GMPHIS SCRIPTA - Universitetet i Oslo

14 Hdkon Holien
Main threats
As most Norwegian localities for Lecanora
cinereofusca are siruated at low altitudes in
highly productive forests, the main threats to the
species are forestry and various kinds of development
including road construction and cultivation.
Because the species is exclusively found on
trunks of deciduous trees and probably require
rather high light conditions, shading from Picea
abies is probably a threat, at least locally- In
localities where Salix and Sorbus ate the most
important phorophytes the species is also threatened
by browsing from the large and increasing
population of elk and deer.
Discussion
As Lecanora cinereofusca is dependent on
mature deciduous trees, the species has probably
been more frequent in central Norway before
the invasion of Picea abies. The localities in
central Norway, where the species occurs most
abundantly, probably represent remnants of the
original forest on marine sediments.
Management of this species should, in addition
to establishing forest reserves, also involve
certain precautions in non-preserved areas. One
necessary step is to improve the portion of
deciduous trees in the new forest generation.
More important is probably to save certain key
habitats (cf. Nitare & Nor6n 1992) where
conditions ate appropriate such as stream
ravines, swamps, and edge forests along rivers
at lower altitudes. An adequate portion of the
deciduous trees should be given the opportunity
to live through their natural life span in order to
secure the populations of the epiphytic lichens.
Specimens examined (coordinates in WMBp5d:
Norway. Hordaland: Os, Nordstrsno, NW
brook ravine N of Hjortisen, 32Y KM 9776,
alt. 60-100 m, 1983 , 1984, Jorgensen (BG);
Lindis, NE of Neset, 32V LN 0628, alt. 100-
160 m, 1987, Holien 2972b (TRH) . Sogn og
Fjordane: Flora, Lykkjebovatnet, Bogane, 32V
LP 2038, alt. 200 m, 1991, Gaarder 356 (BG).
Sor-Trsndelag: Rissa, ravine W of
Hemingdalskammen, 32V NR 5773, alt. 60-100
m, L992, 1995, Holien 4922, 6486 (TRH);
GRAPHIS SCRIPTA 8 (1997)
Rissa, Storlidalen, 32Y NR 4760, alt. c. 140 m,
1995, Holien 6635 (TRH); Roan, S of
Straumsvatnet, 32W NS 6515, alt. 10-20 m,
1994, Holien 6288 (TRH); Roan, S of
Straumsvatnet by river Vesterelva, 32W NS
6514, alt. 20-40 m, 1994, Holien 6262 (TRH).
Nord-Trsndelag: Flatanger, E-facing slope by
river Lislstselva, 32W NS 9039, alt. c. 100 m,
1993, Holien 6029, 6034 (TRH); Flatanger,
NW-facing slope by river Asterelwa, 32W NS
9040, alt. c. 100 m, 1994, Holien 6109 (TRH);
Flatanger, Stordalen, 32W NS 9447, alt. 60-80
m, L995, Holien 6498 (TRH); Namsos,
Almdalen, along southern bank of river Duna,
32W PS 3465, alt. 20-40 m, 1987, Holien 3058
(TRH); Grong, E of river Namsen bY the
railway bridge, 33W UM 7254, alt. c. 30 m,
1977, Tonsberg 2426, 2427, 2433 (BG);
Fosnes, by lake Salsvatnet, Gravvika, 32W PS
2279, alt. 20-60 m, 1992, Holien 5322 (TRH).
Nordlard.' Bindal, by river Fiskaroselva, 33W
UN 7031, alt. c. 20 m, 1995, Gaarder (TRH);
Bindal, Kattindalen, 33W UN 834 376, alt. 30
m, 1996, Gaarder 1968 (TRH); Brarnoy, NEfacing
slope of Liatreia, 33W UN 8743, alt. 50-
100 m, 1992, Holien 5105 (TRH).
Acknowledgements
The field work has been supported by the Directorate
for Nature Management, Trondheim,
which is gratefully acknowledged. Thanks are
also due to herb. BG for loan of specimens, and
to Per Fredriksen, Trondheim, for taking the
habirus picture.
References
Bolognini, G. 1992: Records of Lecanora species
(lichens) from Italy. BoIl. Soc. Adriat.
Sci. Nat. Trieste 73: L5-28.
Brodo, I. M . 1976: Lichenes Canadenses Exsiccati:
Fascicle II. Bryologist 79: 385-405.
Brodo, I. M. 1984: The North American species
of the Lecanora subfusca group. Nova
Hedwigia Beih. 79: 63-185.
Brodo, I. M., Owe-Larsson, B. & Lumbsch, H.
T. 1994: The sorediate, saxicolous species
of the Lecanora subfusca group in Europe.
Nord. J. Bot. 14: 45t-461.