The freshwater macrophytes of - Fisheries Reports

Occurrence of freshwater macrophytes in the catchments
of the Parramatta River, Lane Cove River and
Middle Harbour Creek, 2007 – 2008
R.J. Williams and I. Thiebaud
NSW Department of Primary Industries
Port Stephens Fisheries Centre
Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW 2315
Australia
June 2009
NSW Department of Primary Industries –
Fisheries Final Report Series
No. 109
ISSN 1449-9967

Occurrence of freshwater macrophytes in the catchments of the Parramatta River, Lane Cove River and Middle
Harbour Creek 2007 – 2008
June 2009
Authors: R.J. Williams and I. Thiebaud
Published By: NSW Department of Primary Industries (now incorporating NSW Fisheries)
Postal Address: Cronulla Fisheries Research Centre of Excellence, PO Box 21, Cronulla, NSW, 2230
Internet: www.dpi.nsw.gov.au
© NSW Department of Primary Industries and the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority
This work is copyright. Except as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this reproduction may be
reproduced by any process, electronic or otherwise, without the specific written permission of the copyright
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ISSN 1449-9967
(Note: Prior to July 2004, this report series was published as the ‘NSW Fisheries Final Report Series’ with ISSN
number 1440-3544)

Contents i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................................................I
LIST OF FIGURES..........................................................................................................................................I
LIST OF APPENDICES................................................................................................................................ II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..........................................................................................................................III
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY ................................................................................................................IV
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................... 5
2. METHODS.............................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1. Study area...................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2. Preliminary assessment................................................................................................................. 8
2.3. Identification of features of relevance........................................................................................... 8
2.4. Fieldwork: the data logging process............................................................................................. 9
3. RESULTS .............................................................................................................................................. 11
4. DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................................................ 23
5. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................... 27
6. RECOMMENDATIONS...................................................................................................................... 27
7. REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................... 28
8. APPENDICES....................................................................................................................................... 30
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Number and order of tributaries in the subcatchments of interest..............................................15
Table 2. Summary of substrata characteristics, 2007 – 2008 .................................................................15
Table 3. Summary of flow characteristics, 2007 – 2008..........................................................................16
Table 4. Summary of water clarity characteristics, 2007 – 2008. ..........................................................16
Table 5. Summary of the presence of native, mixed and exotic vegetation, 2007 – 2008 .......................17
Table 6. Summary of the taxa of aquatic vegetation found in the three subcatchments of the
Parramatta River/Sydney Harbour. ............................................................................................19
Table 7. Summary of the occurrences of submerged vegetation, 2007 – 2008. .....................................20
Table 8. Summary of the occurrence of native emergent vegetation, 2007 – 2008. ...............................21
Table 9. Summary of the presence of floating vegetation, 2007 – 2008.. ...............................................22
Table 10. Comparison of number of sites at which introduced species were located................................26
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Map of the Parramatta River/Sydney Harbour catchment. ..........................................................6
Figure 2. Mapping hardware used in this project. .......................................................................................9
Figure 3. Logging program developed and used to collect data in the field..............................................10
Figure 4. Map of the sites visited in the Upper Parramatta River subcatchment.......................................12
Figure 5. Map of the sites visited in Lane Cove River subcatchment. ......................................................13
Figure 6. Map of the sites visited in Middle Harbour Creek subcatchment. .............................................14
Figure 7. Degree of overlap in site selection between the WHS (2007) and this study. ...........................25
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

ii Contents
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A. Fieldtrips to the subcatchments of the Parramatta River. ....................................................... 30
Appendix B. Scientific and common names of the aquatic vegetation encountered in the Parramatta
River and other tributaries in this study.................................................................................. 30
Appendix C. Number of tributaries in the Upper Parramatta River subcatchment.................................. 31
Appendix D. Number of tributaries in the Lane Cover River subcatchment.............................................. 31
Appendix E. Number of tributaries in the Middle Harbour Creek subcatchment..................................... 31
Appendix F1. Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Upper Parramatta River
in March – April 2008. ........................................................................................................... 32
Appendix F2. Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Lane Cove River in
December 2007 – February 2008............................................................................................ 36
Appendix F3. Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of Middle Harbour Creek in
September – December 2007.................................................................................................. 42
Appendix G1. Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Parramatta River subcatchment
in March – April 2008. ........................................................................................................... 47
Appendix G2. Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December
2007 – February 2008............................................................................................................. 52
Appendix G3. Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek in
September – December 2007.................................................................................................. 60
Appendix H. Overview of species of aquatic plants found in the Parramatta River in the Waterway
Health Study (2008) and this study, 2007 – 2008................................................................... 67
Appendix I. Metadata statement. ................................................................................................................ 68
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

Acknowledgements iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study is one part of a series of activities by NSW DPI in conjunction with the Sydney
Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority (SMCMA) and NSW Maritime. In the first phase,
NSW Maritime invited DPI to update distribution maps of estuarine macrophytes of Parramatta
River/Sydney Harbour (West et al. 2004), an exercise funded through the Sydney Harbour
Catchment Management Board by the Federal government. A second phase, incorporating data
from the first phase, was also funded through the SMCMA from Federal government monies.
Phase two involved three projects in the estuarine portion of the Parramatta River: the distribution
of saltmarsh around the estuarine foreshore (Kelleway et al. 2007, Williams et al. in press), the
historical distribution and likely future distribution of seagrass around the estuary (West and
Williams 2008), and the extent of terrestrial vegetation along the foreshore (Allen et al. 2008).
This, the third phase, was again underwritten by the SMCMA from Federal government funding
and deals with the freshwater vegetation of the catchment.
Lesley Diver of the SMCMA provided oversight of the project. John Martyn of STEP Inc. arranged
access to digital map data of the Lane Cove River and Middle Harbour Creek. Andrew
Petroeschevsky, Australian National Aquatic Weeds Coordinator, advised on the status of aquatic
weeds. Greg West assisted with the design of the project, and Tony Fowler, Andrew Boomer, Ben
Kearney, Michael Rodgers and Brooke McCartin assisted in the field. Tracey McVea very patiently
assisted with corrections arising during proof reading.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

iv Summary
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY
Occurrence of freshwater macrophytes in the catchments of the Parramatta River, Lane
Cove River and Middle Harbour Creek, 2007 – 2008
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: R.J. Williams
ADDRESS: NSW Department of Primary Industries
Cronulla Fisheries Research Centre of Excellence
PO Box 21
Cronulla, NSW, 2230
Telephone: 02 9527 8411 Fax: 02 9527 8576
OBJECTIVES:
(a) Create a methodology by which to assess the extent and type of freshwater macrophytic
vegetation in the coastal rivers of NSW;
(b) Conduct an assessment of the macrophytic vegetation of the freshwater portion of the
Parramatta River of 2007;
(c) Create ArcView shapefiles and associated data tables to indicate the area of cover;
(d) Provide a report to the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority.
NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY:
The distribution of the freshwater macrophytes of NSW has been little studied, and an acceptable
methodology by which to undertake such a task has not been devised. This project adapted
techniques used to determine the cover of estuarine vegetation for the purpose of assessing cover of
freshwater vegetation. The locations of interest were the three main tributaries of the Parramatta
River: Middle Harbour Creek, the Lane Cove River, and the upstream portion of the Parramatta
River. Auxiliary tributaries of these main components were also assessed.
Observations were made at 386 sites. Freshwater aquatic vegetation was present at 175 sites and
was categorised as ‘submerged’, ‘emergent’, or ‘floating’, and differentiated as native or exotic
species. The underlying substrata was recorded at all sites, as was flow and turbidity. To provide an
indication of the extent of the complexity of the drainage system, as well as indicate the extent of
fieldwork, inspection sites are shown in a series of maps.
Initiation of the project was hampered by a lack of accuracy in maps; more specifically, many
small tributaries were not shown on the standard digital map of streams for the Sydney
metropolitan area. For example, the standard digital map showed 17 tributaries entering Middle
Harbour Creek, but examination of other maps and field inspection revealed 47 small creeks
flowing into this major tributary. Similar situations prevailed for the Lane Cove River and to a
smaller extent the Upper Parramatta River. It was therefore necessary to initiate the project by
creating an accurate stream network. This new network will be of use in monitoring the distribution
of native and introduced species, and in weed eradication projects. While the presence of aquatic
weeds was surprisingly low compared to the Hawkesbury River (the only other location in NSW
coastal catchment for which aquatic vegetation has been surveyed), steps should be taken to
contain or eradicate these weeds before their distribution increases.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 5
1. INTRODUCTION
Since the arrival of the First Fleet, extensive portions of the banks of the Parramatta River have
been cleared of vegetation. In some cases this has enhanced the movement of sediments into the
river and/or increased nutrient levels. Unfortunately, sediment deposition can smother in-stream
vegetation, and elevated levels of nutrients can stimulate algal blooms. Other threats to freshwater
habitat have come about through the invasion of pest species of plants. Some plant pests, such as
Alligator Weed have a high national profile due to their occurrence in several of the Australian
states (Commonwealth Research Centre for Weed Management 2003), and are listed as Weeds of
National Significance. Other weed species, due to regional or local distribution, do not have a
national profile. The combination of the sedimentation, nutrient enhancement and pest invasion can
impact on native fauna.
At present, there is no accepted methodology by which the freshwater aquatic vegetation of the
coastal rivers of New South Wales is determined. Some efforts have been initiated (e.g., Thiebaud
and Williams 2008, West et al. in prep.) but much more needs to be done to resolve the logistic
base on which cost-effective surveys are conducted. Issues such as ease of access, type of terrain,
and seasonal rainfall patterns can have a major impact on the design of, and results from, aquatic
vegetation surveys.
The Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority (SMCMA) has a major interest in the
well-being of its catchments and rivers, not the least of which is the Parramatta River. To date, no
surveys of the freshwater aquatic vegetation of the river have been done, and such baseline data are
necessary for appropriate management strategies and catchment investment plans. At the request of
the SMCMA this project to define the freshwater vegetation of the Parramatta River was initiated.
The objectives of this project were to:
1. create a methodology by which to assess the extent and type of freshwater macrophytic
vegetation in the coastal rivers of NSW;
2. conduct an assessment of the macrophytic vegetation of the freshwater portion of the
Parramatta River of 2007;
3. create ArcView shapefiles and associated data tables to indicate the area of cover;
4. provide a report to the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority.
It was not within the scope of this project to create a distribution model of the aquatic vegetation of
other sandstone-based estuaries of the central portion of the NSW coast. Nevertheless, it is assumed
that the data collected in this project would contribute to such a model.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

6 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
2. METHODS
2.1. Study area
The catchment of the Parramatta River/Port Jackson/Sydney Harbour is 347 km 2 in area, while the
water area is of the order of 62 km 2 (Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW
online). Figure 1 depicts the catchment of Parramatta River/Sydney Harbour.
To assess small scale distribution patterns of freshwater vegetation within the catchment, three
smaller geographical entities were recognised. Two of these were considered major subcatchments:
Middle Harbour Creek: enters Sydney Harbour at Balmoral. Much of this subcatchment is
forested, particularly in Garigal National Park.
Figure 1. Map of the Parramatta River/Sydney Harbour catchment.
Parramatta River: becomes Port Jackson at the former’s confluence with the Lane Cove River at
Hunters Hill. Land clearing for agricultural purposes in the 1800s and rapid urban development in
more recent times have reduced the natural forest extensively. Remnant natural forest is mainly in
the Darling Mills Creek subcatchment, where there is a major conservation reserve forming a
continuous corridor along Darling Mills Creek, Hunts Creek and the upper Toongabbie Creek.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 7
One secondary subcatchment is also present:
Lane Cove River: joins the Parramatta River at Hunters Hill to become Port Jackson. Much of this
subcatchment is forested, being in the Lane Cove National Park, Pennant Hills Park and Twin
Creeks Reserve.
Classically, for hydrologic purposes such as estimating water yield or determining
erosive/sedimentary characteristics, tributaries within catchments have been categorised on the
basis of the Strahler (1957) or the Shreve (1966) methods. Both techniques begin at the top of a
catchment and use an escalating number system when two small tributaries join to make a larger
one.
We applied neither the Strahler nor the Shreve numbering system in this project, but instead used
the tidal plane as the fundamental reference point and numbered the tributaries proceeding from
downstream to upstream. There were several reasons for doing this:
1. The project did not focus on hydrology per se but on the distributions of freshwater
macrophytes.
2. The distribution of freshwater macrophytes in the lower reaches of the tributaries is
mediated by the presence of saltwater. While variations in penetration of saltwater along
tributaries are brought about by changes in rainfall (and changes in sealevel), the tidal
plane offers a common reference point across subcatchments.
3. Depending on slope, two tributaries given the same reference number based on the Strahler
(1957) or the Shreve (1966) methods might have fundamentally different characteristics.
For example, many tributaries of in the steep portions of a catchment can be ephemeral,
carrying water only during wet weather intervals, whereas equivalently numbered
tributaries of lower relief may be permanently inundated.
To put this in a more specific context, both the Middle Harbour Creek and Lane Cove River
systems are in steep terrain and have many more tributaries than the Upper Parramatta River
system. Because of this, the order numbers of their lower tributaries will be higher than for those of
the Upper Parramatta. This means that direct ecological comparisons of vegetation types are not
possible. By reversing the Strahler and Shreve methods, and using a common datum in the form of
tidal limit, tributaries can be compared from the bottom of the subcatchment progressively
upwards.
The whole of the lower portion of the Parramatta River, from the heads to the most downstream of
the Parramatta weirs, is tidal and therefore considered estuarine. The second main arm of the
estuary is Middle Harbour Creek. Because of their direct contribution to the river system these
elements were considered to be “subcatchments” and assigned the “1 st tributary” category. The
Lane Cove River drains into the Parramatta River, hence it was considered a “sub-subcatchment”
and given “2 nd tributary” status. The other small creeks flowing into directly into Middle Harbour
Creek and the Parramatta River were also given 2 nd tributary status. Upper branches were then
numbered as 3 rd tributary, 4 th tributary, etc.
The first data layer we used to record tributaries was the NSW Land and Property Information
(LPI) streamflow network. There were deficiencies in this data set, and these were of two types.
Not all creeks were marked even though in many cases the drainage lines were obvious. This is not
an uncommon occurrence for NSW waterways (A. Creese, NSW DPI, pers. comm., 2007). In the
second situation creeks were marked but were not named, or the branch to which a name had been
provided was unclear, and this made record keeping difficult.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

8 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
We therefore checked other sources that might provide more information. Sydney metropolitan
street directories were consulted, as were staff of Parramatta City Council. In some cases one data
source was more comprehensive than the other and/or the LPI streamflow network in terms of
defining the network and naming the tributaries. For Middle Harbour Creek and Lane Cove River
another source of data was found in the form of hardcopy maps produced by STEP Inc., a nonprofit
association of urban bushwalkers numbering of the order of 450 individuals (J. Martyn, pers.
comm., 2007). STEP has compiled observations made by its members over many years of hiking
and added them to base maps provided by the NSW Department of Lands (STEP Inc. 2000, 2004a,
2004b). These data layers were added to the LPI streamflow network to create composite maps for
each of the subcatchment. Much of the additional creeks obtained this way had no name and so
they had to be given a temporary name for identification purposes.
2.2. Preliminary assessment
Three reconnaissance visits were made, one to each of Middle Harbour Creek (12/12/06), the Lane
Cove River (8/04/07), and the upper Parramatta River (11/01/07). Preliminary observations were
made on type of freshwater macrophytes, and also on accessibility/terrain, which was of critical
importance for in-stream observations. Many problems were encountered with access to the Lane
Cove River and Middle Harbour Creek tributaries where it was in some cases near impossible to
descend a steep bank to approach the water’s edge. The limitation of access negated any possibility
of setting up a sampling routine at fixed distances. Instead, observations would have to be taken
where access was safe and feasible.
Examination of topographic maps and aerial photographs confirmed an assumption made at the
project’s outset – that there were some geomorphic similarities between Middle Harbour Creek and
the Lane Cove River in terms of steepness of terrain and extent of vegetative cover, and that these
two waterways differed considerably from the upper Parramatta River. These differences exist
because the Cumberland Basin, which encompasses the upper Parramatta River, forms a
topographically low area lying between Port Jackson and Botany Bay, while the Hornsby Plateau
rises to the north of Port Jackson (Herbert 1983) and is the major influence on the Lane Cover
River and Middle Harbour Creek. In terms of physiographic distinctions, the lower portions of
Middle Harbour Creek and Lane Cove River are within the “Harbour Foreshores”, while their
upper tributaries are in the “Hornsby Plateau”, and while much of the Parramatta River is also in
the Harbour Foreshores region, its upper part is within the Cumberland Lowlands (Chapman and
Murphy 1989).
The data retrieved from the three reconnaissance visits were studied and an assessment was made
of common observations and the feasibility of acquiring data in each of the three subcatchments.
2.3. Identification of features of relevance
Information in the form of point data (explained below) was sought to map features of interest.
These features included:
• Vegetation type: The distribution of species of emergent, submerged or floating aquatic
vegetation was mapped. Some exotic aquatic plants are considered weeds of national
significance (WoNS), but technically speaking there is no formal list of “aquatic" weeds (A.
Petroeschevsky, pers. comm., 2008). The aquatic weeds that are included in the WoNS are
Alternanthera philoxeriodes, Cabomba caroliniana and Salvinia molesta. A second list, the
national alert list, includes the aquatic plants Gymnochoronis spilanthoides, Lagarosiphon
major, and Equisetum arvense. In addition, in all states and territories, several other exotic
aquatic plants individually have been declared noxious, i.e., aquatic plants declared noxious
weeds in NSW may not be so declared in other states.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 9
• Flow type: If the watercourse was dry this feature was logged. The presence of pools, runs,
riffles, rapids and waterfalls was logged.
• Substrata type: Features such as bedrock, boulder, cobble and soft sediment (gravel, sand or
mud) were logged. The presence of concrete channels was logged.
• Water clarity: The clarity of the water was logged (turbid, clear).
2.4. Fieldwork: the data logging process
As indicated previously, much of the land surrounding Lane Cove River and its tributaries and
Middle Harbour Creek and its tributaries was inaccessible. It was therefore necessary to devise a
procedure by which to assess common features in similar categories of tributaries, and record
features of interest in individual tributaries. The field exercise had to be efficient but not overly
consumptive of time and money.
A real-time field mapping system was used to position the site and log its characteristics. Sites
were chosen on the basis of accessibility along established tracks. Where the track paralleled the
tributary, observations were made at intervals where either substrata, flow, water quality or
macrophytes differed. A ‘site’ was defined as the immediate vicinity (2 – 3m) within which the
position was logged. Field gear included a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a GPS (Global
Positioning System) and a Bluetooth (Figure 2). This array of hardware was particularly well suited
for fieldwork as it fits in the palm of the hand and can be carried while wandering along creek
banks or wading through shallow water. A photograph was taken at all sites.
Data were logged using a program created with ArcPad Studio containing dropdown menus with
categories for each of the various submerged, emergent and floating macrophytes (Figure 3). The
logging program automatically collected date, time and latitude/longitude. The operator selected
features of interest from dropdown menus and logged them while walking along the creek banks.
Data were downloaded in the office and imported as a shapefile. Copies of this shapefile were
provided to SMCMA.
Appendix A sets out the dates when fieldwork was conducted in each subcatchment. An attempt
was made to visit all known tributaries greater than 500m in length. Appendix B provides the
scientific and common names of the species encountered.
Figure 2. Mapping hardware used in this project.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

10 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
Figure 3. Logging program developed and used to collect data in the field.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 11
3. RESULTS
After comparison of the various data sources, the number of tributaries in each category was noted.
Appendices C, D and E indicate the number of tributaries found in each of the subcatchments, and
Table 1 is a summary of these appendix data. The table shows large discrepancies between the
number of tributaries revealed by the LPI streamflow network and the number of tributaries
generated by our composite maps. There are nearly three times as many for Middle Harbour Creek
(47 vs. 17), and twice as many tributaries for Lane Cove River (73 vs. 32) as compared to the LPI
shapefile. These differences may be due to the dense ground cover in Garigal National Park and
Lane Cove River National Park, respectively, making it difficult for the cartographers who used air
photos to discern the presence of small and/or ephemeral creeks. There was somewhat better
correspondence between the LPI streamflow network for the Parramatta River and our composite
map (50 vs. 29), but, because there was no equivalent STEP map for the upper Parramatta River
catchment, there may have been other small tributaries that were not discovered.
Sites visited in the field are shown in Figures 4 – 6. Site inspections were made at 98, 152 and 136
locations at each of the Parramatta River, Lane Cove River, and Middle Harbour Creek
subcatchments, respectively. On average, two visits were made to each tributary; in reality, some
tributaries were only inspected once due to steep terrain and the difficulty of access.
The substrata at each site within each subcatchment were identified (Table 2). Given the area that
represented a ‘site’ (see Methods), on some occasions multiple substrata were recorded. Nearly
10% of sites had a concrete channel, and most of these were in the Upper Parramatta River. Many
sites had mixed substrata, but bedrock was predominant (42%), followed by cobble (19%). As was
to be expected, bedrock was found most commonly in the Lane Cove River and Middle Harbour
Creek, and mud in the Upper Parramatta River.
Flow characteristics also differed between subcatchments. In only a few cases were the tributaries
dry: one site in the Upper Parramatta, four sites in each of the Lane Cover and Middle Harbour
Creek (Table 3). Pools were a larger component of the sites in Middle Harbour Creek (44%), than
at Lane Cove River (18%) or Upper Parramatta River (15%). Runs were more prevalent at Upper
Parramatta (79%), than at Lane Cove (64%) or Middle Harbour Creek (42%). In effect, Middle
Harbour Creek was comprised nearly equally of pools and runs, whereas the other subcatchments
had a greater variety of flow characteristics.
Water clarity was determined at all sites where water was present (Table 4). In most situations the
water was clear, but more so at Middle Harbour Creek than the other subcatchments. As might be
expected, water was more often turbid in the Upper Parramatta (47%) than elsewhere. An orange
colour was noted on 10 occasions, and in each of the subcatchments. This colour usually denotes
the presence of iron, and can be indicative of the presence of acid sulphate soils.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

Figure 4. Map of the sites visited in the Upper Parramatta River subcatchment.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 12

Figure 5. Map of the sites visited in Lane Cove River subcatchment.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 13

14 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
Figure 6. Map of the sites visited in Middle Harbour Creek subcatchment.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

Table 1. Number and order of tributaries in the subcatchments of interest.
Subcatchment
1 st
order
2 nd
order
3 rd
order
4 th
order
5 th
order
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 15
6 th
order
TOTAL
Upper Parramatta River 1 15 21 13 0 0 50
Lane Cover River NA 1 34 27 10 1 73
Middle Harbour Creek 1 18 24 4 0 0 47
Table 2. Summary of substrata characteristics, 2007 – 2008. Where mixed substrata were observed (e.g., boulder/others), the major and secondary
components are indicated; see Appendix F for details.
Subcatchment Field inspection
No. of sites inspected
Concrete
Bedrock
Bedrock/ others
Upper Parramatta River Mar. – Apr. 2008 98 22 3 15 1 5 1 14 6 1 3 0 25 1
Lane Cove River Dec. 2007 – Feb. 2008 152 2 42 36 5 9 6 26 2 1 11 1 9 2
Middle Harbour Creek Sept. – Dec. 2007 136 11 61 16 4 5 9 5 2 2 7 1 12 1
Boulder
Boulder/ others
Cobble
Cobble/ others
Gravel
Gravel/ others
Sand
Sand/ others
Mud
Unknown

Table 3. Summary of flow characteristics, 2007 – 2008. See Appendix F for details.
Subcatchment Field inspection No. of
sites
inspected
Dry Pool Run Riffle Rapid Waterfall
Upper Parramatta River Mar. – Apr. 2008 98 1 15 78 4 0 0
Lane Cove River Dec. 2007 – Feb. 2008 152 4 30 97 7 12 2
Middle Harbour Creek Sept. – Dec. 2007 136 4 58 56 9 3 6
Table 4. Summary of water clarity characteristics, 2007 – 2008. See Appendix F for details.
Subcatchment Field inspection No. of
sites
inspected
No water Turbid Cloudy Clear Orange
colour
Upper Parramatta River Mar. – Apr. 2008 98 1 46 2 46 3
Lane Cove River Dec. 2007 – Feb. 2008 152 4 52 20 72 4
Middle Harbour Creek Sept. – Dec. 2007 136 4 19 18 92 3
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 16

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 17
Table 5 indicates the site-by-site presence of aquatic vegetation within the subcatchments. Overall,
more than half the sites (55%) were bare of vegetation, but this ranged from 41% of sites being
bare in Upper Parramatta River to 64% of sites in Middle Harbour Creek having no vegetation. The
Upper Parramatta River also had the greatest percentage of sites with only native vegetation (20%).
All subcatchments had about the same proportion of sites with only exotic species (12 – 18%).
Table 6 lists the taxa of aquatic vegetation found in the study area as well as at each of the
subcatchments. Twenty eight taxa were encountered, of which more species of emergent vegetation
were found (14) than of submerged plants (8) or floating plants (6). Of the 28 taxa, 17 were native
and 11 were exotic. More species were found in the Upper Parramatta River and in Lane Cove
River (in both cases 19 total; 11 native and 8 exotic) than in Middle Harbour Creek (16; 9 and 7).
Differences in species composition between the subcatchments are also shown in Table 6, and the
number of occurrences of the individual taxa are presented in Tables 7, 8 and 9. The eight taxa of
submerged vegetation were found only infrequently (Table 7), and of the native submerged taxa,
Chara spp. and Hydrilla verticillata were the most common but occurred at few sites. Vallisneria
gigantea, a species considered of value to native fish such as the Australian bass (Harris 1988), was
not located. Also of note, given the difficulties that the pest Egeria densa has caused elsewhere
(e.g., Hawkesbury River; Thiebaud and Williams 2008), is the limited presence of this species. It
was found at only six sites, three in each of Lane Cove River and Middle Harbour Creek. Another
pest species, Myriophyllum aquaticus, was found at only five sites, all within the Upper Parramatta
River.
Table 5. Summary of the presence of native, mixed and exotic vegetation, 2007 – 2008. See
Appendix E for details.
Subcatchment
Dates of field
inspection
Number of tributaries
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)
Number of sites inspected
Number of sites with no
vegetation
Upper Parramatta River Mar. – Apr. 2008 50 98 40
(41%)
Lane Cove River Dec. 2007 – Feb. 2008 73 152 84
(55%)
Middle Harbour Creek Sept. – Dec. 2007 47 136 87
(64%)
Total 170 386 211
(55%)
Number of sites with only
native species
20
(20%)
18
(12%)
14
(10%)
52
(13%)
Number of sites with native
and exotic species
21
(21%)
32
(21%)
12
(9%)
65
(17%)
Number of sites with only
exotic species
17
(18%)
18
(12%)
23
(17%)
58
(15%)

18 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
The emergent plants were far more abundant than either the submerged or floating plants (Table
8). The exotic Cyperus eragrostis was the most common species, followed by the natives Juncus
usitatus, Persicaria decipiens and Typha orientalis. Species composition was somewhat unique in
each subcatchment. For example, T. orientalis was more prevalent in the Upper Parramatta River
than elsewhere.
In addition to C. eragrostis, the most prevalent exotic (present at nearly 25% of sites), seven other
species were alien (Table 8). The next most common introduced species, Ranunculus repens,
Cyperus involucratus and Juncus articulatus were present at only ten, eight and four sites,
respectively. The introduced Juncus acutus, which is a problem further downstream in the brackish
waters of the Parramatta estuary (Paul and Young 2007), was not found.
Of the six taxa of floating plants, the introduced Callitriche stagnalis occurred more frequently
than any other (30 sites), and was present mostly in Middle Harbour Creek subcatchment (Table 9).
Alternanthera philoxeroides (alligator weed), a severe pest in the Hawkesbury River, was found at
only one site, and this was in the Upper Parramatta subcatchment.
At a number of sites more than one weed species was encountered. Four species of pest were found
at Ulm Creek (Lane Cove River, Site 19, Appendix G2). Three exotic species were located at
Archer Creek (Upper Parramatta River, Site 95, Appendix G1), Links and Doncaster Creeks (Lane
Cove River, Sites 67 and 120, respectively, Appendix G2) and Carroll Creek (Middle Harbour
Creek, Site 115, Appendix G3). The reasons for these multiple occurrences are not known.
As part of the arrangements made with the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority
for this study, a shapefile of results was provided and can be distributed such that further in-field
observations might be made by local government or non-governmental organisations. These
observation can be photo recorded and compared to the on-hand archive.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 19
Table 6. Summary of the taxa of aquatic vegetation found in the three subcatchments of the
Parramatta River/Sydney Harbour.
Native Exotic Upper
Parramatta
River
Lane
Cove
River
Middle
Harbour
Creek
Submerged Ceratophyllum demersum X X
Chara spp. X X X
Egeria densa X X X
Hydrilla verticillatta X X X X
Nitella spp. X X
Potamogeton crispus X X
Potamogeton ochreatus X X X
Myriophyllum aquaticum X X
Subtotal 8 6 2 3 5 5
Emergent Baumea articulata X X
Bolboschoenus caldwellii X X
Cyperus congestus X X
Cyperus eragrostis X X X X
Cyperus involucratus X X X X
Juncus articulatus X X X
Juncus usitatus X X X X
Ludwigia peruviana X X
Persicaria decipiens X X X X
Phragmites australis X X X
Ranunculus repens X X X X
Schoenoplectus validus X X X
Sagittaria platyphylla X X X X
Typha orientalis X X X X
Subtotal 14 7 7 11 10 10
Floating Alternanthera philoxeroides X* X
Azolla spp. X X X
Callitriche stagnalis X X X X
Lemna spp. X X
Nymphaea spp. X X X
Potamogeton sulcatus X X
Subtotal 6 4 2 5 4 1
Total 28 17 11 19 19 16
* designated as a Weed of National Significance (WoNS) (A. Petroeschevsky, pers. comm., 2008).
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

Table 7. Summary of the occurrences of submerged vegetation, 2007 – 2008. See Appendix E for details.
Subcatchment Dates of field inspection Number of sites
inspected
Native species Exotic species
Upper Parramatta River Mar. – Apr. 2008 98 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 5 5
Lane Cove River Dec. 2007 – Feb. 2008 152 1 5 3 0 0 1 10 3 0 3
Middle Harbour Creek Sept. – Dec. 2007 137 0 3 1 2 0 1 7 3 0 3
Total 387 1 8 5 2 1 2 19 6 5 11
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 20
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
All
Egeria densa
Myriophyllum aquaticum
All

Table 8. Summary of the occurrence of native emergent vegetation, 2007 – 2008. See Appendix E for details.
Subcatchment Field inspection Number of sites
inspected
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Juncus usitatus
Native species Exotic species
Upper Parramatta River Mar. – Apr. 2008 98 0 1 15 21 5 1 13 56 0 31 2 0 1 2 1 37
Lane Cove River Dec. 2007 – Feb. 2008 152 1 0 33 19 0 0 4 57 3 43 1 2 0 6 2 57
Middle Harbour Creek Sept. – Dec. 2007 137 0 0 12 7 5 2 4 30 0 13 5 2 0 2 1 23
Total 387 1 1 60 47 10 3 21 143 3 87 8 4 1 10 4 117
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 21
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Schoenoplectus validus
Typha orientalis
All
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Ranunculus repens
Sagittaria platyphylla
All

Table 9. Summary of the presence of floating vegetation, 2007 – 2008. See Appendix E for details.
Subcatchment Dates of field inspection Number of sites
inspected
Native species Exotic species
Upper Parramatta River Mar. – Apr. 2008 98 1 0 1 1 3 1 1 2
Lane Cove River Dec. 2007 – Feb. 2008 152 1 1 2 0 4 0 12 12
Middle Harbour Creek Sept. – Dec. 2007 137 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 17
Total 387 2 1 3 1 7 1 30 31
* designated as a Weed of National Significance (WoNS) (A. Petroeschevsky, pers. comm., 2008).
Azolla spp.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 22
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogeton tricarinatus
All
*Alternanthera philoxeroides
Callitriche stagnalis
All

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 23
4. DISCUSSION
There are two main components to the Discussion, one in relation to the underlying streamflow
network on which the mapping was based, and the other on the distribution of the native and exotic
species in the three subcatchments of the study area. In the case of the underlying network, the
streamflow mapped by NSW Land and Property Information (LPI) for Lane Cove River and
Middle Harbour Creek provided only a portion of the tributaries that we encountered in the field
(Appendices C – E). This was unfortunate as there may be assumptions made at the catchment
level, the local government level and as well for NGOs that the readily available topographic maps
for these subcatchments provide an adequate basis on which to conduct floral or fauna inventories.
Presumably, STEP Inc. had attempted to use the LPI maps, found them inadequate for their
purposes and so created new versions with an enhanced amount of detail. No analogous maps to
those prepared by STEP Inc. were available for the Upper Parramatta River and this may be
because of a lack of local need (for example for bushwalking), or because the existing LPI
streamflow network is considered adequate. Nevertheless, there were still many more tributaries
shown in a street directory than in the LPI network for the upper Parramatta River subcatchment.
The level of detail provided in streamflow maps is dependent on vegetation cover which in turn is
related to the underlying topography. As indicated in Herbert (1983) and Chapman and Murphy
(1989), there are distinct differences in the geology of the subcatchments and their tributaries. The
tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek and Lane Cove River are predominantly sandstone bedrock,
while those of the Upper Parramatta River are primarily unconsolidated sediments (Table 2).
Theoretically, vegetative assemblages are influenced by these natural features. Gross differences in
species composition were not apparent, the reasons for similarity, whether in terms of substrata,
water permanence or flow characteristics, need further clarification.
The presence of unnatural features, and more specifically, concrete drains in all subcatchments,
suggests there may be inhibitions to the colonisation and/or maintenance of native species at some
locations. Sites where unnatural substrata occur might be considered for rehabilitation initiatives to
recapture the original substrata characteristics. Concrete channels were observed at 21 sites in the
Upper Parramatta River, 12 in Middle Harbour Creek, and two in the Lane Cove subcatchment.
The flow of water within tributaries varies within subcatchments but also between subcatchments.
Our observations on water flow were dependant on the local rainfall events that preceded field
observations. During two fieldtrips, in December 2007 (Lane Cove) as well as in February 2008
(Upper Parramatta), heavy rainfall was experienced in the Sydney district, and the flow
characteristics shown in Appendix F reflect these rainfall conditions. Nevertheless, all three
catchments were comprised more of pools and runs than of riffles, rapids and waterfalls (Table 3).
With respect to water clarity, this survey extended over a lengthy interval (September 2007 to April
2008) and turbidity would be expected to vary in relation to localised rainfall events and perhaps
even seasonally. Some sites were visited during the warmer temperatures of summer and hence
algal densities may have been greater than in the cooler months, hence reducing water clarity.
Overall, the sandstone catchments of Middle Harbour Creek and Lane Cover River showed more
frequent instances of clear water than the Upper Parramatta River (Table 4).
Relative to the number of sites visited, aquatic vegetation was found at slightly less than half the
total (175 of 386 sites; Table 5). While this might be suggestive of bias, the lack of vegetation at
these sites provides a baseline against which recovery of native species and/or expansion of alien
species can be measured.
Unfortunately, introduced species were present in all subcatchments, but few species co-occurred
in all three subcatchments (Tables 7 – 9). Individual pest species were confined to certain locations.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

24 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
Of the two exotics with a submerged lifestyle, E. densa was only found in the Lane Cove River and
Middle Harbour Creek, whereas M. aquaticum only appeared in the Upper Parramatta River. Of the
two floating exotics, C. stagnalis occurred in all subcatchments but A. philoxeroides was found at
only one site, in the Upper Parramatta River. These limited occurrences will facilitate control
operations.
Most exotic species were of the emergent form, with C. eragrostis particularly prevalent (Table 8).
Fortunately, J. acutus, an emergent pest that has been difficult to eradicate in the estuarine portion
of the river valley, was not found. These limitations of distribution of species with subcatchments,
as well as the few locations at which some species occur, imply that removal projects are feasible.
Among the native species, V. gigantea, considered of value to native fish (Harris 1988), was not
located. It may have once been present or is only now in such limited abundance as to be difficult
to find. Another native, T. orientalis, was more prevalent in the Upper Parramatta River than
elsewhere. A better understanding of the existing and potential distribution of all species could be
obtained by applying a multivariate analysis to attempt to stratify habitat subunits (e.g., Gilligan
and Heath in prep.). Additionally, an analysis of landuse change in the catchment (such as that
done by Williams and Thiebaud 2007 for downstream portions of the Hawkesbury River) may
assist in identifying sites for which there is an enhanced susceptibility for weed invasion.
Subsequent to the commencement of this study, the results of an investigation commissioned by
SMCMA and undertaken by Earth Tech Pty. Ltd. (2007) were provided by the former agency. The
investigation, titled the Waterway Health Study (WHS), was commissioned to assess aspects of
conservation, vegetation, geomorphic condition, recreation and flood control over all of the Sydney
metropolitan waterways. A DVD report was generated and includes maps of sites where types of
vegetation had been determined. The presence of bankside vegetation was noted in the WHS, an
important initiative as this type of vegetation is particularly relevant in terms of detrital input to
sustain fish populations (Reid et al. 2008). When the WHS vegetation map was overlain on the
map produced in our study (Figure 7) the degree of overlap in the two investigations could be
compared. There is a fundamental spatial difference between the two studies. The WHS shows a
concentrated series of field observations in relatively few of the tributaries of the Parramatta River,
whereas our study covered the whole of the catchment, but necessarily made fewer site intensive
examinations.
Other data to emerge from the WHS showed that two exotic emergent, two exotic floating and
three exotic species of riverine (i.e., plants on the banks of the waterways) vegetation had been
encountered along the Parramatta River. A summary of the number of locations at which these
plants were found in the two studies (Table 10), as well as a more general comparison (Appendix
H), have been prepared. In most cases there is little overlap between the studies, reflecting their
different methodologies. For example, the exotic species Hyparrhenia hirta, Ludwigia longifolia
and Paspalum quadrifarium were not seen in our study as they are riverine in habitat and were not
part of our brief. Further, Eichornia crassipes and Salvinia molesta, two floating species, were
encountered on one (Middle Harbour Creek) and eight (seven in the Upper Parramatta River and
one in Middle Harbour Creek) occasions, respectively, in the WHS but were not encountered by us,
reflecting the greater intensity of WHS spatial effort put into examining selected tributaries with in
the Upper Parramatta River and Middle Harbour Creek. Of the exotic emergents, Gymnocoronis
spilanthoides was found in the WHS but only in the Upper Parramatta River, and not at all by us,
while Ludwigia peruviana was identified in the WHS as the most ubiquitous of all the introduced
species. We found the latter species at only one site – in the Upper Parramatta subcatchment.
Further effort should be made to consolidate the two data sets, refine the distributions of the alien
species, and establish a common protocol for future monitoring.
A metadata statement for this project is included in Appendix I.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 25
Figure 7. Degree of overlap in site selection between the WHS (2007) and this study.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

26 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
Table 10. Comparison of number of sites at which introduced species were located: WHS and
this study. See Appendix B for common names. Type of vegetation: S =
submerged; E = emergent; F = floating; R = riverine (on-bank).
Introduced Species Type Upper Parramatta
River
WHS
(2007)
This
study
Lane Cove River Middle Harbour
Creek
WHS
(2007)
This
study
WHS
(2007)
Egeria densa S 0 0 0 3 0 3
Myriophyllum aquaticum S 0 5 0 0 0 0
Subtotal 0 5 0 3 0 3
Cyperus congestus E 0 0 0 3 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis E 0 31 0 43 0 13
Cyperus involucratus E 0 2 0 1 0 5
Gymnocoronis spilanthoides # E 17 0 0 0 0 0
Juncus articulatus E 0 0 0 2 0 2
Ludwigia peruviana E 108 1 1 0 82 0
Ranunculus repens E 0 2 0 6 0 2
Sagittaria platyphylla E 0 1 0 2 0 1
Subtotal 125 37 1 57 82 23
Alternanthera philoxeroides * F 0 1 0 0 0 0
Callitriche stagnalis F 0 1 0 12 0 17
Eichornia crassipes F 0 0 0 0 1 0
Salvinia molesta * F 7 0 0 0 1 0
Subtotal 7 2 0 12 2 17
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment
This
study
Hyparrhenia hirta R 78 NA 0 NA 0 NA
Ludwigia longifolia R 6 NA 6 NA 0 NA
Paspalum quadrifarium R 43 NA 0 NA 0 NA
Subtotal 127 - 6 - 0 -
Total 259 44 7 72 84 43
* designated as a Weed of National Significance (WoNS) (A. Petroeschevsky, pers. comm., 2008).
# included on the National Alert List (A. Petroeschevsky, pers. comm., 2008).
NA = terrestrial vegetation and hence not surveyed.

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 27
5. CONCLUSIONS
1. The LPI streamflow network for the subcatchments of the Parramatta River was inadequate for
the purpose of this survey. To cater for this deficiency we created a more robust base map of
tributaries.
2. A useful baseline of the submerged, emergent and floating freshwater macrophytes of the
Parramatta River has been created.
3. The distributional data acquired can be used to assess change over time.
4. Neither the native Vallisneria gigantea nor the alien Juncus acutus were found. The latter was
not necessarily expected as its distribution is reported to only be in tidal water.
5. Two aquatic Weeds of National Significance, Alternanthera philoxeroides and Salvinia
molesta, and one weed on the National Alert List, Gymnocoronis spilanthoides, show limited
distribution and should be of high priority for eradication.
6. Because other aquatic weeds appear to be limited in their distribution, eradication projects
appear to be viable.
7. Distinct differences in the geology of the subcatchments do not appear to markedly influence
the species composition of freshwater aquatic vegetation in each.
8. The data obtained in this project would be useful in modelling the distribution of aquatic
vegetation in the sandstone formed estuaries of NSW.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The methodology in this report should be combined with the WHS methodology (Earth Tech
2007) such that future surveys would simultaneously note riverine (on-bank) and in-stream
(submerged, emergent and floating) native vegetation.
2. The data in this report should be combined with the WHS data (Earth Tech 2007) to elicit
relationships between riverine and in-stream native vegetation.
3. The combined data set should be used to refine the distributions of alien species and implement
appropriate management plans. Some sites may need to be mapped in more detail.
4. A pest species eradication project should be initiated, particularly at those sites where more
than one exotic species was located (Upper Parramatta River: Archer Creek; Lane Cove River:
Ulm, Links and Doncaster Creeks; Middle Harbour Creek: Carroll Creek).
5. A follow-up survey should be conducted in two years to assess whether pest and/or native plant
species have increased in range.
6. Contingent on #4 (above), an analysis of change of landuse in the subcatchments should be
undertaken to assist in identifying sites for which there is an enhanced susceptibility of weed
invasion.
7. An assessment of landuse should include an integration of aquatic plant distribution data with
the locations and characteristics of stormwater outlets and sewage overflows. Other data as
acquired from future monitoring should also be applied. The output will further focus
management plans and additional investigations.
8. Multivariate analysis of the data acquired in this report should be undertaken to stratify habitat
subunits.
9. Habitat subunits should be sampled to identify in situ fish assemblages after the method of
Gilligan and Heath (in prep.).
10. Surveys of the freshwater aquatic vegetation of other rivers in the SMCMA should be initiated,
with close attention paid to the accuracy of available maps and the need to make corrections to
the tributary network.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

28 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
7. REFERENCES
Chapman, G.A. and C.L. Murphy. (1989). Soil Landscapes of the Sydney 1: 100 000 Sheet. Soil
Conservation Service of N.S.W., Sydney. 160 pp.
Commonwealth Research Centre for Weed Management. (2003). Weeds of National Significance.
Weed Management Guide. Alligator weed – Alternanthera philoxeroides. CRC for
Australian Weed Management and Commonwealth Department of the Environment and
Heritage Australia.
Earth Tech Pty. Ltd. (2007). Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority Waterways
Health Strategy. Report to the Sydney Catchment CMA, Sydney, NSW. 129 pp and
DVD.
Gilligan, D. and P. Heath. (in prep.). A scientific approach to developing habitat rehabilitation
strategies in aquatic environments: A case study on the endangered Macquarie perch
(Macquaria australasica) in the Lachlan catchment. Final report to the Lachlan
Catchment Management Authority.
Harris, J.H. (1988). Demography of the Australian Bass, Macquaria novemaculeata (Perciformes:
Percichthyidae) in the Sydney Basin. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater
Research 39: 355–369.
Herbert, C. (1983). Structural Geology. In (C. Herbert, ed.) Geology of the Sydney 1: 100,000
Sheet. Geological Survey of New South Wales, Department of Mineral Resources. pp.
115–119.
New South Wales Department of Environment and Climate Change (online). Estuaries in NSW.
http://www.dnr.nsw.gov.au/estuaries/inventory/jackson.shtml
New South Wales Government. (2008). NSW Incursion Plan for Invasive Plant Species, 2009–
2015. 4 pp.
Paul, S. and R. Young. (2007). Experimental control of exotic spiny rush, Juncus acutus from
Sydney Olympic Park: 1. Juncus mortality and re-growth. Wetlands (Australia) 23: 1–13.
Reid, D.J., P.S. Lake, G.P. Quinn and P. Reich. (2008). Association of reduced riparian vegetation
cover in agricultural landscapes with coarse detritus dynamics in lowland streams. Marine
and Freshwater Research 59: 998–1014.
Sainty, G.R. and S.W.L. Jacobs. (1981). Waterplants of New South Wales. Water Resources
Commission, NSW. 550 pp.
Sainty, G.R. and S.W.L. Jacobs. (2003). Waterplants in Australia. Fourth Edition. Sainty and
Associates Pty Ltd.
Shreve, R.L. (1966). Statistical law of stream numbers. Journal of Geology 74: 17–37.
Strahler, A.N. (1957). Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. American Geophysical
Union Transactions 38: 913–920.
STEP Inc. (2000). Walking tracks of the Lane Cove River Valley.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 29
STEP Inc. (2004a). Walking tracks of the Middle Harbour Valley and Northern Sydney Harbour
Foreshore, Sheets 1 & 2, Bungaroo & Roseville Bridge.
STEP Inc. (2004b). Walking tracks of the Middle Harbour Valley and Northern Sydney Harbour
Foreshore, Sheets 3 & 4, Northbridge & North Harbour.
Thiebaud, I. and R.J. Williams. (2008). Distribution of freshwater macrophytes in the Hawkesbury
Nepean River from Warragamba Dam to Wisemans Ferry, 2007. Unpublished report to
the NSW Department of Environment and Climate Change. 35 pp.
West, G., R. Laird and R.J. Williams. (in prep.). Mapping the bass habitat of the Macleay,
Hawkesbury and Shoalhaven Rivers. Final report to NSW Recreational Freshwater
Fisheries Trust Account. NSW Fisheries Final Report Series.
Williams, R.J. and I. Thiebaud. (2007). An analysis of changes to aquatic habitats and adjacent
land-use in the downstream portion of the Hawkesbury Nepean River over the past sixty
years. Final report to Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Authority. NSW
Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 91. 97 pp.
REFERENCES (IN ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS)
Allen, C.B., D.H. Benson, T. James and J. Kelleway. (2007). Vegetation map of the Sydney
Harbour Foreshore, 2006. Final report to NSW Maritime Authority. 12 pp.
Kelleway, J., R.J. Williams and C. Allen. (2007). An assessment of the saltmarsh of the Parramatta
River/Sydney Harbour. Final report to NSW Maritime Authority. NSW Department of
Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 90. 100 pp.
West, G., R.J. Williams and R. Laird. (2004). Distribution of estuarine vegetation in the Parramatta
River and Sydney Harbour, 2004. Final report to NSW Maritime Authority. NSW
Fisheries Final Report Series No. 70. 33 pp.
West, G. and R.J. Williams. (2008). An assessment of the historical distribution of the seagrass of
the Parramatta River/Sydney Harbour. Final report to NSW Waterways Authority. NSW
DPI – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 98. 61 pp.
Williams, R.J., J. Kelleway and C.B. Allen. (in press). An assessment of the saltmarsh of the
Parramatta River/Sydney Harbour. Cunninghamia.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

30 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
8. APPENDICES
Appendix A. Fieldtrips to the subcatchments of the Parramatta River.
Subcatchment Dates
Middle Harbour Creek 25-28/09/07
29/10-2/11/07
10-11/12/07
Lane Cove River 12-14/12/07
29/01-1/02/08
4-8/02/08
Upper Parramatta River 17-20/03/08
14-18/04/08
Appendix B. Scientific and common names (Sainty and Jacobs 1981, 2003) of the aquatic
vegetation encountered in the Parramatta River and other tributaries in this study.
Growth form Introduced Scientific name Common name
Submerged Ceratophyllum demersum Hornwort
Chara spp. Musk Grass
X Egeria densa Dense Waterweed
Hydrilla verticillatta Hydrilla
Nitella spp. Musk Grass
Potamogeton crispus Curly Pondweed
Potamogeton ochreatus Blunt Pondweed
X Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrots Feather
Emergent Baumea articulata Jointed Twigrush
Bolboschoenus caldwellii -
X Cyperus congestus Clustered Flatsedge
X Cyperus eragrostis Umbrella Sedge
X Cyperus involucratus Cyperus
X Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush
Juncus usitatus Common Rush
X Ludwigia peruviana Ludwigia
Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed
Phragmites australis Common Reed
X Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup
Schoenoplectus validus River Clubrush
X Sagittaria platyphylla Sagittaria
Typha orientalis Cumbungi
Floating X * Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligator Weed
Azolla spp. Azolla
X Callitriche stagnalis Common Starwort
Lemna spp. Duckweed
Nymphaea spp. Waterlily
Potamogeton sulcatus Floating Pondweed
* designated as a Weed of National Significance (WoNS) (A. Petroeschevsky, pers. comm., 2008).
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 31
Appendix C. Number of tributaries in the Upper Parramatta River subcatchment. Of the 50
creeks located, 48 were visited. Angophora and Blue Gum Creeks were not
inspected due to lack of access.
Map source
1 st
order
2 nd
order
3 rd
order
4 th
order
5 th
order
6 th
order
TOTAL
LPI stream network shapefile 1 8 17 3 0 0 29
Street Directory 1 9 24 15 0 0 49
Composite 1 15 21 13 0 0 50
Appendix D. Number of tributaries in the Lane Cover River subcatchment. Of the 73 creeks
located, 72 were visited. Honeysuckle Creek was not inspected due to lack of
access.
Map source
1 st
order
2 nd
order
3 rd
order
4 th
order
5 th
order
6 th
order
TOTAL
LPI stream network shapefile NA 1 23 6 2 0 32
Street Directory NA 1 21 8 3 1 34
STEP Inc. (>500 m) NA 1 33 27 10 1 73
Composite NA 1 34 27 10 1 73
Appendix E. Number of tributaries in the Middle Harbour Creek subcatchment. Of the 47
creeks located, 43 were visited. Greenwoods East, Narabang, North French and
Oxley Drive Creeks were not inspected due to lack of access.
Map source
1 st
order
2 nd
order
3 rd
order
4 th
order
5 th
order
6 th
order
TOTAL
LPI stream network shapefile 1 9 6 1 0 0 17
Street Directory 1 11 6 1 0 0 19
STEP Inc. (>500 m) 1 18 23 4 0 0 46
Composite 1 18 24 4 0 0 47
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

Appendix F1. Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Upper Parramatta River in March – April 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
1 Toongabbie X X X
2 Finlaysons X X X
3 Finlaysons X X X
4 Coopers X X X
5 Coopers X X X
6 Toongabbie X X X
7 Quarry X X X X
8 Quarry X X X X
9 Mills X X X
10 Darling Mills X X X
11 Darling Mills X X X
12 Lake X X X
13 Lake X X X
14 Lake X X X
15 Seville X X X X
16 Hunts X X X X
17 Hunts X X X X
18 Rifle Range X X X X
19 Darling Mills X X X X
20 Bellbird X X X X
21 O'regan X X X X
22 Excelsior X X X X
23 Christmas Bush X X X X
24 Saw Mill X X X X
25 Excelsior X X X X
26 Coachwood X X X X
27 Excelsior X X X
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 32
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F1 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Parramatta River in March – April 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
28 Bellbird X X X
29 Darling Mills X X X X
30 Bellamys X X X
31 Toongabbie X X X
32 Pendle X X X
33 Pendle X X X X
34 Mettella X X X X
35 Mettella X X X
36 Girraween X X X
37 Girraween X X X
38 Girraween X X X
39 Grantham X X X
40 Grantham X X X
41 Grantham X X X
42 Blacktown X X X
43 Blacktown X X X
44 Boyd X X X
45 Blacktown X X X
46 Blacktown X X X
47 Lolar X X X X
48 Lolar X X X
49 Lolar X X X
50 Crestwood X X X
51 Crestwood X X X X
52 Crestwood X X X
53 Jasper X X X
54 Toongabbie X X X X
Unknown
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 33
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F1 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Parramatta River in March – April 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
55 Toongabbie X X X
56 Toongabbie X X X
57 Goodhall X X X X
58 Masons X X X X X
59 Domain X X X X
60 Parramatta X X X
61 Parramatta X X X
62 Parramatta X X X
63 Wilde X X X
64 Doyle X X X X
65 Vineyard X X X
66 Robert X X X
67 Robert X X X
68 Vineyard X X X X
69 Subiaco X X X X
70 Subiaco X X X X
71 Upjohn X X X X
72 Upjohn X X X X
73 The Ponds X X X X X
74 The Ponds X X X
75 The Ponds X X X X
76 Sunvalley X X X X
77 Sophia X X X X
78 Dundas X X X
79 Clay Cliff X X X
80 Clay Cliff X X X
81 Duck Creek X X X
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 34
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F1 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Parramatta River in March – April 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
82 Duck Creek X X X
83 Colquhoun X X X
84 Colquhoun X X X
85 Duck River X X X
86 Duck River X X X
87 Duck River X X X X
88 Duck River X X X X
89 Abecketts X X X
90 Abecketts X X X
91 Abecketts X X X X
92 Haslams X X X
93 Haslams X X X
94 Powells X X X
95 Archer X X X
96 Smalls X X X
97 Charity X X X
98 Finlaysons X X X
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 35
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F2. Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
1 Highfield X X X
2 Highfield X X X
3 Little Blue Gum X X X X
4 Little Blue Gum X X X X
5 Blue Gum X X X
6 Blue Gum X X X
7 Blue Gum X X X
8 Alexander X X X
9 Sugarbag X X X X
10 Congham X X X
11 Congham X X X X
12 Quarry X X X
13 Lane Cove X X X
14 Lane Cove X X X X
15 Devlin X X X
16 Devlin X X X
17 Devlin X X X
18 Lane Cove X X X X
19 Ulm X X X
20 Ulm X X X
21 Lane Cove X X X
22 Cove X X X X
23 Cove X X X
24 Lane Cove X X X
25 Currong X X X X
26 Lane Cove X X X
27 Terrys X X X X
Unknown
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 36
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F2 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
28 Devlin X X X X
29 Devlin X X X X
30 Day X X X X
31 Robecq X X X
32 Kethel X X X
33 Seale X X X
34 Byles X X X
35 Byles X X X X
36 Britannia X X X X
37 Devlins X X X
38 Beecroft X X X
39 Ray X X X X
40 Ray X X X X
41 Coverdale X X X X
42 Orchard X X X
43 Chilworth X X X
44 Devlins X X X
45 Coups X X X X
46 Coups X X X X
47 Coups X X X X
48 Lane Cove X X X X
49 Alinta X X X
50 Alinta X X X X
51 Alinta X X X X
52 Carters X X X X
53 Porters X X X X
54 Lane Cove X X X
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 37
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F2 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
55 Rudders X X X X
56 Blackbutt X X X
57 Falls X X X X
58 Links X X X X
59 Falls X X X
60 Blackbutt X X X X
61 Blackbutt X X X
62 Blackbutt X X X
63 Blackbutt X X X X
64 Gordon X X X
65 Gordon X X X
66 Gordon X X X
67 Links X X X
68 Blackbutt X X X X
69 Lane Cove X X X X
70 Charles X X X
71 Edgar X X X X
72 Edgar X X X X
73 Swaines X X X
74 Swaines X X X X
75 Coolaroo X X X
76 Stringybark X X X X
77 Stringybark X X X X
78 Stringybark X X X X
79 Stringybark X X X
80 Stringybark X X X X
81 Stony X X X
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 38
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F2 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
82 Tannery X X X
83 Tannery X X X X
84 Tambourine X X X X
85 Tambourine X X X X
86 Tambourine X X X X
87 Gore X X X
88 Gore X X X X
89 Gore X X X X
90 Pages X X X X
91 Pages X X X X
92 Martins X X X X
93 Kittys X X X X
94 Kittys X X X X
95 Kittys X X X X
96 Strangers X X X X
97 Pidding X X X
98 Buffalo X X X X
99 Buffalo X X X X
100 Buffalo X X X
101 Brickmakers X X X
102 Seymour X X X X
103 Morona X X X X
104 Seymour X X X X
105 Lane Cove X X X X
106 Bradley X X X
107 Bradley X X X X
108 Bradley X X X
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 39
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F2 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
109 Mitchell X X X
110 Twin Creeks X X X X
111 Twin Creeks X X X
112 Holmes X X X
113 Twin Creeks X X X
114 Avondale X X X X
115 Rofe X X X
116 Deadmans X X X X
117 Avondale X X X X
118 Avondale X X X
119 Avondale X X X
120 Doncaster X X X
121 Lane Cove X X X X
122 Doncaster X X X
123 Doncaster X X X
124 Quarry X X X X
125 Sheldon X X X
126 Sheldon X X X
127 Troon X X X
128 Troon X X X
129 St. Andrews X X X
130 Khartoom X X X
131 Mars X X X X
132 Mars X X X X
133 Mars X X X X
134 Mars X X X X
135 Mars X X X
Unknown
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 40
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F2 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
136 Mars X X X
137 Mars X X X
138 Shrimptons X X X
139 Shrimptons X X X X
140 Shrimptons X X X X
141 Taranto X X X X
142 Harper X X X
143 Terrys X X X X
144 Harper X X X
145 Dence X X X
146 Terrys X X X
147 Edna Hunt X X X
148 Terra Ulong X X X
149 Camp X X X X
150 Scout X X X
151 Camp X X X
152 Little Blue Gum X X X
Unknown
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 41
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F3. Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
1 Flat Rock X X X
2 Flat Rock X X X
3 Flat Rock X X X
4 Artarmon X X X
5 Ruth X X X
6 Ruth X X X
7 Cambourne X X X
8 Middle Harbour X X X
9 Bare X X X
10 Bare X X X
11 Greenwoods West X X X X
12 Heath Track X X X X
13 Fireclay X X X X
14 Fireclay X X X X
15 Middle Harbour X X X X
16 Middle Harbour X X X
17 Frenchs X X X
18 Frenchs X X X
19 Cascade X X X
20 Frenchs X X X
21 Scotts X X X
22 Scotts X X X
23 Scotts X X X
24 Scotts X X X
25 Scotts X X X
26 Scotts X X X
27 Scotts X X X
Unknown
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 42
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F3 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
28 Scotts X X X X
29 Scotts X X X
30 Scotts X X X
31 Scotts X X X
32 Main X X X
33 Main X X X
34 Main X X X
35 Main X X X
36 Main X X X
37 Main X X X
38 Main X X X
39 Main X X X
40 Main X X X
41 Main X X X
42 Main X X X
43 Main X X X
44 Moores X X X X
45 Moores X X X
46 Moores X X X
47 Moores X X X
48 Moores X X X
49 Moores X X X
50 Moores X X X
51 Moores X X X
52 Moores X X X
53 Rocky X X X
54 Rocky X X X
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 43
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F3 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 44
Dry
Pool
Run
Flow Water clarity
55 Barra Brui X X X
56 High Ridge X X X X
57 High Ridge X X X
58 High Ridge X X X X
59 High Ridge X X X X
60 High Ridge X X X
61 Dalrymple Hay X X X
62 Dalrymple Hay X X X
63 Dalrymple Hay X X X
64 Stoney X X X
65 Stoney X X X
66 Stoney X X X
67 Rocky X X X X
68 Rocky X X X
69 Rocky X X X X
70 Rocky X X X
71 Rocky X X X
72 Rocky X X X
73 Northern X X X X
74 Southern X X X
75 Southern X X X
76 Truscott X X X
77 Truscott X X X
78 Rosetta X X X
79 Gordon X X X
80 Gordon X X X
81 Gordon X X X
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F3 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
Unknown
82 Rosetta X X X X
83 Gordon X X X
84 Gordon X X X
85 Gordon X X X X
86 Gordon X X X X
87 Wombin X X X X
88 Gordon X X X X
89 Nelson X X X
90 Nelson X X X
91 Wombin X X X
92 Wombin X X X
93 Quarry Masons X X X
94 Camp X X X X
95 Sugarloaf X X X
96 Sugarloaf X X X X
97 Sugarloaf X X X
98 Sugarloaf X X X
99 Sugarloaf X X X
100 Sugarloaf X X X
101 Sailors X X X
102 Sailors X X X
103 Sailors X X X
104 Bates X X X
105 Bates X X X
106 Bates X X X X
107 Bates X X X X
108 Carroll X X X X
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 45
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix F3 (continued). Substrata and water characteristics of the subcatchment of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Site
No.
Creek name
Concrete
Bedrock
Boulder
Substrata Flow Water clarity
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Mud
109 Carroll X X X
110 Carroll X X X
111 Carroll X X X
112 Carroll X X X X
113 Mcbrien X X X
114 Prahran X X X X
115 Carroll X X X
116 Carroll X X X
117 Dangar X X X
118 Dangar X X X
119 Matthews X X X
120 The Bluff X X X
121 Elegans X X X
122 Carcoola X X X X
123 Carcoola X X X X
124 Douglas X X X X
125 Cambourne X X X
126 Blackburn X X X
127 Middle Harbour X X X X
128 Linden X X X
129 Frenchs X X X X
130 Frenchs X X X
131 Frenchs X X X
132 Frenchs X X X
133 Frenchs X X X
134 Willoughby X X X
135 Willoughby X X X
136 Flat Rock X X X X
Unknown
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 46
Dry
Pool
Run
Riffle
Rapid
Waterfall
NA
Turbid
Cloudy
Clear
Orange colour

Appendix G1. Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Parramatta River subcatchment in March – April 2008.
Site
No.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
1 Toongabbie X
2 Finlaysons X
3 Finlaysons X
4 Coopers X X
5 Coopers X X
6 Toongabbie X
7 Quarry X X X X
8 Quarry X
9 Mills X X
10 Darling Mills X X X X
11 Darling Mills X
12 Lake X
13 Lake X
14 Lake X
15 Seville X X
16 Hunts X
17 Hunts X
18 Rifle Range X
19 Darling Mills X X
20 Bellbird X
Subtotal 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 6 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 47
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G1 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Parramatta River subcatchment in March – April 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
21 O'regan X
22 Excelsior X
23 Christmas Bush X
24 Saw Mill X
25 Excelsior X
26 Coachwood X
27 Excelsior X
28 Bellbird X X
29 Darling Mills X
30 Bellamys X X
31 T oongabbie X
32 Pendle X X X X X X
33 Pendle X X
34 Mettella X
35 Mettella X
36 Girraween X X
37 Girraween X
38 Girraween X
39 Grantham X X
40 Grantham X X
Subtotal 16 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 13 0 0 8 0 8 1 1 0 0 7 1 0 0 0 1 0
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 48
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G1 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Parramatta River subcatchment in March – April 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
41 Grantham X
42 Blacktown X X X X
43 Blacktown X
44 Boyd X X
45 Blacktown X X
46 Blacktown X X X X
47 Lalor X
48 Lalor X X X X
49 Lalor X X
50 Crestwood X
51 Crestwood X
52 Crestwood X
53 Jasper X
54 Toongabbie X
55 Toongabbie X
56 Toongabbie X
57 Goodhall X
58 Masons X X
59 Domain X X
60 Parramatta X
Subtotal 21 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 1 0 20 0 0 12 0 16 3 1 1 0 12 1 1 0 0 1 0
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 49
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G1 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Parramatta River subcatchment in March – April 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 50
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Em e rge n t Floating
61 Parramatta X
62 Parramatta X
63 Wilde X
64 Doyle X X
65 Vineyard X
66 Robert X
67 Robert X
68 Vineyard X X
69 Subiaco X
70 Subiaco X
71 Upjohn X X X
72 Upjohn X X
73 The Ponds X
74 The Ponds X
75 The Ponds X
76 Sunvalley X
77 Sophia X
78 Dundas X
79 Clay Cliff X
80 Clay Cliff X
Subtotal 28 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 1 0 27 1 0 13 0 20 4 2 1 0 12 1 1 1 0 1 1
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G1 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Parramatta River subcatchment in March – April 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
81 Duck Creek X
82 Duck Creek X
83 Colquhoun X
84 Colquhoun X X
85 Duck River X
86 Duck River X
87 Duck River X
88 Duck River X
89 Abecketts X X
90 Abecketts X X
91 Abecketts X
92 Haslams X
93 Haslams X
94 Powells X
95 Archer X X X X
96 Smalls X
97 Charity X
0/98 Finlaysons X
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
Total 40 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 1 0 31 2 0 15 1 21 5 2 1 1 13 1 1 1 0 1 1
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 51
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G2. Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Site
No.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
1 Highfield X X X
2 Highfield X
3 L. Blue Gum X X
4 L .Blue Gum X
5 Blue Gum X
6 Blue Gum X
7 Blue Gum X
8 Alexander X
9 Sugarbag X
10 Congham X X X
11 Congham X X X X
12 Quarry X X X
13 Lane Cove X
14 Lane Cove X
15 Devlin X
16 Devlin X
17 Devlin X
18 Lane Cove X X X
19 Ulm X X X X
20 Ulm X
Subtotal 9 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 1 5 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 52
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G2 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
21 Lane Cove X
22 Cove X
23 Cove X
24 Lane Cove X
25 Currong X X
26 Lane Cove X
27 Terrys X
28 Devlin X
29 Devlin X
30 Day X
31 Robecq X
32 Kethel X
33 Seale X
34 Byles X
35 Byles X
36 Britannia X
37 Devlins X
38 Beecroft X
39 Ray X X
40 Ray X
Subtotal 24 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 9 0 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 53
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G2 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
41 Coverdale X X X X
42 Orchard X X
43 Chilworth X
44 Devlins X
45 Coups X
46 Coups X
47 Coups X
48 Lane Cove X
49 Alinta X X X
50 Alinta X
51 Alinta X
52 Carters X
53 Porters X
54 Lane Cove X
55 Rudders X
56 Blackbutt X
57 Falls X
58 Links X
59 Falls X X X X X
60 Blackbutt X
Subtotal 38 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 0 1 12 0 9 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 5 0 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 54
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G2 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
61 Blackbutt X
62 Blackbutt X
63 Blackbutt X X
64 Gordon X
65 Gordon X X
66 Gordon X X
67 Links X X X X X
68 Blackbutt X
69 Lane Cove X
70 Charles X
71 Edgar X X
72 Edgar X
73 Swaines X
74 Swaines X
75 Coolaroo X X X X
76 Stringybark X X
77 Stringybark X X
78 Stringybark X
79 Stringybark X
80 Stringybark X
Subtotal 46 0 5 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 20 0 1 19 0 12 0 4 0 1 1 0 0 6 1 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 55
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G2 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
81 Stony X
82 Tannery X
83 Tannery X
84 Tambourine X
85 Tambourine X
86 Tambourine X X
87 Gore X
88 Gore X
89 Gore X
90 Pages X
91 Pages X
92 Martins X X X X X
93 Kittys X X
94 Kittys X
95 Strangers X X X
96 Strangers X
97 Pidding X
98 Buffalo X
99 Buffalo X X
100 Buffalo X
Subtotal 58 0 5 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 27 1 1 23 0 16 0 4 0 1 2 0 0 6 1 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 56
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G2 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Emergent Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
101 Brickmakers X X X
102 Seymour X X
103 Morona X X X X
104 Seymour X
105 Lane Cove X
106 Bradley X
107 Bradley X
108 Bradley X
109 Mitchell X
110 Twin Creeks X
111 Twin Creeks X
112 Holmes X
113 Twin Creeks X
114 Avondale X
115 Rofe X
116 Deadmans X X X
117 Avondale X
118 Avondale X X
119 Avondale X
120 Doncaster X X X X
Subtotal 68 1 5 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 33 1 1 27 0 18 0 5 0 1 4 0 1 9 1 1 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 57
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G2 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
121 Lane Cove X
122 Doncaster X
123 Doncaster X
124 Quarry X X
125 Sheldon X X
126 Sheldon X X
127 Troon X
128 Troon X
129 St. Andrews X
130 Khartoom X X
131 Mars X X
132 Mars X X
133 Mars X X
134 Mars X
135 Mars X
136 Mars X X
137 Mars X X X
138 Shrimptons X
139 Shrimptons X X
140 Shrimptons X X
Subtotal 74 1 5 2 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 41 1 2 33 0 18 0 6 0 2 4 0 1 12 1 2 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 58
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G2 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of the Lane Cove River in December 2007 – February 2008.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
141 Taranto X
142 Harper X
143 Terrys X
144 Harper X
145 Dence X
146 Terrys X
147 Edna Hunt X
148 Terra Ulong X
149 Camp X
150 Scout X
151 Camp X
0/152 L. Blue Gum X
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
Total 82 1 5 3 3 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 43 1 2 33 0 19 0 6 0 2 4 0 1 12 1 2 0
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 59
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G3. Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Site
No.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 60
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Floating
1 Flat Rock X X
2 Flat Rock X
3 Flat Rock X
4 Artarmon X
5 Ruth X
6 Ruth X
7 Cambourne X
8 Middle Harbour X
9 Bare X X X
10 Bare X
11 Greenwoods Wes X
12 Heath Track X
13 Fireclay X
14 Fireclay X
15 Middle Harbour X
16 Middle Harbour X X
17 Frenchs X X
18 Frenchs X X X
19 Cascade X
20 Frenchs X X
Subtotal 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G3 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
21 Scotts X
22 Scotts X
23 Scotts X
24 Scotts X
25 Scotts X X X
26 Scotts X
27 Scotts X
28 Scotts X
29 Scotts X X X
30 Scotts X
31 Scotts X
32 Main X
33 Main X
34 Main X
35 Main X
36 Main X
37 Main X
38 Main X
39 Main X X
40 Main X
Subtotal 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 2 4 0 4 4 0 1 1 3 0 0 4 0 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 61
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G3 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 62
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Em e rge n t Floating
41 Main X
42 Main X
43 Main X
44 Moores X
45 Moores X
46 Moores X
47 Moores X
48 Moores X
49 Moores X
50 Moores X
51 Moores X
52 Moores X
53 Rocky X
54 Rocky X
55 Barra Brui X
56 High Ridge X
57 High Ridge X
58 High Ridge X
59 High Ridge X
60 High Ridge X
Subtotal 36 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7 0 2 4 0 4 4 0 1 1 3 0 0 7 0 0 0
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G3 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
61 Dalrymple Hay X
62 Dalrymple Hay X
63 Dalrymple Hay X
64 Stoney X
65 Stoney X
66 Stoney X
67 Rocky X
68 Rocky X
69 Rocky X
70 Rocky X
71 Rocky X
72 Rocky X X
73 Northern X
74 Southern X
75 Southern X
76 Truscott X
77 Truscott X
78 Rosetta X
79 Gordon X
80 Gordon X
Subtotal 54 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 2 5 0 4 4 0 1 1 3 0 0 7 0 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 63
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G3 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 64
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Floating
81 Gordon X
82 Rosetta X
83 Gordon X
84 Gordon X
85 Gordon X
86 Gordon X
87 Wombin X
88 Gordon X
89 Nelson X
90 Nelson X
91 Wombin X
92 Wombin X
93 Quarry Masons X
94 Camp X
95 Sugarloaf X
96 Sugarloaf X X
97 Sugarloaf X X
98 Sugarloaf X X
99 Sugarloaf X
100 Sugarloaf X X
Subtotal 69 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 12 0 2 8 0 5 4 0 1 1 3 0 0 9 0 0 0
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G3 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
Cyperus congestus
101 Sailors X
102 Sailors X
103 Sailors X
104 Bates X X
105 Bates X X
106 Bates X X
107 Bates X
108 Carroll X
109 Carroll X X
110 Carroll X
111 Carroll X
112 Carroll X
113 Mcbrien X X X
114 Prahran X
115 Carroll X X X X
116 Carroll X
117 Dangar X
118 Dangar X X
119 Matthews X
120 The Bluff X
Subtotal 79 0 3 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 13 3 2 9 0 6 4 2 2 1 3 0 0 16 0 0 0
Cyperus eragrostis
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 65
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

Appendix G3 (continued). Presence of aquatic macrophytes in the tributaries of Middle Harbour Creek in September – December 2007.
Red font = introduced species and locations; green font = only native species and locations; purple font = introduced and native species.
Site
No.
Creek name
No vegetation
Ceratophyllum demersum
Chara spp.
Egeria densa
Submerged Em e rge n t Floating
Hydrilla verticillatta
Nitella spp.
Potamogeton crispus
Potamogeton ochreatus
Myriophyllum aquaticum
Baumea articulata
Bolboschoenus caldwellii
121 Elegans X
122 Carcoola X
123 Carcoola X
124 Douglas X
125 Cambourne X
126 Blackburn X
127 Middle Harbour X
128 Linden X
129 Frenchs X
130 Frenchs X X X
131 Frenchs X X
132 Frenchs X
133 Frenchs X X
134 Willoughby X
135 Willoughby X
0/136 Flat Rock X
Cyperus congestus
Cyperus eragrostis
Total 88 0 3 3 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 13 5 2 12 0 7 5 2 2 1 4 0 0 17 0 0 0
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment Page 66
Cyperus involucratus
Juncus articulatus
Juncus usitatus
Ludwigia peruviana
Persicaria decipiens
Phragmites australis
Ranunculus repens
Schoenoplectus validus
Sagittaria platyphylla
Typha orientalis
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Azolla spp.
Callitriche stagnalis
Lemna spp.
Nymphaea spp.
Potamogrton tricarinatus

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 67
Appendix H. Overview of species of aquatic plants found in the Parramatta River in the
Waterway Health Study (2008) and this study, 2007 – 2008.
Growth Introduced Scientific name Common name WHS (2007) This study
Submerged Ceratophyllum demersum Hornwort X
Chara spp. Musk Grass X
X Egeria densa Dense Waterweed X
Hydrilla verticillatta Hydrilla X
Nitella spp. Musk Grass X
Potamogeton crispus Curly Pondweed X
Potamogeton ochreatus Blunt Pondweed X
X Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrots Feather X
Subtotal 0 8
Emergent Baumea articulata Jointed Twigrush X
Bolboschoenus caldwellii - X
X Cyperus congestus Clustered Flatsedge X
X Cyperus eragrostis Umbrella Sedge X
X Cyperus involucratus Cyperus X
X # Gymnocoronis spilanthoides Senegal tea X Not found
X Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush X
Juncus usitatus Common Rush X
X Ludwigia peruviana Ludwigia X X
Persicaria decipiens Slender Knotweed X
Phragmites australis Common Reed X
X Ranunculus repens Creeping Buttercup X
Schoenoplectus validus River Clubrush X
X Sagittaria platyphylla Sagittaria X
Typha orientalis Cumbungi X
Subtotal 2 15
Floating X * Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligator Weed X
Azolla spp. Azolla X
X Callitriche stagnalis Common Starwort X
Lemna spp. Duckweed X
X Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth X Not found
Nymphaea spp. Waterlily X
Potamogeton sulcatus Floating Pondweed X
X* Salvinia molesta Salvinia X Not found
Subtotal 2 6
Riverine X Hyparrhenia hirta Coolatai grass X Not looked for
(on-bank) X Ludwigia longifolia Long-leaf willow primrose X Not looked for
X Paspalum quadrifarium Tussock paspalum X Not looked for
Subtotal 3 NA
Total 7 29
* designated as a Weed of National Significance (WoNS) (A. Petroeschevsky, pers. comm., 2008).
# included on the National Alert List (A. Petroeschevsky, pers. comm., 2008).
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

68 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
Appendix I. Metadata statement.
DATA SET IDENTIFICATION
DATA SET
Name: Occurrence of freshwater macrophytes in the catchments of the
Parramatta River, Lane Cove River and Middle Harbour Creek
2007-2008
Author(s): R.J. Williams and I. Thiebaud
Custodian: Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority
Jurisdiction: Sydney, NSW
Keywords: freshwater plants, aquatic vegetation, native species, alien/exotic
species
DESCRIPTION
Abstract: Mapping was undertaken of habitat characteristics and of the
distribution of native and exotic macrophytes, including emergent,
floating and submerged species in the catchment of the Parramatta
River
Purpose: To establish a baseline description of the distribution of freshwater
vegetation. It will be used to prioritise rehabilitation in relation to
removal of exotic species and/or general enhancement of habitat.
Geographic Extent: The freshwater portion of the catchment of the Parramatta River
Projected Coordinate System: Datum: GDA94 Projection: MGA56
North bounding latitude -33.640888
South bounding latitude -33.966247
East bounding longitude 151.299764
West bounding longitude 150.966247
DATA CURRENCY
Beginning Date:
Ending Date:
DATASET STATUS
Progress: Complete
Maintenance and update frequency: Not planned by DPI and contingent on SMCMA Catchment Action
Plan
ACCESS
Stored Data Format: Digital Arcview shapefile
Available format types: Digital Arcview shapefile and non digital maps and tables
Access constraints
DATA QUALITY
Lineage:
Positional Accuracy: All data were acquired in the field and mapped using a GPS with a
positional accuracy of less than 10 metres
Attribute Accuracy: Site visits and visual observation; taxonomic texts
Logical Consistency:
Completeness: Completed in June 2009
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

NSW Dept of Primary Industries 69
Appendix I (continued). Metadata statement.
CONTACT ADDRESS
Contact Organisation: New South Wales Department of Primary Industries
Mail Address 1: Aquatic Ecology Research Unit
Mail Address 2: Port Stephens Fisheries Centre
Mail Address 3: Private Bag 1
Suburb/Place/Locality: Nelson Bay
State: NSW
Country: Australia
Postcode: 2315
Telephone: 02 49821232
Facsimile: 02 49822265
Electronic Mailing Address: isabelle.thiebaud@dpi.nsw.gov.au
METADATA DATE
Metadata Date: 9th June 2009
Author: Isabelle Thiebaud
Additional Info: The study integrates selected output from the SMCMA Waterways
Health Strategy (WHS) (Earth Tech Pty. Ltd. 2007). Site photos are
available from NSW DPI and SMCMA.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

70 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
Other titles in this series:
ISSN 1440-3544 (NSW Fisheries Final Report Series)
No. 1 Andrew, N.L., Graham, K.J., Hodgson, K.E. and Gordon, G.N.G., 1998. Changes after 20 years in relative
abundance and size composition of commercial fishes caught during fishery independent surveys on SEF
trawl grounds. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 96/139.
No. 2 Virgona, J.L., Deguara, K.L., Sullings, D.J., Halliday, I. and Kelly, K., 1998. Assessment of the stocks of sea
mullet in New South Wales and Queensland waters. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development
Corporation. Project No. 94/024.
No. 3 Stewart, J., Ferrell, D.J. and Andrew, N.L., 1998. Ageing Yellowtail (Trachurus novaezelandiae) and Blue
Mackerel (Scomber australasicus) in New South Wales. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development
Corporation. Project No. 95/151.
No. 4 Pethebridge, R., Lugg, A. and Harris, J., 1998. Obstructions to fish passage in New South Wales South Coast
streams. Final report to Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology. 70pp.
No. 5 Kennelly, S.J. and Broadhurst, M.K., 1998. Development of by-catch reducing prawn-trawls and fishing
practices in NSW's prawn-trawl fisheries (and incorporating an assessment of the effect of increasing mesh
size in fish trawl gear). Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 93/180.
18pp + appendices.
No. 6 Allan, G.L. and Rowland, S.J., 1998. Fish meal replacement in aquaculture feeds for silver perch. Final
Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 93/120-03. 237pp + appendices.
No. 7 Allan, G.L., 1998. Fish meal replacement in aquaculture feeds: subprogram administration. Final Report to
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 93/120. 54pp + appendices.
No. 8 Heasman, M.P., O'Connor, W.A. and O'Connor, S.J., 1998. Enhancement and farming of scallops in NSW
using hatchery produced seedstock. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project
No. 94/083. 146pp.
No. 9 Nell, J.A., McMahon, G.A. and Hand, R.E., 1998. Tetraploidy induction in Sydney rock oysters. Final Report
to Cooperative Research Centre for Aquaculture. Project No. D.4.2. 25pp.
No. 10 Nell, J.A. and Maguire, G.B., 1998. Commercialisation of triploid Sydney rock and Pacific oysters. Part 1:
Sydney rock oysters. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 93/151.
122pp.
No. 11 Watford, F.A. and Williams, R.J., 1998. Inventory of estuarine vegetation in Botany Bay, with special
reference to changes in the distribution of seagrass. Final Report to Fishcare Australia. Project No.
97/003741. 51pp.
No. 12 Andrew, N.L., Worthington D.G., Brett, P.A. and Bentley N., 1998. Interactions between the abalone fishery
and sea urchins in New South Wales. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation.
Project No. 93/102.
No. 13 Jackson, K.L. and Ogburn, D.M., 1999. Review of depuration and its role in shellfish quality assurance. Final
Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 96/355. 77pp.
No. 14 Fielder, D.S., Bardsley, W.J. and Allan, G.L., 1999. Enhancement of Mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) in
intermittently opening lagoons. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No.
95/148. 50pp + appendices.
No. 15 Otway, N.M. and Macbeth, W.G., 1999. The physical effects of hauling on seagrass beds. Final Report to
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 95/149 and 96/286. 86pp.
No. 16 Gibbs, P., McVea, T. and Louden, B., 1999. Utilisation of restored wetlands by fish and invertebrates. Final
Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 95/150. 142pp.
No. 17 Ogburn, D. and Ruello, N., 1999. Waterproof labelling and identification systems suitable for shellfish and
other seafood and aquaculture products. Whose oyster is that? Final Report to Fisheries Research and
Development Corporation. Project No. 95/360. 50pp.
No. 18 Gray, C.A., Pease, B.C., Stringfellow, S.L., Raines, L.P. and Walford, T.R., 2000. Sampling estuarine fish
species for stock assessment. Includes appendices by D.J. Ferrell, B.C. Pease, T.R. Walford, G.N.G. Gordon,
C.A. Gray and G.W. Liggins. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No.
94/042. 194pp.
No. 19 Otway, N.M. and Parker, P.C., 2000. The biology, ecology, distribution, abundance and identification of
marine protected areas for the conservation of threatened Grey Nurse Sharks in south east Australian waters.
Final Report to Environment Australia. 101pp.
No. 20 Allan, G.L. and Rowland, S.J., 2000. Consumer sensory evaluation of silver perch cultured in ponds on meat
meal based diets. Final Report to Meat & Livestock Australia. Project No. PRCOP.009. 21pp + appendices.
(Williams and Thiebaud) Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment

Other titles in this series 71
No. 21 Kennelly, S.J. and Scandol, J. P., 2000. Relative abundances of spanner crabs and the development of a
population model for managing the NSW spanner crab fishery. Final Report to Fisheries Research and
Development Corporation. Project No. 96/135. 43pp + appendices.
No. 22 Williams, R.J., Watford, F.A. and Balashov, V., 2000. Kooragang Wetland Rehabilitation Project: History of
changes to estuarine wetlands of the lower Hunter River. Final Report to Kooragang Wetland Rehabilitation
Project Steering Committee. 82pp.
No. 23 Survey Development Working Group, 2000. Development of the National Recreational and Indigenous
Fishing Survey. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 98/169.
(Volume 1 – 36pp + Volume 2 – attachments).
No.24 Rowling, K.R and Raines, L.P., 2000. Description of the biology and an assessment of the fishery of Silver
Trevally Pseudocaranx dentex off New South Wales. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development
Corporation. Project No. 97/125. 69pp.
No. 25 Allan, G.L., Jantrarotai, W., Rowland, S., Kosuturak, P. and Booth, M., 2000. Replacing fishmeal in
aquaculture diets. Final Report to the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. Project No.
9207. 13pp.
No. 26 Gehrke, P.C., Gilligan, D.M. and Barwick, M., 2001. Fish communities and migration in the Shoalhaven
River – Before construction of a fishway. Final Report to Sydney Catchment Authority. 126pp.
No. 27 Rowling, K.R. and Makin, D.L., 2001. Monitoring of the fishery for Gemfish Rexea solandri, 1996 to 2000.
Final Report to the Australian Fisheries Management Authority. 44pp.
No. 28 Otway, N.M., 1999. Identification of candidate sites for declaration of aquatic reserves for the conservation of
rocky intertidal communities in the Hawkesbury Shelf and Batemans Shelf Bioregions. Final Report to
Environment Australia for the Marine Protected Areas Program. Project No. OR22. 88pp.
No. 29 Heasman, M.P., Goard, L., Diemar, J. and Callinan, R., 2000. Improved Early Survival of Molluscs: Sydney
Rock Oyster (Saccostrea glomerata). Final report to the Aquaculture Cooperative Research Centre. Project
No. A.2.1. 63pp.
No. 30 Allan, G.L., Dignam, A and Fielder, S., 2001. Developing Commercial Inland Saline Aquaculture in
Australia: Part 1. R&D Plan. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No.
1998/335.
No. 31 Allan, G.L., Banens, B. and Fielder, S., 2001. Developing Commercial Inland Saline Aquaculture in
Australia: Part 2. Resource Inventory and Assessment. Final report to Fisheries Research and Development
Corporation. Project No. 1998/335. 33pp.
No. 32 Bruce, A., Growns, I. and Gehrke, P., 2001. Woronora River Macquarie Perch Survey. Final report to Sydney
Catchment Authority, April 2001. 116pp.
No. 33 Morris, S.A., Pollard, D.A., Gehrke, P.C. and Pogonoski, J.J., 2001. Threatened and Potentially Threatened
Freshwater Fishes of Coastal New South Wales and the Murray-Darling Basin. Report to Fisheries Action
Program and World Wide Fund for Nature. Project No. AA 0959.98. 177pp.
No. 34 Heasman, M.P., Sushames, T.M., Diemar, J.A., O’Connor, W.A. and Foulkes, L.A., 2001. Production of
Micro-algal Concentrates for Aquaculture Part 2: Development and Evaluation of Harvesting, Preservation,
Storage and Feeding Technology. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project
No. 1993/123 and 1996/342. 150pp + appendices.
No. 35 Stewart, J. and Ferrell, D.J., 2001. Mesh selectivity in the NSW demersal trap fishery. Final Report to
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 1998/138. 86pp.
No. 36 Stewart, J., Ferrell, D.J., van der Walt, B., Johnson, D. and Lowry, M., 2001. Assessment of length and age
composition of commercial kingfish landings. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development
Corporation. Project No. 1997/126. 49pp.
No. 37 Gray, C.A. and Kennelly, S.J., 2001. Development of discard-reducing gears and practices in the estuarine
prawn and fish haul fisheries of NSW. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation.
Project No. 1997/207. 151pp.
No. 38 Murphy, J.J., Lowry, M.B., Henry, G.W. and Chapman, D., 2002. The Gamefish Tournament Monitoring
Program – 1993 to 2000. Final report to Australian Fisheries Management Authority. 93pp.
No. 39 Kennelly, S.J. and McVea, T.A. (Ed), 2002. Scientific reports on the recovery of the Richmond and Macleay
Rivers following fish kills in February and March 2001. 325pp.
No. 40 Pollard, D.A. and Pethebridge, R.L., 2002. Report on Port of Botany Bay Introduced Marine Pest Species
Survey. Final Report to Sydney Ports Corporation. 69pp.
No. 41 Pollard, D.A. and Pethebridge, R.L., 2002. Report on Port Kembla Introduced Marine Pest Species Survey.
Final Report to Port Kembla Port Corporation. 72pp.
No. 42 O’Connor, W.A, Lawler, N.F. and Heasman, M.P., 2003. Trial farming the akoya pearl oyster, Pinctada
imbricata, in Port Stephens, NSW. Final Report to Australian Radiata Pty. Ltd. 170pp.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

72 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
No. 43 Fielder, D.S. and Allan, G.L., 2003. Improving fingerling production and evaluating inland saline water
culture of snapper, Pagrus auratus. Final Report to the Aquaculture Cooperative Research Centre. Project
No. C4.2. 62pp.
No. 44 Astles, K.L., Winstanley, R.K., Harris, J.H. and Gehrke, P.C., 2003. Experimental study of the effects of cold
water pollution on native fish. A Final Report for the Regulated Rivers and Fisheries Restoration Project.
55pp.
No. 45 Gilligan, D.M., Harris, J.H. and Mallen-Cooper, M., 2003. Monitoring changes in the Crawford River fish
community following replacement of an effective fishway with a vertical-slot fishway design: Results of an
eight year monitoring program. Final Report to the Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology.
80pp.
No. 46 Pollard, D.A. and Rankin, B.K., 2003. Port of Eden Introduced Marine Pest Species Survey. Final Report to
Coasts & Clean Seas Program. 67pp.
No. 47 Otway, N.M., Burke, A.L., Morrison, NS. and Parker, P.C., 2003. Monitoring and identification of NSW
Critical Habitat Sites for conservation of Grey Nurse Sharks. Final Report to Environment Australia. Project
No. 22499. 62pp.
No. 48 Henry, G.W. and Lyle, J.M. (Ed), 2003. The National Recreational and Indigenous Fishing Survey. Final
Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 1999/158. 188 pp.
No. 49 Nell, J.A., 2003. Selective breeding for disease resistance and fast growth in Sydney rock oysters. Final
Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 1996/357. 44pp. (Also available – a
CD-Rom published in March 2004 containing a collection of selected manuscripts published over the last
decade in peer-reviewed journals).
No. 50 Gilligan, D. and Schiller, S., 2003. Downstream transport of larval and juvenile fish. A final report for the
Natural Resources Management Strategy. Project No. NRMS R7019. 66pp.
No. 51 Liggins, G.W., Scandol, J.P. and Kennelly, S.J., 2003. Recruitment of Population Dynamacist. Final Report
to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 1993/214.05. 44pp.
No. 52 Steffe, A.S. and Chapman, J.P., 2003. A survey of daytime recreational fishing during the annual period,
March 1999 to February 2000, in Lake Macquarie, New South Wales. NSW Fisheries Final Report. 124pp.
No. 53 Barker, D. and Otway, N., 2003. Environmental assessment of zinc coated wire mesh sea cages in Botany
Bay NSW. Final Report to OneSteel Limited. 36pp.
No. 54 Growns, I., Astles, A. and Gehrke, P., 2003. Spatial and temporal variation in composition of riverine fish
communities. Final Report to Water Management Fund. Project No. SW1 part 2. 24pp.
No. 55 Gray, C. A., Johnson, D.D., Young, D.J. and Broadhurst, M. K., 2003. Bycatch assessment of the Estuarine
Commercial Gill Net Fishery in NSW. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation.
Project No. 2000/172. 58pp.
No. 56 Worthington, D.G. and Blount, C., 2003. Research to develop and manage the sea urchin fisheries of NSW
and eastern Victoria. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No.
1999/128. 182pp.
No. 57 Baumgartner, L.J., 2003. Fish passage through a Deelder lock on the Murrumbidgee River, Australia. NSW
Fisheries Final Report. 34pp.
No. 58 Allan, G.L., Booth, M.A., David A.J. Stone, D.A.J. and Anderson, A.J., 2004. Aquaculture Diet Development
Subprogram: Ingredient Evaluation. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation.
Project No. 1996/391. 171pp.
No. 59 Smith, D.M., Allan, G.L. and Booth, M.A., 2004. Aquaculture Diet Development Subprogram: Nutrient
Requirements of Aquaculture Species. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation.
Project No. 1996/392. 220pp.
No. 60 Barlow, C.G., Allan, G.L., Williams, K.C., Rowland, S.J. and Smith, D.M., 2004. Aquaculture Diet
Development Subprogram: Diet Validation and Feeding Strategies. Final Report to Fisheries Research and
Development Corporation. Project No. 1996/393. 197pp.
No. 61 Heasman, M.H., 2004. Sydney Rock Oyster Hatchery Workshop 8 – 9 August 2002, Port Stephens, NSW.
Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 2002/206. 115pp.
No. 62 Heasman, M., Chick, R., Savva, N., Worthington, D., Brand, C., Gibson, P. and Diemar, J., 2004.
Enhancement of populations of abalone in NSW using hatchery-produced seed. Final Report to Fisheries
Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 1998/219. 269pp.
No. 63 Otway, N.M. and Burke, A.L., 2004. Mark-recapture population estimate and movements of Grey Nurse
Sharks. Final Report to Environment Australia. Project No. 30786/87. 53pp.
No. 64 Creese, R.G., Davis, A.R. and Glasby, T.M., 2004. Eradicating and preventing the spread of the invasive alga
Caulerpa taxifolia in NSW. Final Report to the Natural Heritage Trust’s Coasts and Clean Seas Introduced
Marine Pests Program. Project No. 35593. 110pp.
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Other titles in this series 73
No. 65 Baumgartner, L.J., 2004. The effects of Balranald Weir on spatial and temporal distributions of lower
Murrumbidgee River fish assemblages. Final Report to the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry –
Australia (National Heritage Trust MD2001 Fishrehab Program). 30pp.
No. 66 Heasman, M., Diggles, B.K., Hurwood, D., Mather, P., Pirozzi, I. and Dworjanyn, S., 2004. Paving the way
for continued rapid development of the flat (angasi) oyster (Ostrea angasi) farming in New South Wales.
Final Report to the Department of Transport & Regional Services. Project No. NT002/0195. 40pp.
ISSN 1449-9967 (NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series)
No. 67 Kroon, F.J., Bruce, A.M., Housefield, G.P. and Creese, R.G., 2004. Coastal floodplain management in eastern
Australia: barriers to fish and invertebrate recruitment in acid sulphate soil catchments. Final Report to
Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 1998/215. 212pp.
No. 68 Walsh, S., Copeland, C. and Westlake, M., 2004. Major fish kills in the northern rivers of NSW in 2001:
Causes, Impacts & Responses. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report. 55pp.
No. 69 Pease, B.C. (Ed), 2004. Description of the biology and an assessment of the fishery for adult longfinned eels
in NSW. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. Project No. 1998/127. 168pp.
No. 70 West, G., Williams, R.J. and Laird, R., 2004. Distribution of estuarine vegetation in the Parramatta River and
Sydney Harbour, 2000. Final Report to NSW Maritime and the Australian Maritime Safety Authority. 37pp.
No. 71 Broadhurst, M.K., Macbeth, W.G. and Wooden, M.E.L., 2005. Reducing the discarding of small prawns in
NSW's commercial and recreational prawn fisheries. Final Report to the Fisheries Research & Development
Corporation. Project No. 2001/031. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series
No. 71. 202pp.
No. 72. Graham, K.J., Lowry, M.B. and Walford, T.R., 2005. Carp in NSW: Assessment of distribution, fishery and
fishing methods. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 72. 88pp.
No. 73 Stewart, J., Hughes, J.M., Gray, C.A. and Walsh, C., 2005. Life history, reproductive biology, habitat use and
fishery status of eastern sea garfish (Hyporhamphus australis) and river garfish (H. regularis ardelio) in
NSW waters. Final report on the Fisheries Research & Development Corporation Project No. 2001/027.
180pp.
No. 74 Growns, I. and Gehrke, P., 2005. Integrated Monitoring of Environmental Flows: Assessment of predictive
modelling for river flows and fish. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series
No. 74. 33pp.
No. 75 Gilligan, D., 2005. Fish communities of the Murrumbidgee catchment: Status and trends. Final report to the
Murrumbidgee Catchment Management Authority. Project No. BG4_03. 138pp.
No. 76 Ferrell, D.J., 2005. Biological information for appropriate management of endemic fish species at Lord Howe
Island. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 76. 18 pp.
No. 77 Gilligan, D., Gehrke, P. and Schiller, C., 2005. Testing methods and ecological consequences of large-scale
removal of common carp. Final report to the Water Management Fund – Programs MFW6 and MUR5. 46pp.
No. 78 Boys, C.A., Esslemont, G. and Thoms, M.C., 2005. Fish habitat and protection in the Barwon-Darling and
Paroo Rivers. Final report to the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry – Australia (AFFA).
118pp.
No. 79 Steffe, A.S., Murphy, J.J., Chapman, D.J. and Gray, C.C., 2005. An assessment of changes in the daytime
recreational fishery of Lake Macquarie following the establishment of a ‘Recreational Fishing Haven’. NSW
Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 79. 103pp.
No. 80 Gannassin, C. and Gibbs, P., 2005. Broad-Scale Interactions Between Fishing and Mammals, Reptiles and
Birds in NSW Marine Waters. Final Report for a project undertaken for the NSW Biodiversity Strategy. NSW
Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 80. 171pp.
No. 81 Steffe, A.S., Murphy, J.J., Chapman, D.J., Barrett, G.P. and Gray, C.A., 2005. An assessment of changes in
the daytime, boat-based, recreational fishery of the Tuross Lake estuary following the establishment of a
'Recreational Fishing Haven'. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 81.
70pp.
No. 82 Silberschnieder, V. and Gray, C.A., 2005. Arresting the decline of the commercial and recreational fisheries
for mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus). Final report on the Fisheries Research & Development Corporation
Project No. 2001/027. 71pp.
No. 83 Gilligan, D., 2005. Fish communities of the Lower Murray-Darling catchment: Status and trends. Final report
to the Lower Murray Darling Catchment Management Authority. Project No. MD 005.03. 106pp.
No. 84 Baumgartner, L.J., Reynoldson, N., Cameron, L. and Stanger, J., 2006. Assessment of a Dual-frequency
Identification Sonar (DIDSON) for application in fish migration studies. NSW Department of Primary
Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 84. 33pp.
No. 85 Park, T., 2006. FishCare Volunteer Program Angling Survey: Summary of data collected and
recommendations. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 85. 41pp.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)

74 NSW Dept of Primary Industries
No. 86 Baumgartner, T., 2006. A preliminary assessment of fish passage through a Denil fishway on the Edward
River, Australia. Final report to the Lower Murray Darling Catchment Management Authority, Project No.
MD524. 23pp.
No. 87 Stewart, J., 2007. Observer study in the Estuary General sea garfish haul net fishery in NSW. NSW
Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 87. 23pp.
No. 88 Faragher, R.A., Pogonoski, J.J., Cameron, L., Baumgartner, L. and van der Walt, B., 2007. Assessment of a
stocking program: Findings and recommendations for the Snowy Lakes Trout Strategy. NSW Department of
Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 88. 46pp.
No. 89 Gilligan, D., Rolls, R., Merrick, J., Lintermans, M., Duncan, P. and Kohen, J., 2007. Scoping knowledge
requirements for Murray crayfish (Euastacus armatus). Final report to the Murray Darling Basin Commission
for Project No. 05/1066 NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 89.
103pp.
No. 90 Kelleway, J., Williams. R.J. and Allen, C.B., 2007. An assessment of the saltmarsh of the Parramatta River
and Sydney Harbour. Final report to NSW Maritime Authority. NSW DPI – Fisheries Final Report Series No.
90. 100pp.
No. 91 Williams, R.J. and Thiebaud, I., 2007. An analysis of changes to aquatic habitats and adjacent land-use in the
downstream portion of the Hawkesbury Nepean River over the past sixty years. Final report to the
Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment Management Authority. NSW DPI – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 91.
97pp.
No. 92 Baumgartner, L., Reynoldson, N., Cameron, L. and Stanger, J. The effects of selected irrigation practices on
fish of the Murray-Darling Basin. Final report to the Murray Darling Basin Commission for Project No.
R5006. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 92. 90pp.
No. 93 Rowland, S.J., Landos, M., Callinan, R.B., Allan, G.L., Read, P., Mifsud, C., Nixon, M., Boyd, P. and Tally,
P., 2007. Development of a health management strategy for the Silver Perch Aquaculture Industry. Final
report on the Fisheries Research & Development Corporation, Project No. 2000/267 and 2004/089. NSW DPI
– Fisheries Final Report Series No. 93. 219pp.
No. 94 Park, T., 2007. NSW Gamefish Tournament Monitoring – Angling Research Monitoring Program. Final
report to the NSW Recreational Fishing Trust. NSW DPI – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 94. 142pp.
No. 95 Heasman, M.P., Liu, W., Goodsell, P.J., Hurwood D.A. and Allan, G.L., 2007. Development and delivery of
technology for production, enhancement and aquaculture of blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra) in New South
Wales. Final Report to Fisheries Research and Development Corporation for Project No. 2001/33. NSW DPI
– Fisheries Final Report Series No. 95. 226pp.
No. 96 Ganassin, C. and Gibbs, P.J., 2007. A review of seagrass planting as a means of habitat compensation
following loss of seagrass meadow. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series
No. 96. 41pp.
No. 97 Stewart, J. and Hughes, J., 2008. Determining appropriate harvest size at harvest for species shared by the
commercial trap and recreational fisheries in New South Wales. Final Report to the Fisheries Research &
Development Corporation for Project No. 2004/035. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final
Report Series No. 97. 282pp.
No. 98 West, G. and Williams, R.J., 2008. A preliminary assessment of the historical, current and future cover of
seagrass in the estuary of the Parramatta River. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final
Report Series No. 98. 61pp.
No. 99 Williams, D.L. and Scandol, J.P., 2008. Review of NSW recreational fishing tournament-based monitoring
methods and datasets. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 99. 83pp.
No. 100 Allan, G.L., Heasman, H. and Bennison, S., 2008. Development of industrial-scale inland saline aquaculture:
Coordination and communication of R&D in Australia. Final Report to the Fisheries Research &
Development Corporation for Project No. 2004/241. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final
Report Series No. 100. 245pp.
No. 101 Gray, C.A and Barnes, L.M., 2008. Reproduction and growth of dusky flathead (Platycephalus fuscus) in
NSW estuaries. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 101. 26pp.
No. 102 Graham, K.J., 2008. The Sydney inshore trawl-whiting fishery: codend selectivity and fishery characteristics.
NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 102. 153pp.
No. 103 Macbeth, W.G., Johnson, D.D. and Gray, C.A., 2008. Assessment of a 35-mm square-mesh codend and
composite square-mesh panel configuration in the ocean prawn-trawl fishery of northern New South Wales.
Final Report to the Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority for Project No. IS7-8-243-06. NSW
Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 103. 104pp.
No. 104 O’Connor, W.A., Dove, M. and Finn, B., 2008. Sydney rock oysters: Overcoming constraints to commercial
scale hatchery and nursery production. Final Report to the Fisheries Research & Development Corporation
for Project No. 2003/209. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 104.
119pp.
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Other titles in this series 75
No. 105 Glasby, T.M. and Lobb, K., 2008. Assessing the likelihoods of marine pest introductions in Sydney estuaries:
A transport vector approach. Final report to the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority for
Project No. ECM1.1. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 105. 84pp.
No. 106 Rotherham, D., Gray, C.A., Underwood, A.J., Chapman, M.G. and Johnson, D.D., 2008. Developing fisheryindependent
surveys for the adaptive management of NSW’s estuarine fisheries. Final report to the Fisheries
Research & Development Corporation for Project No. 2002/059. NSW Department of Primary Industries –
Fisheries Final Report Series No. 106. 135pp.
No. 107 Broadhurst, M., 2008. Maximising the survival of bycatch discarded from commercial estuarine fishing gears
in NSW. Final report to the Fisheries Research & Development Corporation for Project No. 2005/056. NSW
Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 107. 192pp.
No. 108 Gilligan, D., McLean, A. and Lugg, A., 2009. Murray Wetlands and Water Recovery Initiatives: Rapid
assessment of fisheries values of wetlands prioritised for water recovery. Combined final report to the NSW
Department of Environment & Climate Change for Project No. LMW 23/07/03, LMW 52/07/01 and LFCP-
07-02 and the NSW Department of Water & Energy. NSW Department of Primary Industries – Fisheries
Final Report Series No. 108. 69pp.
No. 109 Williams, R.J. and Thiebaud, I., 2009. Occurrence of freshwater macrophytes in the catchments of the
Parramatta River, Lane Cove River and Middle Harbour Creek, 2007 – 2008. NSW Department of Primary
Industries – Fisheries Final Report Series No. 109. 75pp.
Freshwater macrophytes of the Parramatta Catchment (Williams and Thiebaud)