Letter of Intent for KEK Super B Factory Part I: Physics

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(a) (N qξ=−1 −N qξ=+1 )/(N qξ=−1 +N qξ=+1 ) 0.5 0 -0.5 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 Δt(ps) (b) S(K *0 γ) 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1 SUSY SU(5)⊕ν R (non-degenerate) S(φKs) mSUGRA tanβ=30 M gluino = 600GeV/c 2 Figure 1: (a) Time-dependent CP asymmetries in B0 → φK0 S and B0 → J/ψK0 S decays expected with one year of operation at SuperKEKB (5 ab−1 ). The world average values (as of August 2003) for the modes governed by the b → s transition are used as the input values of SφK0 = S +0.24 and AφK0 = +0.07. (b) A correlation between time-dependent CP asymmetries in S B0 → K∗0γ and B0 → φK0 S . The dots show the range in the minimal supergravity model (mSUGRA). The circle corresponds to a possible point of supersymmetric SU(5) GUT model with right-handed neutrinos. Error bars associated with the circle indicate expected errors with one year of operation at SuperKEKB. The present experimental bound of SφK0 < +0.52 S (SφK0 < +0.85) at the 2σ (3σ) level is also shown by the dashed (dot-dashed) vertical line. S η 1 0 -1 |V ub /V cb | C K M f i t t e r p a c k a g e φ 3 sin2φ 1 -1 0 1 2 Figure 2: Constraints on the CKM unitarity triangle at 50 ab −1 . 7 ρ Δm d φ 2 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation for the Higher Luminosity B Factory What are the most fundamental elements of the Universe? What is the law which governs their interactions? These are the questions that theoretical and experimental particle physicists have been working hard to answer for more than a century, and it was about thirty years ago that they reached the so-called Standard Model of elementary particles. The Standard Model contains three generations of quarks and leptons, and their interactions are mediated by gauge bosons according to the SU(3)C × SU(2)L × U(1)Y gauge field theory. Over the past thirty years the Standard Model has been confirmed by many precise experimental data. Nevertheless, there are several reasons why the Standard Model is not completely satisfactory as the theory of elementary particles. First of all, it includes too many parameters, i.e. the masses and mixing of the quarks and leptons, all of which are a priori unknown. The hierarchy of quark and lepton masses and the flavor mixing matrices suggest that some hidden mechanism occurring at a higher energy scale governs their pattern. Secondly, due to quadratically divergent radiative corrections the Higgs mass is naturally of the same order as its cutoff scale, which means that some new physics should arise not far above the electroweak scale. From the astrophysical viewpoint, it is also a serious problem that the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe cannot be explained solely by the CP violation in the Standard Model, which originates from quark flavor mixing. These observations lead us to believe that new physics exists most likely at the TeV energy scale. The most direct way to discover the new physics is to construct energy frontier machines, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) or the Global Linear Collider (GLC), to realize TeV energy scale collisions in which new heavy particles may be produced. The history of particle physics implies, however, that this is not the only way. In fact, before its discovery, the existence of the charm quark was postulated in order to explain the smallness of strangeness changing neutral currents (the Glashow-Illiopolous-Maiani (GIM) mechanism [1]). The third family of quarks and leptons was predicted by Kobayashi and Maskawa to explain the small CP violation in kaon mixing [2]. These are examples of Flavor Changing Neutral Current (FCNC) processes, with which one can investigate the effect of heavier particles appearing only in quantum loop corrections. The mechanism to suppress FCNC processes should also be present in new physics models if the new physics lies at the TeV energy scale, because otherwise such FCNC processes would violate current experimental limits. Information obtained from flavor physics experiments are thus essential to uncover the details of the physics beyond the Standard Model, even if energy frontier machines discover new particles. 8
Page 1 and 2: Letter of Intent for KEK Super B Fa
Page 3 and 4: 4 Sensitivity at SuperKEKB 66 4.1 O
Page 5 and 6: Executive Summary The grand challen
Page 7: Observable SuperKEKB LHCb (5 ab −
Page 11 and 12: e + e − B factory may be measured
Page 13 and 14: Entries/ps (N qξ=−1 −N qξ=+1
Page 15 and 16: Entries / 0.0025 GeV/c 2 30 20 10 0
Page 17 and 18: ) 2 Entries (/ MeV/c 80 70 60 50 40
Page 19 and 20: Events/(1MeV/c 2 ) 60 40 20 data to
Page 21 and 22: events / 2.5 MeV/c 2 10 5 0 10 5 0
Page 23 and 24: Table 1.6: B → Xsℓ + ℓ − br
Page 25 and 26: [2] M. Kobayashi and T. Maskawa,
Page 27 and 28: [37] A. L. Kagan and M. Neubert,
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 2 Flavor Structure of the S
Page 31 and 32: (a) (b) VudV ∗ ub φ3 VudV ∗ ub
Page 33 and 34: ¢ Figure 2.4: Tree-type W boson ex
Page 35 and 36: together with the normalization con
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Page 39 and 40: 2.5.2 Heavy Quark Expansion The inc
Page 41 and 42: FNAL ’98 JLQCD ’98 MILC ’98 C
Page 43 and 44: [8] T. Inami and C. S. Lim, “Effe
Page 45 and 46: [41] A. S. Kronfeld and J. N. Simon
Page 47 and 48: [76] S. Aoki et al. [JLQCD Collabor
Page 49 and 50: quantitatively insufficient (for a
Page 51 and 52: • Decoupling. The squarks and sle
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When sleptons are much heavier than
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constant. Furthermore, when the rig
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[23] Y. Nir and N. Seiberg, “Shou
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[56] S. Fukuda et al. [Super-Kamiok
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Chapter 4 Sensitivity at SuperKEKB
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l r interval ɛl wl ∆wl ɛ l eff
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decay mode yield eff. (%) purity(%)
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4.2 New CP -violating phase in b
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yields 1.03 ± 0.15(stat) ± 0.05(s
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Mode 5 ab −1 50 ab −1 ∆S ∆A
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A 0.75 0.5 0.25 0 -0.25 -0.5 -0.75
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Events/(10 MeV) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (d) B
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significance at 5 ab -1 15 10 5 0
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The above studies aim at providing
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effects which are encoded in the st
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Entries per 33 MeV 10 6 10 5 10 4 1
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) 2 Entries (/ MeV/c 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
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Events/(1MeV/c 2 ) 700 600 500 400
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H 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 ˜ɛ0 m H ± 10
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Events/(100MeV/c 2 ) 10 4 10 3 10 2
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mode. 98
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¦§¥ ¦§¥£ ¦§¢ ¦§£ Figu
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Table 4.9: Summary of the reconstru
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Figure 4.21: The |MM| 2 distributio
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¡ ¥ £ ¤¥¡ ¡¥ ¢ ¡ ¡
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Entries/ps (N qξ=−1 −N qξ=+1
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4.7 φ2 central value error at erro
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C.L. 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 20 40 60
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Using the notation of [69] the deca
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φ 2 error(degree) 10 1 10 -1 10 -1
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B 0 B 0 _ _ b d b _ d _ c d u _ d _
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Entries/ps 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 (a) 0 -
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process (T: color-favored tree, C:
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Figure 4.33: Search for B − → D
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M 2 Ksπ- , GeV 2 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5
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δ, deg 350 300 250 200 150 100 50
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q 2 (GeV 2 ) 30 25 20 15 10 5 reson
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Cuts on (q2 , m2 X ) G(q2 cut, mcut
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f 0,+ (q 2 ) 2.0 1.0 UKQCD APE Ferm
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120 100 80 60 40 20 ID Entries Mean
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Relative Error (%) 20 18 16 14 12 1
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Relative Error (%) 20 18 16 14 12 1
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LFV processes discussed here are ex
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For τ − → µ − (e − )η,
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cluding trigger performance. Howeve
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tanβ 100 80 60 40 20 0 current upp
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4.11 Diversity of physics at Super-
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complicated nature for sin 2 ΘW [1
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where s is the square of the center
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• The properties of these states
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N/20 MeV/c 2 30 20 10 a) 0 2.2 2.6
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Observable Belle 2003 SuperKEKB LHC
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[21] M. Ciuchini et al., Phys. Rev.
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[62] K. Abe et al. [Belle Collabora
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[95] A. K. Leibovich, I. Low and I.
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[132] M. Gronau, Y. Grossman and J.
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Chapter 5 Study of New Physics Scen
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(a) (c) S(K *0 γ) S(K *0 γ) 0.2 0
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0.2 0.6 1 1 S(K *0 γ) S(φKs) 0 -1
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0.2 0.6 1 1 S(K *0 γ) S(φKs) 0 -1
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parameters central values errors 0.
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(a) (b) (c) Figure 5.8: (a) Constra
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Figure 5.9 also show the SUSY model
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Letter of Intent for KEK Super B Factory Part I: Physics

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