ICP-MS

ESAC Copenhagen
15th 15 April 2008
th April 2008
Determination of Essential, Therapeutic
and Toxic Elements and Their Compounds
in Biological Materials; Applications of
ICP ICP-MS MS iin th the Cli Clinical i l Laboratory
L b t
Ed McCurdy, ICP-MS Specialist, Agilent Technologies Ltd
ESAC April 2008

Scope
Introduction to ICP-MS for clinical sample analysis
• Requirement for elemental analysis in clinical samples
• Routine trace element monitoring
• Analysis of f toxic and harmful f elements
– Elemental screening, poisoning, radionuclides
– TToxic i organometallic t lli compounds d
ICP-MS analysis for the measurement of organic compounds
• Identification and quantification of pesticide residues
• Quantification of Chemical Warfare Agent degradation products
FForensic i Applications A li ti of f ICP ICP-MS MS
• Laser Ablation ICP-MS
• Direct Analysis of Elemental Distribution in Tissues
Page 2
ESAC April 2008

What is ICP-MS?
An inorganic (elemental) analysis technique
ICP - Inductively Coupled Plasma
MS - Mass Spectrometer
• high temperature electrical discharge,
which c decomposes, deco poses, ato atomizes es aand d ionizes o es
samples
– forms ions, so compounds not measured
directly
Page 3
• quadrupole (“quad”) mass analyzer
• mass range from 5 to 260 amu (Li to
U...)
– separates all elements in rapid
sequential scan
– isotopic information available
• ions measured using dual mode
detector
– ppt level LODs for most elements
– Calibration range up to 1000 1000’s s ppm
• Spectral interferences removed
using collision/reaction cell
ESAC April 2008

Agilent 7500cx ICP-MS System with
Collision/Reaction Cell (CRC)
Reaction Gas Inlet
High
temperature
27MHz plasma
generator
Page 4
Plasma
Low flow sample
introduction system
Multi-element interference removal by
on-axis octopole reaction cell
Off-axis
LLens
Octopole
Fast simultaneous dual
mode detector (9 orders
dynamic range)
High frequency
hyperbolic quadrupole
ESAC April 2008

Elements of Interest in Easily Extractable
Fluids (Urine, (Urine Blood Blood, Serum Serum, Plasma)
Highly toxic heavy metals
• As, Cd, Pb and Hg
Potentially toxic elements
• Al, Sb, Ba, Be, Bi, Li, Ni, Sr and Tl
Essential elements
• CCr, CCo, CCu, MMg. MMn, SSe, V and d ZZn
Page 5
Wid Wide range of f elements l t may be b measured, d including i l di
many, such as Be, As, Se, Hg, U, which are considered
“difficult” by y other techniques q
ESAC April 2008

Which Elements can be Measured Using
ICP ICP-MS? MS?
Page 6
All elements in colour can be measured
– only those elements present in the
plasma gas, 260amu, and
those which are not ionized, are
inaccessible
ESAC April 2008

Analytical Needs for Inorganic Measurements
in Clinical Laboratories
The technique must possess robust sample introduction
• To handle large sample numbers and differing matrices routinely monitored
Measurement of many elements in the same fast acquisition
• Removal of interferences
• Screening applications
Quadrupole ICP ICP-MS MS can
• Sample turnaround/productivity meet all of these criteria
• Reduced cost of analysis
Make measurements at trace levels (low detection limits) and at high
concentrations in the same acquisition q
• To reduce reruns, improve productivity and lower costs
The ability to measure element species is also provided by ICP-MS ICP MS
• Expands range of applications, and provides useful background research info
Page 7
ESAC April 2008

Collision/Reaction Cell to Remove
MMatrix-Based t i B d SSpectral t l Interferences
I t f
(ppb)
Apparent A Cr552
Concentrattion
in Blank
20
15
10
5
0
Page 8
Cr52
ClO/ClOH
(mass 52)
overlap in
HCl matrix t i
AC( ArC (mass
52) overlap
in acetic acid
matrix
ArC and ClO
overlaps in
combined
matrix
01% 0.1% 5% 5% HCl 1% 1% 200 200ppm 200 200ppm 500 500ppm Mi Mixed d
HNO3 HNO3 H2SO4 AcOH Na Ca P Matrix
Matrix Blank
Ad Advantage t of f Collision/ C lli i /
Reaction Cell ICP-MS
• Provides removal of
spectral overlaps –
allows accurate trace
element analysis in
variable high-matrix high matrix
H2 samples
He • Example shows the
NoGas removal of ClO ClO, ArC
interferences in various
matrix blanks
• He collision mode gives
reliable removal of all
polyatomic interferences
regardless of the sample
matrix composition
ESAC April 2008

Routine Analysis of Urine – Sample
Preparation and Calibration
Di Direct t analysis l i of f urine i samples l following f ll i a 1/5 or 1/10 ( (v/v) / )
dilution with deionized water and nitric acid
• No clogging of the nebulizer
• No particle deposition in the injector tube over 12 hours of analyses
Calibration using Method of Standard Additions (MSA), so
matrix-matched standards
• Standard addition calib is then converted to external calib and applied to
subsequent samples
• 5 µg/L Tb internal standard added to all sample and calibration solutions
Agilent Application Note: Rapid and reliable routine analysis of urine by Octopole Reaction Cell ICP-
MS, 5989 5989-2482EN, 2482EN, by Peter Heitland, Medical Laboratory Bremen, Germany
Page 9
ESAC April 2008

Measured and Certified Concentrations in
Urine Reference Material Lyphochek®
Page 10
Element Concentration (µg/L - ppb)
Lyphochek, yp , level 1 Lyphochek, yp , level 2
Measured
certified Measured
(n=10, (n 10, external) (n=10, (n 10, external)
certified
Cr 1.7 ± 0.2 1.2 ± 0.2 18.6 ± 2.6 20.2 ± 4.1
Co 6.6 ± 0.7 6.9 ± 1.4 18.9 ± 1.4 19.1 ± 4.2
CCu 24 ± 21 2.1 26 26.7 7 ± 54 5.4 45 ± 55 5.5 50 ± 10
Se 56 ± 5.3 49 ± 10 192 ± 17 187 ± 37
As 65 ± 6 67 ± 14 162 ± 15 163 ± 33
Cd 8.4 ± 1.1 8.6 ± 1.7 14.9 ± 1.9 15.6 ± 3.1
Sb 6.9 ± 1.1 9 ± 1.8 34.8 ± 4.4 36.9 ± 7
Tl 96± 9.6 ± 08 0.8 97± 9.7 ± 20 2.0 185 ± 17 198 ± 40
Pb 13.5±1.1 14.3 ± 2.9 68 ± 5 69 ± 14
Data: Medical Laboratory Bremen, Germany
ESAC April 2008

High Throughput Analysis of Blood Samples
using 7500ce ICP-MS ICP MS
Biomonitoring g of trace elements in human blood samples p - an important p tool
for occupational and environmental health
Goals of this study y
– Determine a high number of trace metals in blood of 130 unexposed subjects
– Develop a rapid routine method for the multi-element multi element analyses of blood using
collision/reaction cell-ICP–MS
Blood samples were collected in lithium heparin monovettes
• 500 uL of the sample was diluted with 100 uL 0.1% (v/v) Triton-X-100 solution and
500 uL of the internal standard solution
• This solution was made up to 5 mL with a 0.5% (v/v) NH 4OH solution in a 10 mL
polypropylene autosampler tube
More than 100 samples can be prepared in less than 1hour by one person
Biomonitoring of 37 trace elements in blood samples from inhabitants of northern Germany by ICP–MS, Peter
Heitland, Helmut D. Koster, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology 20 (2006) 253–262 253 262
Page 11
ESAC April 2008

Analytical Figures of Merit for Blood Analysis
Data: Peter Heitland, Helmut D. Koster, Medical Laboratory
Bremen, Germany
Page 12
Limits of quantification
q
(LOQs), calculated in
undiluted blood, range from
0 003 ug/L for 238 0.003 ug/L for Uto01ug/L
238U to 0.1 ug/L
for 69Ga Spike recoveries of 1 ug/L (10
ug/L for B, Mn and Sr; 200
ug/L for Cu and Rb) from
single element calibration
solutions are in the range g
94 -111%
ESAC April 2008

Effects of Sample Matrix on the Sample
Introduction System
Sample Cone Skimmer Cone
The standard 2.5mm injector
torch used was virtually depositfree.
The blood deposits on spray
chamber and the nebulizer block
were removed using a sodium
hypochlorite solution
Images: R. Wahlen et al., LGC Limited, UK
Page 13
Photos of the interface and
sample l iintroduction t d ti system t
after a 90-sample run (whole
blood).
Both the sampler and
skimmer cones show only
minor matrix deposits – none
at the cone tips
ESAC April 2008

Screening for Toxic and Harmful Elements
Elemental Screening of 1:10 diluted Urine (with interference removal in He mode)
Screening to identify poisons (1:10 diluted urine scan)
• Unique “Unknown” Unknown capability element of spiked ICP-MS into to acquire urine sample a scan across the entire mass range in
about 2 minutes, screening elements from 1000’s ppm to sub-ppb levels
1 .0 E 5
5 .0 E 4
[1 ] S p e c tru m N o .1 [ [ 1 8 1 .5 32 1 5 s e c ]:0 0 24 S M P L .D # / T u n e # 1 [C P S ] [L in e a r]
Li
C Na
Mg
Ca C
a
Cu
Fe
Zn
Rb
Mo
Br
Sr I
Sb Cs Cs Ba
As Sn
“Unknown” element
m m / z-> > 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 4 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 6 66 0 0 00
7 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 1 1 1 0 0 1 2 2 0 0 1 3 3 0 0 1 4 4 0 0 1 5 5 0 0 1 6 6 0 0 1 7 7 0 0 1 8 8 0 0 1 9 9 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
1 1 0 0 2 2 2 0 0 2 3 3 0 0 2 4 4 0 0 2 5 5 0 0 2 6 6 0
0
Page 14
Pb
ESAC April 2008

Analysis of Toxic and Harmful Elements
Screening to identify poisons (1:10 diluted urine scan)
• Confirmation (from isotopic template) of presence of Thallium (2ppb spike)
– Can be quantified (semiquant) by reference to known concentration element
– Note 210Po would also be seen in this mass region of the screening acquisition
Page 15
1.0E5
5.0E4
[1 ] S p e c tru m N o .1 [ 1 7 5 .1 1 8 s e c ]:0 005SMPL.D# 3 S M P L .D / T/ u n e # 1 [C P S ] [L in e a r]
203 Tl
205 Tl
Tl
208 Pb
Alexander Litvinenko - poisoning
210 Po
m/z m/z- > 194 196 198 200 202 204 204
206 208 210 212 214 216
Pb
ESAC April 2008

Measurement of Radionuclides
Radionuclides are typically easily
ionized and the spectrum is free
from overlaps and
backgrounds, so LOD’s in the pg/L
(ppq) range are achieved
Page 16
Scan of 1ppt 237Np standard, showing high
sensitivity and low random
background g
Left: Calibration for
radionuclides is easily
achieved at sub ng/L (ppt)
levels, even with standard
sample p introduction ( (U
used for illustration)
ESAC April 2008

Radionuclide Analysis – Quantification and
Isotope Ratio Measurement
Very high sensitivity and low
background g for 10ppt U in 1:10
diluted urine
~1.2 million cps/ppb U
Natural U spike, so 235 U (0.72%
abundance) concentration was
72ppq
ICP-MS also provides isotopic
information, so U isotopic pattern
(isotope ratio) can be used to identify
source of contamination
N t l 0 72% 235 • Natural = 0.72% U 235U • Waste depleted = 0.2 - 0.4% 235U • Pile depleted 0 6% 235 • Pile depleted ~0.6% U 235U • Enriched >0.72% 235U Page 17
2.0E4
1.0E4
[1] Spectrum No.1 [ 115.786 sec]:10Urine.d / Tune #1 [CPS] [Linear]
238U (99.27%) ( )
235 U (0.72%)
m/z-> 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242
U
ESAC April 2008

Toxic Elemental Forms or “Species”
For many elements, the level of toxicity is highly dependent on the chemical
form of the element, so separation (chromatography) is required
Page 18
LC
CE
GC Laser Ablation
%
100
80
60
40
20
0
72 7
Optional
Conventional
Detector(s)
– e.g. ESI ESI-MS MS
1004
139.0
1336
144.1
160.1
174.1
1668
203.1
2000
2332
m/z
258.9
2664
276.9
282.1
2996
3228
3660
ICP-MS
31 P
Respo onse (CPS)
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1
2
3
4
5 6
7 8
9
10
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (min)
ESAC April 2008

Example: LC-ICP-MS for As Speciation
Courtesy Ute Kohlmeyer GALAB, Germany
Page 19
Toxic! Many As species
exist – the
inorganic As
species are known
Less-Toxic Less Toxic to be toxic and
most organic
species are
Non-Toxic relatively l i l hharmless l
to humans.
?
The potential
toxicity of some
species, such as
th the hhuge variety i t of f
arsenosugars, has
not yet been
established.
ESAC April 2008

Chromatogram of As Standard (1.0 µg/L each)
A new column has been developed to provide routine separation of the 5 most
common As species in urine:
( )
Column G3288-80000 (4.6 x 250 mm) Agilent g Application pp Note: Routine
Guard Column G3154-65002
Analysis of Toxic Arsenic Species in Urine
Using HPLC with ICP-MS, 5989-
Mobile Phase (Basic):
5505EN, by Tetsushi Sakai and Steven
Wilbur, Agilent Technologies
2 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS)
pH 11.0 adjusted with NaOH
02mMEDTA
0.2 mM EDTA
10 mM, CH3COONa 3.0 mM NaNO3 1% ethanol
Page 20
ESAC April 2008

Determination of Organo-As Species
Using HPLC with ESI-MS & ICP-MS
ICP ICP-MS MS
Agilent 7500
7500
15 %
HPLC
Agilent
1100
85 %
ESI ESI-MS MS
Agilent 1100
1100
Elemental specific detection Molecular specific specific detection
Single HPLC System with controlled split to provide sample flow to ESI-MS and ICP-MS. Provides
simultaneous measurement of As-containing compounds and As concentration (ICP-MS) and
concentration/structural information on the organic part of the As compounds (ESI-MS) (ESI MS)
Courtesy Jörg Feldmann et al, Aberdeen Univ.
Page Page 21 21
ESAC April 2008

Separation and Identification of Organo-
Arsenic Species
pH 5.3
ICP-MS
ESI-MS
Intensityy
PPeak k11
Peak 2
Peak 3
ICP-MS m/z 75
m/z 167
m/z 139
m/z 277
m/z / 259 2 9
m/z 181
m/z 361
m/z 91
0 500
Retention time (s)
1000
Chromatograms (above) for ICP-MS ICP MS
measurement of As (mass 75) and ESI-
MS of various indicator masses. Mass
spectra (ESI-MS) for the 3 peaks show
characteristic fragmentation patterns
for the identified species – DMAE, DMA
and (maybe) DMAA
Hansen et al. J Anal At. Spectrom, 18, 474
Page Page 22 22
%
%
120
100
100 120
80
[M+H]
139.0
100
144.1 276.9
60
160.1 258 9
80
+
[2M+H] +
60
258.9
174.1 [2M-H2O] +
40
20
0
72
104
136
168
203.1
200
232
80
60
40
20
0
84
94.9 116.1
108
[M+H]
167.0
+
132
155.1
156
DMAE
Peak 1 (B)
191 191.1 1
213.1
229.0
173.1
180
204
m/z
DMA DMAA?
Peak 2 (C ) Peak 3 (D)
264
282.1
296
328
360
%
60
40
20
0
72
105
[M+H]
181.0
+
144.1
138
171
204
237
228
270
252
155.1
163.1
214.2 302.0
m/z m/z
276
300
[2M+H]
361.0
+
303
336
369
ESAC April 2008

Which Elements can be Measured Using ICP-
MS?
Page 23
ICP-MS can also measure non-metals
used in highly toxic compounds compounds, such
as pesticides and chemical warfare
agents, provided the backgrounds can
be controlled – e.g. using GC-ICP-MS
ESAC April 2008

Agilent GC-ICP-MS Interface
GC-ICP-MS System used:
ICP-MS: Agilent 7500
GC: Agilent 6890
Interface: Agilent G3158A
Courtesy Raimund Wahlen, LGC Teddington
Page 24
Fully heated and insulated GC transfer line
Modified torch with heated injector replaces
standard demountable torch
“Silicosteel” transfer line and injector liner
for inertness
GC effluent injected directly into base of
plasma l
Very high transport efficiency, high plasma
temperature (no water vapour/aerosol) and
no solvent-based interferences
High g pplasma temperature p means elemental
response is high, even for poorly ionized
elements.
Also, elemental response is independent of
compound, so compound independent
calibration (CIC) ( ) is ppossible
ESAC April 2008

Pesticide Analysis by GC-ICP-MS
Single ion chromatograms for C, P and S
(right) and Cl, Br and I (below), extracted
from multi-element GC-ICP-MS acquisition
Low backgrounds (due to absence of
solvent) and good ionization (due to high
temperature of “dry” dry plasma) plasma), leads to
excellent signal to background and low LOD
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
400000
300000
Chl Chlorine i
Ion 35.00 (34.70 to 35.70): CICCAL3.D
8000000
6000000
4000000
2000000
300 3.00 400 4.00 500 5.00 600 6.00 700 7.00 800 8.00 900 9.00 10 10.00 00 11 11.00 00 12 12.00 00 13 13.00 00
Bromine
Ion 79.00 (78.70 to 79.70): CICCAL3.D
3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
Iodine
Ion 127.00 (126.70 to 127.70): CICCAL3.D
Carbon
IIon 12.00 12 00 (11 (11.70 70 tto 12 12.70): 70) CICCAL3 CICCAL3.DD
0
3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
Ion 31.00 (30.70 to 31.70): CICCAL3.D
Phosphorus
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
Ion 34.00 (33.70 to 34.70): CICCAL3.D
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
Sulphur
0
3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
Compound p Conc (pg/uL (pg - ppb) pp ) Calib Elements Elemental %
Dichlobenil 610 Cl 41.3
2,4,6-TBA 287 Br 72.5
Ethoprop 39 P, S 12.8, 26.4
DBOB 100 Br 35 35.1 1
Phorate 210 P, S 11.9, 36.9
PCNB 169 Cl 60.1
Terbufos 745 P, S 10.8, 33.3
200000 Diazinon 976 PP, S 10 10.2, 2 10 10.5 5
100000
Malathion 107 P, S 9.37, 19.4
0
3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 13.00
Dursban 569 Cl, P, S 30.3, 8.82, 9.15
Table (right) shows components, concentrations and
elemental l t l weight i ht % in i 1/10 diluted dil t d CIC pesticide ti id mix.
i
Page 25
Ioxynil (methyl ester) 50 I 66
TPP 158 P 50 50.3 3
ESAC April 2008

CIC - Sulphur in Pesticide Mix
Sulphur elemental response is independent of the compound
Area
Page 26
900000
800000
700000
600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
100000
0
R 2 R = 0.9996
Malathion
Ethoprop
Sulphur Response
Phorate
Dursban
Di Diazinon i
Compound
Terbufos
Compound
Concentration RT S conc
S
pg/uL (min) (ppb) response
Ethoprop 385 6.4 101.64 23544
Phorate 2102 7.01 775.64 261462
Terbufos 7454 7.87 2280.92 785089
Diazinon 9755 8.1 1024.28 360585
Malathion 1072 9.75 207.97 62313
Dursban 5690 9.94 597.45 197738
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Concentration (ppb) Pesticide compound LoD’s
typically single ppb or sub-ppb
ESAC April 2008

Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Regulation
• Chemical Weapons Convention of January 1993
• Enforcement began April 1997
• August 24 th , 2006; Meeting of 180 countries (representing 98% of World
Population) which are members of the OPCW.
• OOrganization i i ffor the h PProhibition hibi i of f Ch Chemical i l WWeapons
• ~70,000 Metric Tons of Chemical Weapons Declared (24/8/2006)
• ~14,000 Metric Tons Destroyed (24/8/2006)
• 2006 Budget
•$96 Million
From Doug Richardson, Univ Cincinnati
Page 27
"Determined for the sake of all
mankind, to exclude completely
the possibility of the use of
chemical weapons..."
ESAC April 2008

Chemical Warfare Agent Analysis by ICP-MS
H 3
Ner ve Agent s
C
G-Type V-Type
O
P
O C H
O C H
F H C
H 3
CH 3
CH 3
Soman (GD)
CH 3
H 3
C
O
P
F
O C
H
Sarin (GB)
CH 3
CH 3
O
O
P
N
CN
H C 3
O
P
F
O
N
TAbun (GA) Cycl osar in (GF)
VX
31 P Selective Detection
All these agents contain a P atom, so ICP-MS
can be used to identify and quantify the
concentration of agent, g , based on the
consistent (compound independent) response
for 31P. Nerve agents mostly decompose in the
environment to MPA (via EMPA, IMPA, CMPA…)
From Doug Richardson, Univ Cincinnati
Page 28
O
O
H C P O CH CH 3 2 3 C P
S
H 3
S
N
O
CH 3
CH 3
Russian VX (RVX)
ESAC April 2008

31 P
Respponse
(CPSS)
CWA Analysis in Natural Samples by LC-ICP-MS
Right: Standards
Below: Unspiked and spiked
Apple Juice
Column: Hamilton PRP-X100
Anion Exchange g
31 P
Respo onse (CPS)
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
30000 2 10000
20000
10000
0
1
3
4
5 6
5000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (min)
From Doug Richardson, Univ Cincinnati
Page 29
0
1
2 4
3
7 8
6 9
5
7 8
9
0 5 10 15 20 25
10
Apple Juice
+ Spike (3ppm)
Apple Juice
Time (min)
10
Elution Order
1. MPA
2. H 2PO 4 -
2 4
3. EPA
4. DMHP
5. PPA
6. EMPA
7. IMPA
8. DEHP
9. IPHEP
10. IBHMP
ESAC April 2008

Forensic Applications of ICP-MS –
Glass Fragment Analysis
Almost any solid fragment collected from a suspect individual or location may be
suitable for analysis using laser ablation ICP-MS – sample size as small as 50um
diameter can be measured routinely
Images courtesy of New Wave Research
Glass samples can be analysed using simple
screening scan (qualitative or semi-quantitative) or
calibrated lib t d against i t well-characterized ll h t i d reference f
glasses. NIST 600 series Trace Elements in Glass
– eg NIST 612 ~ 50ppm
ESAC April 2008

Trace Element Distribution Patterns (sum
tto 100%) – SSynthetic th ti Glass Gl and d Unknown U k Samples S l
Data courtesy of New Wave Research
Page 31
ESAC April 2008

Analysis of Bic Black Pen Inks
15 black Bic pen inks
different sources
analyzed in triplicate
24 elements / 26 isotopes
105 comparisons taken as pairs
Non-ablated Ink
86/105 (82%) pairs were discriminated by Pb
Of 19 remaining, 17 pairs were discriminated by Co
Of 2 remaining, 1 pair was discriminated by Ba
Both Zn and Cu have similar discriminating power to Co
Only 1 pair (

Eight Bic Black Pen Inks
25.000
20.000
15.000
10 10.000 000
5.000
0.000
01 Bic
Mean
02 Bic
Mean
03 Bic
Mean
Unknown #2b is 02 Bic
(high W and low Mo)
Unknown #8b is 08 Bic
(High Pb and low W)
04 Bic
Mean
Data courtesy of FBI Academy
Page 33
05 Bic
Mean
06 Bic
Mean
07 Bic
Mean
08 Bic
Mean
Unk (#2b) Unk (#8b)
Al/Cu
Pb
W/Mo
Mo/Co
Zn/Ba
ESAC April 2008

Metal Imaging Mass Spectrometry
( (MIMS) S)
Slice frozen tissue, e.g. brain
Page 34
10 µm tissue sections
LA-ICP-MS
Image reconstruction Raster Laser
Images courtesy of Dominic Hare, UTS
DData t acquisition i iti
ESAC April 2008

MIMS maps of various elements in brain section
of Parkinson Parkinson’ss disease rat model system
Intact side of
brain
EM
56 Fe
Lesion side of brain
(Parkinson-like)
Images courtesy of Dominic Hare, UTS
Page Page 35 35
Intensity increases from blue – green – yellow – red
31 P
57 Fe
ESAC April 2008

Conclusions
ICP-MS offers a unique combination of:
Wide elemental coverage (almost all elements can be measured)
Low limits of detection (typically 10’s 10 s ppq for easily ionized elements)
Wide dynamic range (from sub-ppt to 1000’s ppm)
Very rapid analysis (