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28S inac>. 3 larval partsiloiil of Drosophilidae. Netherlands Journal of Zoology 52; 232-:bO. Alphen. J. J. M. van & I. Thunntssen. 1983. HOM selection and sex allocation bv PuLhwirpuiJeus vindrmiaf Rondani (Piernmalidoe) as a facultative hyperparaMtoid of Asotstra uibida Nees l Broconidac: Alyîinae f and L^piopiimti heierutotrut iCvnipoidea; Eucoilidae». Netherlands Journal of Zoology 33: 497-514. Alphen, J. J. M. van SL M. E. Visxer. 1990. Supcrpofositism as an adaptive strategy for insect porasitoids. Annual Review of Entomolofy 35: 59-79 Alphcn. J J. M. van. M. E. VKscr Jk H. W Nell. 1992- Adaptive superparasitism and patch time allocation in solitary para- Hitoids; searching in groups vs sequential patch visits. Functional Ecology 6: 528-535- Aluja. M. E F. Bolter. 1992. Host marking phefomone of Rhaôittts crnut: foraging behavior m rt>pomc (o ^ymheiic phcromonal isomers. Journal ot Chemical Ecology >8; t299> 1311 AIujx M.. J. Pinero. I. Jôme. F Dta£-Ret.scher & J Siviaski. 1999. Behavior of fruit rties tn the genus Anu-Urepha iTrypetinoc Tovofrypanimi. In; M. Alu|a & A. L Noabom leds). Fruit Ries iTephntidaer Phylogeny and Evolution of Behavior CRC Pro.s. Boca Raton, pp 375—^06. Arthur. A. P. J. E. R- Stoiner & A. L. Tumbull. I9M The interaction bcr\fcccn Onfiius ttbscumrur (Ness) (Hymenoptera. Broconidae) and Temelucha interrupier iGrav.) iHymenoptera; IchneumonidaeL parasites of the pine shoot moth. Rhvacianiu butfiuma (SchtfT.i
CUCN. In: J. C. Choc & B. J. Cropi icdsi. The Evolution ot'StKiul Behavior in IaM»:Ls arui AruchniUs. University Prir^s. CjiiihriUê. Uniied Kingdom, pp. 407-442. Crcdlunil. K K. K. M. DicV. & A. W Wriyhl. l»)86. RclutionNhip between larval JeaMty. ;)duli Mze and csg production in the cowpea -iectl beetle. »»mm EcoUvîcal Emomology II: 41-50 Cmjar. R. M. & R. J. Prukopy. 19S2. Morphological and ciectro> physiological mapping ot tarsal cheniorecepittfv oi ovipixtiHiin deterring phen>mone in Hhoyt'tens inmunnrUa tfics. Joumul ol Inscci Physiology 2S. 395—UX). Danyk. T. P. & M. Mackaocr. 1993 Diwnmination between selland cofispecilic-p:iraMti7ed host^ m ihe ;iphid panisitoid Fnum ffriiiifH/tirum Vicrcck i Hymetioptcni: Aphidiidae). Canadian Enlomologisi 125: 957-964. Diaz-Fleischer. F. D R. Pupuj. R. J Prokopy SL A. L. Norrb«»m. 19^)9. Evolution ol fruit tly oviposition behavior. In; M. Aluja spccilic marked parasitized hosts by the solitary parasitoid EfudtitiHani.\ foprtt. Behavtoral Ecology and .Socii)bioli>gy 30: 77-82. Ferguson. .\. W.. J. Ztcsinann. M. M. Blight. I. H. Williams. L. J. Wadhams. S. J. Clark. C. M. Woodcock & A. Mudd, I99«> Perception of oviposition-deterring pheronuine by cabbage seetl weevil {Ceuutrhytuhiti ax\iiiuli.%l Journal ol Chemical Ecology 25: 1655-1671). Ferkovich. S M.. P D. Greany & C Dillard. 1983 ChanccN m hcmolymph prtneins of the fall urmyworm. SfMnJupteni fru^tprnfu iJ.E. Smith), avsoctated with parasitism by the braconid parasitoid Ctue%ui itttir\:tnttftuns »Crcvson». inumal of Insect Physiology 29: 933-*M2. Field. S. A. &. M. A. Keller. 1999. Short-term host discnmination in the parasitoid wasp TnxxoU ux htno/i.x Wollaston »Hymenoptera; Sceliomdael. Australian Journal ol Zoology 47: 1^28. Fisher. R. C. A V. K- GancNalingam. 197U. Changes m composuton ol host haemolymph after attack by an insect parasitoid. Nature 227: 191-193. Fitt. G. P. 1984. OvipuMtion behavior of two tephntid Iruit ilies. Oiu us trrniu and Duetts jan-iM. as influenced by the presence ol larvae in the host fruit. OecnIogia 62: 37-46. FoUyn. S. St D. Gerling. 198S. The parasitoids of the aleyrodid tieint.xta iubact in Israel: development, host preference and discrimination of the Aphelinid wasp ErcnniH rni\ nttwi/u.\ Entoniologia Expenmentalts ct Applicata 38: 255-260. Ganesalingattt. V. K.. 1972. .Anatomy and histology of sense organs of ovipositor of Ichneumonid wa.sp. Ori'rrrvr//-283. Haynes. K. F. & K. V. Yeargan. 1999 ETploitation of intraspecilic communication systems: illicit signalers and receivers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 92: *>60-970. Heard. T. A.. 1995 Oviposition and feeding prelerrnces ot a rtower feeding weevil. Ci*el4H eplHtlapuMi la ultutuiu. m relation loconspecilic damage to its host plant. Entomologia E^perimcntalis ct Applicata 76. 203-20*) Hilker. M. & B. Klein. |989 Investigation of ovipositum deterrent tn larval trass of SiHHtofUent tutnntits (Boisd). Journal iif Chemical Ecology 15: 929-938. Hilker. Vt & C Weit/el. I99| Oviposition deterrence by chemical signals of coaspecihc larvae in Dtprt$in pnu (Hymenoptera. Dtpnonidaci and FhviltHievtu \ut\:unyMinu iColeoptera. Chrysomclid;w> Entomologia Generalis 15 29.'^ '01 Holfmeister. T. S. & B. ID Roitberg. 1997 To mark the host or the patch: OecLsions of a parasitoid searching tor concealed host larvae. Evolutionary Ecology 11 145-168 Hotfmeistcr. T. S «& B. D Roitberg. 1998. Evolution ol signal persistence under predator esploitation. Ecoscience 5: 312- »20. Hoffmeistcr. T S.. B. D Roitberg Jt R.G. Lalonde. 200t) Catching Ariadne by her thnnid: how a parasitoid exploits ihe herbivore's marking trails to locate its host. Entomologia EspenmentaliN ct Applicata 95: 77-85 38
Page 1: INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscrip
Page 4 and 5: UMI Number: 3053915 Copyright 2002
Page 6 and 7: STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertati
Page 8 and 9: DEDICATION This work is dedicated t
Page 10 and 11: ABSTRACT Choosing where offspring w
Page 12 and 13: An explanation of tiie problem CHAP
Page 14 and 15: euse occurs in the field, the impac
Page 16 and 17: Appendix D, "Aggregative behavior i
Page 18 and 19: offspring performance. Counter to t
Page 20 and 21: Lalonde RG, Mangel M, 1994. Seasona
Page 22 and 23: APPENDIX A HOST MARKING BEHAVIOR IN
Page 24 and 25: kluwer the language of science Dr.
Page 26 and 27: 174 belter categorized as cues than
Page 28 and 29: fubfe 2. Kinds ot cvicknce used lo
Page 30 and 31: 278 defend themselves and because i
Page 32 and 33: 280 lion of a signal. Costs associa
Page 34 and 35: 282 than were conspccifics with low
Page 36 and 37: 284 thai (he marker was a mutant fo
Page 38 and 39: 286 dropping on ihe MP communicatio
Page 42 and 43: 290 Hol'svang. T. 1988. Mechanisms
Page 44 and 45: 29Z Roitbcfg. B- D it R- G- Laionde
Page 46 and 47: APPENDIX B HOST UTILIZATION BY THE
Page 48 and 49: Dispersal by Larvae of the Stem Bor
Page 50 and 51: POPULATION ECOUXTY Host Utilization
Page 52 and 53: October 2000 NUFIO ET AL.; HOST UTI
Page 54 and 55: October 2000 Nufio et au: Hoct Unuz
Page 56 and 57: October 2000 NUFIO ET AL4 HOST UIHI
Page 58 and 59: Reuse of larval hosts by the walnut
Page 60 and 61: KEYWORDS Life history" marking pher
Page 62 and 63: Alternatively, a weak correlation b
Page 64 and 65: previously attacked hosts early in
Page 66 and 67: walnut fly oviposition punctures. T
Page 68 and 69: Effects of offspring weight on adul
Page 70 and 71: she deposited over a lifetime and t
Page 72 and 73: RESULTS Levels of host reuse in the
Page 74 and 75: Survival from egg to egg hatch Of t
Page 76 and 77: significantly correlated with pupal
Page 78 and 79: DISCUSSION While the femaie-prefere
Page 80 and 81: discriminate between hosts that hav
Page 82 and 83: will consume fewer resources and th
Page 84 and 85: females gain not by simply reusing
Page 86 and 87: of her offspring but also of the nu
Page 88 and 89: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Henar Alo
Page 90 and 91:
Bjorkman C, Larsson S, Bommarco R,
Page 92 and 93:
Fujiyama N, Katakura H, 2001. Varia
Page 94 and 95:
Mayhew PJ, 1997. Adaptive patterns
Page 96 and 97:
Robertson IC, Roitberg BD, 1998. Du
Page 98 and 99:
Wiklund C, 1981. Generalist vs. spe
Page 100 and 101:
Table 2. The influence of various f
Page 102 and 103:
Table 4. Analysis of variance compa
Page 104 and 105:
nCURE CAPTIONS - Continued Figure 5
Page 106 and 107:
Figure 1. Fruit Cohorts (Number of
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 3. A. B. A > on •m e « 50
Page 110 and 111:
Figure 5. B. es & 1 1 0.8 • 0.6 -
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 7. B. > 09 "S s e s o •Ml
Page 114 and 115:
Figure 9. 400 9t W s 1 t 300 « Of)
Page 116 and 117:
Aggregative behavior is not explain
Page 118 and 119:
that the larval aggregations that f
Page 120 and 121:
2001). The shifting benefits and co
Page 122 and 123:
spatial patterning of clutches depo
Page 124 and 125:
16-fl oz (473-ml) plastic Solo cups
Page 126 and 127:
percentage of hatchlings that emerg
Page 128 and 129:
previously created oviposition punc
Page 130 and 131:
RESULTS Experiment 1. Effect of off
Page 132 and 133:
deposited) again improved the model
Page 134 and 135:
median pupal weight in the lone two
Page 136 and 137:
survival, using two-clutch and thre
Page 138 and 139:
DISCUSSION Absence of an AUee efTec
Page 140 and 141:
simultaneously. It would seem that
Page 142 and 143:
Spatial distribution of clutches In
Page 144 and 145:
If reuse of larval hosts negatively
Page 146 and 147:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Henar Alo
Page 148 and 149:
Hausmann SM, Miller JR, 1989. Ovipo
Page 150 and 151:
Papaj DR, Alonso-Pimentel H, 1997.
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
FIGURE CAPTIONS continued Figure 4.
Page 158 and 159:
Figure 2 MD E DC n Om 3 Qi S V DA E
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 4. B. c. -g 60 S a. a 40 - S
Page 162 and 163:
Host marking beiiavior as a quantit
Page 164 and 165:
encountered either control fruit th
Page 166 and 167:
unparasitized and parasitized hosts
Page 168 and 169:
Finally, it is conceivable that the
Page 170 and 171:
Experiment 1. Relationship between
Page 172 and 173:
or 30 minutes). Fruit were then hun
Page 174 and 175:
After two replicates of the four tr
Page 176 and 177:
Experiment 3. Female responses to h
Page 178 and 179:
RESULTS Experiment 1. Effects of cl
Page 180 and 181:
Experiment 3. Female responses to f
Page 182 and 183:
example, the possibility that ovipo
Page 184 and 185:
field cage assays. What remains to
Page 186 and 187:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Henar Alo
Page 188 and 189:
Bauer G, 1986. Life-history strateg
Page 190 and 191:
Landolt PJ, Averill AL, 1999. Fruit
Page 192 and 193:
Quiring DT, McNeil JN, 1984. Intras
Page 194 and 195:
FIGURE CAPTIONS Figure 1. The relat
Page 196 and 197:
Figure 2. w OA 8 k 98 s o a. QH s 8
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