PDF (7.1 MB) - Chandra X-ray Observatory
PDF (7.1 MB) - Chandra X-ray Observatory
PDF (7.1 MB) - Chandra X-ray Observatory
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
Title<br />
The <strong>Chandra</strong> X-Ray XX-Ray<br />
Ray<br />
<strong>Observatory</strong>: The<br />
Past, the Present,<br />
and the Future<br />
Wednesday, January 12, 2005<br />
• Martin C. Weisskopf<br />
• Harvey Tananbaum<br />
CHANDRA
SO<br />
O MANY<br />
ANY PEOPLE<br />
EOPLE – THE FIRST SWG<br />
• R. Giacconi – Chairman<br />
• M. Weisskopf – Vice Chairman<br />
• A. Opp (NASA HQ) – Ex Officio<br />
– E. Boldt (GSFC) S. Bowyer (UCB)<br />
– G. Clark (MIT) A. Davidsen (JHU)<br />
– G. Garmire (CIT) B. Kraushaar (Wisc)<br />
– R. Novick (Columbia) S. Shulman (NRL)<br />
– H. Tananbaum (SAO) A. Walker (Stanford)<br />
– K. Pounds (Leicester) J. Truemper (MPE)<br />
CHANDRA
SO<br />
O MANY<br />
ANY PEOPLE<br />
EOPLE<br />
CHANDRA
1976<br />
THE<br />
HE FORMAL<br />
ORMAL BEGINNING<br />
EGINNING - 1976<br />
CHANDRA
1963<br />
THE<br />
HE REAL<br />
EAL BEGINNING<br />
EGINNING - 1963<br />
CHANDRA
THE<br />
HE OPTICS<br />
PTICS<br />
VETA (1991)<br />
TMA 1 (1985) &<br />
2 (1989)<br />
CHANDRA
THE<br />
HE OPTICS<br />
PTICS – FLIGHT SYSTEM<br />
CHANDRA
THE<br />
HE OPTICS<br />
PTICS<br />
CHANDRA
LAUNCH<br />
AUNCH<br />
Mon/Tue July 19/20<br />
Sensor spike - hydrogen in<br />
the engine compartment<br />
Wed/Thurs Wed/Thurs July 21/22<br />
Lightning in the vicinity<br />
Thurs/Fri Thurs/Fri July 22/23<br />
Launch!<br />
CHANDRA
FIRST<br />
IRST LIGHT<br />
IGHT<br />
CHANDRA
CASSIOPEIA<br />
ASSIOPEIA A<br />
Hwang et al. 2004<br />
Tananbaum et al. 1999<br />
CHANDRA
THE HE REAL<br />
EAL FIRST<br />
IRST LIGHT<br />
IGHT - “LEON X-1” XX-1”<br />
1”<br />
THE<br />
Weisskopf et al. 2005<br />
CHANDRA
SOLAR<br />
OLAR SYSTEM<br />
YSTEM OBJECTS<br />
BJECTS<br />
Jupiter<br />
& its moons<br />
Gladstone et al. 2002<br />
Elsner et al. 2002<br />
Earth’s Moon<br />
Optical: Gendler;<br />
X-<strong>ray</strong>: J.Drake et al.<br />
CHANDRA
19’<br />
30 DORADUS DDORADUS<br />
ORADUS<br />
B. Brandl, L. Townsley, et al. 2005<br />
CHANDRA
CRAB<br />
RAB NEBULA<br />
EBULA<br />
Weisskopf et al. 2000; Hester et al. 2002<br />
CHANDRA
CRAB<br />
RAB NEBULA<br />
EBULA<br />
Weisskopf et al. 2000; Hester et al. 2002<br />
CHANDRA
VELA<br />
ELA PULSAR<br />
ULSAR<br />
Pavlov et al. 2003<br />
CHANDRA
THE HE PUZZLING<br />
UZZLING CASE<br />
ASE OF RX J1856.5-3754<br />
J1856.5 J1856.5-3754 3754<br />
THE<br />
Burwitz et al. 2003<br />
CHANDRA
CIRCINUS<br />
IRCINUS X-1<br />
Brandt & Schulz 2000; Schulz & Brandt 2002<br />
CHANDRA
VELA<br />
ELA X-1<br />
M.Sako<br />
CHANDRA
SS 433<br />
6.5’’<br />
Marshall, Canizares, and Schulz 2002, Migliari et al. 2002, Lopez et al. 2005<br />
CHANDRA
GLOBULAR<br />
LOBULAR CLUSTERS<br />
LUSTERS – 47 TUC<br />
UC<br />
2.5’<br />
Heinke et al. 2005<br />
CHANDRA
48’<br />
GALACTIC<br />
ALACTIC CENTER<br />
ENTER -1-<br />
Wang et al. 2002<br />
CHANDRA
GALACTIC<br />
ALACTIC CENTER<br />
ENTER -2-<br />
8.4’<br />
Baganoff et al. 2003<br />
CHANDRA
GALACTIC<br />
ALACTIC CENTER<br />
ENTER -zoom zoom in- in in-<br />
8.4’<br />
Baganoff et al. 2003<br />
CHANDRA
HRC IMAGE OF<br />
HRC<br />
IMAGE MAGE OF NUCLEAR<br />
UCLEAR REGION EGION OF M31<br />
Garcia et al. 2004<br />
CHANDRA
SPIRAL PIRAL & ELLIPTICAL<br />
LLIPTICAL GALAXIES<br />
ALAXIES<br />
NGC 4631 NGC 4697<br />
D. Wang et al. 2001<br />
Sarazin et al. 2002<br />
CHANDRA
THE<br />
HE ANTENNAE<br />
NTENNAE<br />
Fabbiano et al. 2004<br />
Red = Fe<br />
Green = Mg<br />
Blue = Si<br />
CHANDRA
NGC 6240<br />
Komossa et al. 2002<br />
CHANDRA
NGC 6240<br />
Komossa et al. 2002<br />
CHANDRA
NGC 6240<br />
CHANDRA
JETS<br />
ETS<br />
M87 GB 1508+5714<br />
Jet at Redshift 4.3<br />
Forman et al. 2004<br />
Siemiginowska et al. 2003<br />
CHANDRA
CHANDRA<br />
HANDRA DEEP<br />
EEP FIELD<br />
IELD NORTH<br />
ORTH<br />
Brandt, Garmire et al. 2003<br />
CHANDRA
Optical-X-<strong>ray</strong> Optical Optical-X-<strong>ray</strong> <strong>ray</strong> Brightness for <strong>Chandra</strong> Deep Field Sources<br />
Brandt & Hasinger 2004<br />
CHANDRA
Optical-X-<strong>ray</strong> Optical Optical-X-<strong>ray</strong> <strong>ray</strong> Brightness for ChaMP Sources<br />
Silverman et al. 2004<br />
CHANDRA
CHANDRA<br />
HANDRA (and XMM-Newton)<br />
XMM XMM-Newton) ewton) View iew of AGNs AGN AGNs<br />
• Black Hole finding machines: x-<strong>ray</strong>s pass through gas and dust<br />
- Brandt & Hasinger, Barger et al, Silverman et al, & others<br />
• AGN sky density ~ 7000 per sq deg for CDFs<br />
• Faint x-<strong>ray</strong> sources diverse - BLAGN, NELG, ALG<br />
• No longer simply<br />
Type 1 = broad lines, blue colors, & unobscured<br />
Type 2 = narrow lines, red colors, & obscured<br />
- Some BLAGN show x-<strong>ray</strong> absorption<br />
- Some NELG and red BLAGN (2MASS) not absorbed<br />
- Optically dull galaxies (Elvis 1981) reincarnated as XBONGs,<br />
with no hint from opt lines & colors. L x as high as 10 44<br />
- More absorbed objects (10 23 -10 24 ) detectable above 5 keV?<br />
CHANDRA
CHANDRA<br />
HANDRA (and XMM-Newton)<br />
XMM XMM-Newton) ewton) View iew of AGNs AGN AGNs<br />
• S<strong>MB</strong>H grow in "anti-hierarchical" way<br />
Most massive (10 7 .5 - 10 9 M o ) form early and feed often<br />
- More frequent mergers and more gas available at high z<br />
- High luminosity, BLAGN, & numbers peak at z ~2.5<br />
More moderate (10 6 -10 7 .5 M o ) form later and grow more slowly<br />
- Less luminous (~100x) & numbers peak at z ~1<br />
• Relevant factors<br />
History of host galaxy, growth of S<strong>MB</strong>H, & gas supply<br />
(In)efficiency of radiation processes – impact on M BH from L x<br />
Roles of jets as well as accretion disk<br />
Presence of obscuring torus and viewing geometry<br />
CHANDRA
CHANDRA<br />
HANDRA (and XMM-Newton)<br />
XMM XMM-Newton) ewton) View iew of AGNs AGN AGNs<br />
• Relativistically broadened Fe lines (XMM - Streblyanska et al.)<br />
Detected in summed spectra for both BLAGN and NELG<br />
Average abundances 3 times solar<br />
Analyze infalling gas and track black hole spin versus z<br />
CHANDRA
SEARCHING<br />
EARCHING FOR MISSING<br />
ISSING BARYONS<br />
ARYONS IN THE WHIM<br />
Mkn 421<br />
Nicastro et al. 2004<br />
CHANDRA
MS 0735.6+7421<br />
McNamara et al. 2005<br />
CHANDRA
CHANDRA<br />
HANDRA OBSERVATIONS<br />
BSERVATIONS OF CLUSTERS<br />
LUSTERS TO STUDY<br />
TUDY<br />
DARK<br />
ARK MATTER<br />
ATTER & DARK DDARK<br />
ARK ENERGY<br />
NERGY<br />
z=0.08<br />
z=0.31<br />
z=0.78<br />
Allen et al. 2004<br />
CHANDRA
RATIO<br />
ATIO OF BARYONIC<br />
ARYONIC TO DARK<br />
ARK MATTER<br />
ATTER VS REDSHIFT<br />
EDSHIFT<br />
SCDM Cosmology CDM Cosmology<br />
V<br />
Allen et al. 2004<br />
CHANDRA
DARK<br />
ARK MATTER<br />
ATTER & DARK<br />
ARK ENERGY<br />
NERGY PARAMETERS<br />
ARAMETERS<br />
Allen et al. 2004<br />
CHANDRA
X-RAY<br />
RAY ASTRONOMY<br />
STRONOMY ROADMAP<br />
OADMAP<br />
<strong>Chandra</strong><br />
XMM-Newton<br />
Astro-E2<br />
0.1-0.35 m 2<br />
0.5-90 arc sec<br />
Constellation-X<br />
20-100 times<br />
increased sensitivity<br />
for spectroscopy<br />
3 m 2<br />
5-15 arc sec<br />
Constellation-X endorsed by NAS McKee-<br />
Taylor Survey & Q2C report as high priority<br />
mission for this decade<br />
Black Hole<br />
Event horizon<br />
First Clusters<br />
of Galaxies<br />
First Black Holes<br />
& Galaxies<br />
MAXIM<br />
10 Million times<br />
finer MAXIM imaging<br />
0.1-1.0 m 2<br />
0.1 micro arc sec<br />
Generation-X<br />
1000 times deeper<br />
X-<strong>ray</strong> imaging<br />
50-150 m 2<br />
0.1-1 arc sec<br />
CHANDRA
CHANDRA
Change language