YAMUNA ACTION PLAN Vision-document.pdf - GANGAPEDIA

YAMUNA ACTION PLAN 

A BILATERAL PROJECT OF GOVERNMENTS OF INDIA & JAPAN ON RIVER CONSERVATION 

A kaleidoscope of the activities involved 

in the complex task of cleaning the river 

Yamuna, addressed by the consortium led 

by Tokyo Engineering Consultants 

www.pmc4yap2.com 

SSpplleennddoorroouuss rriivveerr YYaammuunnaa iinn mmoooonnlliigghhtt aatt 

SSaannggaamm,, AAllllaahhaabbaadd

Towns covered under Yamuna Action Plan Project 

The River Yamuna 

YAMUNA is one of the most important and sacred rivers of India. It is the largest 

tributary of the river Ganges.The Yamuna river originates from the Yamunotri glacier in 

the Mussoorie range of the lower Himalayas.The total length of the Yamuna up to its 

point of confluence with the Ganges at Allahabad is 1376 km. Its catchment area is spread 

over 366,220 sq. kms. and it falls within the seven States of Uttranchal, Himachal Pradesh, 

Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), Haryana, Delhi, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh (M.P.).Yamuna has four 

main tributaries in the Himalayan region - Rishi Ganga, Hanuman Ganga,Tons, and Giri. In 

the plains, the main tributaries are the Hindon, Chambal, Sind, Betwa and Ken. Besides 

irrigation, the river is a source of drinking water and bathing and therefore, affects the 

habitation of many citizens on its banks. 

The combined effect of a modified flow regime due to water holding structures or 

barrages, withdrawal of water for irrigation & drinking purposes and the cumulative 

discharge of domestic, industrial & agricultural wastewaters has converted the Yamuna 

into almost an open sewer in the stretch of Delhi and Agra.As a result, the river is 

impacting the bio-diversity of the ecosystem and endangering public health of the 

inhabitants.The prevalence of poor sanitation practices also contributes to the 

proliferation of a number of diseases and an adverse living environment. 

Yamuna water is shared by the four riparian and two basin states under an agreement. 

There are three main barrages at Tajewala,Wazirabad-Delhi and Okhla-Delhi which 

have been constructed to give effect to this sharing arrangement. Table-1 shows various 

reaches of Yamuna River.

Tajewala Barrage (Downstream) Merging Yamuna into Sangam at Allahabad 

Tributary-Aglad at Bandarkot 

A view of STP at Saharanpur 

Table I: REACHES OF YAMUNA RIVER 

No Reach Segment Length Description 

(Km) 

I From origin to Himalayan 172 Turbulent stream of almost pristine water quality 

Tajewala upto Barrage at Tajewala. Canals on both banks 

Barrage withdraw water for various uses. 

II Tajewala Upper 224 Dry Weather Flow (DFW) is comprised of fresh 

Barrage to water and wastewater from urban and rural 

Wazirabad settlements in the catchment.The Barrage at 

(Upstream Wazirabad stores water for meeting the demand 

of Delhi) of Delhi. 

III Wazirabad to Delhi 22 No water is released from the Wazirabad 

Okhla Barrage (Highly barrage. The DWF is comprised of wastewater 

(Delhi) Polluted) originating in Delhi. The Barrage at Okhla diverts 

water through Agra canal to the States of U.P. & 

Haryana for irrigation. 

IV Okhla Barrage Eutrophicated 490 No water is released from the Okhla barrage. 

to confluence (Highly The DWF is comprised of wastewater from 

with Chambal 

River 

Polluted) urban and rural settlements. 

V Chambal Diluted 468 The river gets a fresh injection of life after 

confluence to dilution from the Chambal water. Other tributaries 

confluence with 

Ganga river at 

Allahabad 

coming from Rajasthan and M.P. join in this reach. 

RIVER WATER QUALITY 

Tajewala in Reach-I is the benchmark where water quality is generally within the desired levels 

for bathing quality. Average Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 

levels at this point are 1.2 mg/l and 11.7 mg/l respectively. Downstream of Tajewala, in Reach-II, 

domestic and industrial wastewater from urban and rural areas of Yamunanagar-Jagadhri, Karnal, 

Panipat, Sonepat, Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar etc. are discharged into the rivers.Also, a large 

quantity of wastewater from livestock rearing activities and surface runoff from agricultural 

farms enter the river. However, in this 224 km reach a certain extent of self-purification occurs 

and therefore, the water quality upstream of the Wazirabad barrage in Delhi is considered fairly 

good.Average BOD in this reach is observed to be in the range of 1.0 - 2.0 mg/l(with slightly 

higher values on some occassions). Nevertheless, the level of Coliforms and contamination from 

pesticides and industries is of concern. 

Reach-III & IV are essentially carrying wastewater and solid waste.The Delhi Reach 

(III) is in a unique situation, being located between two barrages and having no fresh water 

flows either from upstream or from lateral connections.These stretches have become 

extremely critical from a water quality and public health standpoint.The 490 km stretch 

downstream of the Okhla barrage up to the confluence with the Chambal River is 

characterized as an "open sewer". It is only downstream of Etawah in Reach-V that the 

Yamuna recieves dilution water from tributaries bringing improvement in water quality.The 

associated Figures-1&2 (See page No. 5) graphically portray the severity of the water 

quality condition of the river at different locations in terms of BOD. 

YAMUNA RIVER POLLUTION CONTROL 

Recognizing the gravity of the pollution of rivers, the Government of India (GOI) launched 

2 YAMUNA ACTION PLAN YAMUNA ACTION PLAN 3

A view of 78 mld UASB based STP at Agra 20 mld STP at Faridabad 

a massive plan for their pollution abatement.The Ganges, being one of the most sacred 

and largest rivers in the country, was identified for priority intervention in 1985.The 

Yamuna Action Plan Phase-I (YAP-I) project was formulated on the basis of the study 

conducted under Special Assistance for Project Formulation (SAPROF) of the Japan Bank 

for International Co-operation (JBIC), and covered Delhi, 8 towns of U.P. (Saharanpur, 

Muzaffarnagar, Ghaziabad, Noida,Vrindavan, Mathura,Agra and Etawah) and 6 towns of 

Haryana (Yamunanagar- Jagadhri, Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat, Gurgaon, and Faridabad). JBIC 

provided a soft loan assistance of JPY 17.77 billion (approx. Rs. 700 crore) to the GOI to 

initiate YAP-I. Launched in 1993, the project was originally planned to be completed by 

April 2000, which was extended until February 2003. 

The National River Conservation Directorate (NRCD) under the Ministry of 

Environment and Forests (MOEF), GOI is the Executing Agency for the YAP project with 

the Uttar Pradesh Jal Nigam (UPJN) in UP, the Public Health Engineering Department 

(PHED) in Haryana, the Delhi Jal Board (DJB) and the Municipal Corporation of Delhi 

(MCD) in Delhi, are the Project Implementing Agencies (PIAs). 

The components of infrastructure involved construction of Drain Interceptors, 

Diversion Sewer Lines, Sewage Pumping Stations (PS), and Sewage Treatment Plants 

(STP).32 STPs were constructed and a total sewage treatment capacity of about 

735 MLD was created. 

During the extended phase of YAP-I, more emphasis was given to address various 

non-sewerage issues.The strategy for these was formulated under the Special Assistance 

for Project Implementation (SAPI) study conducted by JBIC.A Public Participation & 

Awareness (PP&A) programme was launched to generate awareness among the 

beneficiaries in the project area.The plan also emphasized the creation of Community 

Figure 1: Status of Yamuna river water quality. 

Tajewala/Hathnikund 1.0 

Kalanaur 1.0 

Sonipat 1.0 

BOD Level 

Figure 2: Water quality monitoring sampling stations 

4 YAMUNA ACTION PLAN YAMUNA ACTION PLAN 5 

Palla 2.0 

Nizamuddin Bridge 27.0 

Agra Canal 10.0 

Mazawali 32.0 

Mathura U/S 6.0 

Mathura D/S 6.0 

Agra U/S 6.0 

Agra D/S 39.0 

Bateshwar 7.0 

Etawah 6.0 

Juhika/Auraiya 

UDI 2.0 

2.0 

Desired bathing 

class level 

(BOD 3 mg/1)

Disinfection Plant (Solar Radiation) at Faridabad 10 mld Oxidation Pond STP at Agra 

Community Toilet Complex in Delhi UASB based STP at Faridabad 

6 YAMUNA ACTION PLAN 

Toilet Complexes (CTCs) for low-income groups. In addition, a number of pilot projects 

on innovative technologies for decentralised sewage treatment and coliform removal were 

also implemented. 

A listing of major works implemented in Delhi, U.P. and Haryana states is provided in 

Table-2. 

Table-2: LISTING OF MAJOR WORKS IMPLEMENTED UNDER YAP-I 

Sewerage Interventions: 

A. Interception and Diversion of open drains Km 214 

B. Sewage Pumping Stations (SPS) Nos. 49 

C. Sewage Treatment Plants (STP) 

Installations Nos. 28 

Capacity creation MLD 722 

D. Low Cost Sanitation 

Community Toilet Complexes (CTCs) Nos. 1594 

E. Pilot Projects 

Mini STPs (4 Nos.) MLD 10 

Micro STPs (10 Nos.) MLD 0.015 

Disinfection of STP effluent based on various technologies(5 Nos.) MLD 

Non-sewerage Interventions 

8 

F. Improved Wood Based Crematoria/Electric Crematoria Nos. 98/2 

G. River Front Development (Construction of bathing facilities) Nos. 9 

H. Public Participation & Awareness (PP&A) Activities Nos. 7023 

LESSONS LEARNED FROM YAP-I 

While the wastewater load from Delhi alone was estimated to be 70% of the total load 

from 15 urban towns, its coverage was proportionally low under the sewerage 

components of YAP. Moreover, the STP capacity created by the Delhi Government 

concurrently with YAP remained under-utilised to the extent of 25-45% because of 

severe limitations in the collection system.As a result, untreated sewage continued to 

flow into the river through a series of storm water drains. 

Similarly, some of the STPs in Reaches II and IV remained under-utilised due to a 

combination of limitations in the collection system and power availability. Municipalities 

and agencies which were responsible for Operation & Maintenance (O&M) of sewerage 

infrastructure were constrained to maximize the operational efficiency of the system 

due to a combination of factors related to skills, finance, management systems, power 

cuts and upstream sewerage infrastructure. 

The strategy in YAP-I did not adequately address non-point sources of pollution such as 

Dairy Farms, Dhobhighats, Slaughterhouses, etc. 

The Community Toilet Complexes prevented to a certain extent the practice of open 

defecation and yielded consequent benefits in terms of improved hygiene and sanitary 

conditions of project towns. 

When YAP-I schemes were being designed, the wastewater discharge standards did not 

mandate STP effluents to comply with any bacteriological water quality standards.The 

norms for coliform reduction stipulated after approval of the schemes for treatment.As 

a result, the STPs did not include effluent disinfection systems. 

In YAP-I the major consideration was to target and control immediate pollution loads 

from the domestic sector.Accordingly, whatever sewage treatment capacity was 

YAMUNA ACTION PLAN 7


2.25 mld STP at Agra Site of YAP project Shram Dan by School Children in Vrindavan Workshop on Sensitization about PP&A programme 

created, it was designed for 1998 population loads. 

A pilot project in Agra Nagar Nigam was undertaken to enhance the revenue 

generation by conceptualizing the best practices from other ULBs in the country. Its 

successful implementation and sustained municipal reform measures were achieved by 

working in the area of property tax, private sector participation in O&M of municipal 

services, etc. 

YAP-II: THE PROJECT CONTINUATION AND ENHANCEMENT 

PHASE 

Building on the success and lessons learned from YAP-I, a new Loan Agreement between 

GOI and GOJ was signed on March 31, 2003 for the current YAP-II project.The JBIC 

Loan Agreement provided financial assistance of JPY 13.33 Billion (approx. Rs. 500 

Crore or approximately 85 percent of the overall project budget) to increase sewage 

collection and treatment capacities by constructing new & rehabilitating old sewage 

treatment plants and rehabilitating & installing sewers in Delhi and Agra. Besides the 15 

JBIC assisted YAP-I towns, two more towns, Bahadurgarh and Rohtak of Haryana have 

also been added in YAP-II for the preparation of Master Plan (M/P), Feasibility Study( 

F/S), Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for YAP-III.The YAP-II project commenced on 

December 1, 2004 with the appointment of PMC.The project is to be completed by 

November 2009. 

YAP-II envisages a two fold strategies in pollution control and abatement for 

Yamuna: 

Implement schemes, which have visible and tangible impact on the immediate 

improvement of water quality of the river. 

Carry out planning activities for future such as preparation of M/P, F/S and DPRs for 

YAP-III 

Synchronize engineering and non-engineering components 

Specific value-added-components included in YAP-II are as follows: 

PP&A Programmes on public involvement in decision making process by utilizing 

numerous NGOs 

Public Relations / Information Programme in Delhi 

Engineering Technology Transfer to ULBs in Haryana 

Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building of the 15 ULBs 

Capacity Building for NRCD, which is the Executing Agency for the project 

Water Quality Monitoring Programme 

Table-3 summarizes the scope of programmes and budget included in YAP-II, with Delhi as 

the major polluter receiving a proportionally higher share. 

INNOVATIONS IN YAP-II 

Adopting Trenchless Technology for Delhi Trunk Sewers 

For many years, the conventional method for construction of sanitary sewers to collect 

wastewater has been trenching or open-cut excavation. New methods of obtaining 

geotechnical data and the development of new equipment have resulted in the adoption of 

innovative trenchless (no-dig) approaches involving earth boring, pipe jacking or microtunneling 

techniques with a minimum or no surface excavation.This new construction 

method results in social costs being reduced to a nominal amount compared to the opencut 

methods. Such technology is being adopted for rehabilitation and new construction of 

three major Trunk Sewers in Delhi under YAP-II programme. 


India Gate -Heritage of Delhi- the Capital Used offering to Yamuna - Lack of Awareness Taj, Yamuna & Pollution Infant being buried into Yamuna 


Table-3: SCOPE OF PROGRAMME AND BUDGET INCLUDED IN YAP-II 

S No. NAME OF STATE/SCHEME Estimated Cost 

(Rs in millions) 

I DELHI 3871.7 

1. Physical Works Implementation 

a. Okhla STP 

b. Keshopur STP 

c. Bela Road Trunk Sewer 

d.Wazirabad Road Trunk Sewer 

e. Ring Road Trunk Sewer 

2 Preparation of Master Plan (M/P), Feasibility Study (F/S), Detailed Project Report 

(DPR) for YAP- III 

a. Decentralized Wastewater Treatment for Water bodies (including Pilot Project) 

b. Dairy Farm Waste Management (including Pilot Project) 

c. Dhobighat Sudhar Yojna (including Pilot Project) 

d. Slaughterhouse Modernisation and Waste Management 

e.Antim Niwas Sudhar Yojna (including Pilot Project) 

f. Slum Rehabilitation Study 

3. Public Participation & Awareness (PP&A) 

a. Clean Yamuna Manch 

b. Other PP&A Programme (Socio Economic & Environmental upgradation Program, School 

Health & Hygiene Program and Innovative Program) 

4. Public Relations (PR) 

5. Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building of MCD 

a. Property Tax, Public Participation in solid waste, operation of CTCs etc. 

b. Usage of High Resolution Satellite Imagery 

c.Training of Sugam Kendra Staff 

II UTTAR PRADESH 1241.3 

1. Physical Works Implementation 

Sewerage Works (Sewers, Sewage Pumping Stations, Rising Mains, STPs) in 

Northern & Western zones at Agra 

Preparation of Master Plan (M/P), Feasibility Study (F/S), Detailed Project Report 

(DPR) for YAP- III (8 towns) 


a. Clean Yamuna Manch at Agra 

b. Other PP&A Programme (Socio Economic & Environmental upgradation 

Programme, School Health & Hygiene Programme and Innovative Programme) 

3. Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building of 7 ULBs and Noida Authority 

III HARYANA 625.0 

1. Engineering Technology Transfer (ETT) to ULBs (6 towns) 

2. Preparation of Master Plan (M/P), Feasibility Study (F/S), Detailed Project Report 

(DPR) for YAP- III (8 towns) 


4. Institutional Strengthening & Capacity Building of 6 ULBs 

IV CAPACITY BUILDING OF NRCD 502.0 

1. MIS,Accounting & State-of-Art Equipments etc 

2. Water Quality Monitoring Programme 

a. Upgradation of Laboratories 

b. Integarated Water Resource Management and Water Quality Modeling including setting up 

of on-line monitoring location 

c. Upgardation of one STP as model STP and Traning for O&M in STP 

TOTAL 6240.0 


Mr. Naresh Dayal, AS&PD, NRCD, MoEF 


A Workshop on Dissemination of Trenchless Technology in Delhi Water Quality of River Yamuna Layout Plan of Okhla STP in Delhi Layout Plan of Keshopur STP in Delhi 

On Decmber 14, 2005 a workshop was held in Delhi involving several internationally 

renowned participants organized by the Project Management Consultant (PMC) on the 

subject of "YAP-II and Beyond:A Workshop on Dissemination of Trenchless Technology in 

India" with the purpose of sharing the information with the experts worldwide on 

adoption of Trenchless Technology in the YAP-II programme in Delhi. 

Information Technology (IT) in YAP-II 

IT is no longer a business resource; it is the business environment.Various tools of IT are being 

used in the project to enhance the quality of work under the project.An interactive website 

(www.pmc4yap2.com) has been developed by PMC to provide information on the project. 

Management Information System (MIS) 

MIS will allow all technical and managerial data to be summarized for timely transmissions 

of progress reports for the decision making of the Executive Agency. 

For providing such information in a concise manner suitable for all formal reporting 

requirements, key functions of the MIS will include reports for tracking activity status, 

schedule, quality control and progress reports, as well as the database applications for 

correspondence logs, contract administration and accounting. 

Geographical Information System (GIS) based web-enabled MIS 

This system will facilitate decision making to take corrective actions and also to easily 

understand the overall position of the project at any point of time through various GIS maps. 

Integrated Water Resource Management and Water Quality Modelling 

Integrated water resource management of the Yamuna basin will be developed through a 

water quality model, and this will be linked with GIS.This component also includes 

setting up an online monitoring system on a pilot basis and establishment of a data 

transmission network. 

Video Documentation 

This vital tool for the real-time documentation is proposed to be used for effective 

monitoring and implementation of project activities at various stages and to provide 

decision making support to the stakeholders. 

A series of seminars and workshops is also being organized for various stakeholders 

throughout the project period. 

PROJECT COMPONENTS UNDER YAP-II 

PHYSICAL WORK IMPLEMENTATION IN DELHI 

Okhla Sewage Treatment Plant 

As per TCE's M/P for the Okhla Sewerage Zone, the total flow would be 765 MLD. 

Presently, there are five STP modules totaling 630 MLD capacity at Okhla. Under YAP-II, 

one new STP module of 135 MLD capacity will be constructed along with a power 

generation plant on the existing premises. 

Keshopur Sewage Treatment Plants 

The Keshopur STP Project consists of rehabilitation of three plant modules which were 

constructed at one location in the Keshopur drainage zone between 1956 and 1988 with 

capacities of 54 MLD, 90 MLD and 180 MLD respectively.As these modules are not 

functioning properly, the partially treated/untreated wastewater is discharged into the 

Najafgarh drain and consequently polluting the Yamuna. 

In YAP-II, the above three modules are to be rehabilitated in conjunction with 

construction of some new process units to meet system requirements, and a power 

generation plant utilizing biogas. 


Layout Plan of Bela Road Trunk Sewer 


Congested alignment of Wazirabad Road Trunk Sewer Damaged Ring Road Trunk Sewer 

Bela Road Trunk Sewer 

Installation of the Bela Road Trunk Sewer consists of a conduit ranging in size from 500 

mm to 600 mm with an overall length of 3.4 kms. 

Wazirabad Road Trunk Sewer 

The Wazirabad Trunk Sewer involves construction of a conduit ranging in size from 450 

mm to 2000 mm, with an overall length of 15.2 kms. 

Ring Road Trunk Sewer 

Rehabilitation of the Ring Road Trunk Sewer consists of a conduit ranging in size from 

1200 mm to 2700 mm with an overall length of 11.6 kms. 

PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN (M/P), FEASIBILITY STUDY 

(F/S), DETAILED PROJECT REPORT (DPR) FOR YAP- III IN 

DELHI 

Decentralized Wastewater Collection and Treatment for Water Bodies 

(Including Pilot Project) 

Under this scheme, installation of decentralized wastewater collection/ treatment / and 

effluent reuse systems to intercept polluting wastewater flow in water bodies e.g. lakes 

and ponds, not served by the centralized sewerage systems, will be studied supported by 

pilot implementation.This will revitalize the water bodies of Delhi, enabling the public 

open spaces to provide multiple environmental benefits including potential ground water 

recharge. 

Dairy Farm Waste Management (Including Pilot Project) 

A large number of clusters of dairy farms located in the towns and cities along the river 

are directly discharging the cattle dung and liquid wastes into the river. There are ten 

Dairy Farm Waste in Delhi Washer-men on the banks of the river Yamuna in Delhi 

authorized clusters of dairy farms in Delhi, which are located on the outskirts. Some of the 

larger clusters are at Gazipur, Najafgarh and MadanpurKhadar. Besides these authorized 

farms, there are still a large number of unauthorized dairies operating in and around the 

city. It is estimated that in 12 different zones of MCD, there are 21 unauthorized dairy 

clusters with over 2811 unauthorized dairy units having more than 40,000 head of cattle. 

The dung generated from these units is of the order of 380 tonnes/day. 

It is estimated that over three fourths of waste generated at these diary clusters finds 

its way into the river Yamuna through the local surface drains.This corresponds to a BOD 

pollution load of over 48 tonnes/day from Delhi alone. 

Through this component it is anticipated that alternative use practices can be 

examined and better management of the dairy waste can be effected, converting the waste 

into an asset to the community and at the same time reducing the pollution load on the 

river.The long-term objective of the project is to help control discharge of organic 

pollutants from dairy farms in Delhi, leading to improvement in the river water quality. 

Towards its achievement it may be necessary to incorporate appropriate technology 

solutions addressing key concerns for logistics, public participation, institutional and 

financial sustainability. 

Dhobighat Sudhar Yojna (Including Pilot Project) 

The washer-men (Dhobi) community, residing largely on the banks of the river Yamuna, 

derives their sustenance from laundry operations. In Delhi, a huge quantity of clothes 

from residences, hospitals, industries etc. are being washed at constructed/ traditional 

Dhobighats either on the banks of the river Yamuna or near canals/ nallahs by utilising 

river water or water supplied from other sources.Almost the entire activity is 

unorganised and performed by individual washer-men and their family members.The 



A view of Dhobighat Slaughterhouse at Idgah in Delhi Improved wood based crematorium at Faridabad Slum squatter settlements located in riverbeds 

required infrastructure for washing, drying etc. is not available adequately at most of the 

Dhobighat sites.The wastewater including large quantity of soap, detergents, chemicals, 

etc. discharged from the sites eventually drains directly or indirectly into the river 

Yamuna resulting in water pollution. In order to prevent river pollution from the 

sources, it is necessary to carry out a detailed situation analysis involving all relevant 

stakeholders and to prepare a M/P for improving the existing conditions of all the 

Dhobighats in Delhi.The pilot intervention for developing the model Dhobighat would 

be implemented with participation of a Dhobi community, which could be replicated for 

all the Dhobighats. 

Slaughterhouse Modernisation and Waste Management 

There is only one authorized slaughterhouse in Delhi, the Idgah Abattoir located near 

Karol Bagh and Paharganj.This slaughterhouse is more than 100 years old and does not 

have any modern equipment for slaughtering animals and meat processing.There is no 

authorised slaughterhouse for meeting the demand of chicken, meat etc.This situation 

coupled with the poor state of infrastructure available at Idgah and in the city in general is 

a cause of concern with regard to ensuring hygiene, food safety and environment 

protection. Currently a major quantity of the solid waste from the slaughterhouses is 

disposed in the Gazipur landfill site.The entire wastewater from these slaughterhouses is 

discharged untreated into open drains/sewers, which eventually join the Yamuna. MCD has 

already taken up a project to modernize the Idgah Abattoir. 

Under this project component, an integrated M/P will be developed on all existing 

authorized and unauthorized slaughterhouses.This will be done by the collection of data 

to review the existing systems, situation analysis with available documents and information 

with physical verification and investigation work.A Detailed Strategy Study Report will 

also be prepared to depict the existing infrastructure facilities, measure the problems and 

suggest the modernization system as well as recommend the appropriate techniques for 

treatment of various wastes. 

Antim Niwas Sudhar Yojna (including Pilot Project) 

The cremation of dead bodies on the banks of the river Yamuna is a traditional practice in 

the Hindu religion. In case of infant/ young children, dead bodies are buried in the 

river rather than cremated. Largely, the poor often release un-burned or half-burned 

dead bodies to the river due to lack of adequate resources for funerals. However, the 

animals are buried/ disposed of in the open space or drains/ nallahs, or riverside since there 

is no animal crematorium in Delhi.All these factors contribute to further pollution of the 

Yamuna. 

In order to ensure prevention of river pollution, there is a need to carry out a 

situation analysis involving all relevant stakeholders and to prepare a M/P for improving 

the existing conditions of all the Crematoria/ Cremation Grounds in Delhi.The need/ 

priority based activity would be undertaken for environmental upgradation of existing 

crematoria. 

Slum Rehabilitation Study 

Slum squatters settlements located in riverbeds, eastern and western embankments, on all 

the major drains of the capital city of Delhi and other colonies drains as well as drains from 

vulnerable and depressed areas where large slum clusters are located, also considerably 

contribute to the pollution load of Yamuna. Slum as a pollution source has been a serious 

cause of concern and has been repeatedly observed by the Honorable Delhi High Court 

and Honorable Supreme Court. 

Under YAP-II, a slum rehabilitation study is to be conducted to understand the various 



Typical slums in Delhi Layout Plan of 14 MLD STP at Agra 

perspectives related to resettlement & rehabilitation of slums squatters sites in Delhi 

including a socio-economic survey 

PUBLIC RELATIONS (PR) 

As part of YAP-II, PR activity is mainly focused on operations of the DJB with emphasis on 

improving the visibility, brand image and public acceptability of YAP- II infrastructure 

schemes for abating pollution in the Yamuna River Basin.The PR activities will mainly 

cover the areas of the trunk sewer and STP projects to be constructed.The following 

objectives are expected to be achieved through the PR activities: 

Enhance public awareness and educate citizens on the Yamuna, Delhi's lifeline - its 

current status, sources of pollution and mitigation measures. 

Influence public perception, attitude, practice and involve stakeholder groups in caring 

for the Yamuna. 

Bridge perception gaps. 

Disseminate information to stakeholders. 

Upgradation / Improvement of the existing Consumer Redressal System with 

feedback to consumer 

Upscale of Water Harvesting System with systematic information, cost details etc. 

To address water leakage effectively. 

Educate public about the measures being taken to abate river pollution. 

PHYSICAL WORK IMPLEMENTATION IN U.P. 

Sewerage Works at Agra 

Agra city is divided into eight sewerage zones of which the Northern & Western 

Inaugural Ceremony of DHS Bio-tower at Karnal A view of Bio-tower at Karnal 

Sewerage Districts have been selected for the physical implementation of works under 

YAP-II.The population projection for the design years of 2007, 2017 and 2037 are 

calculated on the basis of census population of 1.24 million in 2001. 

The physical works to be implemented in Agra will serve a total population of 

4, 22, 615 (2017) in two sewerage zones. 

Northern Zone: 35.5 kms of Sewers, 2 Pumping Stations, 5.25 kms of Rising Main, and 

a 14 MLD STP to serve a population of 1,21,425. 

Western Zone: 35 kms of Sewers, 3 Pumping Stations, 9.5 kms of Rising Main, and a 

40 MLD STP to serve a population of 3,01,190. 

ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO URBAN LOCAL 

BODIES IN HARYANA 

Under YAP-I, sewerage facilities were created in six towns of Haryana:Yamunanagar- 

Jagadhri, Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat, Faridabad and Gurgaon.The responsibility for O&M of 

these assets is vested with the respective ULB in each town.To operate & maintain such 

assets properly, the techno-managerial resources / capacity of such ULBs are needed to be 

enhanced.With this in mind, "Engineering Technology Transfer to ULBs" has been initiated 

under YAP-II. 

To enhance the process of ETT to ULBs, there will be a field training programme to 

train ULB engineers and technical staff on various aspects of sewerage works.To facilitate 

wide exposure of different components of the sewerage systems, construction of new 

systems with sewers of varied diameter & length, ancillary structures like pumping 

stations, and upgrading of electro-mechanical systems etc. have been proposed to be 

included in the training program. 


Cultural Activity by School Children in PP&A Programme Children Participation in Awareness Programme 


This is the most effective method of transfer of knowledge/skills through on the job 

training and practical applications. It is essentially learning by doing and enables day-to-day 

association, interaction and communication with PHED/ ULBs Engineers and the consultants. 

PREPARATION OF M/P, F/S, & DPR OF WASTEWATER SCHEMES 

IN U.P. and HARYANA 

M/P for sewerage and drainage works, F/S and DPR for sewerage work will be prepared 

for the identified 8 towns in U.P. and 8 towns in Haryana.All the existing works including 

YAP-I will be integrated under the M/P, the design period for which will be 30 years. F/S 

will focus on the priority works from the M/P. In addition, DPRs will be prepared for 

implementation under YAP-III. 

PUBLIC PARTICIPATION & AWARENESS (PP&A) IN DELHI, 

U.P. AND HARYANA 

PP&A is a pivotal component, realizing its significance in making projects sustainable. 

Specific objectives include promotion of different prevention and management measures, 

optimal utilisation and maintenance of created facilities and strengthening of effective coordination 

among PIAs, ULBs & NGOs/ CBOs and the community.The four specific 

programmes as mentioned below are being implemented through partner NGOs in the 

selected project towns. 

Clean Yamuna Manch in Delhi and Agra 

This is a special drive to complement/ supplement the PP&A component through mass 

awareness, policy initiatives, advocacy, networking, research, media, documentation, and 

information dissemination. Strategic targeted interventions are carried out to mobilize 

Shram Dan by volunteers in Vrindavan World Water Day celebration in Vrindavan 

various stakeholders including community leaders, political elected representatives, 

relevant government organisations, educational institutions/ universities, media groups, 

corporate sectors, national and international organisations, and general public towards the 

promotion of Clean Yamuna. 

Other PP&A Programs in all three states 

Socio-economic and Environment Upgrading of CTC Neighbourhood Community 

Programme: 

Emphasis of the programme is promoting hygienic sanitation practices in CTC 

neighbourhood communities through community acceptance and optimum utilisation of 

existing sanitation facilities in order to strive for 'Zero Pollution' service areas. Broad 

activities comprise awareness and sensitisation campaigns of community members, hygiene 

and sanitation education, capacity building, establishing linkages and creating an 

environment for community based intervention. 

School Health and Hygiene Programme: 

Special thrust of the programme is to develop responsible behaviour amongst school 

children and promote them as change agent for prevention and management of river 

pollution.The awareness generation and knowledge upgrading on river water pollution, 

solid waste and wastewater management are considered instrumental for children to act 

as change agents at their school, home and surrounding environment where they live. 

Town Specific Innovative Programme: 

The programme is to support specific socio-cultural and community initiatives/ 

experiments/ innovative efforts on issues related to community health, hygiene, sanitation, 

environment pollution & conservation with small financial investments, short duration and 

scope for sustainable replication and up-scaling at the larger context. 


Orientation Programme of ULBs at Delhi 


INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING & CAPACITY BUILDING 

(ISCB) OF ULBs IN DELHI, U.P. AND HARYANA 

ISCB of the ULBs under YAP-II is an important value added constituent.This programme 

encompasses enhancement of institutional financial and human resources capacities of the 

14 ULBs and Noida Authority to ensure that they undertake the responsibility of O&M of 

assets created under YAP-I in a sustainable manner.The positive results and lessons learnt 

from the Pilot Reform Fund project initiated in Agra under YAP-I will be incorporated into 

the YAP-II programme. 

Usage of High Resolution Satellite Imagery 

To encourage the creation of common reference maps for the towns in which the 

projects are being undertaken, recent high-resolution satellite imagery is being acquired 

and would be provided to the PIAs for the project works. Using this approach the maps 

of the existing and proposed sewerage system will be superimposed on a correctly georeferenced 

base map making it possible for the ULBs to systematically add and correlate 

other spatial information for their routine activities. 

The high-resolution satellite imagery of the entire cities and towns will be used as the 

foundation to develop a comprehensive Property Tax System, which would facilitate 

strengthening of the revenue collection system of ULBs. In addition, this imagery will also 

be used to document the information on Slum Areas, Dairy Farms, Dhobighats, 

Crematoria, Slaughterhouses, Urban Water Bodies etc. in Delhi. 

Training of Sugam Kendra Staff of MCD 

MCD intends to leverage information and communication technologies to provide 

efficient, affordable, accountable and transparent municipal services to the people of 

Delhi.Training will be imparted to the officers and staff who are responsible for 

Satellite Imagery of Delhi Analysis of Water Samples Upgradation of Water Quality Laboratories 

interfacing with the public and providing necessary information and services pertaining 

to civic activities. 

This initiative will bring the MCD's e-governance programme into public focus and 

help in their success through thirteen specially developed Citizen Service Bureaus 

covering 134 wards.This unique public service initiative of MCD will provide 

comprehensive citizen services under one roof through computerized systems that are 

connected to the Internet. 

CAPACITY BUILDING OF NRCD 

MIS,Accounting & state-of-art equipments etc. 

An organization of the nature and magnitude of the NRCD requires state-of-art 

equipment and tools such as a Management Information System (MIS), efficient Project 

Management System and a robust Accounting System for constant monitoring, feedback 

and corrective interventions. 

Water Quality Monitoring Programme 

The Yamuna River Basin Water Quality Monitoring Programme will provide the necessary 

background information for assessing the effectiveness of the pollution abatement 

programmes undertaken.This information will also help in better formulation of the 

directions for subsequent programmes in reducing the pollution load and developing a 

more comprehensive relationship between project execution and resultant improvement 

in the river water quality. 

Under the YAP-II programme, this project activity will address: 

Augmentation / upgrading of STP laboratories (installed during YAP-I) and zonal 

laboratories. 



Information Dissemination 

A Forwarding Step in Indo-Japanese friendship 

Development of a model for flow and pollution studies and a decision support system for 

integrated water resource management and control of pollution in the Yamuna basin. 

O&M training to the staff and operators of STPs. 

OPERATION & MAINTENANCE (O&M) STUDY OF FACILITIES 

CONSTRUCTED UNDER YAP-I 

The objective of the O&M study is to enhance the capability and efficiency of YAP-I towns 

to better operate, manage and maintain their wastewater systems.The improvements 

identified through the O&M study are intended to increase O&M efficiency, ensure better 

health and safety of the staff involved and to develop capacity for sustainable O&M. 

Under Special Assistance for Project Sustainability (SAPS), a study was conducted and 

workshop was organized on O&M on December 15, 2005. 

Lessons learned from the O&M review of the YAP-I infrastructure can be 

incorporated in the implementation of YAP-III schemes. 

PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS (PMC) 

To undertake the implementation of the Yamuna Action Plan-II, the NRCD appointed TEC 

Consortium led by Tokyo Engineering Consultants Co. Ltd., Japan (TEC), an exclusive 

water sector consulting firm since 1959, as the Project Management Consultants. Other 

members of consortium included R V Anderson Associates,TCE Consulting Engineers 

Limited, Development Consultant Pvt. Ltd. and PricewaterhouseCoopers Pvt. Ltd.The 

PMC started their services on December 1, 2004. 

The role of the PMC is to assist NRCD, JBIC and PIAs in the implementation of YAP- 

II project. 

Implementation Framework of YAP-II

Pollution in Yamuna has been constantly engaging 

the efforts and attention of the Government and 

Yamuna Action Plan - II is one of the major River 

Action Plans being implemented by the 

Government of India. 

We feel proud to have JBIC as a partner in this 

endeavour.The synergy of the multitude of 

institutions involved and their sincere efforts 

would no doubt help in achieving a cleaner 

Yamuna. 

I congratulate the PMC for bringing out this nice 

booklet / brochure which would give a quick 

account of facts about the project. 

Addl. Secretary & Project Director 

National River Conservation Directorate, New Delhi 

It is our privilege to support Yamuna Action Plan 

Phase -II Project, which has a pragmatic approach 

towards improving the quality of water in the River 

Yamuna and the living environment in the cities 

along the river.We are hopeful that project will not 

only result in a 'Clean Yamuna' but also be a role 

model for other River Cleaning campaigns in India. 

Chief Representative 

Japan Bank for International Cooperation, New Delhi 

We are proud to have an ongoing participatory 

role in implementing this multi-faceted and 

comprehensive pollution abatement programme 

on the great Yamuna River.This enables us to 

create a healthier & sustainable urban 

environment, and restoration of critical water 

resources in India. 

Project Manager 

Project Management Consultants, New Delhi 

With a vision to make Yamuna waters pristine, we 

dedicate all our best, enthusiastic and professional 

efforts on such a great challenging project on River 

Yamuna.We are sincerely committed to achieve 

this goal. 

Resident Representative 

Project Management Consultants, New Delhi 

Further information on the Yamuna Action Plan project may be obtained from: 

National River Conservation Directorate 

Ministry of Environment & Forests 

Government of India 

Paryavaran Bhawan 

CGO Complex, Lodi Road, 

New Delhi-110003 (INDIA) 

Tel: +91-11-2436 2206 

Fax: +91-11-2436 0009 

URL: www.yap.nic.in 

Further information on the Japan Bank For International Cooperation may be obtained from: 

Japan Bank For International Cooperation 

3rd Floor, DLF Centre, Sansad Marg, 

New Delhi-110001 (INDIA) 

Tel: +91-11-2371 4362/63 

Fax: +91-11-2371 5066 

URL: www.jbic.go.jp 

Further information on the TEC-led Project Management Consultant may be obtained from: 

Tokyo Engineering Consultants Consortium 

Dr. Lalit K.Agrawal 

Resident Representative 

149, Sukhdev Vihar, 

New Delhi 110025 (INDIA) 

Tele/Fax.: +91-11-2693 2607 / 2693 2609 

URL: www.pmc4yap2.com 

Any information on the Lead Consultants may be obtained from: 

Tokyo Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd. 

Mr. Masafumi Miyamoto 

Director (Overseas Division) 

Fuji Bldg., 7-4 Kasumigaseki, 3-Chome, Chiyoda-Ku 

Tokyo 100-0013 (JAPAN) 

Tele: +81-3-3580 2418 

Fax: +81-3-3591 0492 

URL: www.iijnet.or.jp/tec-jimu 

design: CMYK 9811154639

YAMUNA ACTION PLAN Vision-document.pdf - GANGAPEDIA

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