Bhaironghati - Ministry of Power

1. INTRODUCTION 

CHAPTER – I 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

PFR STUDIES OF BHAIRON GHATI H.E. PROJECT 

The Bhairon Ghati Hydroelectric Project located in Uttarkashi district of 

Uttaranchal envisages utilization of the waters of the river Bhagirathi, a 

tributary of Ganga for power generation on a run of river type development, 

harnessing a head of about 132 m. 

The project with a proposed installation of 65 MW (2x32.5 MW) would afford 

an annual energy generation of 293.18 GWh in a 90% dependable year. The 

tariff from the project at present day cost would be Rs 1.57 /kWh (levellised). 

The diversion site is located at Latitude 31 o 01’ 55” N; Longitude 78 o 51’ 

35”E. The dam site is approachable by road from Rishikesh (via Tehri- 

Uttarakashi-Gangotri highway) at a distance of 267 km. The nearest rail head 

is located at Rishikesh and nearest airport is located at Dehradun. 

2. SCOPE OF WORKS 

The Bhairon Ghati HE project envisages construction of : 

• a 34 m high Concrete Gravity dam across river Bhagirathi to provide 

a live storage of 0.853 Mcum with FRL at 2642.0 m and MDDL at 

El 2630.00 m; 

• 1 no. desilting chamber of length 230 m (L) and size 12.0 m (W)x 17 m 

(H) to remove silt particles of size 0.2 mm and above; 

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• a 5.1 km long and 4.5 m dia head race tunnel terminating in a surge 

shaft 

• an 80 m high, 10.0 m dia surge shaft 

• 230 m long, 3.75 m dia pressure shaft 

• an underground power house having an installation of 2 Francis 

turbine driven generating units of 32.5 MW each operating under a 

rated head of 108.93 m; and 

• 190 m long tail race tunnel 5.0 m diameter ‘D’ Shape to carry the 

power house releases back to the river 

3. HYDROLOGY 

The river Bhagirathi drains a catchment area of about 2660 sq. km at the 

proposed dam site. The water availability for the project i.e. the dependable 

flows both for 90% and 50% dependable year have been assessed, based on 

Regional model incorporating glacial cover, snow and forest cover and 

incorporating data of 17 Gauge Discharge sites (13 CWC sites and 4 state 

Govt. sites) in the region utilising the available data for the period 1975-76 to 

2001-2002 for many of the sites. The computed inflow series worked out has 

been utilized for Power Potential Studies. The design flood has been 

assessed as 8495 cumecs (PMF). 

4. POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES 

The available data of water flows on 10 daily basis has been analysed. Water 

flows determined on 90% dependable year, have been utilised for computing 

power benefits. An installation of 65 MW comprising 2 generating units of 

32.5 MW each has been proposed. The energy availability from the project in 

a 90% dependable year has been summarized below : 

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Annual Energy Generation 


Annual Energy Generation (GWh) : 293.18 

Annual Load Factor (%) : 51.49 

Generation during Lean Flow Season 

Energy Output (MWc) : 11.13 

Load Factor (%) : 17.12 

The design energy for tariff at 95% availability in a 90% dependable year has 

been worked out as 279.45 GWh. 

A pondage of 0.853 M cum has been provided in the diversion dam which 

would enable the station to operate as peaking station. The pondage is 

equivalent to 231.94 MWh which is sufficient to operate the station for 3.57 

hours. 

5. POWER EVACUATION ASPECTS 

The 65 MW power guerated at 11 kv at Bairon Ghati HEP will be stepped upto 

220 kv by unit step transformers. The power would be taken to nearby 

proposed 400/220 kv Chhamli sub station. 

6. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS 

The project site is located in reserve forest area in Bhagirathi river basin. The 

submergence area is 13.27 ha, and majority of land falls under the category 

of forest land (8.36 ha). About 0.55 ha of land is coming under reservoir 

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submergence. In addition, land will also be required for other project 

appurtenances. Based on assessment of environmental impacts, 

management plans have to be formulated for acquisition of forest land in 

reserve forest area, wildlife conservation, muck disposal, quarry stabilization, 

and other environmental issues. These issues would be addressed during the 

investigation for DPR. 

7. ESTIMATES OF THE COST 

The project is estimated to cost Rs. 296.82 Crores including IDC at June,2003 

price level. The preliminary cost estimate of the project has been prepared as 

per guidelines of CEA/CWC. The break up of the cost estimates is given 

below : 

Particulars Rs. (in Crores) 

Civil Works : 164.94 

Electro Mechanical Works : 91.35 

Sub Total : 256.29 

Interest During Construction : 40.53 

Total (Generation) : 296.82 

Transmission Works : 7.50 

Grand Total : 304.32 

8. FINANCIAL ASPECTS 

As indicated above, the Bhairon Ghati HE Project, with an estimated cost 

(Generation only) of Rs. 296.82 Crores (including IDC of Rs. 40.53 Crores) 

and design energy of 279.45 GWh in a 90% dependable year is proposed to 

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be completed in a period of 5 years. The tariff has been worked out 

considering a debt-equity ratio of 70:30, 16% return on equity and annual 

interest rate on loan at 10%. The tariff for first year and levellised tariff (at 

power house bus bar) have been worked out as Rs.1.80 /kWh & Rs. 

1.57/kWh respectively. 

9. CONCLUSIONS 

Bhairon Ghati HE Project involves simple civil works and could be completed 

in 5 years. The project would afford a design energy of 279.45 GWh in a 

90% dependable year. The cost per MW installed work out to Rs.3.94 Crores. 

The Preliminary Feasibility Report indicates that the scheme merits 

consideration for taking up Survey & Investigation and preparation of DPR. 

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2.1 GENERAL 

CHAPTER – II 

BACKGROUND INFORMATION 


In Nov.2000, Uttaranchal State was carved out of thirteen hill districts of 

Northern U.P. The state borders with Nepal and Tibet on the east, Central 

Himalayas on the north, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh on the west and 

northwest respectively. 

Geophysically the state has four Mountain Zones namely Foot hills, Lesser 

Himalayas, Greater Himalayas and Trans-Himalayas. The mountains are 

covered with perpetual snow and glaciers and has gifted the north India a 

perennial river system of the Ganga and its tributaries. The tributaries of 

Ganga, namely Alaknanda, Bhagirathi, Yamuna and Sarda originate from 

the foothills of snow capped peaks and glaciers in the Central Himalayas and 

incise their respective courses through the rugged terrain, splash and surge 

the steep gradients and most of the stream offer excellent potential for 

Hydro power development. 

The region is blessed with magnificent glaciers, majestic rivers, gigantic snow 

capped peaks, Valley of flowers natural beauty and rich flora and fauna. 

Many holy shrines have blessed the state spiritually and given the name of 

Dev Bhoomi or Land of Gods. The seasonal influx of tourists, the seekers of 

peace for visit to the holy shrines and lovers of nature contribute to the state 

income. 

The state is divided into Kumaon and Garhwal Division with 13 districts 

42 tehsils 95 blocks, and 15689 inhabited villages and 73 towns. The 

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State has a geographical area of 53119 sq. km which is 1.62% of the total 

area of the country and supports 84.8 lakh population which is 0.83% of 

the total population of India. The percentage of villages having population 

more than 500 is about 11.4% (1991 Census). The existing majority of 

smaller settlements of Uttaranchal pose a serious challenge for economic 

infrastructure and lack of services to the far flung places in the hilly terrain 

makes Uttaranchal as one of the extremely backward states of India. 

It has 76.1% electrified villages as compared to 75.3% of villages of U.P. 

The average per capita consumption of electricity is 245.57 kWh whereas 

Dehradun and Nainital consume 480.81 and 447.33 kWh respectively 

with a minimum consumption of 43.7 kwh in Uttarkashi. 

2.2 POWER SCENARIO IN NORTHERN REGION 

2.2.1 Present Status 

Most of the states in the Northern Region have been experiencing energy 

shortage as well as shortage of Peak Power of varying degree. Actual Power 

supply position in the Northern Region during the year 2001-2002 has been 

as under: 

Energy (in MU), year 2001-2002 

State Require- Availability Shortage(-)/ %age 

ment 

Surplus (+) 

Chandigarh 1110 1108 (-) 2 0.2 

Delhi 19350 18741 (-)609 3.1 

Haryana 18138 17839 (-)299 1.6 

Himachal Pradesh 3293 3206 (+) 87 2.6 

Jammu & Kashmir 6635 5899 (-) 736 11.1 

Punjab 28780 27577 (-)1203 4.2 

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State Require- Availability Shortage(-)/ %age 

ment 

Surplus (+) 

Rajasthan 24745 24495 (-)250 1.0 

Uttaranchal-U.P 48332 43545 (-)4787 9.9 

Northern Region 150383 142410 (-)7973 5.3 

2.2.2 Peak Power (in MW), year 2001-2002 

State Peak Peak Met Shortage(-)/ %age 

Demand 

Surplus (+) 

Chandigarh 180 180 0 0.0 

Delhi 3118 2879 (-)239 7.7 

Haryana 3000 2900 (-)100 1.6 

Himachal Pradesh 562 562 0 0.0 

Jammu & Kashmir 1209 999 (-) 210 17.4 

Punjab 5420 4936 (-)484 8.9 

Rajasthan 3700 3657 (-)43 1.2 

Uttaranchal-U.P 7584 6887 (-)607 9.2 

Northern Region 24773 23000 (-)1773 7.2 

2.3 NECESSITY OF HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT IN UTTARANCHAL 

2.3.1 Hydro and Thermal Power Mix 

The main resources for generating electricity are by utilising the hydro 

potential available along the river drops besides the use of fossil fuel. 

Presently the ratio of thermal generation and Hydro-electric generation in 

Uttaranchal Power grid, is quite disproportionate. With the diminishing coal 

resources and difficult oil position all over the world, it is necessary that 

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electric generation be aimed to achieve the economic balance of 40:60 

between the hydro and thermal generation of power, as against the existing 

25:75 ratio. 

2.4 BRIDGING THE GAP OF HYDRO POWER GENERATION 

The requirement of power in Uttranchal is very fluctuating because of many 

seasonal and other similar demands of industries. To improve the share of 

hydro-power generation it is essential to develop the hydroelectric power 

potential of state which is about 15110 MW, of which so far only 8% has been 

developed. 

The existing installed generating capacity in the 

State is about 1286 MW ( 2003 fig) and the whole is contributed by hydro 

generation. There is no thermal power generation in the state . The major 

hydro power stations under construction in the state are (i) Maneri Bhali, 

Stage-II (304 MW), (ii) Lakhawar Vyasi, Stage-I (300 MW), (iii) Lakhwari 

Vyasi, Stage-II (120 MW), (iv) Srinagar H.E. Project (330 MW), (v) 

Vishnuprayag Scheme (400 MW), (vi) Tehri Dam Project, Stage-I (1000 MW), 

(vii) Tehri Dam Project, Stage-II (1000 MW), (viii) Koteshwar Dam Project 

(400 MW), and (ix) Dhauliganga H.E. Project, Stage-I (280 MW). 

With rising hydro power generation and improving efficiencies in distribution 

of electricity, Uttaranchal hopes to offer energy at stable prices for ecofriendly 

industrial development. Though the state is more or less sufficient 

in its energy generation to meet its own requirement, there is an urgent need 

to develop its huge untapped hydro power potential in an early and efficient 

manner, manage efficiently the hydro generation capacity of existing power 

stations and to develop and promote new Hydro projects with the purpose 

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of harnessing hydropower resources in the state for economic well being and 

growth of the people in the whole region. 

In order to meet the load demand satisfactorily, it is considered essential to 

maintain a minimum gross margin of about 30 per cent over the projected 

peak demand while planning for expansion of power supply facilities. 

To bridge the gap between the demand for power and the availability of 

power, some of the major hydro-electric schemes identified in Ganga Valley 

for development are indicated below : 

i Tapovan 

(360 MW) 

Vishnugad 

ii Bowala 

(132 MW) 

Nandprayag 

viii Karanprayag Dam (252 MW) 

ix Lata Tapovan (108 MW) 

iii Kishau Dam (600 MW) x Vishnugad Pipalkoti (340 MW) 

iv Pala Maneri (416 MW) xi Pancheshwar Dam 

v Loharinag 

MW) 

Pala (520 

xii Chamgad Dam (400 MW) 

vi Koth Bhel (1000 MW) xiii Dhauliganga, Stage-II 

vii Utyasu Dam (1000 MW) 

The location of H.E. Schemes are indicated in Plate-1 enclosed. 

2.5 PRESENT STUDIES 

2.5.1 With a view to prioritize the large number of identified schemes to harness 

vast untapped hydro resources in the order of their attractiveness for 

implementation, Ranking studies were carried out by CEA. Subsequently, 

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after consultation process initiated by Ministry of Power with various state 

agencies, CPSUs etc., it was considered appropriate that Preliminary 

Feasibility Report (PFRs) of selected hydroelectric projects be taken up so 

that feasibility of the scheme considered in ranking studies could be 

established. 

2.5.2 In order to achieve the above objective the present preliminary feasibility 

stage report presents the Bhairon Ghati H.E Project located in Uttarkashi 

district, as detailed in the subsequent Chapters. 

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3.1 GENERAL 

CHAPTER –III 

THE PROJECT AREA 


The Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project is located on Bhagirathi river immediately after 

the confluence of Jadhganga river joining it from the north at Bhairon Ghati 

township. The river originates of E1 7010 m from Gangotri glaciers and flow 

west wards. It passes through the rugged terrain, incise its course through 

steep gradients. The Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project is second H.E. Project on 

Bhagirathi after Gangotri H.E. Project for development of hydro power in 

cascade. Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project utilise the river bedfall of about 100 m 

with the intake located at bed level of E1 2610 m and tail race outlet level river 

bed at E1 2510.m. 

The Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project is a Run-off-the-River scheme with the 

arrangement of dam and gates a small diurnal storage is created. It is 

proposed to locate the intake at bedlevel EL 2610 m which is about 500 m 

down stream after its confluence with Jadhganga river in Uttarkashi District at 

Lat. 31 0 1’ 55”N and Long 78 0 51’ 35” E. The project diversion structure site is 

approached by railway upto Rishikesh and further 267 km by road via Tehri- 

Uttarkashi-Jadhganga highway or from Uttarkashi the intake is about 97 km. 

The intake proposes to pass a discharge of about 66.4 cumecs through a 

head race tunnel of 4.5 m dia (horse shoe shaped) of 5.1 km length to the 

under ground power house proposed to be located at Lat 31 0 2’ 30” N and 

Long 78 0 48’ 23” E. The tail race of 190 m long leads the discharges back to 

the river. The power house utilises an average hydraulic head of about 

132.0 m. 

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3.2 CLIMATE 


The available IMD observatory is at Dehradun which hardly represents the 

climate of Uttarkashi District. However at Dehradun peak winter extend from 

Dec. to Jan. months where the temperature remains at 2 0 C and during May- 

June months the maximum temperature is around 40 0 C. Rainfall during 

monsoon period (June to Sept. ) is about 2770 mm. Large climatic variations 

are experienced with in the sub basins at higher altitudes in the sub basins of 

the Ganga. The project is located on the Bhagirathi basin the climate of 

Bhairon Ghati could be considered more synonymous to Badrinath Metstation 

(IMD) which is in the adjoining Alaknanda basin. Here substantial 

snowfall occurs during winter months ( Dec.-April) with average seasonal 

snowfall of about 4600 mm. Although some snowfall is experienced in other 

months also except during June and July months. 

3.3 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE 

The entire state has undulating topography with lofty mountains jutting out 

and create the rugged terrain with steep valleys. The geology soil texture and 

climate are highly variable including the habitation pattern. It has sparse and 

scanty population, small sized villages, scattered on the hilly land scape. 

Out migration of able bodied person is common, subsistance level agriculture 

based economy mostly prevails with marginal holdings, the infrastructural 

development becomes very costly. 

Uttarkashi District has an area of 15.8% and supports 4% population as 

compared to the state. It has lowest density of population of about 30 

persons per sq. km. as against that of 116 persons per sqkm of the state. 

The litracy rate both among total (men and female) and female is lowest in the 

district standing at 47.2% and 23.6% as against state average of 59.6 and 

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42.9% respectively. It has largest population of schedule casts of about 

22.8% against state average of 16.7%. 

The main work force of about 75% are engaged in primary and secondary 

sectors and balance in allied sectors. As regards land use pattern about 70% 

of land is under forest and barran lands. 

About 64% of the inhabited villages are connected with road and the 

remaining villages suffer because of remoteness and higher altitudes. 

As regard rural electrification Uttaranchal has 76.1% electrified village and the 

per capita consumption of electricity of the state is about 245.6 Kwh. 

However, Dehradun and Nainital have much higher consumption where as 

Uttarkashi has the least of 43.7 kwh consumption. 

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CHAPTER – IV 


TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS 

4.1 TOPOGRAPHY & PHYSIOGRAPHY 

The terrain is highly undulating with jutting peaks, steep valleys the rivulets 

and tributaries cut across and negotiate the mountains with rapids and 

steep gradients. The major tributaries of Bhagirathi, Alakananda, 

Yamuna, Tons originate from the foot of glaciers and snow capped 

peaks. The pucca road network cover only 64% of the inhabitated 

villages in Uttaranchal state and rest of the villages are not be covered 

by roads due to higher altitude and remoteness of the areas. Bhagirathi 

river on which Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project is located originates at EL- 

7010 m at the foot of glaciers and flow westwards, direction before it joins 

Alkananda at Devprayag. 

Present PFR studies do not envisage topographical surveys and hence 

this write up is confined to physiographical aspects only. 

4.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 

The topography of the area around the proposed scheme is located in inner 

parts of Lesser Himalayas and outer parts of Central Himalayan is 

extremely rugged. In Central Himalayan portion the E-W rending strike 

ridges are characterized by steep northerly dip slopes and southerly 

obsequent escarpments. In the inner parts of Lesser Himalayan Zones, the 

trend of ridges has been modified and controlled by the folding of rocks. The 

main drainage of the area is Bhagirathi River which originates form 

Gangotri Glacier at Gaumukh. In the upper reach, the river is fed by 

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numerous streams such as Jadhganga, Jalandra Gad and Siam Gad. These 

streams appear to be subsequence to joints in granite. The drainage pattern 

in Central Crystalline country is rectangular. In the rock of Garhwal 

Group, the tributary streams are mainly transversal. 

The Bhagirathi valley is characterized glacial and U shaped upstream of Sukhi 

Gaumukh. A rapid down cutting by the river has formed a deep narrow 

gorge between Gangotri and the Jangla Bridge. Downstream of Jangla, 

up to Jhala Bridge, the narrow gorge has been filled by sand and gravel 

due to the silting connected with the damming of river at Sukhi by a 

landslide. Further downstream of Suklhi, the true profile of valley has 

been masked as a result of massive landslides. 

The rock of the area have been grouped in to Garhwal Group, Central 

Crystalline and the meta sedimentaries, possibly equivalent to Martloi 

Formation by Kumar, Agarwal and Mukerjee (1969-79). The tectonic 

sequence observed in the area is as follows: 

NORTH 

Meta-sedimentaries Black slates, garnet mica intruded by biotite schist, 

quartz-biotite granite, tourmaline schist, garnet-mica 

granite aplite & schist, banded augen pegmatite 

gneiss (Martoli Formation) 

FAULT 

Central Crystallines Kyanie-garnet-mica schist and inter bedded augen 

and porphyritic gneiss, banded augen gneiss and 

garnet mica schist containing tourmaline, migmatite 

zone of mica schist gneiss, granite, amphibolite and 

marble/calc- silicate. 

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MAIN CENTRAL THRUST (MCT) 

Garhwal Group Upper massive quartzite, white to light grey and green 

coloured, fine grained to gritty, occasionally 

schistose, current and graded bedded. Metavolcanics 

- occasionally with pillow lava structure, lenticular 

limestone/dolomite with slate and minor quartzite; 

Lower quartzite and slate. 

4.3 GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS 

The Bhairon Ghati Hydro-electric Scheme envisage the utilisation of. 66.4 

Cumecs designed discharge and about 100 m of river bed fall available 

on the river Bhagirathi between Bhairon Ghati and Markande for 

generation of 11.13 MW firm power with an installed capacity of 65 

MW. The diversion structure site is located at an EL 2610.0 and may 

encounter problems of snow – ice covering the entire river section and 

avalanches during the winter months. 

At the proposed diversion site, the river Bhagirathi flows from 

55 0 E to N50 0 W direction . At the site tourmaline granite traversed by 

pegmatite veins is exposed on both the banks of the river upto a height of 

nearly 60-70 ms. At this height, both the banks have detached/transported 

blocks of rocks with soil and support a forest. farther higher up, both the 

banks of the river are covered with forest with occasional exposed rock 

along the alignment of the dam. The tourmaline granite is white in colour 

with dark coloured laths and specks of tourmaline and is designated as 

gangotri granite. It is intrusive in the county rock which are represented 

essentially by granite – gneiss with subordinate bands of schists, quartzite, 

phyllite and amphibolite. 

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The diversion site of the proposed HE. Scheme has a geological and 

topographical, Setting similar to that of the diversion site of the Gangotri 

HE. Scheme, located about 9 Km. farther upstream Consequently, the 

proposed diversion site also shows similar geological and topographical 

deficiencies as far as siting of a dam at the site is concerned. These 

deficiencies are briefly enumerated below: 

1. The diversion site is located around EL 2610.0 m and may 

experience problems of snow/ice covering the entire river section and 

of avalanches during the winter months. 

2. The depth of overburden in the river section at the dam site may be 

high and may be of the order of over 10-15 m. 

3. The base width of the gorge at the dam site, limited to approximately 

30-40 m is completely occupied by the river and there is no space 

for locating the sedimentation/ de-silting structure. Therefore, the 

structure may have to be planned underground. 

4. The tourmaline granite is the steep gorge of the river at the diversion 

site is highly jointed and some of the joints are quite open. 

Therefore, the extent of slumping at rock on both the banks of the 

river is likely to be considerable. Consequently, the extent of 

abutment stripping for removal of slumped rock, in order to found the 

diversion structure on sound rock would also be larger. This limit 

will have to be proved by exploratory drifts in the next stage of the 

project development/planning. However, at the present stage it may 

be assigned to be of the order of 10-15m at the HFL of the river 

and 25-30m at the crest level of the proposed dam. Slope 

stabilization measures above the stripped abutment would have 

to be planned and executed soon after stripping operation is over. 

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5. The head race tunnel which would conduct the water to the power 

house is located on the left bank of the river Bhagirathi. HRT is 

aligned is the direction S 80 0 E – N 80 0 W. The tunnel from the 

dam site and, for about one-half of its total length would be driven 

through the tourmaline granite and remaining one-half of the tunnel 

upto the power house site would be driven essentially though the 

granite – gneiss with subordinate bands of schist, quartzite, phyllite 

and amphibolite of the Central Crystalline Group. These rocks 

generally strike N 45 0 W - S 45 0 E to N60 0 W - S 60 0 E with dip of 

45 0 – 50 0 towards north-east. Thus, the headrace tunnel would be 

driven at angles of 20 0 – 30 0 with respect to the strike of the rocks. 

Such a direction is not very favourable for execution of the tunnel 

and may result in some extra overbreak. 

The power house for the Bhairoghati HE. Scheme was originally 

proposed on the surface near the confluence of Sartia Gad with 

river Bhagirathi, opposite village Markande. However, the hill slope 

between the left bank of the river Bhagirathi and the right bank of the 

Sartia Gad being unstable, the site was not favoured & hence it 

was suggested for an alternative site farther upstream of the 

location. The alternative site lies about 750 m upstream of the site 

proposed earlier. At the alternative site granite-gneiss are exposed 

earlier. At the alternative site granite – gneiss are exposed at the 

motor road level. However, enough space for locating the power 

house on the surface is not available at the site. It is, therefore, 

recommended that the power house may be planned as a semiunderground 

or completely underground structure. 

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4.4 GEOTECHNICAL APPRAISAL 


The proposed Bhairon Ghati Hydroelectric Project envisages to. utilize the 

head along Bhagirathi River between the confluence of Jadhganga with 

Bhagirathi and Dhorali. The diversion structure of this scheme is proposed to 

be located in narrow and deep valley of Bhagirathi just downstream of the 

confluence where the powerhouses is proposed to be located. The valley of 

intake structure is expected to be narrow one with sub vertical abutments. It 

is suggested that the final location of the diversion structure be decided after 

of over burden in the river bed and stability of abutments. The site exposes 

biotite granite, which is intruded by tourmaline granite. It is medium to coarse 

grained and occasionally porphyritic. The 5.1 km long headrace tunnel may 

encounter these biotite granites intruded by tourmaline granite, aplite and 

pegmatite. The rock is expected to provided fair to good tunneling media 

except in the reaches where there are closely jointed, sheared or locally 

faulted. The powerhouse is located near 

the confluence of Sartia Gad with Bhagirathi. The river valley is wide in this 

reach and adequate space for locating the structure and its appurtenants may 

be available. However, it is suggested that the powerhouse be located above 

HLF of Bhagirathi. This geotechnical appraisal is based on the regional 

geological set up. 

4.5 SEISMOTECTONICS AND SEISMICITY 

Seismotectonically, the project area is located in Main Himalayan Seismic 

Zone demarcate by the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) in south and downdip 

influence zone of the Main Central Thrust (MCT) in north, demonstrating 

predominantly thrust type of fault plane mechanism. It has been interpreted by 

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Narula (1991) that the strain buildup in different sectors of this domain is 

taking place at different locales and in Uttarkashi-Kumaon sector, this is 

Concentrated around the MCT as evidenced by the clustering of the seismic 

events in this subdomain to be around, this structural dislocation. The seismic 

status,infact has been a subject of interest for quite some time, though direct 

geological evidences of geotectonic activity have not been recorded in the 

area. According to Narula (1991), the project area falls in Garhwal Seismic 

Block which, is constrained by Alaknanda tectonic flux fault..in the east and 

Kautir or Kinnaur Faults in west. This domain contains another tectonic flux 

fault which is located in the project area. 

MBT & MCT are the two major dislocation features of significance in the 

project area located about 20 km to 35 km in the southern direction. 

Seismically the project area traverses through highly active Himalayan 

seismic belt and falls in seismic zone V of the seismic zoning map of 

India [ IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002]. Therefore, a suitable seismic factor would 

have to be adopted for designing the structures in the area. 

4.6 SEISMIC REFRACTION SURVEY 

Seismic Refraction Survey conducted at Baironghati site depicts the 

presence of rock line at shallow depth near the banks but the rock line 

goes below 5-25 meters from the river bed. 

Based on velocity model three broad layers can be classified, a thick 

alluvium, an intermediate layer and rock with different units of subsurface 

layers (Plate-4.1). 

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5.1 GENERAL 

CHAPTER - V 

HYDROLOGY 


The Ganga river is one of the holiest rivers in India and many temples and 

religious places are situated on its banks right from its origin to its confluence 

near Sagar Island with Bay of Bengal. It drains an area of 8.61 lakh sq km 

and the basin is one of the most fertile basins of the country. 

Bhagirathi and Alaknanda are the two major tributaries of Ganga which 

originate from Bhairon Ghati and Kamet glacier in Uttarkashi and Chamoli 

districts respectively of Uttranchal state. Bhagirathi originates at an elevation 

of 7010 m while Alaknanda rises at an elevation 7800m. Both the Bhagirathi 

and Alaknanda rivers join at Deoprayag and thereafter it is known as Ganga. 

Jadhganga s the first major tributary of Bhagirathi originating near Tagala at 

an elevation 5300m and joins Bhagirathi at Bhairon Ghati. The river has very 

steep slopes in upper reaches and most of the area is covered by permanent 

snow and glaciers. Due to steep slopes and area covered by snow, there 

exists considerable quantity of perennial flow and as such have a large 

potential for hydropower development, though irrigation may not be feasible 

due to non existence of command area. CEA had identified several hydro 

electric sites in the basin. The Bhairon Ghati Hydro-Electric Project 

(CA=2660sq km) is identified downstream after confluence of Jodhganga with 

Bhagirathi river. The catchment area map of the Project is shown in Plate 5.1. 

This report contains the results of the Hydrological studies made for Bhairon 

Ghati H.E. scheme. The detailed studies in respect of water availability and 

5 -1


Design flood are available in the report “ Hydrological studies – Volume I, 

Ganga basin” September, 2003. 

5.2. HYDROMEOTEROLOGICAL DATA 

No rainfall and discharge data at Bhairon Ghati site is available. However, 

observed discharges from 1971 – 72 at Uttarkashi (CA=4504 sq km) are 

available. The site is maintained by CWC. Discharge data for longer periods 

are available at 17 G&D sites (13 CWC sites and 4 States Governments) in 

the region, which are much downstream of Bhairon Ghati site. The data 

availability is given as under which has been utilised for developing the 

Regional Model. 

Table -1 

Sl. Name of River Organisation Period 

No. Station 

1 Tehri Bilanganga CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

2 Joshimath Alakananda CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

3 Tehri Bhagirathi CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

4 Deoprayag Ganga CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

5 Maror Nayar CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

6 Deoprayag Bhagirathi CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

7 Rudraprayag Mandakini CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

8 Rishikesh Ganga CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

9 Rudraprayag Alakananda CWC 1975-76 to 2001-02 

10 Nandkesri Pinder CWC 1994-95 to 2001-02 

11 Chandrapuri Mandakini CWC 1976-77 to 2001-02 

12. Karnprayag Pindar CWC 1976-77 to 2001-02 

13 Uttarkashi Bhagirathi CWC 1971-72 to 2001-02 

14 Raiwala Ganga State Govt. 1946-47 to 1983-84 

15 Maneri Bhagirathi State Govt. 1964-65 to 1984-85 

16 Lambagarh Alakananda State Govt. 1969-70 to 1990-91 

17 Tapovan Alakananda State Govt. 1973-74 to 1981-82 

5 -2


Long term flood peaks are available at Raiwala on Ganga (1901 to 1992), 

Tehri on Bhagirathi (!963 to 1978), Maneri at Bhagirathi (1964 to 84) besides 

at G&D sites on Alaknanda, Sarda, Tons and Yamuna rivers. 

5.3 ESTIMATION OF WATER AVAILABILITY 

5.3.1 Regional Model 

The proposed Bhairon Ghati site is in high altitude area whose major portion 

of the catchment (a small fraction of the nearest observed G&D catchment 

area) area is covered by snow and glaciers. As such the traditional method of 

rainfall run off or run off-run off model may not be feasible due to non 

availability of requisite data. A regional model has been developed on 10 daily 

basis utilising the 10 daily flows of each 17 G&D sites (CWC and State 

Government) together with the mean annual catchment rainfall and the 

percentage of area intercepted by glacier, snow and forest. The general 

format of the linear model for the G&D site is as under: 

q = K + a * s + b * g + c * f + d * (RF) 

or Q = K * (CA) + a * (SA) + b * (GA) + c * (FA) + d * (RF) * (CA) 

Where, q = Average specific yield of G&D site 

Q = Average yield of G&D site 

CA = Total catchment area in sq. km 

GA = Total area under glacier in sq.km 

SA = Intermediate area between glacier and permanent 

snow line in sq.km 

FA = Total forest area in sq.km 

5 -3


RF= Mean annual catchment rainfall in mm 

K, a, b, c, d = Constant of the model 

S = percentage of net snow area to total catchment area 

G = percentage of glacier area to total catchment area 

F = percentage of forest area to total catchment area 

The linear regional model was developed for Bhagirathi and Alaknanda basin. 

After studying the physical parameters responsible for run off for each 

catchment upto G&D site, the one parameter, two parameter, three parameter 

and four parameter linear models have been developed for each 10 daily 

block period. The one parameter model considers the specific yield of G&D 

sites Vs catchment area, whereas the remaining models consider the 

catchment area, glacier area, forest area, net snow area, mean annual 

catchment rainfall and the specific yield. After attempting the various 

permutations and combinations, the model which gives the maximum 

correlation coefficient was selected for estimating the dependable flows at 

Bhairon Ghati site. 

5.3.2 Dependable flows 

Using the most suitable regional model developed for each 10 daily block, the 

90%, 50% dependable flows and the average flows have been computed for 

the Bhairon Ghati project site (CA=2660 sq. km) as under: 

5 -4


Units:m 3 /sec 

Items June I June II June III July I July II July III Aug I Aug II Aug III 

90% 75.0 98.7 126.6 106.5 126.9 173.5 139.3 145.3 121.8 

50% 138.5 183.9 222.3 196.3 241.5 254.3 253.3 237.0 198.2 

Average 149.9 187.7 235.9 214.9 248.3 266.0 255.1 239.3 202.2 

Sep I Sep II Sep III Oct I Oct II Oct III Nov I Nov II Nov III 

90% 88.7 69.8 53.8 42.5 28.5 27.9 24.0 20.9 18.0 

50% 162.4 125.5 87.1 66.0 47.5 44.0 39.9 32.8 27.5 

Average 170.3 131.5 93.1 69.6 52.9 47.4 43.0 34.7 29.4 

Dec I Dec II Dec III Jan I Jan II Jan III Feb I Feb II Feb III 

90% 12.7 12.1 10.3 12.9 12.3 12.5 12.2 11.0 10.3 

50% 20.4 19.5 18.8 19.6 19.6 19.1 18.5 17.9 17.4 

Average 21.6 20.9 20.4 20.1 19.9 19.7 19.4 18.3 17.8 

Mar I Mar II Mar III Apr I Apr II Apr III May I May II May III 

90% 10.4 10.0 10.7 11.9 10.4 16.9 26.3 31.6 45.5 

50% 17.1 17.5 18.9 20.3 25.6 33.0 45.2 60.1 79.6 

Average 18.2 19.0 19.8 21.4 26.7 35.2 48.4 65.6 83.5 

5.4 Estimation of Design Flood 

Since the contentious discharge data for rainy season and concurrent rainfall 

is not available, it is not possible to estimate the design flood by unit 

Hydrograph method. 

The peak flood discharge at Bhairon Ghati site has been estimated based on 

the methodology indicated in the Flood Estimation Report for Western 

Himalayas, Zone 7 of CWC and Regional Frequency analysis (based on 5 

and 10 G&D sites) and Synthetic unit hydrograph approach based on 

Snyder’s method. The results of the study are as under: 

5 -5


Return Period 

Methodology 100 years 

(m 3 500 years 

/sec) (m 3 PMF 

/sec) m 3 /sec 

i) Flood Estimation Report, CWC 

5192 - 8495 

ii) Regional Frequent Analysis 

(5 G&D sites). 

iii) Regional Frequency Analysis 

(10 G&D sites). 

iv) Snyder’s Method 

v) Recommended Design flood 

value. 

3588 4560 - 

4397 5125 - 

3432 - - 

- - 8495 

As furnished above design flood (PMF) of 8495 m 3 /sec is recommended for 

studies. The computations are enclosed at Annexure 5.1. 

5.5 SEDIMENTATION 

Since Bhairon Ghati site HE scheme is identified as run of the river scheme, 

the sedimentation studies are not considered necessary as in the case of 

storage structures. However, based on the experience gained at variousi 

Power Stations in that valley, it is proposed to exclude silt particles of size 

0.25 mm and above from the water before it enters the power house. This 

aspect will be considered while designing the civil structures. 

5 -6

5.6 OBSERVATION OF CWC 


The draft report of this project was submitted to CEA for perusal during 

October ’03. The observations received from CWC on hydrological studies of 

this project and the replies for above observations, submitted by WAPCOS 

are enclosed as Appendix 1.1 and 1.3. 

5 -7

6.1 INTRODUCTION 

CHAPTER – VI 


CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT AND PLANNING 

Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project is proposed as Run-off-the River scheme on the 

river Bhagirathi to tap its hydropower potential. The diversion structure is 

located 500 m downstream of confluence of the river Jadhganga with 

Bhagirthi flowing from the north in Uttarkashi district of Uttaranchal State. The 

project envisages to divert the water of Bhagirathi into water conductor 

system by means of a diversion structure (a concrete gravity dam) across the 

river. The water conductor system comprises of an intake, underground 

desilting chambers followed by a 5.1 km long head race tunnel of 4.5 m 

diameter (horse shoe shape), a surge shaft of 10 m diameter, a pressure 

shaft which bifurcates near power house to feed two units of 32.5 MW housed 

in an underground power house. A 190 m long tail race tunnel discharges 

the water back into the river Bhagirathi river upstream of Harsil H.E. Project 

head works. 

6.2 LAYOUT STUDIES 

6.2.1 The Bhagirathi river rises at EL 7010 m and falls steeply untill Gaumukh at EL 

4000 m to Bhairon Ghati, the river bed fall is about 1000 m in 50 km stretch. 

Thereafter, it runs in a gentle to steep slopes in various stretches and is joined 

by Jadhganga at EL 2625.0 m. 

As per CEA assessment studies the hydro-potential of river Bhagirathi is 

proposed to be exploited by potential schemes in a cascade development and 

6-1


the projects serially planned are Gangotri, Bhairon Ghati, and Harsil Schemes 

now proposed for PFR studies. 

6.2.2 The entire stretch of river between proposed diversion site of Bhairon Ghati 

scheme to power house site was inspected by WAPCOS expert team and it 

was observed that both the banks of Bhagirathi are occupied by massive 

steep rocky slopes highly jointed and fractured. The weathered zone is 

expected to extend 10-15 m deep. The pondage created at this site selected 

shall be within safe levels of the upstream projects. 

6.2.3 As per CEA proposal, the diversion site for Bhairon Ghati H.E. scheme as 

proposed d/s of the confluence of Jadhganga, the diversion site is kept at the 

same location with river bed level EL 2610.0 m. However, surface Power 

House site opposite to Sarita Gad as proposed by CEA is not found suitable 

due to stability problems. Another site was selected by the expert team 

during there site visit which is about 750 m u/s of the site proposed by CEA 

and an underground power house is proposed by WAPCOS instead of 

surface power house. 

6.3 RIVER DIVERSION WORK 

6.3.1 The aspect of isolating the site for construction activity in the deep river valley 

portion was examined for two scenarios i.e. with and without the provision of 

diversion tunnel through abutment. As the diversion site is located in a 

narrow valley it was not found practical to isolate the construction area without 

the provision of diversion tunnel. 

6-2


6.3.2 A diversion tunnel of 4.5 m diameter circular and 500 m long is proposed 

along left bank to divert the discharge of 80 cumecs for the construction of 

dam & appurtenant works. However, during monsoon season, excess 

discharges beyond the capacity of diversion tunnel is expected to pass over 

the coffer dam and over the constructed portion of the dam. The diversion 

tunnel inlet is proposed to be provided with a gate of size 5 m x 5 m which will 

be operated by means of a rope drum hoist for purposes of closure of the 

diversion tunnel. Suitable coffer dams located approximately 100 m u/s & 

150 m d/s of the dam axis are proposed. The u/s coffer dam will be 7 m high 

with 6 m base width while the d/s coffer dam will be 6 high with base width of 

6 m. These structures are proposed of masonry type with colcrete. 

6.4 DIVERSION DAM 

6.4.1 The type of dam to be adopted i.e Earth dam or concrete dam is governed by 

the topographical, geotechnical and availability of construction materials 

considerations. The requisite construction materials for Earth dam alternative 

are not expected to be available in the vicinity of project area and also not 

possible for the narrow gorge. In view of the rock exposures along steep 

valley on both the banks of the river and shallow thickness of overburden in 

the river bed are anticipated. Accordingly a concrete gravity structure with a 

spillway in the deep gorge portion is proposed at this site. Concrete dam, 34 

m high above the deepest river bed (El 2610.0 m) 88.0 m long comprises of 5 

blocks. Three overflow blocks in the deep gorge portion are provided to pass 

the floods. A foundation gallery running all along the abutment is also 

proposed from drainage, grouting and maintenance considerations. A 

downstream slope of 0.8:1 is proposed for the dam section keeping in view 

the seismicity of the area (zone V, as per BIS 1893) 

6-3

6.4.2 Reservoir 


Keeping in view the storage characteristics of the valley upstream, the crest of 

spillway is proposed at El 2617.5 m. The crest of power intake is kept 10.5 m 

lower then the MDDL of El 2630.0 m. This is to ensure minimum water 

cushion requirements above the intake tunnels from air entrainment 

considerations. Storage to meet the diurnal peaking requirements has been 

provided between MDDL and FRL as it is a Run-off the River type 

development. Accordingly, MDDL and FRL are proposed at El 2630.0, and El 

2642.0 m respectively which provide live storage of around 0.853 M cum. 

6.4.3 Spillway & Energy Dissipation 

An ogee spillway with radial gates and breast wall is proposed to pass the 

design flood of 8495.0 cumecs corresponding to probable maximum flood. 

Three bays, each of clear opening of size 13.0 m x 17.5 m (height) are 

proposed to cater design flood discharge. Radial gates will be operated by 

means of hydraulic hoists. Provision of stoplog gates with gantry crane is also 

made. 

Since this project is located in the high altitude area (about El 2650 m above 

MSL), and most of the time the reservoir water surface will be under sub-zero 

temperature. To generate power for maximum period and for smooth running 

of the power plant, deicing arrangement are proposed to be provided. 

Energy dissipation is proposed through a trajectory type bucket as tail water 

depth fall short of post jump depth requirements during high discharges. 

Trajectory bucket with tip angle of 35 o would through the jet of water through 

the air and into the plunge pool. Protection works in the form of concrete 

6-4


apron is also provided immediately downstream of bucket from considerations 

of scour. 

The Layout details of Dam and Spillway are shown in Drg 

No.WAP/PFR/BHAIRON GHATI/1003 (R1) &1004 (R1). 

6.5 INTAKE AND DESILTING CHAMBER 

6.5.1 One intake structure is proposed on the left bank of the river upstream of 

the Diversion structure with its invert at El 2619.5 m i.e. 2.0 m above the 

spillway crest level to avoid entry of rolling debris into the water conductor 

system during floods. The intake tunnel of 5.0 m dia (D-shaped) is proposed 

on the left bank to carry design discharge of 80.0 cumec (including 20% 

flushing discharge). A trashrack is proposed at the entry so that debris 

/particles exceeding 75 mm do not enter the water conductor system. 

6.5.2 One underground desilting chamber is provided about 100 metre 

downstream of intake structure to remove particles of size 0.2 mm and above 

to protect the turbine parts against erosion. The chamber proposed is of size 

230 m x 12 m x 17 m (depth) and is designed to achieve 90% efficiency for 

silt removal. The chamber is designed to pass design discharge of 80 

cumecs and is provided with a gate on downstream end to isolate for routine 

maintenance. The bed of the trough is provided with a longitudinal duct of 2.0 

m dia to remove the silt laden water through a silt flushing tunnel to the river 

downstream. The details of intake and desilting chambers are shown in 

drawing no. WAP/PFR/BHAIRON GHATI/1005/R1. 

6-5

6.6 HEADRACE TUNNEL 


6.6.1 The design discharge of 66.40 cumec is carried downstream of desilting 

chamber through 4.5 m dia horse shoe shaped headrace tunnel, 5.1 km 

long to meet the surge shaft. The alignment of the tunnel has been optimally 

fixed to provide adequate rock cover below the nallah crossings. 

6.6.2 The excavated tunnel section is proposed to be provided with suitable support 

system depending upon the type of rock strata met. Accordingly, the entire 

tunnel reach has been tentatively divided into 4 categories depending upon 

the type of rock i.e. Good, Fair, Poor and Very Poor. It is presumed that 20% 

of the tunnel reach encounters poor/very poor rock conditions while in 

remaining reach Good/Fair rock conditions are met. A 300 mm thick PCC 

lining of M20 grade concrete is proposed for the headrace tunnel. Provision 

for contact grouting & consolidation grouting has also been made. 

The details of the Rock support system are shown in Drg. No 

WAP/PFR/BHAIRON GHATI/1006/R1. 

6.7 SURGE SHAFT & PRESSURE SHAFT 

6.7.1 An 10.0 m dia and 80.0 m high orifice type Surge Shaft is proposed at the end 

of headrace tunnel to release the effect of mass oscillations in the tunnel and 

to provide immediate storage requirement near the power house in case of 

sudden acceptance of load. The bottom elevation of Surge Shaft has been so 

fixed as to provide adequate water cushion below the minimum down surge 

level. Similarly, it is ensured that maximum upsurge level is contained within 

the Surge Shaft. 

6-6


The Surge Shaft is likely to be excavated in tourmaline granite rock 

formations. It is proposed to provide 75 mm thick shotcrete with 4m long rock 

bolt at suitable intervals. Reinforced concrete lining (M25 grade) 1.0m thick 

is proposed in the deeper reaches & reducing to 0.6 m thickness in the upper 

portion. Provision for consolidation grouting & contact grouting is also made 

to ensure proper consolidation of rockmass around the surge shaft. 

6.7.2 A vertical pressures shaft of size 3.75 m diameter is proposed downstream of 

Surge Shaft keeping in view the adequacy of horizontal and vertical rock 

cover as per codal requirement. Pressure shaft drops from El 2590.0 m to El 

2509.5 m in line with the center line of distributor. The horizontal portion of 

pressure shaft is bifurcated into 2 feeders each of 3.0 m dia to feed to 2 units 

of 32.5 MW each. 

The pressure shaft liner is designed taking into account 30% rock participation 

and 40% as water hammer head. Mild steel is proposed for liner so as to 

restrict the liner thickness to reasonable limits to obviate the need for stress 

relieving. Liner thickness varies from 12 mm to 28 mm in the pressure shaft 

reach. The water velocity in the pressure shaft is approximately 6.0m/sec. 

6.8 POWER HOUSE 

The underground power house is proposed as the river banks are steep and 

there is paucity of space for surface power house. The underground power 

house complex comprises of one cavern of 21.5 m width. The machine hall is 

15.5 m wide, it house 2 units of 32.5 MW each along with 20 m long service 

bay. The generator floor level is kept at EL 2514.5 Centre line of units is at EL 

2509.5 m and invert level of draft tubes kept at EL 2504.5 m. EOT crane of 

130/25 tonnes capacity shall be provided at crane beam level at EL 2522.5 m 

and travel up to service bay end also. The two main inlet valves, one for each 

6-7


unit, is also provided. The transformer bay is 6 m wide inside the main power 

house cavern to accommodate transformer and GIS. A cable carriage is 

provided from this cavern to the outdoor switchyard at the roof level. The 

draft tubes shall be by a draft tube gate fitted with gantry crane installed in 

the transformer cavern. The TRT of 5.0m dia (D-shaped) and 190m long shall 

have reverse slope to meet the river bed level. The power house cavern as 

well as the transformer bay shall be approached by an access tunnel starting 

from the main road. 

6.9 ELECTRO - MECHANICAL WORKS 

6.9.1 General 

The proposed 65 MW Bhairon Ghati Hydro-Electric Project would have 

underground type power house. The installed capacity would be provided by 

2 nos. Vertical Axis Francis turbine driven generating units of 32.5 MW each. 

It is proposed to provide Inlet Valve of Butterfly type for each turbine, which 

would be accommodated in the powerhouse cavern. 

The generation voltage of 11 kV would be stepped up to 220 kV through a 

three phase 38 MVA, 11/220 kV ODWF type unit step up transformers for 

each unit located in power house cavern. The 11 kV isolated phase bus ducts 

would connect the 11 kV generator terminals with 11 kV bushings of step up 

transformers. The 220 kV terminal of the transformers would be connected 

with 220 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) located on the floor above the 

transformers in powerhouse cavern. 

The layout of generating equipments, unit step up transformers, switchyard 

etc. are indicated in the drawings no. WAP/PFR/BHAIRON GHATI/1007(R1) 

&1008(R2). 

6-8


The GIS would accommodate 6 bays, 2 for generator incomings, 2 for 

outgoing 220 kV transmission lines, one for step down transformer and one 

for bus-coupler. The power generated would thus be evacuated through 2 

nos. 220 kV transmission lines. The single line diagram is shown in drawing 

no. WAP/PFR/BHAIRON GHATI/1009(R1). 

6.9.2. Brief Particulars of Equipments 

a) Turbine and Governor 

The upstream levels, tailrace levels and heads available for power generation 

are indicated below: 

i) Upstream Levels 

• FRL EL 2642.0 M 

• MDDL EL 2630.0 M 

ii) Tailrace Levels 

• Maximum EL 2515.0 M 

• Minimum EL 2513.0 M 

• Average EL 2514.0 M 

iii) Heads 

• Maximum net head 113.90 M 

• Minimum net head 99.90 M 

• Rated head 108.90 M 

Francis type turbine is considered appropriate choice considering the capacity 

of the generating units and head available for power generation. The turbine 

6-9


would be suitably rated to provide 32.5 MW at generator terminals at rated 

head of 108.90 M. The speed of turbine has been determined as 300 RPM. 

The center line of turbine runner has been set at EL 2509.5 M, 3.5 m below 

the minimum TWL which is at EL 2513 M. The governor would be electrohydraulic 

digital PID type suitable for fully automatic control. The closing time 

of wicket gates would be so adjusted so as not to increase the speed rise and 

pressure rise more than 45% and 30% respectively under full load throw off 

condition. 

b) Main Inlet Valve 

It is proposed to provide an Inlet Valve of the Butterfly type for each turbine as 

second line of defence in stopping the water flow to the turbine when due to 

governor malfunctioning, the generating units may tend to go to runaway 

speed. During the time when the generating unit is under stand still condition, 

it would help in minimizing the water leakage through the wicket gates of the 

turbine. The opening of the valve would be achieved through pressurized oil 

servomotor and closing through counter weight. 

c) Generator and Excitation System 

The generator shaft would be directly coupled with the turbine shaft. The 

bearing arrangement would be semi-umbrella type with combined thrust and 

guide bearings below the rotor and one guide bearing above the rotor. The 

generator would be of the closed air circuit water-cooled type. The main 

parameters of the generator would be as indicated below: 

i) Rated out put - 32.5 MW 

ii) Power factor - 0.9 lag 

iii) Speed - 300 RPM 

iv) Class of Insulation of 

stator and rotor winding - Class 'F' 

v) Generation Voltage - 11 kV 

6-10


The generators would be provided with static excitation equipment and 

voltage regulator. Necessary power for excitation would be provided by 

tapping the generator terminals. 

d) Unit Step-up Transformer 

Three phase 38 MVA, 11/ 220 kV transformers, would be provided for each 

generating unit. These transformers would be located in the powerhouse 

cavern. The 11 kV bushings of the transformer would be connected with 11 

kV terminals of generator through 11 kV bus ducts. The 220 kV bushings 

would be connected with 220 kV Gas Insulated Switchgear located on the 

floor above the transformers 

e) EOT Crane 

The heaviest equipment which the powerhouse crane is required to handle 

during erection and subsequently during maintenance is the generator rotor. 

The weight of the generator rotor has been estimated to be about 112 tonnes. 

It is proposed to provide one EOT crane of 130/ 25 tonnes capacity. 

6.10 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS FOR THE POWER HOUSE 

Following equipments for the auxiliary systems of the powerhouse would be 

provided: 

i) Cooling water system for turbines, generators, unit step up 

transformers etc. 

ii) Drainage System 

iii) Dewatering system 

iv) High pressure compressed air equipment for governor and MIV etc. 

v) Low pressure compressed air equipment for station services 

6-11


vi) 415 V LTAC supply system comprising station service transformers, 

unit auxiliary transformer, station service board, unit auxiliary boards 

etc. 

vii) D.C. supply system comprising 220V DC battery, chargers, DC 

distribution boards etc. 

viii) Ventilation system for the power house 

ix) Air conditioning system for control room, conference room etc. 

x) Illumination system 

xi) Earthing system 

xii) Oil handling system 

xiii) Power and control cables 

xiv) Fire protection system 

6.11 220 KV SWITCHYARD 

It is proposed to provide 220 kV, Gas Insulated Switchgear, having 6 bays; 2 

bays for generator incoming, 2 bays for 220 kV transmission lines, 1 bay for 

step down transformer and 1 bay for bus-coupler. The double busbar 

arrangement has been proposed which would provide flexibility and reliability 

in the operation of the plant. 

6.12 OBSERVATIONS OF CEA & CWC 

The Draft Report of this project was submitted to CEA for perusal during 

October 03. The observations from the various directorates of CWC and CEA 

on the civil and electrical aspects have been considered and taken care in this 

report. The detailing has been kept to the possible extent as the report 

pertains to the preliminary feasibility stage studies. 

6-12

7.1 GENERAL 

CHAPTER - VII 

POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES 


The power potential studies have been carried out for Bhairon Ghati Hydel 

Scheme. The projected power supply position for 11 th Plan also indicated 

that there would be shortage of peak power in Uttranchal State as well as 

in Northern region. The execution of this project would help in reducing 

the gap between supply and demand of power. 

This is a Run of river type development with diurnal storage for peaking 

purpose and would utilize a rated head of water of 108.9 M. The 

powerhouse would be of Under ground type. 

7.2 FIXATION OF FRL/MDDL 

The FRL of the pondage has been fixed at EL 2642.0 m so as to get 

adequate storage capacity for peaking operation of the plant during lean 

period. The MDDL of EL 2630.0 m has been fixed keeping the requirement 

of minimum cushion of water above the headrace tunnel (HRT) to rule out 

the air entrainment into the HRT. The storage at FRL is computed as 

1.883 million cubic metres whereas the storage at MDDL is estimated as 

1.03 million cubic metres, thus making available live storage of 0.853 

million cubic metres The levels v/s capacity characteristics of the pondage 

are indicated in Annex 7.1. 

7-1

7.3 FIXATION OF TAIL RACE WATER LEVEL (TWL) 


The minimum tail water level which corresponds to discharge of one 

generating unit at 10% load has been determined as EL 2513 m. The 

Maximum TWL at EL 2515 m corresponds to the discharge of all the 

generating units running at full load. 

These levels however would need to be verified when it would be possible 

to prepare tail rating curve. 

7.4 WATER AVAILABILITY 

The available data of water flows on 10 daily basis has been analysed in 

Chapter No. 5 on “hydrology”. Water flows determined in 90% dependable 

year and in 50% dependable year, have been utilized for computing power 

benefits. 

7.5 TYPE OF TURBINE 

The specific speed of the Turbine for rated head 108.9 m works out to be 

174.87 which leads to the choice of Francis Turbine to be used for this 

station. The following efficiencies applicable for Francis turbine driven 

generating unit have been considered for power potential studies. 

- Efficiency of Turbine 93.5% 

- Efficiency of Generator 98.0% 

- Combined efficiency of 

Turbine & Generator 

91.63% 

7-2

7.6 INSTALLED CAPACITY 


7.6.1 The power potential with different installed capacity from 30 MW to 80 MW 

and 90% dependable year is indicated in Annex-7.2. The simulation 

studies have been carried out with FRL at EL 2642 m, MDDL at EL 2630 

m, losses in water conductor system as 15.1 m and average TWL at EL 

2514 m. The study indicates that the firm power is 11.13 MW continuous. 

Considering four hours peaking, the installed capacity required would be 

about 66.78 MW. 

7.6.2 For optimization of Installed Capacity, annual energy generation (KWh), 

Incremental Energy generation d (KWh), and ratio of Incremental energy 

and Incremental Installed Capacity d(KWh)/ d (kW) have been computed 

for 90% dependable year for installed capacity varying from 30 MW to 80 

MW in steps of 5 MW. The results are indicated in Annex-7.3. It would be 

seen there from that d (Kwh)/ d (kW) drops steeply for increase in installed 

capacity from 65 MW to 70 MW. The installed capacity could be therefore 

be 65 MW. 

7.6.3 Keeping in view the system requirements and analysis of Incremental 

energy and Incremental installed capacity; the installed capacity of 65 MW 

is considered optimum. With installation of 65 MW, the load factor of 

operation during lean flow period works out to 17.12 % . 

7.6.4 There are two options for number of generating units to be installed 

1x65 MW 

2x32.5 MW 

7-3


Installation of one unit of 65 MW would be preferable from economic 

consideration. Installation of two units would provide increased reliability of 

power supply from station and also provide more flexibility for part load 

operation. Considering the above in view, it is decided to have installation 

of the two units of 32.5 MW, The turbine would be suitably rated to provide 

32.5 MW at generator terminal at rated head of 108.90 m. The speed of 

turbine has been determined as 300 RPM. 

7.7 RESULTS OF STUDIES 

Annual energy generation in 90% dependable year and in 50% dependable 

year have been computed for installed capacity of 65 MW (2 x 32.5 MW) and 

are indicated in Annexures 7.2 and 7.4 respectively. The results are also 

briefly indicated below. 

Particulars 90% dependable 

year 

Annual Energy 

Generation (Gwh) 

50% dependable 

year 

293.18 365.54 

MW continuous 11.13 18.01 

Average annual load 

factor 

Load factor in lean flow 

months 

51.49 % 64.2 % 

17.12 % 27.71 % 

The design energy computation have been carried out and indicated in 

Annex-7.5. The design energy of 279.45 GWh would be considered for 

financial evaluation. 

7-4


The live storage of 231.94 MWh (0.853 Million cubic meters) is available 

whereas the storage required for peaking operation works out to 267.12 MWh. 

Thus the storage is available for 3.57 hrs. of peaking operation of the station. 

7.8 CONCLUSIONS 

The power potential studies carried out indicates that installed capacity of 65 

MW comprising 2 generating units of 32.5 MW each would be required for this 

HEP to derive optimum power benefits. The station would afford generation 

of 293.18 Million units in a 90% dependable year. 

7.9 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES 

7.9.1 At DPR stage, based on the data available of topographic survey, tail race 

rating curve should be evolved so that in energy computations the head 

utilized for power generation is corrected with the change in trail race level 

corresponding to discharge. In the present study, tail race level was 

considered constant. 

7.9.2 The storage at FRL and MDDL should be computed with more accuracy 

based on the data of topographic survey. 

7-5

CHAPTER VIII 

POWER EVACUATION 


8.1 APPRAISAL OF EXISTING POWER EVACUATION FACILITIES 

The Project is located at latitude 31-02-30 (D-M-S) North and longitude 78-48- 

23 (D-M-S) East. The installed capacity of Uttaranchal State is 1286.15 MW as 

on March 2003. Its peak demand has been estimated as 771 MW whereas the 

met peak is 705 MW in the present scenario. This amounts to deficit of 66 MW 

(8.56%). Accordingly, energy requirement is 3774 MU against the available 

energy of about 3670 MU. This depicts deficit of 104 MU (2.8%). For the 

purpose of evacuation of power pooling has been proposed for various Hydro 

Electric Power Projects. As per the geographical locations the following 

proposed Hydel Projects lie between the longitude 78.5 o N to 79.5 o N namely 

Harsil, Bhairon Ghati, Gangotri, Jadhganga, Karmoli Hydro Power Projects. 

The next group of Hydro Electric Projects which lie between longitude 79.3 o N 

to 80 o N are Badrinath, Gohana Tal, Rishiganga II, Rishiganga I, Jelum Tamak, 

Deodi, Devasari Dam and Malari Jelum. Whereas in the next series the Hydro 

Electric Projects which lie between longitude 80 o to 81 o N are Mapang 

Bogudiyar, Sirkari Bhyol Bogudiyar, Sirkari Bhytol Rus Bagar, Khasiya Barah, 

Khartoli Lumti Talli, Kalika Dantu, Garba Tawaghat, Sobala Jhimrigaon, Sela 

Urthing, Chhanger Chal, Bokang Beiling. The power map of Uttranchal as on 

1/1/2002 is shown at Annex-8.1. 

8.2 PROPOSED EVACUATION SYSTEM TO NEAREST FACILITY 

A map has already been prepared indicating various proposed Hydro Electric 

Projects for the purpose of preparation of prefeasibility report (PFR) indicating 

their locations which may be seen at Annex-8.2. 

8-1


8.3 ARRANGEMENT FOR EVACUATION OF POWER FROM BHAIRON GHATI 

HEP 

The 65 MW power generated at 11 kV at Bhairon Ghati HEP will be stepped 

upto 220 kV by unit step-transformers. The power would be taken to nearby 

proposed 400/220 kV Chhalmi sub station. Proposed line from Bhairon Ghati 

sub-station for evacuation of power is shown at Annexure - 8.3. 

8.4 ROUTE LENGTH AND COSTING OF 220 KV TRANSMISSION LINE FOR 

EVACUATION OF POWER FROM BHAIRON GHATI HEP 

The power of this project is intended to be evacuated by proposed 220 kV D/C 

line to newly proposed 400/220 kV sub-station at Chhalmi. The length of this 

section of line has been estimated as 10 km (220 kV D/C line) from Bhairon 

Ghati to Chhalmi including loop out portion of line. The cost of this line is 

estimated as Rs. 7.50 Crores. 

8-2

CHAPTER – IX 


INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION STUDIES 

9.1. INTRODUCTION 

The Initial Environmental Examination of Bhairon Ghati hydroelectric project 

has following objectives through various phases of development which are 

proposed to be covered: 

• provide information on baseline environmental setting; 

• preliminary assessment of impacts likely to accrue during construction 

and operation phases; 

• identify key issues which need to be studied in detail during 

subsequent environmental studies 

It is essential to ascertain the baseline status of relevant environmental 

parameters that could undergo significant changes as a result of construction 

and operation of the project. In an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) 

study, baseline status is ascertained through review of secondary data, 

reconnaissance survey and interaction with the locals. 

The Preliminary Impact Assessment conducted as a part of IEE Study, is 

essentially a process to forecast the future environmental scenario of the 

project area that might be expected to occur as a result of construction and 

operation of the proposed project. The key environmental impacts which are 

likely to accrue as a result of the proposed developmental activity are 

identified. Various impacts, which can endanger the environmental 

sustainability of a project, are highlighted for comprehensive assessment as a 

part of next level of environmental study during detailed studies. 

9-1

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SETTING 


The study area covered includes the area within 7 km radius of various project 

appurtenances. The data was collected through review of existing documents 

and various engineering reports and reconnaissance surveys. 

The various parameters for which baseline setting has been described have 

been classified into physio-chemical, ecological and socio-economic aspects. 

9.2.1 Physio-Chemical Aspects 

a) Water Quality 

The Bhairon Ghati hydroelectric project site, lies on river Bhagirathi just below 

its confluence with river Jadhganga. The catchment area of river Bhagirathi 

intercepted at the proposed project site includes the entire catchment of river 

Jadhganga as well. As per Revenue records, there are only two revenue 

villages in the catchment area of river Jadhganga. These villages are Jadung 

and Nelang. The village Jadung has been classified as uninhabited and 

village Nelang has only two residents. As per revenue records, there is only 

one village, i.e. Gangotri in the catchment of river Bhagirathi intercepted at the 

intake site. The present population of village Gangotri is of the order of 160. 

Thus, pollution load from domestic sources in the project catchment is 

insignificant. Likewise considering the topography and terrain conditions, the 

area has no industries as well. Thus, pollution from various sources is virtually 

absent in the catchment intercepted at the diversion structure site. The 

pristine, relatively undisturbed environment coupled with low temperature 

conditions, ensure that the water quality is excellent, with D.O. levels virtually 

upto saturation conditions. The TDS levels are well within the permissible 

9-2


limit. As a result, the concentration of various cations and anions too are well 

within the permissible limits. 

b) Landuse 

Various project features were superimposed on the satellite data, and the 

landuse pattern of the submergence area was ascertained and the same is 

given in Table-9.1.The land use pattern of the submergence area is appended 

as Figuirre-9.1 The satellite imagery (IRS 1D, LISS-III + PAN) of the study 

area is given as Figure-9.2. 

Table-9.1 

Landuse pattern of the submergence area 

_______________________________________________________________ 

S.No. Landuse / Land cover Area (ha) 

_______________________________________________________________ 

1. Forest area with dense vegetation 7.01 

2. Forest area with medium vegetation 1.35 

3. Scrub land 0.55 

4. Water bodies 4.10 

5. Rocky outcrop 0.26 

______________________________________________________________ 

Total 13.27 

_______________________________________________________________ 

The submergence area (considering FRL as 2642 m) is 13.27 ha. The major 

land cover category in the submergence area is Forest area (8.36 ha) which 

includes area with dense vegetation (7.01 ha) and medium vegetation (1.35 

ha). The other major landuse category is water bodies (4.10 ha). About 0.55 

ha of land in the submergence area is scrub land. As a part of next phase of 

Environmental study, it is recommended that detailed studies be conducted to 

ascertain the ownership status of these lands, i.e. whether the land belongs 

Forest Department or is it a non-forest government land. The scrub land 

could still be categorized as forest land, as far as ownership status is 

9-3


concerned. In such a scenario, compensatory afforestation as per the norms 

of Forest Conservation Act (1980) will have to be done in lieu of entire forest 

land ass per ownership, irrespective of its vegetal status to be acquired for the 

project. 

9.2.2 Ecological Aspects 

a) Vegetation 

The proposed project site lies in the western Himalayas. The nature and type 

of vegetation occurring in an area depends upon a combination of various 

factors including prevailing climatic conditions altitude, topography, slope, 

biotic factors, etc. 

The proposed project area lies between EL 2,500 m and EL 2,700 m and the 

vegetation in the area can be broadly categorised as cool temperate forests. 

Amongst the various forest types under temperate forests, Western mixed 

coniferous forest is commonly observed in the project area and its 

surroundings. Major tree species observed in the area are Morinda (Abies 

pindrow) and Rai (Picea smithiana). At many locations, Deodar (Cedrus 

deodara) is also observed alongwith Morinda. At higher altitudes, within the 

study area, Rai, Morinda and Banj are observed. 

Considering FRL as 2642.0 m, the submergence area, works out to 13.27 ha, 

of which 8.36 ha is the forest area. The submergence on the right bank lies in 

Gangotri Reserved Forest and Patangani Reserved Forest. Likewise, 

submergence on the left bank side, land belongs to Patangani Reserved 

Forest Land. 

9-4


Within the study area, for a stretch of 2-3 km on either side of river Bhagirathi 

dense mixed forest is observed. In different stretches, species such as pine, 

deodar are dominant. Beyond a distance of 2-3 km on either side of river 

Bhagirathi, barren lands with no major vegetal species are observed. 

The major floral species observed in the study area is given in Table-9.2. 

b) Fauna 

Table-9.2 

Major floral species observed in the study area 

Local Name 

Trees 

Scientific Name 

Spruce Picea smithiana 

Fir/Morinda Abies pindrow 

Pine Pinus roxburghii 

Deodar Cedrus deodara 

Padam Prunus cornuta 

Bhojpatra Betula utilis 

Banj 

Shrubs 

Quercus leucotriphora 

Aatas Aconitum heterophyllum 

Archa Rheum webbianun 

Titphada Sarccoces saligna 

Gugal Juniperus srumata 

Chiraita Swertia chirayita 

Hisar Rubius niveus 

The forest in and around the project area especially along the right bank is 

quite dense. A part of Gangotri and Patangani Reserve Forest is coming 

under reservoir submergence. The population density is quite low in the area, 

9-5


as a result of which, human interference are minimal. Thus, project and its 

adjacent area have good wildlife. Based on the review of secondary data and 

interaction with the Forest Department, major faunal species observed in the 

project area and the study area include Musk Deer, Tiger, Jackal, Jungle Cat, 

Wild Goat, Monkey, Brown bear, etc. Amongst the reptiles, lizard was the 

dominant species. The commonly observed bird species observed in the 

project area and its surroundings include vulture, dove, blue rock piegon, 

pheasant, etc. 

The list of faunal species observed in the study area including project area is 

outlined in Table-9.3. 

It can be observed, that many of the faunal species belong to Schedule-I & 

Schedule II category. As per Wildlife Protection Act (1972), such species are 

akin to rare and endangered species and need to be conserved and 

preserved. Thus, it is essential to ascertain adverse impacts on such species 

due to the proposed project. 

Table-9.3 

List of faunal species observed in the study area 

including project area 

Common Name Zoological Name Schedule as per 

Wildlife 

Protection Act 

Mammals 

Musk Deer Moschus moschiferus Schedule – I 

Jackal Canis aureus 

Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatta Schedule II 

Wild goat Pseudois nayaur Schedule I 

Brown Bear Ursus arctos Schedule I 

Tiger Panthera tigris Schedule I 

9-6


Common Name Zoological Name Schedule as per 

Wildlife 

Protection Act 

Python Python sp. Schedule-I 

Wild dog 

Avi-fauna 

Cuon alpinus - 

Vulture Gyps fulvus 

Indian Ringed dove Streptopelia decoacto 

Rufous Turtle dove Streptopelis orientalis 

Blue rock piegon Columba livia 

Monal Lopophorus imnejanus 

Pheasant 

Reptiles 

Catreus wallichii 

Lizard Hemidactyles brooki 

a) Fisheries 

The major water body in the project area are rivers Bhagirathi and 

Jadhganga. Since these are perennial rivers, it is expected that there could 

be quite a few species in these rivers. Based on the review of existing 

literature and secondary data, it can be said that fish species such as Black 

fish, Brown trout could be present in these rivers. Mahaseer, a migratory fish 

species could also be present. Generally in fast flowing mountainous streams, 

fish species show definite behaviour, which includes reaction to fast current 

and seeking of shelter in the almost stagnant water behind rocks and 

boulders. Even good swimmers like Mahaseer seek shelter for most of the 

time. Majority of the fishers in such streams spend most of their life facing the 

current. This helps them in two ways, viz. to maintain their upright position 

and to make respiration easier. 

9-7


It is recommended that a detailed fisheries survey be conducted in the river as 

a part of EIA study to ascertain the spatio-temporal occurrence of Mahaseer. 

Tank or pond fisheries is absent in the project area or study area. 

9.2.3 Socio-economic Aspects 

S. 

No. 

It is imperative to study socio-economic characteristics including demographic 

profile of the project area and the study area. The proposed project lies in 

tehsil Bhatwari of district Uttarkashi. The submergence area is not expected to 

affect private land or homesteads. The entire study area, too lies within tehsil 

Bhatwari of district Uttarkashi. Only three villages are observed within the 

study. The demographic profile of these study area villages is given in Table 

9.4. 

Table-9.4 

Demographic profile of the study area villages 

Village No. of 

households 

Population SC ST Literates 

Male Female Total 

Male Female 

1. Gangotri 51 117 6 123 8 1 117 4 

2 Mukhaba 190 593 635 958 130 76 475 116 

3. Dharali 95 271 246 517 65 - 182 23 

Total 336 981 617 1598 203 77 674 143 

Source : District Census Handbook 

The average family size in the study area villages is about 4.8, with a total 

population of 1598. The sex ratio, i.e. number of females per 1000 males is 

629. The SC population accounts for 12.7% of the total population. The ST 

population is quite low in the area (4.8%). The literacy rate in the study area 

is quite high (51.1%) compared to other villages in the area. The male literacy 

rate is quite high (67.7%). However, female literacy rate is quite low (23.2%). 

9-8

9.3 PREDICTION OF IMPACTS 


Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential 

impacts as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project 

have been identified. As a part of IEE study, impacts on various aspects listed 

as below have been assessed: 

- Land environment 

- Water resources 

- Water quality 

- Terrestrial flora 

- Terrestrial fanna 

- Aquatic ecology 

- Noise environment 

- Ambient air quality 

- Socio-economic environment 

9.3.1 Impacts on Land Environment 

a) Construction phase 

Quarrying operations 

A hydroelectric project requires significant amount of construction material, 

which needs to be extracted from various quarry sites in and around the 

project area. To the extent possible, existing quarries need to be tapped. 

Normally quarrying is done along the hill face, and generally left untreated 

after extraction of the required construction material. These sites can become 

permanent scar on the hill face and can become potential source of 

landslides. This aspect needs to be covered as a part of the EIA study and 

suitable measures for stabilization of quarry sites need to be recommended. It 

9-9


is recommended that the quarry sites be located in non-forest land, so that 

adverse impacts on flora & fauna are ameliorated to the extent possible. 

Operation of construction equipment 

During construction phase, various equipment will be brought to the site. 

These include crushers, batching plant, drillers, earth movers, rock bolters, 

etc. The siting of these construction equipment would require significant 

amount of space. Similarly, space will be required for workshop, storing of 

other construction equipment and materials, etc. In addition, land will also be 

temporarily acquired, for storage of the quarried material before crushing, 

rubble, sand crushed material, cement, spare parts yard, fuel storage, guard 

room, parking of light and heavy vehicles, petrol & diesel pumps, temporary & 

permanent residential colonies for government and contractor’s labour, water 

supply and switch yard for construction purposes, etc. Various storage sites 

need to be earmarked for this purpose. It is recommended that to the extent 

possible, such sites are located over non-forest land. 

Problems of muck disposal 

A large quantity of muck is expected to be generated as a result of tunneling 

operations, construction of access roads, etc. The muck so generated needs 

to be properly disposed otherwise it can lead to significant adverse impacts on 

environment. Normally muck is disposed along the river bank which ultimately 

finds it way into the water body, leading to adverse impacts on riverine 

ecology. 

It is proposed that muck be disposed over low lying areas, with minimum 

vegetal cover and preferably over non-forest land. Muck has low nutrients, 

hence, natural vegetal growth is unlikely at muck disposal sites, as a result of 

9-10


which specific bio-engineering measures need to be implemented. Specific 

site-specific management measures can be suggested as a part of EIA study. 

Construction of roads 

The topography of the project area has steep to precipitous slopes which 

descends rapidly into narrow valleys. Significant vehicular movement for 

transportation of large construction material, heavy construction equipment is 

anticipated during construction phase. Most of the roads in the project area, 

would require widening. Many new roads also would have to be constructed. 

Construction of new roads may lead to removal of trees on slopes and reworking 

of the slopes in the immediate vicinity of road, which may lead to 

landslides, soil erosion, gully formation, etc. Adequate management 

measures need to be implemented to ameliorate such impacts. 

b) Operation Phase 

The area coming under reservoir submergence is 13.27 ha (considering FRL 

as 2642 m). The submergence area lies in Reserve Forest area. In addition to 

above, an area of 50-55 ha will be required for siting of various project 

appurtenances, infrastructure, etc. It is recommended that to the extent 

possible, such sites be located over non-forest land. The ownership category 

of land required for various project appurtenances can be ascertained, once 

project layout is finalized as a part of DPR preparation. 

9.3.2 Impacts on Water Resources 

The construction of dam as a part of the proposed project diversion of 

discharge for hydropower generation would lead to reduction in flow for a river 

stretch of about 6.5 km downstream of the dam site up to the confluence point 

9-11


of tail race discharge. Since there are no users in the intervening stretch, 

hence, reduction in flow during lean season is unlikely to lead to any 

significant impact. However, reduction in flow is likely to have a minor impact 

on riverine ecology as the discharge during lean flow is significantly less, but 

intervening nallahs and streams do supplement the minimum flow in the 

stretch under study. 

9.3.3 Impacts on Water Quality 


The project construction is likely to last for a period of 4-5 years apart from 

investigation stage. About 2000 workers and 500 technical staff are likely to 

work during project construction phase. The construction phase, also leads to 

mushrooming of various allied activities to meet the demands of the immigrant 

labour population in the project area. Thus, the total increase in labour 

population during construction phase is expected to be around 5000-6000. 

The total quantum of sewage generated is expected to be of the order of 0.4 

mld. The BOD load contributed by domestic sources will be about 270 kg/day. 

The sewage generally shall be disposed in nearby streams or channels 

through open drains, where ultimately it will find its way into river Bhagirathi. 

The inadequate sewage treatment and disposal facilities could lead to 

formation of pools of sewage, which can lead to increased incidence of waterborne 

diseases. Thus, it is recommended to commission adequate sewage 

treatment facilities in the labour camps. 

Normally, during construction phase, elaborate sewage treatment facilities 

including primary and secondary treatment units are not commissioned, as 

they are rendered useless once the construction phase is over. At such sites 

septic tanks and or other low cost sanitation units are developed. Similar 

9-12


sewage treatment measures are envisaged in the labour camps of the 

proposed project as well. 

b) Operation phase 

Effluent from project colony 

In the operation phase, about 200 families will be residing in the area which 

would generate about 0.15 mld of sewage. The quantum of sewage 

generated is not expected to cause any significant adverse impact on riverine 

water quality. Adequate sewage treatment facilities including secondary 

treatment facilities need to be commissioned for this purpose to ameliorate 

the marginal impacts. The type of treatment units that need to be installed can 

be finalized, based on topography, population served, etc. 

Impacts on reservoir water quality 

The flooding of forest and agricultural land in the submergence area 

increases the availability of nutrients resulting from decomposition of 

vegetative matter. Enrichment of impounded water with organic and inorganic 

nutrients at times become a major water quality problem immediately on 

commencement of the operation and is likely to continue in the initial years of 

operation. However, in case of Run-off the river schemes, the submerged 

area is negligible. The above referred impact is not expected to be significant. 

It is recommended that a detailed modelling study be done to estimate the 

D.O. level in the reservoir during its initial years of operation. 

9-13

Eutrophication risks 


The fertilizer use in the catchment area intercepted at the diversion structure 

site is nil and is unlikely to change even during project operation phase. 

Since, the present proposal envisages only hydropower generation and does 

not entail command area development, problems of eutrophication, which are 

primarily caused by enrichment of nutrients in water are not anticipated. Being 

a Run-off-the-river scheme, no eutrophication risks are expected. 

9.3.4 Impacts on Terrestrial Flora 


Increased human interferences 

As mentioned earlier, about 2,500 technical staff, workers and other group of 

people are likely to congregate in the area during the project construction 

phase. The total increase in population is expected to be about 5000-6000. 

Workers and other population groups residing in the area may use fuel wood, 

if no alternate fuel is provided. On an average, the fuel wood requirements will 

be of the order of 2500-2700 m 3 . Thus, every year, fuel wood equivalent to 

about 800-900 trees will be cut, which implies that every year on an average 

about 1 ha of dense forest area will be cleared for meeting fuel wood 

requirements, if no alternate sources of fuel are provided. It should be made 

mandatory for the contractor involved in project construction to provide 

alternate source of fuel to the labour population. Alternatively, community 

kitchen using LPG or kerosene as a fuel can also be run at various labour 

camps. 

9-14

) Operation Phase 

Acquisition of forest land 


About 8.36 ha of forest area and 0.55 ha of scrub land is coming under 

reservoir submergence. In addition about 50-55 ha of land will also be 

required for siting of construction equipment, storage of construction material, 

muck disposal, widening of existing roads, construction of new project roads, 

infrastructure development. Since, the proposed site is located in a reserve 

forest area, adequate management measures in the form of compensatory 

afforestation need to be implemented. It is recommended that a detailed 

ecological survey be conducted as a part of EIA study to assess the density 

and diversity of flora in the area. Species requiring conservation need to be 

identified and if required the conservation plan for the same be prepared. 

9.3.5 Impacts on Terrestrial Fauna 


The forest area, in the project area and its surroundings provides habitat to 

various faunal species, quite a few which are categorised as Schedule-I and 

Schedule-II as per the Wildlife Protection Act (1972), which have to be 

protected and conserved. As a part of the EIA study, detailed data collection 

from various secondary sources needs to be done to assess the severity of 

impacts due to various activities in the construction and operation phases on 

Schedule-I & II species & other faunal species as well. 

Perusal of various faunal species observed in the project area, indicates that 

there are no migratory faunal species observed in the area. River Bhagirathi 

in the project area, even in the pre-project phase, acts as a barrier to wildlife 

9-15


movement. Thus construction of a small reservoir as a part of the proposed 

project is not expected to cause any additional barrier to wildlife movement in 

the project area. 

b) Operation phase 

During project operation phase, accessibility to the area will improve due to 

construction of roads, which in turn may increase human interference leading 

to marginal adverse impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem. Since, the increase 

in human population is not expected to be large, hence significant adverse 

impacts on this account are not anticipated. 

9.3.6 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology 


During construction of a river valley project, huge quantity of muck is 

generated at various construction sites, which if not properly disposed, 

invariably would flow down the river during heavy precipitation. Such condition 

can lead to adverse impacts on the development of aquatic life, which needs 

to be avoided. 

The increased labour population during construction phase, could lead to 

increased pressure on fish fauna, as a result of indiscriminate fishing by them. 

Adequate protection measures at sensitive locations, identified on the basis of 

fisheries survey in the EIA study need to be implemented. 

9-16

) Operation phase 


Amongst the aquatic animals, it is the fish life which would be most affected. 

The migratory fish species, e.g. Brown trout, Black fish and Mahaseer are 

likely to be adversely affected due to obstruction to their migratory route 

created by the proposed barrage. The dispersal and migration pattern of 

various fish species need to be ascertained to assess the degree of severity 

of impacts, which needs to be done as a part of EIA study. 

9.3.7 Impacts on Noise Environment 

Increased noise levels are anticipated only during construction phase due to 

operation of various equipment, increased vehicular traffic and blasting etc. 

No human settlements are located close to the project site. However 

increased noise level, especially blasting could scare away wildlife from the 

area. It has been observed during construction phase of similar projects, that 

wildlife migrates from such areas and returns after the cessation of 

construction activities. Similar phenomenon is expected in the proposed 

project site as well. However, presence of Schedule-I & Schedule II species in 

the project area, makes its imperative to conduct detailed noise modelling 

studies as a part of EIA study. Based on the increased noise levels, as 

estimated through modelling studies, impacts on each faunal species 

observed in areas adjacent to the project site needs to be assessed. 

9.3.8 Air Pollution 

Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment 

Normally, diesel is used in construction equipment. The major pollutant which 

gets emitted as a result of diesel combustion is SO2. The SPM emissions are 

9-17


minimal due to low ash content in diesel. Model studies conducted for various 

projects with similar level of fuel consumption indicate that the short-term 

increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are operating at a 

common point, is quite low, i.e. of the order of less than 1µg/m 3 . Hence, no 

major impact is anticipated on this account. 

Emissions from various crushers 

The operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to 

generate fugitive emissions, which can move even up to 1 km along the 

predominant wind direction. During construction phase, one crusher each is 

likely to be commissioned at the diversion structure and the power house 

sites. During crushing operations, fugitive emissions comprising of the 

suspended particulate will be generated. Since, there are no major 

settlements close to the diversion structure site, hence, significant adverse 

impacts on this account are not anticipated. However, it is recommended that 

the labour camp be situated at least 1 km away from the construction sites 

and that too on the leeward side of the pre-dominant wind direction in the 

area. 

9.3.9 Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment 

a) Project construction phase 

The construction phase will last for about 5 years. Those who would migrate 

to this area are likely to come from various parts of the country mainly having 

different cultural, ethnic and social backgrounds. Due to longer residence of 

this population in one place, a new culture, having a distinct socio-economic 

similarity would develop which will have its own entity. It is recommended that 

labour camps/colonies be located over non-forest area. 

9-18


Normally during construction phase of a project, there is significant impact on 

the employment potential of the area. Many people migrate in the area in 

search of jobs. 

b) Project operation phase 

The land to be acquired for reservoir submergence lies in reserve forest. No 

private land or homestead are to be acquired. The commissioning of a hydroelectric 

project provides significant impetus to economic development in the 

area being supplied with power. Likewise, in the project area, commissioning 

of a hydro-electric project would lead to mushrooming of various allied 

activities, providing employment to locals in the area. 

9.4 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND EMP 

A summary of impacts and recommended management measures are 

summarized in Table-9.5. 

Table-9.5 

Summary of Impacts and suggested management measures 

S. 

No. 

Parameters Impact Management Measures 

1. Land Environment 

Construction • Soil erosion due to the • Proper treatment of 

phase 

extraction of 

quarry site, and such 

construction material sites be located over 

from various quarry 

sites. 

non-forest land 

• Temporary acquisition • Such sites be located 

of land for siting of 

construction equipment 

& material, waste 

material, etc. 

over non-forest land 

9-19

S. 

No. 



Operation 

phase 

2. Water resources 

Operation 

phase 

3. Water quality 

Construction 

phase 

Operation 

phase 

4. Terrestrial flora 

Construction 

phase 

Operation 

phase 

• Generation of muck due 

to tunnelling operations 

& roads. 

• Acquisition of forest 

land in reserve forest 

area. 

• River stretch from 

diversion structure site 

to tail race outfall will 

have reduced flow 

especially during lean 

season. 

• Water pollution due to 

disposal of sewage 

from labour colonies. 

• Disposal of sewage 

from project colony. 

• Cutting of trees for 

meeting fuel wood 

requirements by labour. 

• Acquisition of 8.36 ha 

of forest area, located 

in reserve forest area. 

• Disposal at designated 

sites and provision of 

suitable management 

measures including 

bio-engineering 

treatment measures 

and location of such 

sites over non-forest 

land. 

• Compensatory 

afforestation & 

formulation of 

Conservation Plan 

• In case downstream 

nallahs do not 

contribute lean flows 

minimum flow will be 

released to maintain 

the riverine ecology. 

• Provision of community 

toilets and septic tanks 

• Provision of adequate 

sewage treatment 

facilities 

• Provision of community 

kitchen by the 

contractors engaged in 

project construction. 

• Compensatory 

afforestation as per the 

Indian Forest 

Conservation Act 

(1980) and formulation 

of Conservation Plan. 

9-20


S. 

No. 


5. Terrestrial fauna 

Construction • Disturbance to wildlife • Increased surveillance, 

phase 

due to operation of in the form of check 

various construction posts at major 

equipment. 

construction sites and 

Operation • Disturbance to wildlife labour camps. 

phase 

due to increased • Specific management 

accessibility in the measures are not 

area. 

required 

6. Aquatic Ecology 

Construction 

phase 

Operation 

phase 

7. Noise Environment 

Construction 

phase 

8. Air Environment 

Construction 

phase 

• Marginal decrease in 

aquatic productivity due 

to increased turbidity 

and lesser light 

penetration. 

• Obstruction in the path 

of migratory fishes. 

• Drying of river stretch 

downstream of 

diversion structure up to 

tail race outfall 

• Increase in noise levels 

due to operation of 

various construction 

equipment. 

• Increase in air pollution 

due to use of machinery 

and other civil activities. 

• Marginal impact, hence 

no specific 

management 

measures are 

suggested. 

• Development of 

hatchery for artificial 

seed production and 

stocking of reservoir 

and the affected river 

stretch 

• Provision of release of 

minimum flow in case 

downstream nallahs do 

not contribute to lean 

flows. 

• Construction 

equipment to be 

provided with noise 

control measures. 

• Cyclones will be 

provided in various 

crushers. 

9-21


S. 

No. 


9. Socio-economic Environment 

Construction • Increase in employment - 

phase 

potential. 

Operation 

phase 

• Increased power 

generation 

• Greater employment 

opportunities. 

9.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 

The project lies in reserve forest area. Detailed ecological studies need to be 

conducted to ascertain the adverse impacts on terrestrial flora & fauna. The 

following aspects need to be studied in detail as a part of next phase of 

environmental studies: 

- Impacts due to acquisition of forest land in reserve forest area. 

- Impacts on wildlife, especially species categorized as Schedule-I & 

Schedule– II species as per Wildlife Protection Act (1972). 

- Impediment to migratory fish species as a result of construction of 

diversion structure. 

- Proper stabilization of quarry and muck disposal sites 

- Management of pollution from various sources from labour camps 

- 

9-22


CHAPTER –X 

INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES 

PFR STUDIES OF BHAIRONGHATI H.E. PROJECT 

The Bhaironghati hydroelectric project across the river Bhagirathi envisages 

construction of a 34 m high dam (above river bed level), a diversion tunnel, a 

5.1 km long HRT, an under ground desilting basin, pressure tunnel, an 

underground power house with an installed capacity of 65 MW and a tail race 

tunnel. The dam is located at a distance of about 97 km from Uttarkashi. The 

major infrastructure facilities needed are described in the following 

paragraphs. 

10.2 COMMUNICATIONS 

10.2.1 The nearest rail head available to the project is Rishikesh which is about 267 

km from the Barrage site. 

From Rishikesh to Bhaironghati via chamba, Dobata, Dunda, Uttarkashi, 

Bhatwari, Gangani, Harsil a wide black topped road exists. From Uttarkashi 

upto Bhairaonghati (97 km) a motorable road exists but this requires 

extensive improvement, widening and hill slope stability measures. 

10.2.2 Roads in the Project Area 

Apart from improvement of existing road, a new approach road is required to 

be built from existing main road to intake site (4km). 

10-1


Other permanent roads to be constructed include a road from existing main 

road to Power House, access tunnel (about 3.5 km), project colony, work 

adits, and other Power House Complex requirements like road to switch yard, 

Power House Colony etc. 

Construction roads are also required from barrage / power house site from 

quarry sites, and plant and machinery workshops etc. 

Considering the existing road facilities, lengths of permanent and temporary 

roads that are needed will not be large. 

10.2.3 Railways 

The nearest railway station is Rishikesh on the broad gauge line. Railway 

siding for unloading heavy machineries and equipment is to be provided at 

Rishikesh. 

10.3 CONSTRUCTION POWER 

The power demand for the construction activities is estimated to be about 5 

M.W. taking capacity of electric driven equippent and lighting which are to 

work within the target time for consideration. The initial requirement in the first 

two years could be 2 M.W. and this subsequently has to be increased to 3 

M.W. 

The power requirement can be met with by procuring the supply from 

Uttaranchal authorities. For making the power available at project site 

required 33/11 K.V. substation and alongwith new power lines about 3 km to 

route from Bhaironghati is proposed. 

10-2


In addition to tapping grid supply, it is also proposed to provide supplemental 

power aggregating to 2 M.W. as a stand by in case of interruptions in grid 

supply. 

10.4 TELECOMMUNICATION 

To ensure efficient execution at various sites, adequate and reliable 

telecommunication net work is necessary. An electronic private Automatic 

Exchange with a capacity of about 50 lines is proposed. 

A VHF system is also proposed to link project Head Quarters with clients 

head-quarters. 

Suitable number of mobile phones / walky talkies are also proposed. 

10.5 PROJECT COLONIES/BUILDINGS 

10.5.1 The main project colony is proposed near Bhaironghati about 3-4 km from 

intake site and 10 km from power location. Facilities such as school, post 

office, police station, market, primary health centre are available at 

Bhaironghati however fire fighting arrangement, canteen, recreation facility, 

administrative building, 30 family quarters and a hostel are proposed to be 

built. 

Two more small colonies are near dam site and another near Power House 

location are also to be built with other facilities. 

10-3

10.5.2 Contractor’s Colony and Labour Colony 


Contractors colonies and two or three labour colonies with all amenities are to 

be located at sites near the major works. 

10.6 WORKSHOPS STORES, FABRICATION YARDS AND MAGAZINES 

Workshops for maintaining the plant and equipment used for construction, 

stores for construction materials, hydro-mechanical and electro-mechanical 

equipments etc. will be built and maintained by the contractor. However, a 

small workshop is planned for repair and maintenance facilities of project 

transport vehicles and minimum essential equipment will be built by the 

client. 

Areas for fabrication yards for the hydro – mechanical equipment, viz the 

various gates and hoists, pressure tunnel liners, penstocks etc. will have to be 

identified near the work sites. 

Two explosive magazines one for the works at dam site and rock quarries and 

another for the underground works are to be built. 

10.7 WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION 

For drinking purposes in the colony areas, suitable water treatment plants for 

treating water drawn from the river Bhagirathi will be used. For construction 

purposes, water directly pumped from the river and stored will be used. 

Suitable sanitation and sewerage treatment facilities will have to be mode at 

all the project and labour colony areas. 

10-4


CHAPTER – XI 


CONSTRUCTION PLANNING & SCHEDULE 

The Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project is located in the higher attitudes of about EL 

2610 m in the Himalayas and within the region heavy snow is experienced 

during winters. At Badrinath, in Alaknanda sub-basin adjoining Bhagirathi subbasin 

an IMD observatory is located reveal that for about 5 months from 

December to April heavy snow fall takes place. As such it is inferred that the 

project area also has a limited working season as regards construction of 

surface works are concerned. A period of 24 months has been provided for 

preparation of field investigations, subsurface exploration as required for 

preparation Detailed Project Report including statutory clearances / approvals. 

Thereafter 24 months’ have been provided for pre-construction activities, 

surveys, development of infrastructure facilities, and construction power, 

deciding on the developmental funds / agencies for execution, engineering 

design, approach roads, tender engineering etc. Thereafter construction 

phase starts only after completion of the initial two phases. A construction 

period of 5 years has been considered based on the specific location of the 

project in higher attitude and remoteness of the area. The initial 24 months 

period for DPR preparation could be optimized in case other potential projects 

in the basin are taken up simultaneously. 

11.2 CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY 

Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project is envisage as a Run-off-the-River scheme across 

Bhagirathi river. Diurnal gross Storage of about 1.883 Mcum and with live 

storage of 0.853 Mcum shall be created by a gravity dam and with the 

11-1


arrangement of gates the flow is proposed to be diverted through a tunnel of 

4.5 m dia of horse shoe shaped and 5.1 Km long to the underground power 

house and a small tailrace tunnel leading the discharges back to the river. 

11.3 MATERIAL SOURCES 

During the reconnaissance visit with a geologist and Engineer it is seen that 

sand is available near by of the power house site and further d/s in the river 

bed. Coarse aggregate shall have to be crushed from the nearby quary site 

selected for the construction purpose. 

11.4 CONTRACT PACKAGES 

The contracts packages shall be mainly in the following packages : 

a) Headworks including Hydro mechanical 

b) Intake tunneling work including adits with desilting chambers. 

c) Power house, pressure shaft, surge shaft, tailrace tunnel with adits and 

approaches 

d) Hydro mechanical equipment. 

e) Hydro Electrical equipment 

The eligibility of the contractors shall have to be suitably fixed based on 

working experience under similar conditions. The auxiliary works of river 

diversion including diversion tunnel, coffer dam, penstock installation and 

fabrication shall be part of the civil works. However, the basic site facilities of 

storage at sites for contractor, approach roads, construction equipment, 

testing laboratory, staff colony, field offices and hostels at power house and 

intake site could be taken up departmentally to enhance the pace of work and 

cost recovered from the contractors. The construction equipment packages 

11-2


could be contracted earlier so that by the time civil contractors mobilize the 

site facilities and some minimum equipment are made available. 

11.5 SCHEDULE OF WORK 

As envisaged the underground works could progress and may not be 

hampered much by the restricted working season but the progress of work 

shall be at a lower rate. The surface work shall be limited to about 150 days 

in a year with 25 working days in a month and 8 working hours. For the 

subsurface works the seasonal effect will be felt on the progress of work due 

to low temperatures restricted and reduced supplies as such reduction of 

progress in snowy period is considered and about 200 days could be utilized. 

Two shift working is considered economical due to shortage of working 

season, but third shift could be planned based on progress of work and 

seasonal constraints. 

11.6 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES 

After the financial terms and the Party/ Agency for investment in the 

construction is decided, NIT for fixing the civil contractor can be invited within 

6 months on ICB basis. 

a) Diversion of river 

As the river gorge is narrow a diversion tunnel on the left bank is proposed 

before construction of the dam. The diversion tunnel invert level is kept at 

minimum flow level and completed in three months immediately after the 

floods recede and before snow fall starts and hampers the surface works, 

however, the underground works could progress. The coffer dams could be 

constructed during next lean flood period and subsequent floods could be 

11-3


allowed to over top the masonry coffer dam. The dam shall be constructed in 

phases of overflow and non-overflow sections. Once the dam is fully operative 

the diversion tunnel could be plugged. The river bed excavation shall be 

handled by 3.0 cum hydraulic excavators and Rear Dumpers (25t). 

b) Construction of the dam shall be completed in 33 months. 

c) Power House 

The under ground Power house accommodates 2x32.5 MW units. The 

excavation of the power house cavern shall be by convential drilling and 

blasting method deploying air track, jack hammers and mucking shall be 

through trolleys mounted on rails as the working space in the tunnel shall be 

limited. Approach to the Power House cavern shall be from the highway by a 

small additional road with an access tunnel from the same bank. 

d) Tunnelling 

The finished dia of the tunnel (HRT) is proposed as 4.5 m and 5.1 Km long. 

As regards approach to Power House from the highway which is in the left 

bank a small approach road shall be constructed on the same bank to 

approach the Power House adit and also approach the Surge Shaft. One Adit 

each at Power House, Surge Shaft shall be provided. As both the banks of the 

river are under Deodar Forest as such no additional adit is proposed and 

approach roads to Surge shaft, Power house and intake structure shall be of 

minimum length. There shall be two faces for working on the HRT. Tunnel 

excavation shall be based on conventional drilling and blasting and supported 

by ribs where essential and supporting the excavated rock face by 

shotcreting. A period of 39 months has been kept for tunnel & power house 

11-4


construction. The pressure shaft and Surge shaft shall be excavated through 

Alimak Raise Climber. 

The construction schedule at PFR stage studies is given in the enclosed 

Plate 11-1. 

11-5


CHAPTER-XII 

COST ESTIMATE 


Bhairon Ghati H.E. Project is proposed as Run-off-the River scheme on the 

river Bhagirathi to tap its hydropower potential. The diversion structure is 

located downstream of its confluence with Jadhganga in Uttarkashi district. 

The project envisages to divert the water of Bhagirathi into water conductor 

system by means of a diversion structure (a concrete gravity dam) across the 

river. The water conductor system comprises of an intake, underground 

desilting chambers followed by a 5.1 km long head race tunnel of 4.5 m 

diameter (horse shoe shaped), a surge shaft of 10 m diameter, a pressure 

shaft which bifurcates near power house to feed two units of 32.5 MW each 

and housed in an underground power house. A 190 m long tail race tunnel 

discharges the water back into the river Bhagirathi upstream of another 

proposed Harsil H.E. scheme head works. 

12.2 ABSTRACT OF COSTS 

The Project is estimated to cost Rs. 256.29 crores at June 2003 price level 

the break down of cost is given below : 

Item Estimated Cost 

( Rs. Crore ) 

Civil Works 164.94 

Electrical Works 91.35 

Sub Total (Generation) 256.29 

12-1


The project estimate has been prepared on the basis of “ Guidelines for 

preparation of cost estimates for River Valley projects” published by Central 

Water Commission, New Delhi. The abstract of cost of civil works is 

enclosed as Annexure 12.1. The above cost does not include the cost of 

transmission. However cost of power evacuation for this project under 

construction has been arrived as Rs. 7.5 Crores. Cost of Electromechanical 

is enclosed as Annexure 12.2 

The estimate for civil & Hydro mechanical works have been prepared based 

on the as average rates for major items of works made available by CWC in 

the “guidelines for estimating the civil cost for the preparation of PFR”. 

The electro mechanical rates have been adopted on the basis of enquiry 

floated to various reputed manufactures / supplier. The rates are inclusive of 

excise duty & taxes. 

The phased programme of construction has been given in the relevant 

chapter with this report. 

Cost provisions for the various items mentioned below has been made on 

lump sum percentage basis of C-Works & J – Power Plant Civil Works for 

working out the total cost of project at pre - feasibility stage. 

12-2


S.No. Items Provisions of % of 

C- Works & J - Power 

Plant Civil Works 

1 A. Preliminary 2% 

2 K. Buildings 4% 

3 O. Miscellaneous 5% 

4 P. Maintenance 1% of (C+J+K+R) 

5 R. Communication 4% 

6 X. Environment & Ecology 2.0% 

7 Y. Losses on Stock 0.25% of C – Works, 

J - Power Plant - Civil 

Works, K - Building & 

R - Communication 

12-3

13.1 GENERAL 

CHAPTER – XIII 

ECONOMIC EVALUATION 


The economic and financial evaluation of the Bhairon Ghati H.E project have 

been carried out considering the standard guidelines issued by Central 

Electricity Authority and the norms laid down by the Central Electricity 

Regulatory Commission (CERC) for Hydro projects. 

13.2 PROJECT BENEFITS 

13.2.1 The scheme would afford on annual energy generation of 293.18 GWh in a 

90% dependable year. For assessing the tariff, design energy generation of 

279.45 GWh , calculated with 95% capacity availability in a 90% dependable 

year, has been adopted. The project would provide 65 MW of peaking 

capacity benefits. 

13.3 CAPITAL COST 

The project cost has been estimated at Rs. 256.29 crores without IDC based 

on the criteria for “Adoption of Rates and Cost for preparation of PFRs of 

hydro-electric projects” issued by CEA and is as given below: 

1. Cost of civil works = Rs. 164.94 Crores 

2. Cost of Electrical/Mechanical works = Rs 91.35 Crores 

Total = Rs. 256.29 Crores 

13-1

13.4 MODE OF FINANCING 


The project is proposed to be financed with a debt equity ratio of 70:30. An 

interest rate of 10% on the loan component has been considered for the 

financial analysis of the project. The interest on the working capital is taken 

as 9.75%. 

13.5 PHASING OF EXPENDITURE 

The project is proposed to be completed in 5 years period in all respect with 

full benefit available after 5 years. The detailed year wise phasing of 

expenditure based upon the above construction programme for Civil & 

Electrical works is given in Annexure 13.1. 

13.6 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 

13.6.1 Basic and Normative Parameters 

The following basic parameters have been adopted for working out the 

financial analysis of the project. 

i) Estimated capital cost of Rs. 296.82 Crores considering the Interest 

during construction. 

ii) Annual energy generation of 293.18 GWh in 90% dependable year and 

Design energy of 279.45 GWh. 

iii) Operation & maintenance expenses (including insurance) @ 1.5% of 

the project cost in the first year with 5% escalation every year. 

iv) Depreciation @ 3.5 % has been considered on an average basis. 

v) Auxiliary consumption @ 0.7 % of the energy generated. 

vi) Transformation loss @ 0.5% of the energy generated. 

vii) Interest on working capital @ 9.75%. 

13-2


viii) Interest during construction has been worked out based upon the 

interest rates as mentioned above. The computations are given in 

Annexure 13.2 for present day capital cost. 

ix) Corporate tax @ 30%. 

x) Return on equity @ 16%. 

13.6.2 ASSESSMENT OF TARIFF 

Based upon the parameters given above, the sale rate of energy at bus bar 

has been computed in Annexure 13.3. The sale rate applicable in the first 

year and levellised tariff is indicated below. 

13.7 CONCLUSION 

Tariff Period 

First Year 

Levellised Tariff 

TABLE – 13.2 

Tariff 

(Rs./KWh) 

1.80 

1.57 

The sale rate of energy indicated above shows that the energy generated 

from the project is financially viable and economically attractive. 

13-3

BHAIRONGHATI HYDEL SCHEME ( Underground Power House ) 

Calculation of Interest During Construction 

Debt : Equity 70 : 30 

Interest rate @ 10 % 

(INR crores) 

Annexure 13.2 

Year Project Equity Loan 

ITERATION - I GRAND TOTAL 

cost component component Cummulative IDC Equity for Loan for TOTAL Capitalised 

(30%) (70%) loan 10.0% IDC IDC IDC IDC cost 

(Civil & E&M) 

(6) x 0.30 (6) x 0.70 10.0% 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 

1 25.63 25.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.63 

2 76.89 51.26 25.63 25.63 1.28 0.38 0.90 0.04 1.33 78.21 

3 76.89 0.00 76.89 102.52 6.41 1.92 4.49 0.31 6.72 83.61 

4 51.26 0.00 51.26 153.77 12.81 3.84 8.97 0.99 13.80 65.06 

5 25.63 0.00 25.63 179.40 16.66 5.00 11.66 2.02 18.68 44.31 

Total 256.29 76.89 179.40 37.16 11.15 26.01 3.36 40.53 296.82


Phasing of Expenditure 

Year Civil cost E & M cost Total cost 

1 16.49 9.14 25.63 

2 49.48 27.41 76.89 

3 49.48 27.41 76.89 

4 32.99 18.27 51.26 

5 16.49 9.14 25.63 

Total 164.94 91.35 256.29 

Annexure -13.1 

INR crores


TARIFF CALCULATIONS WITH PROJECTED COMPLETION COST 

Annexure - 13.3 

Debt:Equity Ratio 7.0 : 3.0 

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 Yr 8 Yr 9 Yr 10 Yr 11 Yr 12 

BASIC PARAMETERS 

Capacity (MW) 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 

Capital Cost (INR crores) 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 

Capital Cost with IDC . 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 

Equity Portion (%) 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

Debt Portion (%) 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 

Capital Cost/MW (INR crores) 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 

Interest rate for WC (%) 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 

Tax rate (%) 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

Interest rate on loan from Financial Institutions (%) 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 

Total annual energy (GWh) 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 

Design energy with 90% dependibility (GWh) 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 

Saleable Energy after aux. (GWh) 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 

consumption & transformation losses 

FINANCIAL PACKAGE (INR crores) 

LOAN % of % of Intt. AMOUNT EQUITY % of % of AMOUNT 

Loan Component 207.8 total project Rate (INR total project (INR 

loan cost (%) crores) equity cost crores) 

Fin. Institutions 207.77 

Equity component 89.04 Fin. Institutions 100.00 70.00 10.00 207.77 Equity 100.00 30.00 89.04 

89.04 296.8 

Period Repayment Moratorium Installment/yr. 

Financial Inst. 10 0 1 

Repayment Amount/year 

Financial Institutions 20.78 

Construction Period (Yrs.) 5 

Total 100.00 70.00 207.77 Total 100.00 30.00 89.04 

1/12






NORMATIVE PARAMETERS Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

O & M Charges incl. Insurance (%) 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 

O & M Inflation rate (%) 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 

Rate of return on equity (%) 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 

Rate of Depreciation (ES Act) (%) 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 

Rate of Depreciation (IT Act) (%) 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 

Spares for 1 yr -1/5th C.S 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 

Auxiliary consumption (%) 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 

Transformation Losses (%) 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 

SCHEDULE OF LOAN REPAYMENT 

AGENCY Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 

Outstanding Term loan 207.77 186.99 166.22 145.44 124.66 103.89 83.11 62.33 41.55 20.78 0.00 0.00 

Term loan installment 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 0.00 0.00 

Cum. Loan Repaid 20.78 41.55 62.33 83.11 103.89 124.66 145.44 166.22 186.99 207.77 207.77 207.77 

Interest on Term loan 19.74 17.66 15.58 13.51 11.43 9.35 7.27 5.19 3.12 1.04 0.00 0.00 

Total Yearly installment 40.52 38.44 36.36 34.28 32.20 30.13 28.05 25.97 23.89 21.82 0.00 0.00 

LOAN SERVICING 

Outstanding Term loan 207.77 186.99 166.22 145.44 124.66 103.89 83.11 62.33 41.55 20.78 0.00 0.00 

Loan Repayment Installment 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 0.00 0.00 

Sources of Funds for Repayment 

- Depreciation (ES Act) 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 0.00 0.00 

- Advance Depreciation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

- Additional sources (ROE ) 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 0.00 0.00 

COMPUTATION OF TARIFF COMPONENTS 

INTEREST ON CAPITAL 

Interest on Term loan 19.74 17.66 15.58 13.51 11.43 9.35 7.27 5.19 3.12 1.04 0.00 0.00 

Total Yearly Installment 40.52 38.44 36.36 34.28 32.20 30.13 28.05 25.97 23.89 21.82 0.00 0.00 

2/12






RATE OF RETURN 

Equity amount 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 

Return on Equity 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 

O & M EXPENSES 4.45 4.67 4.91 5.15 5.41 5.68 5.97 6.26 6.58 6.91 7.25 7.61 

INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL 

WORKING CAPITAL 

O & M Expenses - 1 month 0.37 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.45 0.47 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.58 0.60 0.63 

Spares 1 year - 1/5th cap spares 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 

Receivables for 2 months 

DEP(ES Act) 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 

Interest 3.29 2.94 2.60 2.25 1.90 1.56 1.21 0.87 0.52 0.17 0.00 0.00 

Return on Equity 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 

O&M 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.95 0.99 1.04 1.10 1.15 1.21 1.27 

I.Tax 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 1.85 

Interest on W.C. 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 

Total Working capital 9.21 8.92 8.63 8.34 8.05 7.77 7.49 7.22 6.95 6.68 6.88 8.55 

Interest on Working Capital 0.90 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.79 0.76 0.73 0.70 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.83 

DEPRECIATION (ES ACT) (INR crores) 

Total Depreciable Amount 267.13 256.75 246.36 235.97 225.58 215.19 204.80 194.41 184.03 173.64 163.25 152.86 

Opening Depreciation Fund 0.00 -10.39 -20.78 -31.17 -41.55 -51.94 -51.94 -51.94 -51.94 -51.94 -51.94 -41.55 

Yearly Depreciation (ES Act) 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 

Cumulative Depreciation Fund 10.39 0.00 -10.39 -20.78 -31.17 -41.55 -41.55 -41.55 -41.55 -41.55 -41.55 -31.17 

Loan Repayment Installment 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 20.78 0.00 0.00 

Advance Dep. for loan Repayment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

Return on Eq. for loan Repayment 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 0.00 0.00 

Closing Cummulative Dep. Fund -10.39 -20.78 -31.17 -41.55 -51.94 -51.94 -51.94 -51.94 -51.94 -51.94 -41.55 -31.17 

Total Depreciation 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 

Net Depreciable Amount 267.13 256.75 246.36 235.97 225.58 215.19 204.80 194.41 184.03 173.64 163.25 152.86 

DEPRECIATION (IT ACT) (INR crores) 

Sum at charge 296.82 222.61 166.96 125.22 93.91 70.44 52.83 39.62 29.72 22.29 16.71 12.54 

Depreciation (IT Act) 74.20 55.65 41.74 31.30 23.48 17.61 13.21 9.91 7.43 5.57 4.18 3.13 

Dep.limited to 90% of capital cost 74.20 55.65 41.74 31.30 23.48 17.61 13.21 9.91 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 

3/12






TAX LIABILITY (INR crores) 

Yearly Profit/loss -49.57 -31.02 -17.10 -6.67 1.16 7.03 11.43 14.73 24.60 24.64 24.64 24.64 

Cummulative Profit/loss (+/-) -49.57 -80.59 -97.69 -104.36 -103.20 -96.17 -84.75 -70.02 -45.41 -20.78 3.86 28.49 

Tax liability 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.74 11.09 

CAPACITY AND ENERGY CHARGES 

Annual Capacity Charge (INR crores) 30.13 28.05 25.97 23.89 21.82 19.74 17.66 15.58 13.51 11.43 10.39 10.39 

Annual Energy Charge (INR crores) 19.60 19.79 20.00 20.21 20.44 20.69 20.94 21.22 21.50 21.81 23.91 33.78 

Total Annual Charge (INR crores) 49.72 47.84 45.97 44.11 42.26 40.43 38.60 36.80 35.01 33.23 34.30 44.17 

Average Tariff (INR/kWh) 1.80 1.73 1.66 1.60 1.53 1.46 1.40 1.33 1.27 1.20 1.24 1.60 

Average Tariff for 5 years (INR/kWh) 1.67 1.33 1.55 

Discount rate (%) 12.00 / Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 

Discounted Average Tariff (INR/kWh) 1.80 1.55 1.33 1.14 0.97 0.83 0.71 0.60 0.51 0.43 0.40 0.46 

Levellised Eq.Avg. Tariff (INR/kWh) 1.57 

4/12


Capacity (MW) 

Capital Cost (INR crores) 

Capital Cost with IDC . 

Equity Portion (%) 

Debt Portion (%) 

Capital Cost/MW (INR crores) 

Interest rate for WC (%) 

Tax rate (%) 

Interest rate on loan from Financial Institutions (%) 

Total annual energy (GWh) 

Design energy with 90% dependibility (GWh) 

Saleable Energy after aux. (GWh) 



Loan Component 207.8 


Equity component 89.04 

89.04 296.8 











65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 

256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 

296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 

30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 

4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 

9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 

30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 

293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 

279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 

276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 

5/12

NORMATIVE PARAMETERS Year 

O & M Charges incl. Insurance (%) 

O & M Inflation rate (%) 

Rate of return on equity (%) 

Rate of Depreciation (ES Act) (%) 

Rate of Depreciation (IT Act) (%) 

Spares for 1 yr -1/5th C.S 

Auxiliary consumption (%) 

Transformation Losses (%) 


AGENCY Year 


Outstanding Term loan 

Term loan installment 

Cum. Loan Repaid 

Interest on Term loan 

Total Yearly installment 



Loan Repayment Installment 


- Depreciation (ES Act) 

- Advance Depreciation 

- Additional sources (ROE ) 




Total Yearly Installment 






13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 

5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 

16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 

3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 

25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 

0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 

0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

6/12


Equity amount 

Return on Equity 

O & M EXPENSES 



O & M Expenses - 1 month 

Spares 1 year - 1/5th cap spares 


DEP(ES Act) 

Interest 


O&M 

I.Tax 

Interest on W.C. 

Total Working capital 

Interest on Working Capital 


Total Depreciable Amount 

Opening Depreciation Fund 

Yearly Depreciation (ES Act) 

Cumulative Depreciation Fund 


Advance Dep. for loan Repayment 

Return on Eq. for loan Repayment 

Closing Cummulative Dep. Fund 

Total Depreciation 

Net Depreciable Amount 


Sum at charge 

Depreciation (IT Act) 

Dep.limited to 90% of capital cost 






89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 

14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 

8.00 8.40 8.82 9.26 9.72 10.20 10.71 11.25 11.81 12.40 13.02 13.68 

0.67 0.70 0.73 0.77 0.81 0.85 0.89 0.94 0.98 1.03 1.09 1.14 

0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 

1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 1.73 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 

1.33 1.40 1.47 1.54 1.62 1.70 1.79 1.88 1.97 2.07 2.17 2.28 

1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 1.85 

0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 

8.65 8.75 8.86 8.97 9.09 9.21 9.34 9.47 9.62 9.77 9.92 10.09 

0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.97 0.98 

142.47 132.08 121.69 111.31 100.92 90.53 80.14 69.75 59.36 48.97 38.59 28.20 

-31.17 -20.78 -10.39 0.00 10.39 20.78 31.17 41.55 51.94 62.33 72.72 83.11 

10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 

-20.78 -10.39 0.00 10.39 20.78 31.17 41.55 51.94 62.33 72.72 83.11 93.50 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

-20.78 -10.39 0.00 10.39 20.78 31.17 41.55 51.94 62.33 72.72 83.11 93.50 

10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 

142.47 132.08 121.69 111.31 100.92 90.53 80.14 69.75 59.36 48.97 38.59 28.20 

9.40 7.05 5.29 3.97 2.97 2.23 1.67 1.26 0.94 0.71 0.53 0.40 

2.35 1.76 1.32 0.99 0.74 0.56 0.42 0.31 0.24 0.18 0.13 0.10 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

7/12


Yearly Profit/loss 

Cummulative Profit/loss (+/-) 

Tax liability 


Annual Capacity Charge (INR crores) 

Annual Energy Charge (INR crores) 

Total Annual Charge (INR crores) 

Average Tariff (INR/kWh) 

Average Tariff for 5 years (INR/kWh) 

Discount rate (%) 12.00 / Year 

Discounted Average Tariff (INR/kWh) 

Levellised Eq.Avg. Tariff (INR/kWh) 






24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 24.64 

53.13 77.77 102.40 127.04 151.67 176.31 200.94 225.58 250.22 274.85 299.49 324.12 

11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 11.09 

10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 10.39 

34.17 34.58 35.01 35.46 35.94 36.44 36.96 37.51 38.08 38.69 39.32 39.99 

44.56 44.97 45.40 45.85 46.33 46.82 47.35 47.90 48.47 49.08 49.71 50.38 

1.61 1.63 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.70 1.71 1.73 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.82 

1.70 1.80 

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 

0.41 0.37 0.34 0.30 0.27 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.13 

8/12


Capacity (MW) 

Capital Cost (INR crores) 

Capital Cost with IDC . 

Equity Portion (%) 

Debt Portion (%) 

Capital Cost/MW (INR crores) 

Interest rate for WC (%) 

Tax rate (%) 

Interest rate on loan from Financial Institutions (%) 

Total annual energy (GWh) 

Design energy with 90% dependibility (GWh) 

Saleable Energy after aux. (GWh) 



Loan Component 207.8 


Equity component 89.04 

89.04 296.8 







7.0 : 3.0 

Yr 25 Yr 26 Yr 27 Yr 28 Yr 29 Yr 30 Yr 31 Yr 32 Yr 33 Yr 34 Yr 35 

65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 65.00 

256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 256.29 

296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 296.82 

30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 70.00 

4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 

9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 9.75 

30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 30.00 

10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 

293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 293.18 

279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 279.45 

276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 276.11 

9/12

NORMATIVE PARAMETERS Year 

O & M Charges incl. Insurance (%) 

O & M Inflation rate (%) 

Rate of return on equity (%) 

Rate of Depreciation (ES Act) (%) 

Rate of Depreciation (IT Act) (%) 

Spares for 1 yr -1/5th C.S 

Auxiliary consumption (%) 

Transformation Losses (%) 


AGENCY Year 



Term loan installment 

Cum. Loan Repaid 


Total Yearly installment 





- Depreciation (ES Act) 

- Advance Depreciation 

- Additional sources (ROE ) 




Total Yearly Installment 


7.0 : 3.0 


25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 

1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 

5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 

16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 16.00 

3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 3.50 

25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 25.00 

0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 

0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 

0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 207.77 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

10/12


Equity amount 


O & M EXPENSES 



O & M Expenses - 1 month 

Spares 1 year - 1/5th cap spares 


DEP(ES Act) 

Interest 


O&M 

I.Tax 

Interest on W.C. 

Total Working capital 

Interest on Working Capital 


Total Depreciable Amount 

Opening Depreciation Fund 

Yearly Depreciation (ES Act) 

Cumulative Depreciation Fund 


Advance Dep. for loan Repayment 

Return on Eq. for loan Repayment 

Closing Cummulative Dep. Fund 

Total Depreciation 

Net Depreciable Amount 


Sum at charge 

Depreciation (IT Act) 

Dep.limited to 90% of capital cost 


7.0 : 3.0 


89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 89.04 

14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 

14.36 15.08 15.83 16.62 17.45 18.33 19.24 20.20 21.21 22.28 23.39 

1.20 1.26 1.32 1.39 1.45 1.53 1.60 1.68 1.77 1.86 1.95 

0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59 

1.73 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 2.37 

2.39 2.51 2.64 2.77 2.91 3.05 3.21 3.37 3.54 3.71 3.90 

1.85 1.63 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.07 

0.12 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 

10.26 9.72 8.09 8.29 8.50 8.72 8.96 9.20 9.45 9.72 10.00 

1.00 0.95 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.95 0.98 

17.81 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

93.50 103.89 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 

10.39 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

103.89 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

103.89 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 111.31 

10.39 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

17.81 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

0.30 0.22 0.17 0.13 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 

0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

11/12


Yearly Profit/loss 

Cummulative Profit/loss (+/-) 

Tax liability 


Annual Capacity Charge (INR crores) 

Annual Energy Charge (INR crores) 

Total Annual Charge (INR crores) 

Average Tariff (INR/kWh) 

Average Tariff for 5 years (INR/kWh) 

Discount rate (%) 12.00 / Year 

Discounted Average Tariff (INR/kWh) 

Levellised Eq.Avg. Tariff (INR/kWh) 


7.0 : 3.0 


24.64 21.67 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 14.25 

348.76 370.43 384.67 398.92 413.17 427.41 441.66 455.91 470.16 484.40 498.65 

11.09 9.75 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.41 6.41 

10.39 7.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 

40.69 40.02 37.28 38.09 38.94 39.83 40.77 41.76 42.79 43.88 45.02 

51.08 47.44 37.28 38.09 38.94 39.83 40.77 41.76 42.79 43.88 45.02 

1.85 1.72 1.35 1.38 1.41 1.44 1.48 1.51 1.55 1.59 1.63 

1.46 1.55 

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 

0.12 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 

12/12

S.No. Item Unit Oty Rate Amount 

1 DIVERSION TUNNEL WORK 

Gate (Size) MT 40 100000 40.00 

Embedded Parts MT 10 50,000 5.00 

Rope Drum Hoist (as per capacity) Set 1 6000000 60.00 

2 SPILLWAY STRUCTURE 

a Radial Gates (Size) MT 500 100000 500.00 

Embedded Parts (Including anchorages) MT 170 50,000 85.00 

Hydraulic hoist Set 3 20000000 600.00 

b Bulkhead Gates (Sizes) MT 170 60000 102.00 

Embedded Parts MT 60 30,000 18.00 

Gantry Crane Set 1 6000000 60.00 

3 INTAKE STRUCTURE 

a Intake Gate (Size) 4 of 4.5 x 4.5 MT 40 100000 40.00 

Embedded Parts for Intake Gate MT 10 50,000 5.00 

Rope drum hoist (as per capacity) Set 2 3000000 60.00 

b Bulkhead Gates (Sizes) MT 20 60,000 12.00 

Embedded Parts for Bulkhead Gates MT 8 50,000 4.00 

Gantry Crane (as per capacity) Set 1 1000000 10.00 

4 CLEANNING MACHINE 

J - Power Plant Civil Work - 8 

BHARO GHATI HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT 

COST ESTIMATE - HYDRO - MECHANICAL WORKS 

a Trash Racks and Embedded Parts MT 70 50000 35.00 

5 SURGE SHAFT 

a Gate MT 40 100000 40.00 

b Embedded Parts MT 10 50,000 5.00 

c Hoist Set 1 6000000 60.00 

6 Disilting Channel 

Gate MT 40 100000 40.00 

Embedded MT 10 50000 5.00 

Hoist/Hydraulic Set 2 3000000 60.00 

1846.00 

Say 1846.00

J-1 533 Say 533.00 Works-1 365 Say 365.00 

J-2 1070 Say 1070.00 2 154 Say 154.00 

J-3 3445 Say 3445.00 3 2245 Say 2245.00 

J-4 455 Say 455.00 

J-5 185 Say 185.00 2764 

J-6 945 Say 945.00 

J-7 133 Say 133.00 

J-8 1846 Say 1846.00 

J-9 120 Say 120.00 

J 8732 459.84 

A 229.92 2.30 

B 101 1.01 Say 101.00 

C 2764 27.64 

J 8732 87.32 

K 459.84 4.60 

M 0.5 

O 574.8 5.75 

P 114.96 1.15 

Q 872 8.72 

R 574.8 5.75 

X 287.4 2.87 

Y 31.3266 0.31 

Total I work 14742.547 0 

V 28.74

Sl.No 

. 

1 Surface Excavation 

1.1 Common excavtion M 3 

1.2 Rock excavation M 3 

2 Underground Excavation M 3 

3 Support System 

24500 125 30.63 

4500 300 13.50 

6700 1000 67.00 

3.1 Rockbolts RM 13500 400 54.00 

3.2 Shotcreting M 3 

4500 4000 180.00 

4 Concrete 

4.1 M-15 M 3 

4.2 M-20 M 3 

4.3 Cement lining M-20 M 3 

2000 2930 58.6 

700 3390 23.73 

650 4000 26.00 

5 Reinforeing Steel T 130 27000 35.10 

6 Miscellaneous and Ancillary Works 

6.1 Various miscellaneous works like drilling & 

grouting, wiremesh reinforcement, slope protection 

488.56 

works, othr steel works etc. 2% 9.77 

6.2 Instrumentation 1% 4.89 

6.3 Dewatering 1% 4.89 

6.4 Add 5% on account of contingencies and 


COST ESTIMATE - INTAKE STRUCTURE 

Item of Work Unit 

J-Power Plant Civil Works-1 

Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

workcharged establishment except on L.S. items 5% 24.43 

Total 532.52 

Say 533.00

Sl.No 

. 



48700 1000 487.00 

2.1 Rockbolts RM 8150 400 32.60 


5550 4000 222.00 

3 Concrete Lining 

3.1 Cement Lining M-20 M 3 


4.1 Various Miscellaneous works like wiremesh/steel 

5550 4000 222.00 

963.60 

fibre reinforcement, drilling & grouting etc. 4% 38.54 




COST ESTIMATE DESILTING CHAMBER & SILT FLUSHING TUNNEL 



Total 1069.60 

Qty 


Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

Say 1070.00

Sl.No 

. 



112010 1000 1120.10 

2.1 Rockbolts RM 58750 400 235.00 


13250 4000 530.00 


3.1 Cement concrete lining M-20 M 3 

26450 4000 1058.00 

4 Reinforceing Steel T 100 27000 27.00 

2970.10 



fibre reinforcement, drilling & grouting, PVC pipes 

for drainage, slope prolection works etc. 8% 237.61 





COST ESTIMATE - HEAD RACE TUNNEL + INTAKE TUNNELS 

Item of Work 


Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 


Total 3445.32 

Unit 

Qty 

Say 3445.00

Sl.No 

. 



9600 1000 96.00 

2.1 Rockbolts RM 5700 400 22.80 

2.2 Shotereting M 3 

1300 4000 52.00 

3 Concrete 

3.1 M-15 backfill concrete M 3 

2550 2930 74.72 

4 Penstock Steel Liners MT 240 70000 168.00 


5.1 Various Miscellaneous works like drilling & 

& grouting, wiremesh/steel fibre reinforcement, 

413.52 

swellex anchor, etc. 3% 12.41 





COST ESTIMATE - PRESSURE SHAFTS AND PENSTOCKS 


Item of Work Unit Qty Rate Amount (Rs. 

(Rs.) in Lakh) 


Total 454.87 

Say 455.00

Sl.No 

. 





4000 300 12.00 

46500 1000 465.00 


3.1 Rockbolts RM 4000 400 16.00 


900 0.00 

4 Concrete 

4.1 M20 M 3 

4.2 M15 M 3 


COST ESTIMATE - POWER HOUSE COMPLEX INCLUDING TRANFORMER CAVERN 


Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

1150 3392 39.01 

4100 2930 120.13 

5 Reinforcing Steel T 550 27000 148.50 

6 Structural Steel for roof trusses T 50 42000 21.00 

7 Stone/Brick Masonry LS 15.00 

836.64 

8 Miscellaneous 

8.1 Various miscellaneous works like site clearance, 

drilling & grouting, wiremesh/steel fibre, 

reinforcement, flooring, water proofing system 

swellex anchor, doors & windows,painting, lift 

arrangement, architectural works, other metalworks 

etc. 5% 41.83 




workcharged establishment except on L.S. items 

5% 41.83 

Total 945.40 

Say 945.00

Sl.No 

. 




2 Under Ground Excavation M 3 

3 Support system 

500 125 0.63 

1500 300 4.50 

4000 1000 40.00 

3.1 Rock Bolling RM 2500 400 10.00 

3.2 Shot Creting M 3 

560 4000 22.40 

4 Concrete Lining M 3 



1120 4000 44.80 

122.33 

5.1 MISC. 3% 3.67 


5.3 Add. 5% on account of contingencies and work 

COST ESTIMATE - TAIL RACE TUNNEL 

Item of Work Unit Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 


Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

charged establishment 5% 6.12 

Total 133.33 

Say 133.00

Sl.No 

. 

1 Cost of surveys and investigation including 

geological investigation, hydrological 

investigation, preliminary construction materials 

surveys, C/O access paths and roads etc. at PFR 

stage. 

2 Topographical & other surveys for dam, 

powerhouse, reservoir etc. 

3 Geological Investigation 

4 Drilling & Drifting 

5 Construction Material Survey 

6 Hydrological and meteorological observation 

7 Geophysical survey, seismological study. 

8 Hydraulic model studies 

9 Ground water studies 

10 Charges for preliminary consultancy & specialists 

11 Training of Engineers during investigation 

12 Instrument and equipment for S & I works 

13 Stationary. Writing of completion report & 

history of project. 


COST ESTIMATE A - PRELIMINARY 


Qty Rate Amount (Rs. 


L.S. 2% OF C & J WORKS 254.42 

254.42 

Say 254.00

Sl.No 

. 



1 Requirement of land ha 200 50,000 100.00 

2 Staff for demoreacation and measurement of 

COST ESTIMATE - B - LAND 

Unit Qty 

Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

of land @ 1% of value of land 1.00 

Total 101.00 

Say 101.00

Sl.No 

. 

1 Residential Buildings 

1.1 Permanent residential buildings 

Services Charges @ 

1.2 Temorary Buildings 

Servoces Charges @ 

Total Residential Buildings 

Non Residential Buildings 

2.1 Permanent non-residential buildings 

2.2. 



Total Non-residential Buildings 

JADH GANGA HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT 

COST ESTIMATE - K - BUILDINGS 



L.S. 4 % OF C & J Work 508.84 

Grant Total ( Residential + Non-Residential) 508.84 

Say 509.00

Sl.No 

. 


1,1 Rock excavation M 3 

2 Underground Excavation 

2.1 Surge shaft excavation M 3 

2.2 Surge shaft excavation with raise climber M 3 


6750 300 20.25 

4000 1200 48.00 

3000 1500 45.00 

3.1 Rockbolts RM 1800 400 7.20 


400 4000 16.00 

4 Concrete 

4.1 M-20 M 3 

5 Steel Works 


COST ESTIMATE - SURGE SHAFT 

Item of Work Unit Qty 


Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

800 4000 32.00 

5.1 Deformed Reinforcement MT 50 2700 1.35 

169.80 


6.1 Various miscellaneious works like site clearance, 

drilling & grouting, wire mesh reinforcement, 

Airvent pipes, lift arrangement, other steel works etc. 2% 3.40 





Total 185.08 

Say 185.00

Sl.No 

. 


COST ESTIMATE - Q - SPECIAL T&P 


Unit Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

1 Inspection and Transport Vehicles 

Staff Car no 4 3.75 15.00 

Gypsy / Jeep no 12 3.75 45.00 

Amulance no 2 8 16.00 

School / Staff Bus no 2 6.5 13.00 

Mini Truck no 4 5 20.00 

Truck 10 ton no 5 8 40.00 

2 Miscellaneous Equipments 

Crane 50 ton no 1 155 310.00 

Carane 18 ton no 1 75 75.00 

Carane 10 ton no 2 45 90.00 

DG sets 500 KVA no 4 25 100.00 

Welding set no 4 2.25 9.00 

Tractor Trailor no 2 18 36.00 

Weight Bridge-20 ton no 2 8 16.00 

Explosive Van 10 ton no 2 6 12.00 

Pump 5 HP no 20 0.2 4.00 

Pump 10 HP no 10 0.3 3.00 

Pump 50 HP no 10 1 10.00 

3 Workshop Equipments 

Lathe machine no 2 4 8.00 

Shaper machine no 2 1 2.00 

Bench Drilling machine no 2 0.7 1.40 

Grinder no 4 0.15 0.60 

Drill Steel Grinder no 2 0.75 1.50 

Power hacksw no 6 0.25 1.50 

Hydrulic jack no 2 0.5 10.00 

Engine repair shop no 2 0.15 8.00 

Auto-electrical repair shop no 2 1.25 1.00 

Battery charger no 2 1.00 

Compressor for tyre inflation no 2 0.30 

Gas cutting set no 6 7.50 

Unforeseen item no 15.00 

Total cost of special tools and plants 871.80 

Say 872.00 

NOTE : The project has been planned for construction through private agencies. The contractor shall arrange 

heavy equipments for works for which no provision has been kept under Q - Special T&P.

Sl.No 

. 


1.1 Command Excavation M 3 




500 125 0.63 

1000 300 3.00 

10500 1000 105.00 

3.1 Rockbolts RM 5800 400 23.20 


1300 4000 52.00 

4 Concrete 


2600 4000 104.00 



6.1 Various miscellaneious works like wiremesh/steel fibre 

reinforcement,drilling & grouting PVC pipes 

314.83 

for drainage, slope protection works etc. 8% 25.19 





COST ESTIMATE - DIVERSION TUNNEL 


(Rs.) 

C-Works-1 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 


Total 365.20 

Say 365.00

Sl.No 

. 


1.1 Common Excavation M 3 

2 Concrete 

2.1 Plum Concrete M 3 

2.2 M-15 M 3 

400 125 0.50 

3000 2000 60.00 

2000 4000 80.00 

3 Rock Bolting & Drilling RM 400 400 1.60 



142.10 

4.1 Various miscellaneious works 0.5% 0.71 


4.3 Add 5% on account of contingencies and 5% 7.11 


COST ESTIMATE - COFFER DAM 


(Rs.) 

C-Works-2 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

Total 154.18 

Say 154.00

Sl.No 

. 


1.1 Rock Excavation M 3 


20000 300 60.00 

2.1 Rockbolts RM 3700 400 14.80 


500 4000 20.00 

3 Concrete 

3.1 M 15 M 3 

3.2 M 20 M 3 

9200 2930 269.56 

23000 3392 780.16 

4 Reinforcing Steel MT 3250 27000 877.50 



reinforcement,drilling & grouting PVC pipes, other 

steel works, slope protection works, elevator, road 

2022.02 

works, archktectural works for dam etc. 3% 60.66 





COST ESTIMATE - CONCRETE DAM 


Rate 

(Rs.) 

C-Works-3 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 


Total 2244.44 

Say 2245.00

Sl.No 

. 


1.1 Common excavation M 3 



2.1 Excavation of adits M 3 

3 Supports Systems 

500 125 0.63 

1000 300 3.00 

2600 1000 26.00 

3.1 Rockbolts RM 1900 400 7.60 


450 4000 18.00 

4 Concrete 

4.1 Cement Concrete Lining M-20 M 3 

950 4000 38.00 

5 Reinforcing Steel 50 27000 13.50 



COST ESTIMATE - ADITS 

6.1 Various miscellaneous works like drilling & grouting, 

wiremesh reinforcement, masonery works, PVC 

106.73 

pipes for drainage etc. 4% 4.27 

Instrumentation 1% 1.07 




J - POWER PLANT CIVIL WORKS - 9 

Item of work Unit Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

Total 119.53 

Say 120.00

Sl.No 

. 






24500 125 30.63 

4500 300 13.50 

6700 1000 67.00 

3.1 Rockbolts RM 13500 400 54.00 


4500 4000 180.00 

4 Concrete 

4.1 M-15 M 3 

4.2 M-20 M 3 

4.3 Cement lining M-20 M 3 

2000 2930 58.6 

700 3390 23.73 

650 4000 26.00 

5 Reinforeing Steel T 130 27000 35.10 


6.1 Various miscellaneous works like drilling & 

grouting, wiremesh reinforcement, slope protection 

488.56 

works, othr steel works etc. 2% 9.77 





COST ESTIMATE - INTAKE STRUCTURE 



Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 


Total 532.52 

Say 533.00

Sl.No 

. 



48700 1000 487.00 

2.1 Rockbolts RM 8150 400 32.60 


5550 4000 222.00 


3.1 Cement Lining M-20 M 3 



5550 4000 222.00 

963.60 

fibre reinforcement, drilling & grouting etc. 4% 38.54 




COST ESTIMATE DESILTING CHAMBER & SILT FLUSHING TUNNEL 



Total 1069.60 

Qty 


Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

Say 1070.00

Sl.No 

. 



112010 1000 1120.10 

2.1 Rockbolts RM 58750 400 235.00 


13250 4000 530.00 



26450 4000 1058.00 

4 Reinforceing Steel T 100 27000 27.00 

2970.10 



fibre reinforcement, drilling & grouting, PVC pipes 

for drainage, slope prolection works etc. 8% 237.61 





COST ESTIMATE - HEAD RACE TUNNEL + INTAKE TUNNELS 



Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 


Total 3445.32 

Unit 

Qty 

Say 3445.00

Sl.No 

. 



9600 1000 96.00 

2.1 Rockbolts RM 5700 400 22.80 

2.2 Shotereting M 3 

1300 4000 52.00 

3 Concrete 

3.1 M-15 backfill concrete M 3 

2550 2930 74.72 

4 Penstock Steel Liners MT 240 70000 168.00 


5.1 Various Miscellaneous works like drilling & 

& grouting, wiremesh/steel fibre reinforcement, 

413.52 

swellex anchor, etc. 3% 12.41 





COST ESTIMATE - PRESSURE SHAFTS AND PENSTOCKS 





Total 454.87 

Say 455.00

Sl.No 

. 





4000 300 12.00 

46500 1000 465.00 


3.1 Rockbolts RM 4000 400 16.00 


900 0.00 

4 Concrete 

4.1 M20 M 3 

4.2 M15 M 3 


COST ESTIMATE - POWER HOUSE COMPLEX INCLUDING TRANFORMER CAVERN 


Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

1150 3392 39.01 

4100 2930 120.13 


6 Structural Steel for roof trusses T 50 42000 21.00 

7 Stone/Brick Masonry LS 15.00 

836.64 


8.1 Various miscellaneous works like site clearance, 

drilling & grouting, wiremesh/steel fibre, 

reinforcement, flooring, water proofing system 

swellex anchor, doors & windows,painting, lift 

arrangement, architectural works, other metalworks 

etc. 5% 41.83 





5% 41.83 

Total 945.40 

Say 945.00

Sl.No 

. 




2 Under Ground Excavation M 3 

3 Support system 

500 125 0.63 

1500 300 4.50 

4000 1000 40.00 

3.1 Rock Bolling RM 2500 400 10.00 

3.2 Shot Creting M 3 

560 4000 22.40 

4 Concrete Lining M 3 



1120 4000 44.80 

122.33 

5.1 MISC. 3% 3.67 


5.3 Add. 5% on account of contingencies and work 

COST ESTIMATE - TAIL RACE TUNNEL 


(Rs.) 


Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

charged establishment 5% 6.12 

Total 133.33 

Say 133.00

Sl.No 

. 

1 Cost of surveys and investigation including 

geological investigation, hydrological 

investigation, preliminary construction materials 

surveys, C/O access paths and roads etc. at PFR 

stage. 

2 Topographical & other surveys for dam, 

powerhouse, reservoir etc. 

3 Geological Investigation 

4 Drilling & Drifting 

5 Construction Material Survey 

6 Hydrological and meteorological observation 

7 Geophysical survey, seismological study. 

8 Hydraulic model studies 

9 Ground water studies 

10 Charges for preliminary consultancy & specialists 

11 Training of Engineers during investigation 

12 Instrument and equipment for S & I works 

13 Stationary. Writing of completion report & 

history of project. 


COST ESTIMATE A - PRELIMINARY 


Qty Rate Amount (Rs. 


L.S. 2% OF C & J WORKS 254.42 

254.42 

Say 254.00

Sl.No 

. 



1 Requirement of land ha 200 50,000 100.00 

2 Staff for demoreacation and measurement of 

COST ESTIMATE - B - LAND 

Unit Qty 

Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

of land @ 1% of value of land 1.00 

Total 101.00 

Say 101.00

Sl.No 

. 

1 Residential Buildings 

1.1 Permanent residential buildings 


1.2 Temorary Buildings 

Servoces Charges @ 

Total Residential Buildings 

Non Residential Buildings 

2.1 Permanent non-residential buildings 

2.2. 



Total Non-residential Buildings 

JADH GANGA HYDRO ELECTRIC PROJECT 

COST ESTIMATE - K - BUILDINGS 



L.S. 4 % OF C & J Work 508.84 

Grant Total ( Residential + Non-Residential) 508.84 

Say 509.00

Sl.No 

. 


1,1 Rock excavation M 3 


2.1 Surge shaft excavation M 3 

2.2 Surge shaft excavation with raise climber M 3 


6750 300 20.25 

4000 1200 48.00 

3000 1500 45.00 

3.1 Rockbolts RM 1800 400 7.20 


400 4000 16.00 

4 Concrete 

4.1 M-20 M 3 

5 Steel Works 


COST ESTIMATE - SURGE SHAFT 



Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

800 4000 32.00 

5.1 Deformed Reinforcement MT 50 2700 1.35 

169.80 


6.1 Various miscellaneious works like site clearance, 

drilling & grouting, wire mesh reinforcement, 

Airvent pipes, lift arrangement, other steel works etc. 2% 3.40 





Total 185.08 

Say 185.00

Sl.No 

. 


COST ESTIMATE - Q - SPECIAL T&P 


Unit Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

1 Inspection and Transport Vehicles 

Staff Car no 4 3.75 15.00 

Gypsy / Jeep no 12 3.75 45.00 

Amulance no 2 8 16.00 

School / Staff Bus no 2 6.5 13.00 

Mini Truck no 4 5 20.00 

Truck 10 ton no 5 8 40.00 

2 Miscellaneous Equipments 

Crane 50 ton no 1 155 310.00 

Carane 18 ton no 1 75 75.00 

Carane 10 ton no 2 45 90.00 

DG sets 500 KVA no 4 25 100.00 

Welding set no 4 2.25 9.00 

Tractor Trailor no 2 18 36.00 

Weight Bridge-20 ton no 2 8 16.00 

Explosive Van 10 ton no 2 6 12.00 

Pump 5 HP no 20 0.2 4.00 

Pump 10 HP no 10 0.3 3.00 

Pump 50 HP no 10 1 10.00 

3 Workshop Equipments 

Lathe machine no 2 4 8.00 

Shaper machine no 2 1 2.00 

Bench Drilling machine no 2 0.7 1.40 

Grinder no 4 0.15 0.60 

Drill Steel Grinder no 2 0.75 1.50 

Power hacksw no 6 0.25 1.50 

Hydrulic jack no 2 0.5 10.00 

Engine repair shop no 2 0.15 8.00 

Auto-electrical repair shop no 2 1.25 1.00 

Battery charger no 2 1.00 

Compressor for tyre inflation no 2 0.30 

Gas cutting set no 6 7.50 

Unforeseen item no 15.00 

Total cost of special tools and plants 871.80 

Say 872.00 

NOTE : The project has been planned for construction through private agencies. The contractor shall arrange 

heavy equipments for works for which no provision has been kept under Q - Special T&P.

Sl.No 

. 


1.1 Command Excavation M 3 




500 125 0.63 

1000 300 3.00 

10500 1000 105.00 

3.1 Rockbolts RM 5800 400 23.20 


1300 4000 52.00 

4 Concrete 


2600 4000 104.00 




reinforcement,drilling & grouting PVC pipes 

314.83 

for drainage, slope protection works etc. 8% 25.19 





COST ESTIMATE - DIVERSION TUNNEL 


(Rs.) 

C-Works-1 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 


Total 365.20 

Say 365.00

Sl.No 

. 


1.1 Common Excavation M 3 

2 Concrete 

2.1 Plum Concrete M 3 

2.2 M-15 M 3 

400 125 0.50 

3000 2000 60.00 

2000 4000 80.00 

3 Rock Bolting & Drilling RM 400 400 1.60 



142.10 

4.1 Various miscellaneious works 0.5% 0.71 




COST ESTIMATE - COFFER DAM 


(Rs.) 

C-Works-2 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

Total 154.18 

Say 154.00

Sl.No 

. 


1.1 Rock Excavation M 3 


20000 300 60.00 

2.1 Rockbolts RM 3700 400 14.80 


500 4000 20.00 

3 Concrete 

3.1 M 15 M 3 

3.2 M 20 M 3 

9200 2930 269.56 

23000 3392 780.16 

4 Reinforcing Steel MT 3250 27000 877.50 



reinforcement,drilling & grouting PVC pipes, other 

steel works, slope protection works, elevator, road 

2022.02 

works, archktectural works for dam etc. 3% 60.66 





COST ESTIMATE - CONCRETE DAM 


Rate 

(Rs.) 

C-Works-3 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 


Total 2244.44 

Say 2245.00

Sl.No 

. 


1.1 Common excavation M 3 



2.1 Excavation of adits M 3 

3 Supports Systems 

500 125 0.63 

1000 300 3.00 

2600 1000 26.00 

3.1 Rockbolts RM 1900 400 7.60 


450 4000 18.00 

4 Concrete 

4.1 Cement Concrete Lining M-20 M 3 

950 4000 38.00 

5 Reinforcing Steel 50 27000 13.50 



COST ESTIMATE - ADITS 

6.1 Various miscellaneous works like drilling & grouting, 

wiremesh reinforcement, masonery works, PVC 

106.73 

pipes for drainage etc. 4% 4.27 

Instrumentation 1% 1.07 




J - POWER PLANT CIVIL WORKS - 9 

Item of work Unit Qty Rate 

(Rs.) 

Amount (Rs. 

in Lakh) 

Total 119.53 

Say 120.00

Annexure 12.1 

AMOUNT 

S.No. DESCRIPTION (Rs.in Crores) 

(June 2003) 

A CIVIL WORKS 

1 DIRECT CHARGES 

I - Works 


ABSTRACT OF COST OF WORKS 

A - Preliminary 2.30 

B - Land 1.01 

C - Works 27.64 

J - Power Plant Civil Works 87.32 

K - Buildings 4.60 

M - Plantation 0.50 

O - Miscellaneous 5.75 

P - Maintenance 1.15 

Q - Special Tools & Plants 8.72 

R - Communication 5.75 

X - Environment & Ecology 2.87 

Y - Losses on Stock (-) 0.31 

TOTAL OF I - WORKS 147.30 

II - Establishhment @ 8% of cost of I-works less B-Land 10.77 

III - Tools and Plants @ 1% of cost of I - Works 1.47 

IV- suspense 0.00 

V - Receipt & Recoveries (-) .013 

Total Direct Charges 159.53 

2 Indirect charges 

a) Capital value of Abatement of land Revenue, 5% of B Land 0.05 

b) Audit and Account Charges @ 1% of cost of I-Works. 1.47 

Total indirect Charges 1.52 

Total of Direct & Indirect Charges. 161.05 

Abstract : 

A Civil Works 161.05 

B Electrical works 107.29 

Total cost 268.34 

Say 268.00

0.31 

0.01308

BHAIRONGHATI HYDEL SCHEME 

AREA CAPACITY CURVE 

ELEVATION CAPACITY 

(M) (MCUM) 

MDDL 2630 1.03 

2631 1.082 

2631.5 1.107 

2632 1.133 

2632.5 1.159 

2633 1.185 

2633.5 1.21 

2634 1.236 

2635 1.288 

2635.5 1.313 

2636 1.339 

2637 1.391 

2637.5 1.416 

2638 1.442 

2639 1.494 

2639.5 1.519 

2640 1.545 

FRL 2642 1.883 

ANNEXURE-7.1

S. NO. INST. 

CAP.(MW) 

ANNUAL 

ENERGY 


INCREMENTAL ENERGY BENEFITS 

( 90% DEPENDABLE YEAR ) 

ANNUAL L.F 

(%) 

LEAN 

FLOW L.F 

ANNEX - 7.3 

KWh/ KW d (KWh)/ d 

(KW) 

GEN (GWh) 

(%) 

1 30 186.81 71.09 37.09 6227.14 - 

2 35 204.20 66.60 31.79 5834.23 3476.78 

3 40 221.36 63.17 27.82 5533.95 3432.00 

4 45 237.58 60.27 24.73 5279.58 3244.63 

5 50 252.22 57.58 22.25 5044.43 2928.00 

6 55 266.30 55.27 20.23 4841.83 2815.89 

7 60 279.74 53.22 18.54 4662.35 2688.00 

8 65 293.18 51.49 17.12 4510.47 2688.00 

9 70 306.22 49.94 15.90 4374.56 2607.68 

10 75 318.08 48.41 14.84 4241.06 2372.01 

11 80 329.12 46.96 13.91 4113.99 2208.00 

d (kWh) / d (kW) 

4000 

3500 

3000 

2500 

2000 

1500 

1000 

500 

0 


30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 

INSTALLED CAPACITY (MW)


POWER POTENTIAL WITH DIFFERENT INSTALLED CAPACITY IN A 90% DEPENDABLE YEAR 

FRL 2642 m GROSS HEAD 124.00 m GEN. EFF 98 % 

MDDL 2630 m WC LOSSES 15.1 m TUR. EFF. 93.5 % 

TWL 2514 m NET HEAD 108.90 m 

ANNEX - 7.2 

MONTH INFLOWS POWER UNRESTRICTEINSTALLED 

CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. 

POTENTIALENERGY 30 MW 35 MW 40 MW 45 MW 50 MW 55 MW 60 MW 65 MW 70 MW 75 MW 80 MW 

POWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGY POWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGY 

(CUMECS) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) 

Jun 75 73.42 17.62 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 73.42 17.62 73.42 17.62 

98.7 96.62 23.19 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

126.6 123.93 29.74 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

Jul 106.5 104.25 25.02 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

126.9 124.22 29.81 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

173.5 169.84 44.84 30.00 7.92 35.00 9.24 40.00 10.56 45.00 11.88 50.00 13.20 55.00 14.52 60.00 15.84 65.00 17.16 70.00 18.48 75.00 19.80 80.00 21.12 

Aug 139.3 136.36 32.73 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

145.3 142.23 34.14 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

121.8 119.23 31.48 30.00 7.92 35.00 9.24 40.00 10.56 45.00 11.88 50.00 13.20 55.00 14.52 60.00 15.84 65.00 17.16 70.00 18.48 75.00 19.80 80.00 21.12 

Sep 88.7 86.83 20.84 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

69.8 68.33 16.40 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 68.33 16.40 68.33 16.40 68.33 16.40 

53.8 52.66 12.64 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 52.66 12.64 52.66 12.64 52.66 12.64 52.66 12.64 52.66 12.64 52.66 12.64 

Oct 42.5 41.60 9.98 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 41.60 9.98 41.60 9.98 41.60 9.98 41.60 9.98 41.60 9.98 41.60 9.98 41.60 9.98 41.60 9.98 

28.5 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 

27.9 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 27.31 7.21 

Nov 24 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 

20.9 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 

18 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 

Dec 12.7 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 

12.1 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 

10.3 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.66 

Jan 12.9 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 

12.3 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 

12.5 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 12.24 3.23 

Feb 12.2 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 

11 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 

10.3 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 10.08 1.94 

Mar 10.4 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 

10 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 

10.7 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.77 

Apr 11.9 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 

10.4 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 

16.9 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 

May 26.3 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 

31.6 30.93 7.42 30.00 7.20 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 

45.5 44.54 11.76 30.00 7.92 35.00 9.24 40.00 10.56 44.54 11.76 44.54 11.76 44.54 11.76 44.54 11.76 44.54 11.76 44.54 11.76 44.54 11.76 44.54 11.76 

Total energy (GWh) 424.26 186.81 204.20 221.36 237.58 252.22 266.30 279.74 293.18 306.22 318.08 329.12 

Lean Period Power (MWc) 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 11.13 

(Jan. - Mar. ) 

Incr. Energy(GWh) - 17.38 17.16 16.22 14.64 14.08 13.44 13.44 13.04 11.86 11.04 

Incr. Cap.(MW) - 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 

Incr. Energy/Incr. Power (kWh/kW) - 3476.78 3432.00 3244.63 2928.00 2815.89 2688.00 2688.00 2607.68 2372.01 2208.00


POWER POTENTIAL WITH DIFFERENT INSTALLED CAPACITY IN A 50% DEPENDABLE YEAR 

FRL 2642 m GROSS HEAD 124.00 m GEN. EF 98 % 

MDDL 2630 m WC LOSSES 15.1 m TUR. EFF 93.5 % 

TWL 2514 m NET HEAD 108.90 m 

MONTH INFLOWS POWER UNRESTRICTEINSTALLED 

CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. INSTALLED CAP. 

POTENTIALENERGY 30 MW 35 MW 40 MW 45 MW 50 MW 55 MW 60 MW 65 MW 70 MW 75 MW 80 MW 

POWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGY POWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGYPOWER ENERGY 

(CUMECS) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) (MWc) (GWh) 

Jun 138.5 135.58 32.54 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

183.9 180.02 43.20 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

222.3 217.61 52.23 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

Jul 196.3 192.16 46.12 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

241.5 236.40 56.74 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

254.3 248.93 65.72 30.00 7.92 35.00 9.24 40.00 10.56 45.00 11.88 50.00 13.20 55.00 14.52 60.00 15.84 65.00 17.16 70.00 18.48 75.00 19.80 80.00 21.12 

Aug 253.3 247.95 59.51 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

237 232.00 55.68 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

198.2 194.02 51.22 30.00 7.92 35.00 9.24 40.00 10.56 45.00 11.88 50.00 13.20 55.00 14.52 60.00 15.84 65.00 17.16 70.00 18.48 75.00 19.80 80.00 21.12 

Sep 162.4 158.97 38.15 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

125.5 122.85 29.48 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

87.1 85.26 20.46 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 65.00 15.60 70.00 16.80 75.00 18.00 80.00 19.20 

Oct 66 64.61 15.51 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 60.00 14.40 64.61 15.51 64.61 15.51 64.61 15.51 64.61 15.51 

47.5 46.50 11.16 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 46.50 11.16 46.50 11.16 46.50 11.16 46.50 11.16 46.50 11.16 46.50 11.16 46.50 11.16 

44 43.07 11.37 30.00 7.92 35.00 9.24 40.00 10.56 43.07 11.37 43.07 11.37 43.07 11.37 43.07 11.37 43.07 11.37 43.07 11.37 43.07 11.37 43.07 11.37 

Nov 39.9 39.06 9.37 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 39.06 9.37 39.06 9.37 39.06 9.37 39.06 9.37 39.06 9.37 39.06 9.37 39.06 9.37 39.06 9.37 39.06 9.37 

32.8 32.11 7.71 30.00 7.20 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 32.11 7.71 

27.5 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 26.92 6.46 

Dec 20.4 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 19.97 4.79 

19.5 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 19.09 4.58 

18.8 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 18.40 4.86 

Jan 19.6 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 

19.6 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 19.19 4.60 

19.1 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 18.70 4.94 

Feb 18.5 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 18.11 4.35 

17.9 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 17.52 4.21 

17.4 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 17.03 3.27 

Mar 17.1 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 16.74 4.02 

17.5 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 17.13 4.11 

18.9 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 18.50 4.88 

Apr 20.3 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 19.87 4.77 

25.6 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 25.06 6.01 

33 32.30 7.75 30.00 7.20 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 32.30 7.75 

May 45.2 44.25 10.62 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 44.25 10.62 44.25 10.62 44.25 10.62 44.25 10.62 44.25 10.62 44.25 10.62 44.25 10.62 44.25 10.62 

60.1 58.83 14.12 30.00 7.20 35.00 8.40 40.00 9.60 45.00 10.80 50.00 12.00 55.00 13.20 58.83 14.12 58.83 14.12 58.83 14.12 58.83 14.12 58.83 14.12 

79.6 77.92 20.57 30.00 7.92 35.00 9.24 40.00 10.56 45.00 11.88 50.00 13.20 55.00 14.52 60.00 15.84 65.00 17.16 70.00 18.48 75.00 19.80 77.92 20.57 

Total energy (GWh) 729.68 224.54 248.88 271.93 293.32 312.04 330.40 348.48 365.54 381.50 397.46 412.87 

Lean Period Power (MWc) 18.01 18.01 18.01 18.01 18.01 18.01 18.01 18.01 18.01 18.01 18.01 

(Jan. - Mar. ) 

Incr. Energy(GWh) - 24.34 23.05 21.39 18.72 18.36 18.08 17.07 15.96 15.96 15.41 

Incr. Cap.(MW) - 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 

Incr. Energy/Incr. Power (kWh/kW) - 4867.73 4610.77 4277.96 3743.87 3672.00 3615.91 3413.13 3192.00 3192.00 3082.16 

ANNEX - 7.4


CAPACITY AND ENERGY BENEFITS IN 

90% DEPENDABLE YEAR 

ANNEX - 7.5 

PERIOD INFLOWS OUTPUT IC = 65 MW DESIGN ENERGY 

(Cumecs) MWc GWh MWc GWh 

JUN - 1 75.00 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

JUN - 2 98.70 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

JUN - 3 126.60 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

JUL - 1 106.50 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

JUL - 2 126.90 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

JUL - 3 173.50 65.00 17.16 61.75 14.82 

AUG - 1 139.30 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

AUG - 2 145.30 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

AUG - 3 121.80 65.00 17.16 61.75 14.82 

SEP - 1 88.70 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

SEP - 2 69.80 65.00 15.60 61.75 14.82 

SEP - 3 53.80 52.66 12.64 52.66 12.64 

OCT - 1 42.50 41.60 9.98 41.60 9.98 

OCT - 2 28.50 27.90 6.70 27.90 6.70 

OCT - 3 27.90 27.31 7.21 27.31 6.55 

NOV - 1 24.00 23.49 5.64 23.49 5.64 

NOV - 2 20.90 20.46 4.91 20.46 4.91 

NOV - 3 18.00 17.62 4.23 17.62 4.23 

DEC - 1 12.70 12.43 2.98 12.43 2.98 

DEC - 2 12.10 11.84 2.84 11.84 2.84 

DEC - 3 10.30 10.08 2.66 10.08 2.42 

JAN - 1 12.90 12.63 3.03 12.63 3.03 

JAN - 2 12.30 12.04 2.89 12.04 2.89 

JAN - 3 12.50 12.24 3.23 12.24 2.94 

FEB - 1 12.20 11.94 2.87 11.94 2.87 

FEB - 2 11.00 10.77 2.58 10.77 2.58 

FEB - 3 10.30 10.08 1.94 10.08 2.42 

MAR - 1 10.40 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 

MAR - 2 10.00 9.79 2.35 9.79 2.35 

MAR - 3 10.70 10.47 2.77 10.47 2.51 

APR - 1 11.90 11.65 2.80 11.65 2.80 

APR - 2 10.40 10.18 2.44 10.18 2.44 

APR - 3 16.90 16.54 3.97 16.54 3.97 

MAY - 1 26.30 25.74 6.18 25.74 6.18 

MAY - 2 31.60 30.93 7.42 30.93 7.42 

MAY - 3 45.50 44.54 11.76 44.54 10.69 

TOTAL 1560.26 293.18 279.45 

(Mcum)

Bhaironghati - Ministry of Power

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