o - Memorial University of Newfoundland DAI

the rqisuation of all male enemy aliens. In 1OtI.I, 260.000 male enemy aliens were
registered.
Wornen were !lOt long ignored by the rClistration process. A month later.
President Wibon asked Cona:ress to expand his reCuJations to include women. The
Department of Justice wanted to be able ro imem German-bom women whose
activities were considered disloya1lO the Starr:. Concress aareed. addillJ tbar: !his
included American women married 10 enemy aliens, because such women proved they
were not loyal and bad MJ forfeit lheir Arnericaa citizenship when they married an
enemy alien. Tbus, 220.000 German and Amaican women were a1so forced 10
register. InleteStinaly. the man behind the surveill.aDoe and infa1lment of female
enemy aliens was J. Edgar Hoover, liller 10 become known for his leadership of the
Federal Bureau of Investiption.l.
In the UnilCd Swa lhe I1IImben of enemy aliens precluded wboIesaJe
internrnent, 50 instead the aow:mmtnt tumed to increased surveillance. This
precipitated. rapid growth in the aovernment's intellicence 1pPaWUS. The American
government set up four camps 10 incern its enemy aliens. 6300 men and il few
women, mainJy of German ori&in. Four thousand of tbDse were crew from German
ships while the remainiJIC 2300 were considered 'danp:rous enemy aliens.' Of the
2300. roughly to per cent were from the cultural elite of the German communilies.
including the conductor of the Bolton Symphony, industri&lists. financiers, ministers
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