Mercury Strategy for the Bay-Delta Ecosystem - CALFED Bay-Delta ...

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 limits, validation of data by third parties, and technical review of methods used for the handling, preparation, and analyses of samples. Inter-laboratory comparisons, which are particularly useful for documenting inter-laboratory precision, should be conducted annually or biannually for the duration of the project. Blind Certified Reference Materials can be used in interlaboratory comparisons to document and quantify both precision and accuracy (bias). An effective, quality-assurance program enhances the confidence of participating research teams and provides quantitative documentation of the precision, accuracy, comparability, and representativeness of the data collected. About 5 to 10 percent of the annual analytical workload in a project should be devoted to quality assurance at the programmatic level. Project level. The effort devoted to quality control and quality assurance at the project level should exceed that done at the program level. Quality control and quality assurance activities should be designed to evaluate both field and laboratory methods. Project-level procedures or material to be evaluated should include the collection, handling, preservation, and preparation of samples, as well as chemical reagents, instrumentation, analyses, and documentation. About 25 to 35 percent of the total analytical workload in a project (including field replicates and laboratory splits of samples) should be devoted to quality assurance at the project level. REFERENCES Alpers, C.N. and Hunerlach, M.P. 2000. Mercury contamination from historic gold mining in California. U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-061-00, Sacramento, California. 6 pp. Alpine, A.E. and Cloern, J.E. 1992. Trophic interactions and direct physical effects control phytoplankton biomass and production in an estuary. Limnology and Oceanography 37: 946- 955. Atwater, B.F., Conrad, S.G., Dowden, J.N., Hedel, C.W., MacDonald, R.L., and Savage, W. 1979. History, landforms, and vegetation of the estuary's tidal marshes, in San Francisco Bay: The Urbanized Estuary, Conomos, T.J. (Ed.), Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco, California, pp. 347-385. Babiarz, C.L., Hurley, J.P., Hoffman, S.R., Andrew, A.W., Shafer, M.M., and Armstrong, D.E. 2001. Partitioning of total mercury and methylmercury to the colloidal phase in freshwaters. Environmental Science and Technology 35: 4773-4782. Bennett, W.A. and Moyle, P.B. 1996. Where have all the fishes gone? Interactive factors producing fish declines in the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary, in San Francisco Bay: The Ecosystem, Hollibaugh, J.T. (Ed.), Pacific Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, San Francisco, California, pp. 519-542. Benoit, J., Gilmour, C., Heyes, A., Mason, R.P., and Miller, C. 2003. Geochemical and biological controls over methylmercury production and degradation in aquatic ecosystems, in Biogeochemistry of Environmentally Important Trace Elements, Chai, Y. and Braids, O.C. (Eds.), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp. 262-297. 31
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Benoit, J.M., Gilmour, C.C., and Mason, R.P. 2001. The influence of sulfide on solid-phase mercury bioavailability for methylation by pure cultures of Desulfobulbous propionicus (1pr3). Environmental Science and Technology 35: 127-132. Benoit, J.M., Gilmour, C.C., Mason, R.P., and Heyes, A. 1999. Sulfide controls on mercury speciation and bioavailability to methylating bacteria in sediment and pore waters. Environmental Science and Technology 33: 951–957. Benoit, J.M., Mason, R.P., and Gilmour, C.C. 1999. Estimation of mercury-sulfide speciation in sediment pore waters using octanol-water partitioning and implications for availability to methylating bacteria. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18: 2138-2141. Bloom, N.S. 1992. On the chemical form of mercury in edible fish and marine invertebrate tissue. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49: 1010-1017. Bloom, N.S. 2002. Solid-phase Hg speciation and incubation studies in or related to mine-site runoff in the Cache Creek watershed (CA). Draft Final Report to CALFED. Bodaly, D., Beaty, K., Findlay, D., Fudge, R., Hendzel, L., Jansen, W., Majewski, A., Paterson, M., Wesson, L., Hall, B., Matthews, C., St. Louis, V., Rolfhus, K., Hurley, J., Krabbenhoft, D., Mailman, M., Peech, K., Venkiteswaran, J., and Schiff, S. 2002. The Upland Flooding Experiment (Fludex), Experimental Lakes Area: Summary Report for 2001. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, Winnipeg, Canada. Bodaly, R.A. and Fudge, R.J.P. 1999. Uptake of mercury by fish in an experimental boreal reservoir. Archies of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 37: 103-109. Branfireun, B.A., Hilbert, D., and Roulet, N.T. 1998. Sinks and sources of methylmercury in a boreal catchment. Biogeochemistry 41: 277-291. CALFED Bay-Delta Program. July 2000a. Ecosystem Restoration Program Plan: Strategic Plan for Ecosystem Restoration. Final Programmatic EIS/EIR Technical Appendix, Sacramento, California. CALFED Bay-Delta Program. July 2000b. Ecosystem Restoration Program Plan. Volume II: Ecological Management Zone Visions. Final Programmatic EIS/EIR Technical Appendix, Sacramento, California. California State Department of Public Health. 1971. Mercury in the California Environment. Interagency Committee on Environmental Mercury, July 1970 - July 1971, Berkeley, California. Canuel, E.A., Cloern, J.E., Ringelberg, D.B., Guckert, J.B., and Rau, G.H. 1995. Molecular and isotopic tracers used to examine sources of organic matter and its incorporation into the food webs of San Francisco Bay. Limnology and Oceanography 40: 67-81. Cappiella, K., Malzone, C., Smith, R., and Jaffe, B. 1999. Sedimentation and bathymetry changes in Suisun Bay: 1867-1990. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-563. Carlton, J.T., Thompson, J.K., Schemel, L.E., and Nichols, F.H. 1990. Remarkable invasion of San Francisco Bay (California, USA) by the Asian clam Potamocorbula amurensis. I. Introduction and dispersal. Marine Ecology Progress Series 66: 81-94. 32
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