,
24°03'E, 23.VIII.2005, 27724.
Lemmopsis pelodes
New to Finland. L. pelodes is a globally rare
pioneer species of rather naked calcareous soil.
The species has been found only once before in
Fennoscandia (Uppland, Sweden in 1947)
(Jørgensen & Motiejūnaité 2005). In the Tytyri
locality some other rare species of calcareous
soils occurred: Leptogium biatorinum, Thelidium
zwackhii, Verrucaria bryoctona and V. xyloxena.
In Hermala L. pelodes was accompanied by
Leptogium tenuissimum.

22 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007)
Specimens examined: Pappila, E of Tytyri lime
quarry, open quarry waste soil (c. 10 years old),
on clay soil heap, scarce, 60°16'N, 24°04'E,
27.X.2001, 21100, conf. P. M. Jørgensen 2006;
Hermala, Kalkkimäki, road cutting of calcareous
rock, on thin soil over a rock, scarce, 60°13'N,
23°51'E, 18.VI.2003, 23017, conf. P. M.
Jørgensen 2006.
Leptogium magnussonii
This species was described from Sweden and
Norway by Jørgensen (1994) from siliceous
rocks with fresh-water seepage. Later L.
magnussonii has been reported from several other
European countries: Austria (Berger 1996),
Portugal (van den Boom & Giralt 1996),
Belgium, Luxembourg, France and Germany
(Sérusiaux et al. 1999), Czech (Guttova 2000),
Bulgaria (Pisūt 2001) and Hungary (Czeika et al.
2004). In Sweden L. magnussonii mainly grows
on open, grazed, flowing water influenced rocks
(Hultengren 1999). The locality in Lohja is
situated at the edge of an arable field. The
population is just above rock cutting of a road
bank or perhaps partly on previously cut rock.
Specimen examined: Paloniemi, Luhtalahti, on
SW-facing calciferous quartz-feldspar gneissic
rock, scarce, 60°16'N, 24°01'E, 2.IX.1993,
12263, det. P. M. Jørgensen 1998.
Moelleropsis nebulosa
New to Finland. There are very few recent finds
of M. nebulosa in Fennoscandia (Ekman et al.
2000). The species is red-listed in Sweden
(Gärdenfors 2005). M. nebulosa has also
declined in the British Isles (Purvis & James
1992). No apothecia were found in the Finnish
populations, which were small. The species is
easily overlooked and probably more common
than is known at present. However, due to
eutrophication and overgrowth after
abandonment of grasslands M. nebulosa is
probably also in decline in Finland.
Specimens examined: Paavola, N of Paavola
school, small calcareous rock, on thin soil,
scarce, 60°13'N, 23°53'E, 18.VI.2005, 27040;
Marttila, calcareous rock, on thin soil, scarce,
60°14'N, 23°52'E, 21.VI.2005, 27082. Varsinais-
Suomi: Karjalohja, Pyöli, Niku, calcareous rock,
on thin soil, scarce, 60°12'N, 23°48'E,
6.VII.2004, 24982; conf. P. M. Jørgensen 2006;
Halikko, Kuttila, Päivärinne, SW slope, mesic
semi-natural grassland grazed by cattle, on
clayey soil, 60°28'N, 23°00'E, 24.VIII.2004,
25563; conf. P. M. Jørgensen 2006.
Polyblastia agraria
New to Finland. P. agraria is a rare calcicolous
species found in central and northern Europe. It
is known from Sweden (Santesson et al. 2004),
the British Isles (Swinscow 1971), Poland
(Ceynowa-Gieldon 1998), Czech (Vězda & Liskǎ
1999), Lithuania (Motiejūnaité et al. 1998) and
Denmark (Alstrup et al. 2004). P. agraria
occurred in the study area on moribund lichen or
bryophyte thalli in calcareous habitats.
Populations appeared to be small. Due to its
minute size the species is difficult to observe in
the field.
Specimens examined: Hermala, Kyttälä, flat
calcareous rock, on dead thallus of Peltigera,
60°13'N, 23°51'E, 6.VII.2004, 24984; Vappula,
N of Väinölä, on bank of Lohjanharju road,
60°13'N, 24°01'E, 30.IX.2004, within 25935,
Vezdaea acicularis (Pykälä 2006); Hermala,
Tolpoonkallio, flat calcareous rock, thin soil, on
moribund lichen thallus, scarce, 60°13'N,
23°50'E, 18.VI.2005, 27059; Skraatila,
Päiväranta SW, on calcareous rock, among
bryophytes, scarce, 60°15'N, 23°53'E,
24.VIII.2005, 27771.
Polyblastia helvetica
New to Finland. P. helvetica is a rare arcticalpine
species. It is known from the Alps
(Zschacke 1933), Carpathians (Bielczyk et al.
2004, Lisická 2005), Scotland (Swinscow 1971),
the Faroe Islands (Degelius 1982), Greenland
(Hansen 1998) and Iceland (Berger 2000). Only

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) Additions the the lichen flora of Finland 23
one previous collection from northern Norway is
known from Fennoscandia (Degelius 1982). The
find in Finland on the border of the southern and
hemiboreal vegetation zones is a considerable
range extension for this arctic-alpine species. P.
helvetica is easily recognized by having only two
very large, brown spores per ascus (Zschacke
1933, Swinscow 1971). In the Lohja collection
spore size was 75–94 × 30–37 µm.
Specimen examined: Ojamo, Ojamo lime quarry,
on open quarry waste land on stony and gravelly
soil, scarce, 60°14'N, 24°02'E, 18.IV.2005,
26594.
Polyblastia sepulta
New to Finland. P. sepulta is a calcicolous lichen
known from the central European mountains
(Zschacke 1933, Moruzi et al. 1967) and Norway
and Sweden (Santesson et al. 2004).
Specimens examined: Lohja, Tytyri lime quarry,
on flat calcareous rock, 60°16'N, 24°04'E,
20.IV.2005, 26619 & J. Rikkinen; Lohja,
Pitkäniemi, calcareous rock, 60°15'N, 24°02'E,
19.VIII.2005, on NW-facing wall, 27630, on Wfacing
wall of calcareous boulder, 27643, and on
flat rock on lakeshore, 27557.
Pseudosagedia grandis
New to Finland. P. grandis is a rare species of
wet siliceous or moderately calcareous rocks of
shady habitats (Botnen & Tønsberg 1988). It is
known from Germany, Scotland, Sweden and
Norway (Thor 1999a). The species has not been
refound in its only known Swedish locality (Thor
1999a). Perithecia of P. grandis are large (0.5–
0.8 mm). Thus, the species is rather conspicuous.
In Lohja P. grandis grew sparsely on limeinfluenced
gneissic rock a few meters from the
shore of lake Lohjanjärvi. Before the lowering of
the water table of lake Lohjanjärvi c. 150 years
ago, the site was probably situated in the littoral
zone. The small population may be of relict
occurrence.
Specimen examined: Paloniemi, Muutettavanniemi,
on small NW-facing wall of limeinfluenced
gneiss rock, very scarce, 60°15'N,
24°01'E, 28.IV.2005, 26676.
Pseudosagedia linearis
New to Finland. P. linearis is rare in
Fennoscandia, and is known in Sweden only
from Gotland and Öland (Santesson et al. 2004).
The Finnish locality was shaded by deciduous
trees. P. linearis grew on an overhanging surface
accompanied by the rare shade-demanding
bryophyte Seligeria donniana.
Specimen examined: Torhola, Torhola cave, on a
SW-facing wall of calcareous rock, scarce,
60°15'N, 23°51'E, 16.VII.2004, 25061.
Sarcogyne distinguenda
New to Finland. S. distinguenda is a rarely
collected species of calcareous rocks in Norway
and Sweden (Botnen & Tønsberg 1988, Thor
1999b) and has also been reported from Austria
(Hafellner & Türk 2001). In Norway it has been
collected once on cement (Thor 1999b).
Specimens examined: Paloniemi, Luhtalahti, road
cutting of calcareous quartz-feldspar gneissic
rock, on a SW-facing rock wall, scarce, 60°16'N,
24°01'E, 28.IV.2005, 26710; Laakspohja, W of
Lempolantie road, pine plantation, on concrete
boulder, 60°15'N, 24°06'E, 30.X. 2005, 28238.
Thelidium cataractarum
New to Finland. The species may have been
overlooked, because it is macroscopically similar
to Verrucaria muralis. The Lohja locality was
strongly enriched by calcareous dust. T.
cataractarum occurred sparsely with the more
abundant V. muralis.
Specimens examined: Lohja, by the Tytyri lime
processing factory, on a road cutting with
calcareous rock, 60°15'N, 24°04'E, 14.I.2005,
26204. Uusimaa: Helsinki, Vuosaari, Kalkkisaari,
calcareous rock by a lime quarry, on
pebble, 60°13'N, 25°11'E, 20.IX.2005, 27954.

24 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007)
Thelidium incavatum
New to Finland. T. incavatum is a species of
calcareous rocks, stones and pebbles occurring
usually close to the ground (Fröberg 1989,
Foucard 2001). In Lohja the species occurs both
on sun-exposed and shady calcareous rocks and
pebbles.
Specimens examined: Lohja, Tytyri, lime quarry,
on pebbles and on a small rock wall, 60°16'N,
24°04'E, 24.V.2003, 22861b, 8.XI.2003, 24020,
14.1.2005, 26229; Lohja, by the Tytyri lime
processing factory, on a road cutting of
calcareous rock, 60°15'N, 24°04'E, 14.I.2005,
26198; Marttila, on a small flat calcareous rock,
60°14'N, 23°52'E, 21.VI.2005, 27083; Moisio,
Lohjanharju esker, on a calcareous boulder,
60°15'N, 24°06'E, 30.X.2005, 28218, 28219.
Varsinais-Suomi: Karjalohja, Pyöli, on a very
gently SW-facing almost flat calcareous rock,
60°12'N, 23°48'E, 6.VII.2004, 24956, 24965.
Uusimaa: Helsinki, Vuosaari, Kalkkisaari, on
wall of lime quarry, and on pebbles, 60°13'N,
25°11'E, 20.IX.2005, 27934, 27944, 27956.
Thelidium olivaceum (Fr.) Körb.
New to Fennoscandia. T. olivaceum is a
circumboreal species, which is most frequent in
the central and southern European mountains
(Nimis 1993). The nearest sites to Finland are in
Latvia (Lichen flora of Latvia) and Denmark
(Søchting & Alstrup 2002). The T. olivaceum
material from Lohja has a thin, brown thallus,
small 1/4–3/4-immersed perithecia (0.15–0.3
mm), and the spores are (0–)1-septate and 15–22
× (5–)6–9 µm in size. The involucrellum often
reaches to the base of the perithecia, and the
exciple is pale. The characters of the collections
of Lohja fit well with the description of T.
olivaceum by Zschacke (1933). According to
Wirth (1995), the spores of T. olivaceum tend to
be broader: 16–22(–34) × 7–12(–14) µm.
Specimens examined: Lohja-Pappila, Tytyri, lime
quarry, on calcareous stones, 60°16'N, 24°04'E,
7.X. 2000, 20045, 24.V.2003, 22848, 22850;
Lohja, Pitkäniemi, shore of lake Lohjanjärvi,
60°15'N, 24°02'E, 19.VIII.2005, on a flat
calcareous rock, 27563, and on a NW-facing rock
wall, 27598.
Thelidium pyrenophorum
New to Finland. T. pyrenophorum is a
circumboreal species (Nimis 1993), which is
widely distributed on calcareous rocks of Sweden
and occurs in all biogeographical provinces
(Santesson et al. 2004).
Specimen examined: Ojamo, Kalkkisaari, shore
of lake Lohjanjärvi, near the top of a SW-facing
calcareous rock in a rather sun-exposed
microhabitat, 60°14'N, 24°01'E, 31.III.2005,
26415.
Thelidium zwackhii
New to Finland. T. zwackhii is a pioneer species
of calcareous soils and rocks. In Tytyri it grew on
quarry waste soil shaded by young deciduous
trees and in an open area dumped with soil c. 10
years ago.
Specimens examined: Isoteutari, Pyttberget,
dump, on calcareous soil, 60°09'N, 23°59'E,
17.VIII.2003, 23387, 23388, this locality was
destroyed in 2004; Lohja-Pappila, Tytyri lime
quarry, on quarry waste soil, 60°16'N,
24°04'E,15.V.2004, 24665, 20.IV.2005, 26621,
26775; Kirkonkylä, N of Virkkala church, in
gravel pit enriched by calciferous dust, 60°11'N,
24°00'E, 20.VII.2004, 25167; Paloniemi,
Luhtalahti, on road bank by calcareous rock,
60°16'N, 24°01'E, 28.IV.2005, 26704.
Verrucaria caerulea
New to Finland. V. caerulea is a widely
distributed species of calcareous rocks, which
was found on sun-exposed to half-shady dry
calcareous rocks and lime quarries. It was also
collected from a mortar wall and from cement.
All populations were small. In Öland the species
also occurs in shaded and moist habitats (Fröberg
1989).

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) Additions the the lichen flora of Finland 25
Specimens examined: Ten localities, first find:
Hermala, Kalkkimäki, 60°13'N, 23°51'E,
29.VIII.2003, 23471.
Verrucaria cinereoatrata
New to Finland. V. cinereoatrata occurs on
siliceous rocks on lake shores. It is known from
Sweden and Norway (Santesson et al. 2004) and
Austria (Poelt 1961). All three populations found
in this work occurred in the geolittoral zone on
the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi.
Specimens examined: Paloniemi, small island E
of Mustasaari, on iron-rich gneissic rock,
60°15'N, 24°00'E, 15.IV.2003, 22438, Skraatila,
Selkäsaaret, on calciferous gneissic rock,
60°15'N, 23°53'E, 16.VII.2003, 23252 & R.
Murto; Ojamo, Lahokallio, on slightly limeinfluenced
gneissic rock, 60°14'N, 24°00'E,
7.IV.2004, 24380.
Verrucaria devergens
New to Finland. V. devergens is a northern
species. It was first found in Russian Karelia
(Vainio 1921). Later, it has been reported from
northern Sweden (Magnusson 1952), northern
Norway (Degelius 1956, 1982), Canada
(Thomson et al. 1969) and Alaska (Thomson &
Ahti 1994). V. devergens may have been
overlooked, but it is also possible that the
localities in the Lohja district are isolated
southern outposts of the species. Some vascular
plant and bryophyte species in Finland also have
southern, isolated populations on rocky outcrops
on and by the shores of lake Lohjanjärvi (Pykälä
1992).
Specimens examined: Torhola, E of Torhola
cave, on SW-facing calcareous rock on the shore
of lake Lohjanjärvi, 60°15'N, 23°51'E,
20.IX.2004, 25688. Varsinais-Suomi: Karjalohja,
Karkali, E of Karkali nature reserve, SW-facing
calcareous rock on the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi,
on a calcareous boulder, 60°14'N, 22°50'E,
19.X.2004, 26096.
Verrucaria dolosa
New to Finland. V. dolosa is apparently
frequently overlooked in Fennoscandia. It occurs
on shadier and moister microhabitats than most
other Verrucaria species of calcareous rocks. In
Lohja it grew on the bases of vertical rock
surfaces, and on calcareous stones and pebbles,
preferably shaded by deciduous trees.
Furthermore, in Lohja V. dolosa appears to be
among the most common pyrenocarpous species
on concrete and bricks in shady habitats. V.
dolosa is usually a characteristic species having
small, almost superficial perithecia, pale exciple,
green thallus and small spores (11–17 × 5–7 µm)
(McCarthy 1988).
Specimens examined: Altogether 25 localities,
first collection: Lohja, Tytyri, 60°16'N, 24°04'E,
26.VI.2001, 20620 & K. Syrjänen.
Verrucaria floerkeana
New to Finland. V. floerkeana is a taxonomically
somewhat difficult species or species complex
(Foucard 2001). Some authors have reported it
from siliceous rocks (Hafellner & Türk 2001,
Santesson et al. 2004) and others from calcareous
rocks (Zschacke 1933, Servit 1950, Magnusson
1952).
Specimens examined: Paloniemi, Kuoppanokka,
by the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi, quartz-feldspar
gneiss rock, on the base of SW-facing rock wall,
60°15'N, 24°01'E, 15.IV.2003, 22471; Paloniemi,
Muutettavanniemi, on calciferous gneissic rock
close by the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi, 60°15'N,
24°01'E, 28.IV.2004, 26686; Torhola, Torhola
cave, on calciferous gneissic rock, 60°15'N,
23°51'E, 16.VII.2004, 25054.
Verrucaria foveolata
New to Finland. V. foveolata is one of the most
common Verrucaria species in the study sites. It
prefers half-shady calcareous rocks, and also
occurs in lime quarries. The broad species
concept concerning V. foveolata applied in the
Nordic literature (Fröberg 1989, Foucard 2001,
Santesson et al. 2004) is for the time being

26 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007)
followed pending a closer examination of the
variation of the species (but see Breuss 2002).
Specimens examined: 14 localities, first
collection: Hermala, Kalkkimäki, 60°13'N,
23°51'E, 18.VI.1996, 16818, 16826.
Verrucaria fusconigrescens
New to Finland. V. fusconigrescens is often
reported to occur on seashore rocks, but most
finds in Sweden are from wet siliceous or slightly
calcareous rocks in inland sites (Foucard 2001).
The habitat of the species in Lohja is not typical.
Specimen examined: Skraatila, Kirkkovuori, SWfacing
sun-exposed calcareous rock, 60°15'N,
23°54'E, 21.VII.2004, 25211.
Verrucaria geophila Zahlbr.
New to Fennoscandia. V. geophila is a rare
species of calcareous soils found in central and
southern Europe. The closest sites to Finland are
in Austria (Hafellner & Türk 2001) and Slovakia
(Palice et al. 2006). V. geophila is rather similar
to V. foveolata (Zschacke 1933), but the latter
species grows on calcareous rocks rather than on
soil.
Specimen examined: Hermala, Kalkkimäki, rather
sun-exposed small calcareous rock, on thin soil,
scarce, 60°13'N, 23°52'E, 18.VI.2003, 23019.
Verrucaria glauconephela
New to Finland. V. glauconephela is one of the
many poorly known Verrucaria species. It has
been reported from Hungary (Zschacke 1933),
Sweden (Magnusson 1946), Czech (Vezda &
Liskǎ 1999) and Austria (Das Land
Niederösterreich 2006). Collections from two
sites in Lohja are tentatively placed under V.
glauconephela. They resemble V. muralis, but
the spores (and asci) are smaller. The Lohja
material fits with the description of V.
glauconephela presented by Foucard (2001), but
spores were slightly broader: 11–16 × 7–9 µm.
However, Servit (1950) reported a spore size of
15–18 × 6–9 µm for the species.
Specimens examined: Ojamo, Liessaari, on NWfacing
wall of calcareous rock on the shore of
lake Lohjanjärvi, 60°14'N, 24°01'E, 22.IV.2003,
22625, 15.IV.2005, 26526, 26533; Paloniemi,
Luhtalahti, road cutting of a calciferous quartzfeldspar
gneissic rock, on a pebble, 60°16'N,
24°01'E, 28.IV.2005, 26707.
Verrucaria hochstetteri
New to Finland. V. hochstetteri is probably a rare
species, but it may occur throughout Fennoscandia.
All populations were small and appeared
on rather sun-exposed microhabitats. V. hochstetteri
may be a species occurring only on
species-rich calcareous rocks. In all localities it
was accompanied by other rare calcicolous
species.
Specimens examined: Hermala, Kalkkimäki, on
open calcareous rock, 60°13'N, 23°51'E,
29.VIII.2003, 23446; Lohja, Tytyri, on a small
rock wall on the edge of a lime quarry, 60°16'N,
24°04'E, 8.XI.2003, 24026. Varsinais-Suomi:
Karjalohja, Pyöli, Niku, on an open rather flat
SW-facing calcareous rock, 60°12'N, 23°48'E,
6.VII.2004, 24975; Karjalohja, Karkali, Karkali
nature reserve, on a small SW-facing calcareous
rock wall, 60°14'N, 23°47'E, 19.X.2004, 26136.
Verrucaria hydrela
New to Finland. V. hydrela was found in rather
shady, mesic or moist microhabitats with a
mixture of calcareous and siliceous rock. They
were mainly lime-influenced gneissic rocks and
stones, close to calcareous rocks. V. hydrela
usually occurs on siliceous rocks on lake and
river shores (Foucard 2001), and the habitats in
this study are thus abnormal.
Specimens examined: Torhola, Torhola cave, SW
slope of calciferous gneissic rock, shaded by a
stand of Ulmus laevis, 60°15'N, 23°51'E,
16.VII.2004, 25052, conf. O. Breuss 2005;
Paloniemi, Muutettavanniemi, on NW-facing
calciferous gneiss rock, 60°15'N, 24°01'E,
28.IV.2005, 26659, 26689; Kunnarla, on a small

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) Additions the the lichen flora of Finland 27
S-facing calcareous rock wall in herb-rich forest,
60°13'N, 24°04'E, 5.V.2005, 26742; Pappila,
Tytyri, by the lime quarry, herb-rich forest on the
shore of lake Lohjanjärvi, on stones, 60°16'N,
24°04'E, 7.V.2005, 26785; Marttila,
Savilahdensalmi, herb-rich forest, on a probably
lime-influenced siliceous stone, 60°14'N,
23°51'E, 21.VI.2005, 27094.
Verrucaria macrostoma
New to Finland. V. macrostoma occurs on
calcareous rocks and artificial calcareous habitats
(Hawskworth et al. 1992, Foucard 2001). It is not
rare in southern Sweden (Foucard 2001).
Specimens examined: Lohja, Tytyri, on edge of a
lime quarry, 60°16'N, 24°04'E, 24.V.2003,
22861c, 8.XI.2003, 24030.
Verrucaria maculiformis
New to Finland. V. maculiformis occurred on
various kinds of calcareous rocks both in rather
shady and sun-exposed microhabitats, perhaps
preferring half-shade. It also grew on concrete
and cement. The species was found both on
vertical and flat rock surfaces, and also in lime
quarries. It may prefer pebbles on quarry waste
land. Despite the wide variation in its habitats,
the species appears to be rare in Lohja. In
Fennoscandia V. maculiformis has previously
been found on bricks (Santesson et al. 2004).
Specimens examined: Altogether 10 localities,
first collection 1996: Hermala, Kalkkimäki,
60°13'N, 23°51'E, 18.VI.1996, 16821.
Verrucaria murina
New to Finland. V. murina has an almost
immersed grey-green-brown thallus (in the Lohja
collections clearly epilithic, but very small and
thin brown thallus), entire involucrellum, small
1/3 to almost immersed perithecia and relatively
small (14–20(–25) × 6–9(–10) µm) spores
(Hawskworth et al. 1992). The species has
previously been recorded in Fennoscandia from
Gotland (Santesson et al. 2004). Santesson et al.
(2004) suggested that V. murina might be
conspecific with V. deversa. However, V.
deversa has an inconspicuous thallus, spore
length usually exceeds 20 µm and the perithecia
tend to be larger than in V. murina.
Specimens examined: Hermala, Tolpoonkallio,
flat calcareous rock, on stones, 60°13'N, 23°51'E,
29.V.2004, 24808; Hermala, Kalkkimäki, in a
small lime quarry, 60°13'N, 23°52'E,
19.VII.2004, 25138; Pietilä, Pietilänlahti, on a Nfacing
wall of calcareous rock, 60°14'N, 23°54'E,
22.IX.2004, 25741.
Verrucaria ochrostoma (Borrer ex Leighton)
Trevisan
New to Fennoscandia. V. ochrostoma has been
found in central Europe (Wirth 1995, Bayerova
et al. 2004), England (Hawksworth et al. 1992)
and Asia (e.g. Aptroot & Seaward 1999). The
species has a pale, areolate thallus in which
perithecia are immersed (Hawksworth et al.
1992). The exciple is dark, and the involucrellum
is lacking. The spore size is 18–23 × 8–12 µm.
Specimens examined: Paloniemi, Ollisaari, on
small flat calcareous rock on the shore of lake
Lohjanjärvi, 60°15'N, 24°01'E, 17.VIII.2004,
25529 & R. Murto, V. cf. ochrostoma, det. O.
Breuss 2005 (very scarce material); Hermala,
Pietilä, on a road cutting with calcareous rock
and on pebbles, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 30.IX.2004,
25913; 25916.
Verrucaria rejecta
New to Finland. V. rejecta has small perithecia
(0.15–0.3 mm), that are half- to 3/4-immersed.
The involucrellum covers the exciple to the base,
the exciple is pale and the spores are 12–19 × (5–
)6–9 µm. The thallus is granular to small
areolate, and dark brown to black. In the lime
quarry collection, the thallus was paler brown
(medium brown) and slightly larger than in other
collections. V. rejecta is an arctic species
previously reported from Fennoscandia in
northern Sweden (Magnusson 1952) and northern
Norway (Degelius 1956). However, the present

28 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007)
finds suggest that V. rejecta may be more widely
distributed, also occurring on artificial calcareous
habitats.
Specimens examined: Paavola, Hausnummi, on
small flat calcareous rock, 60°13'N, 23°52'E,
6.VI.2005, 26958; Kirkonkylä, former Virkkala
cement factory, on cement, 60°11'N, 23°59'E,
15.VII.2005, 27324; Lohja, Pitkäniemi, shore of
lake Lohjanjärvi, on flat calcareous rock,
60°15'N, 24°02'E, 19.VIII.2005, 27550; Lohja,
Pitkäniemi, on lime quarry, 60°15'N, 24°03'E,
23.VIII.2005, 27665.
Verrucaria ruderum
New to Finland. V. ruderum has a thin white
thallus, small (0.2 mm large) immersed
perithecia, a thick apical involucrellum, a pale
exciple and large spores (23–30 × 13–18 µm;
Zschacke 1933). The species has previously been
found once in Fennoscandia, in Sweden
(Santesson et al. 2004). V. ruderum is clearly
different from any other Fennoscandian
Verrucaria species, and the few finds therefore
suggest that it is truly rare.
Specimens examined: Ojamo, Liessaari, on shore
of lake Lohjanjärvi, on a NW-facing calcareous
rock wall, scarce, 60°14'N, 24°01'E, 15.IV.2005,
26520; Moisio, Lohjanharju esker, pine forest, on
top of a calcareous stone, scarce, 60°15'N,
24°06'E, 30.X.2005, 28195.
Verrucaria schindleri
New to Finland. V. schindleri is similar to V.
muralis, but has a brown exciple (Breuss 2002).
The exciple of V. muralis often turns brown in
overmature perithecia (Breuss 2002). Thus, these
two species are difficult to separate from each
other. V. schindleri may be conspecific with V.
epilithea sensu Vainio (1921).
Specimens examined: C. 20 localities, on
calcareous rocks, lime quarries, concrete and
cement. Hermala, Kyttälä, on flat calcareous
rock, 60°13'N, 23°51'E, 6.VII.2004, 24987, det.
O. Breuss 2005.
Verrucaria transiliens (Arnold) Lettau
New to Fennoscandia. In V. transiliens, the
involucrellum surrounds the perithecium and the
epilithic thallus is brown (Breuss 2004). In the
Lohja collection spores (22–28 × 11–13 µm) are
narrower than those reported in Zschacke (1933)
and Breuss (2004), but close to the size given by
Servit (1950): 22–26 × 12–15 µm.
Specimens examined: Skraatila, Päivärinta SW,
by the shore of lake Lohjanjärvi, on a small
rather flat calcareous rock surrounded by gneissic
rocks, 60°15'N, 23°53'E, 24.VIII.2005, 27777,
27779.
Verrucaria viridula
V. viridula grew on south-facing calcareous rocks
and on south- and west-facing surfaces of lime
quarries close to unmined rocks. All populations
were small.
Specimens examined: Lohja, Kiviniemi, on a Wfacing
wall of a lime quarry, 60°15'N, 24°03'E,
11.VII.2003, 23162, the locality was destroyed in
2004 due to building; Torhola, E of Torhola
cave, on a SW-facing calcareous rock, 60°15'N,
23°52'E, 30.VII.2003, 23338; Hermala,
Kalkkimäki, in a lime quarry, 60°13'N, 23°51'E,
29.VIII.2003, 23495, 19.VII.2004, 25115;
Hermala, Pietilä, in a lime quarry, 60°13'N,
23°51'E, 30.IX.2004, 25879; Seppälä, Mustasaari,
on calcareous rock, 60°14'N, 23°51'E,
10.VIII.2004, 25394 & R. Murto; Lohja, Lindkullanmäki,
on calcareous rock, 60°15'N,
24°04'E, 18.IV.2004, 24446b.
Vezdaea retigera
New to Finland. V. retigera has previously been
reported only once in Fennoscandia, on a mortar
wall in Norway (Tønsberg 1990). The finds in
Lohja were on calcareous soil. In the British
Isles, V. retigera is usually found on lead-rich
soil (Coppins 1987, Purvis 1992b), and a Danish
find was made on Peltigera rufescens on a stone
fence (Alstrup et al. 2004).

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) Additions the the lichen flora of Finland 29
Specimens examined: Ojamo, Ojamo lime quarry,
60°14'N, 24°02'E, NW-facing slope on quarry
waste soil with young deciduous trees,
15.IV.2005, 26549, and the top of a moderately
shaded SW-facing rock wall, on soil, 18.IV.2005,
26561; Pappila, Tytyri, by the lime quarry,
deciduous forest, on a boulder, on the dead
thallus of Peltigera praetextata, 60°16'N,
24°04'E, 7.V.2005, 26791; Kukkumäki, on the N
slope of an abandoned back yard by the shore of
lake Lohjanjärvi, on rather thin secondary
calcareous soil, 60°11'N, 23°58'E, 14.V.2005,
26830.
Acknowledgements
Othmar Breuss, Brian J. Coppins, Lars Fröberg,
Per M. Jørgensen and Anders Nordin are thanked
for determining or confirming several difficult
specimens. Risto Murto arranged boat transport
to small islands with calcareous rock. Lars
Fröberg and Orvo Vitikainen provided useful
comments on the manuscript.
References
Alstrup, V., Svane, S. & Søchting, U. 2004.
Additions to the lichen flora of Denmark. VI.
Graphis Scripta 15: 45–50.
Aptroot, A. & Seaward, M. R. D. 1999.
Annotated checklist of Hongkong lichens.
Tropical Bryology 17: 57–101.
Arup, U. 1999. Bacidia delicata – mjölig lundlav.
In: Thor, G. & Arvidsson, L. (eds),
Rödlistade lavar i Sverige. Artfakta.
ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala, p. 50.
Bayerová, S., Halda, J., Liska, J. & Uhlk, P.
2004. Rhizocarpon ridescens a Verrucaria
ochrostoma – dva nové druhy lisejníku pro
Ceskou Republiku. Bryonora 33: 26–27.
Berger, F. 1996. Neue und seltene Flechten und
lichenicole Pilze aus Űberösterreich,
Österreich II. Herzogia 12: 45–84.
Berger, F. 2000. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der
Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze Islands. Acta
Botanica Islandica 13: 69–82.
Bielczyk, U., Lackovičová, A., Farkas, E. E.,
Lõkös, L., Liška, J., Breuss, O. &
Kondratyuk, S. Ya. 2004. Checklist of lichens
of the western Carpathians. W. Szafer
Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kraków.
van den Boom, P. P. G. & Giralt, M. 1996.
Contribution to the flora of Portugal. Lichens
and lichenicolous fungi I. Nova Hedwigia 63:
145–172.
Botnen, A. & Tønsberg, T. 1988. Additions to
the lichen flora of central Norway. Gunneria
58: 1–43.
Breuss, O. 2002. Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde
aus Niederösterreich und Steiermark. Linzer
Biologische Beitrage 34: 1043–1051.
Breuss, O. 2004. Neue Flechtenfunde,
vorwiegend pyrenocarper Arten, aus
Oberösterreich. Österreichische Zeitschrift
für Pilzkunde 13: 267–275.
Ceynowa-Gieldon, M. 1998. Polyblastia
gelatinosa and P. agraria – new species to
lichen flora of Poland. Acta Mycologica 33:
299–307.
Coppins, B. J. 1987. The genus Vezdaea in the
British Isles. Lichenologist 19: 167–176.
Coppins, B. J. 1992. Bacidia de Not. (1846). In:
Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawskworth,
D. L., James, P. W. & Moore, D. M. (eds),
The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland.
Natural History Museum Publications &
British Lichen Society, London, pp. 101–114.
Czeika, H., Czeika, G., Guttová, A., Farkas, E.,
Lõkös, L. & Halda, J. 2004. Phytogeographic
and taxonomic remarks on eleven species of
cyanophilic lichens from central Europe.
Preslia 76: 183–192.
Das Land Niederösterreich. 2006. Sensationelle
Flechtenfunde im Thayathal. Nationalpark
Brennpunkt der Arterfielfalt für Flechtenflora.
Press release. http://www.noe.gv.at/
presse/msg2006/2006-06-20_11-24-23.htm
Degelius, G. 1956. The lichen flora on
calcareous substrata in southern and central
Nordland (Norway). Acta Horti Gothoburgensis
20: 35–56.

30 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007)
Degelius, G. 1982. The lichen flora of the island
of Vega in Nordland, northern Norway. Acta
Regiae Societatis Scientarum et Litterarum
Gothoburgensis. Botanica 2: 1–127.
Ekman, S., Fröden, P. & Westberg, M. 2000.
Moelleropsis nebulosa rediscovered in
Sweden. Graphis Scripta 12: 15–22.
Foucard, T. 2001. Svenska skorplavar och
svampar som växer på dem. Interpublishing,
Stockholm.
Fröberg, L. 1989. The calcicolous lichens on the
Great Alvar of Öland, Sweden. Dissertation,
Lund.
Fröberg, L. 1997. Variation in the Lecanora
dispersa group in South Sweden. Symbolae
Botanicae Upsalienses 32(1): 29–34.
Gärdenfors, U. (ed.) 2005. Rödlistade arter i
Sverige 2005 – The 2005 Red List of Swedish
species. ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala.
Guttova, A. 2000. Three Leptogium species new
to central Europe. Lichenologist 32: 291–293.
Hafellner, J. & Türk, R. 2001. Die lichenisierten
Pilze Österreichs – eine Checkliste der bisher
nachgewiesenen Arten mit Verbreitungsangaben.
Stapfia 76: 1–167.
Halda, J. 2003. A taxonomic study of the
calcicolous endolithic species of the genus
Verrucaria (Ascomycetina, Verrucariales)
with the lid-like and radiately opening
involucrellum. Acta Musei Richnoviensis
sect. Natur. 10(1): 1–140.
Hansen, E. S. 1998. Notes on some new and
interesting lichens and lichenicolous fungi
from Greenland. Graphis Scripta 9: 7–9.
Hawksworth, D. L., McCarthy, P. M. & Fletcher,
A. 1992. Verrucaria Schrader (1794). In:
Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J., Hawskworth,
D. L., James, P. W. & Moore, D. M. (eds),
The lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland.
Natural History Museum Publications &
British Lichen Society, London, pp. 630–642.
Hultengren, S. 1999. Leptogium magnussonii –
kustskinnlav. In: Thor, G. & Arvidsson, L.
(eds), Rödlistade lavar i Sverige. Artfakta.
ArtDatabanken, SLU, Uppsala, pp. 211–212.
James, P. W. & Purvis, O. W. 1992. Lecania
Massal. (1853). In: Purvis, O. W., Coppins,
B. J., Hawskworth, D. L., James, P. W. &
Moore, D. M. (eds), The lichen flora of Great
Britain and Ireland. Natural History Museum
Publications & British Lichen Society,
London, pp. 285–292.
Jørgensen, P. M. 1989. Notes on the lichen genus
Ionaspis in Scandinavia. Graphis Scripta 2:
118–121.
Jørgensen, P. M. 1994. Further notes on
European taxa of the lichen genus
Leptogium, with emphasis on the small
species. Lichenologist 26: 1–29.
Jørgensen, P. M. & Motiejūnaité, J. 2005.
Lemmopsis pelodes found in Lithuania.
Graphis Scripta 17: 17–19.
Keissler, K. von 1938. Pyrenulaceae bis
Mycoporaceae. Coniocarpineae. In: Dr. L.
Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von
Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 9,
1(2): 1–846.
Lichen flora of Latvia. http://latvijas.dabalu/
saraksti/keerpji/
Lisická, E. 2005. The lichens of the Tatry
mountains. Veda, Bratislava.
Magnusson, A. H. 1933. A monograph of the
lichen genus Ionaspis. Acta Horti
Gothoburgensis 8: 1–47.
Magnusson, A. H. 1946. Lichens from Lycksele
Lappmark and adjacent part of Norway. Arkiv
för Botanik 33a(1): 1–146.
Magnusson, A. H. 1952. Lichens from Torne
Lappmark. Arkiv för Botanik, serie 2 2(2):
45–249.
McCarthy, P. 1988. New and interesting species
of Verrucaria I. Lichenologist 20: 1–10.
McMillan, M. A. & Larson, D. W. 2002. Effects
of rock climbing on the vegetation of the
Niagara escarpments in southern Ontario,
Canada. Conservation Biology 16: 389–398.
Moruzi, C., Petria, E. & Mantu, E. 1967.
Catalogul lichenilor din România. Lucratule
Grǎdina Bot. din Bucuresti, Bucuresti.
Motiejūnaité, J., Nordin, A., Zalewska, A.,
Bjelland, T., Hedenås, H., Westberg, M.,
Heidmarsson, S. & Prigodina, I. 1998.
Materials on lichens and allied fungi of

GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007) Additions the the lichen flora of Finland 31
Neringa National Park (Lithuania). Botanica
Lithuanica 4: 285–305.
Nimis, P. L. 1993. The lichens of Italy. An
annotated catalogue. Torino.
Nordin, A. 2000. Taxonomy and phylogeny of
Buellia species with pluriseptate spores
(Lecanorales, Ascomycotina). Symbolae
Botanicae Upsalienses 33: 1–117.
Palice, Z., Guttová, A. & Halda, J. P. 2006.
Lichens new for Slovakia collected in the
National Park Muránska Planina (W
Carpathians). In: Lackovičova, A., Guttová,
A., Lisická, E. & Lizoň, P. (eds), Central
European lichens – diversity and threat.
Mycotaxon Ltd, Ithaca. pp. 179–192.
Parras, K. 1954. Prospektering och geologiska
undersökningar i Lojo-området. Vuoriteollisuus
– Berghantering 2(1954): 1–4.
Parras, K. & Tavela, M. 1954. The limestone
deposits in Lohja. In: Aurola, E. (ed.), The
mines and quarries of Finland. Geoteknillisiä
julkaisuja 55: 69–74.
Pisūt, I. 2001. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Flechten
Bulgariens III. Acta Rerum Naturalium Musei
Nationalis Slovaci 47: 21–26.
Poelt, J. 1961. Mitteleuropäische Flechten VII.
Mitteilungen der botanischen Staatssammlung
München 4: 171–197.
Poelt, J. & Leuckert, C. 1995. Die Arten der
Lecanora dispersa–Gruppe (Lichenes,
Lecanoraceae) auf kalkreichen Gesteinen im
Bereich der Ostalpen – eine Vorstudie.
Bibliotheca Lichenologica 58: 289–333.
Purvis, O. W. 1992a. Acrocordia Massal. (1854).
In: Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B. J.,
Hawskworth, D. L., James, P. W. & Moore,
D. M. (eds), The lichen flora of Great Britain
and Ireland. Natural History Museum
Publications & British Lichen Society,
London, pp. 64–65.
Purvis, O. W. 1992b. Vezdaea Tsch.-Woess &
Poelt (1976). In: Purvis, O. W., Coppins, B.
J., Hawskworth, D. L., James, P. W. &
Moore, D. M. (eds), The lichen flora of Great
Britain and Ireland. Natural History Museum
Publications & British Lichen Society,
London, pp. 643–644.
Purvis, O. W. & James, P. W. 1992.
Moelleropsis Gyelnik (1940). In: Purvis, O.
W., Coppins, B. J., Hawskworth, D. L.,
James, P. W. & Moore, D. M. (eds), The
lichen flora of Great Britain and Ireland.
Natural History Museum Publications &
British Lichen Society, London, p. 388.
Pykälä, J. 1992. Länsi-Uudenmaan seutukaavaalueen
kasvistoltaan arvokkaat kalliot I–II.
Länsi-Uudenmaan seutukaavaliitto, Lohja.
Pykälä, J. 2006. Additions to the lichen flora of
Finland. Graphis Scripta 18: 41–48.
Rätzel, S., Otte, V. & Sipman, H. J. M. 2004.
Bemerkenswerte Flechtenfunde aus
Brandenburg (incl. lichenicoler und
lichenoider Pilze) IX. Verhandlungen des
Botanischen Vereins von Berlin und
Brandenburg 135: 277–281.
Santesson, R., Moberg, R., Nordin, A., Tønsberg,
T. & Vitikainen, O. 2004. Lichen-forming
and lichenicolous fungi of Fennoscandia.
Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University.
Sérusiaux, E., Diederich, P., Brand, A. M. & van
den Boom, P. 1999. New or interesting
lichens and lichenicolous fungi from Belgium
and Luxembourg. VIII. Lejeunea 162: 1–95.
Servit, M. 1950. The new lichens of the
Pyrenocarpae-Group - IV. Studia Botanica
Čechoslovaca 11: 101–144.
Söderholm, J. J. 1925. The average composition
of the earth's crust in Finland. Bulletin de la
Commission géologique de Finlande 70: 1–
20.
Suija, A., Nõmm, M. & Boch, S. 2005. New
Estonian lichens and lichenicolous fungi.
Folia Geobotanica Estonica 41: 135–136.
Søchting, U. & Alstrup, V. 2002: Danish lichen
checklist. Version 1. 2002. http://www.bi.ku.dk/lichens/dkchecklist
Swinscow, T. D V. 1971. Pyrenocarpous lichens:
15. Key to Polyblastia Massal. in the British
Isles. Lichenologist 5: 92–113.
Thomson, J. W. & Ahti T. 1994. Lichens
collected on an Alaska highway expedition
on Alaska and Canada. Bryologist 97: 138–
157.

32 Juha Pykälä GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 19 (2007)
Thomson, J. W., Scotter, G. W. & Ahti T. 1969.
Lichens of the Great Slave Lake region,
Northwest Territories, Canada. Bryologist 72:
137–177.
Thor, G. 1999a. Porina grandis – stor porina. In:
Thor, G. & Arvidsson, L. (eds), Rödlistade
lavar i Sverige. Artfakta. ArtDatabanken,
SLU, Uppsala, p. 451.
Thor, G. 1999b. Sarcogyne distinguenda –
klotsporig skifferlav. In: Thor, G. &
Arvidsson, L. (eds), Rödlistade lavar i
Sverige. Artfakta. ArtDatabanken, SLU,
Uppsala, pp. 463–464.
Tønsberg, T. 1990. Floristic notes on Norwegian
Vezdaea species. Graphis Scripta 3: 26.
Vainio, E. 1921. Lichenographica Fennica I.
Pyrenolichenes. Acta Societas pro Fauna
Flora Fennica 49(2): 1–274.
Vězda, A. & Liskǎ, J. 1999. Katalog Lisejníku
Ceské Republiky. Institute of Botany,
Pruhonice.
Wirth, V. 1995. Die Flechten Baden-
Württembergs. Teil I–II. Ulmer, Stuttgart.
Zschacke, H. 1933. Epigloeaceae, Verrucariaceae
und Dermatocarpaceae. Dr. L.
Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora von
Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 9,
1(1): 44–695.