the stratigraphy and structural history of the mesozoic and cenozoic ...

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$A marine wide angle reflection/refraction profile adjacent Nova ...$

Emery et al. and the other by King and MacLean reported the presence of diapiric structures beneath the continental slope off the Scotian Shelf. McIver (1972), in a major contribution based on information from exploratory wells and processed seismic data, proposed a stratigraphic framework and described the succession underlying the Scotian Shelf. Sherwin (1973) later discussed the geology and hydrocarbon potential of the Scotian Shelf and Grand Banks. Subsequently, through analysis of commercial seismic and well data, the geological framework of the Scotian Shelf was refined by Hardy (1975), Jansa and Wade (1975), Wade and McLean (1990), and Wade et al. (1995). In 1990 Bell and Campbell reexamined the petroleum potential of offshore Eastern Canada, including the Scotian Shelf and slope. Sea floor bathymetry, sediment instability and other process that are currently shaping the Scotian Slope are the subjects of considerable past and current research by the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC), e.g. (Keen et al., 1991), (Keen and Kay, 1991), (Keen and Potter, 1995), (Pickrill, et. al, 2001), (Piper et. al, 1985, 1999), (Swift, 1987) and Dalhousie University e.g. (Hill and Bowen, 1983), (Berry and Piper, 1993), and (Gauley, 2001). The GSC, as part of the East Coast Basin Atlas Series (1991), compiled a collection of geological and geophysical studies relating to the Scotian Shelf. An excellent synopsis of the geology and hydrocarbon potential of the deep water Scotian Slope was produced by the Canadian-Nova Scotia Offshore Petroleum Board (Kidston et. al, 2002). Research on the source rock potential of the Scotian Slope is being conducted 6
y Mukhopadhyay and Wade (1990), Williamson and Smyth (1992), Mukhopadhyay (1995), and Mukhopadhyay et al., (2002) Commercial 2D reflection seismic collected by various contractors now covers over 30 000 km of the basin, extending from the Georges Banks to the South Whale Basin. Proprietary 3D seismic surveys have been acquired by petroleum exploration companies in localized areas of interest. The detailed analysis of newly acquired seismic and well data is mostly being undertaken within exploration groups of oil and gas companies. EnCana Corporation, formally PanCanadian Petroleum Ltd., has been especially active in exploration and promotion of the Scotian Slope (e.g. Hogg, 2000, 2003); (Hogg et. al., 2001); (Dolph et. al., 2001). 1.3 Purpose There have been few academic studies that concern the geological setting of the Scotian Slope area. Present accounts of the Scotian Slope are largely extrapolated from shelf descriptions and/or modeled after play types and depositional systems typically associated with deep water exploration in other Atlantic margin areas such as the Gulf of Mexico and West Africa. Exploration within the Scotian Basin has historically focused on the shelf region where play types include rollover anticlines and deep-seated geopressured structures within the clastic rich Mesozoic section (Hogg, 2000; Dolph et. al., 2001). In contrast, unproven play types within the slope will focus primarily on salt-related structures with clastic reservoirs of Cretaceous and Early Tertiary-aged subaqueous channel, channel 7
Page 1 and 2: THE STRATIGRAPHY AND STRUCTURAL HIS
Page 3 and 4: The integration of seismic stratigr
Page 5 and 6: leaving his door open and helping m
Page 7 and 8: 3.3.4 Tr2 Sequence Boundary 57 3.3.
Page 9 and 10: List of Figures (Short Titles) 1-1
Page 11 and 12: 3-22 Time structure map of the T1 S
Page 13 and 14: 5-17 End member geometries of alloc
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduc
Page 17 and 18: developed in the western part of th
Page 19: Areomagnetic surveys of the North A
Page 23 and 24: 9 Figure 1-2: Comparative stratigra
Page 25 and 26: Naskapi N-30 Figure 1-3: Map showin
Page 27 and 28: SE NW 0 6 12 Kilometers 13 Figure 1
Page 29 and 30: converted using velocity informatio
Page 31 and 32: to date the effects of salt tectoni
Page 33 and 34: A 19 A’ Figure 2-1: Bathymetry an
Page 35 and 36: Within the area of the Scotian Basi
Page 37 and 38: 23 Figure 2-3: Generalized lithostr
Page 39 and 40: the landward extensions of regularl
Page 41 and 42: marine shales of the Misaine Member
Page 43 and 44: and positive relief structures on t
Page 45 and 46: formation thickness consistently in
Page 47 and 48: 2.4 Structural Styles and Geometry
Page 49 and 50: and igneous rocks of the Meguma Ter
Page 51 and 52: approximately 6 to 7 kilometers bel
Page 53 and 54: 4.2.3 Halotectonics In addition to
Page 55 and 56: 41 Figure 2-10: Scotian Margin base
Page 57 and 58: NW SE 6126 m 43 Figure 3-1: Represe
Page 59 and 60: TGS Base Tertiary Unconformity 45 T
Page 61 and 62: 47 Figure 3-3: Lithoprobe seismic r
Page 63 and 64: (Member Good DS9 Good Good Excellen
Page 65 and 66: NW SE Onlap Downlap 0 6 12 Kilomete
Page 67 and 68: 3.3.1. Top Basement Marker Within t
Page 69 and 70: 3.3.2. Tr1 Sequence Boundary The Tr
Page 71 and 72:
3.3.3 Depositional Sequence 1 Depos
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Glooscap C-63 E Moheida P-15 D TWT
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NW SE D D’ Eurydice Figure 3-9: S
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Formation consists of a series of m
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These reflections may represent int
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Anomalous highs Sequence boundary i
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in shape, 1 to 12 kilometers in dia
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Intersection with salt structure Fa
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62, also intersected the Abenaki Fo
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marker in a landward direction (Fig
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south (slope-parallel) direction. T
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3.3.13 Depositional Sequence 5 Depo
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Thickness TWT (ms) D D’ Thick Int
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NW SE Quaternary Miocene - Oligocen
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Due to the consistently high amplit
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Correlation with the Shubenacadie H
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Page 105 and 106:
3.3.18. T2 Sequence Boundary The T2
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Reflections within DS8 are commonly
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3.3.20 T3 Sequence Boundary The T3
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
3.3.22 Water Bottom The uppermost r
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4.1 Introductory Remarks Chapter 4
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A (TWT ms) Basin-Bounding Fault Fam
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A A’ NW SE 105
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4.2.1 Slope Basin-Bounding Fault Fa
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Figure 4-3: Seismic Profile B-B’
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Wernicke (1981) or “second-order
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a) 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 b) D
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T3 T2 T1 T0 K1 J2 J1 Tr2 Tr1 NW SE
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thickening, resulting in distinct w
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Tertiary. In the northwest some maj
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SE NW Minor Faults 3076 m Major Fau
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NE SW 3075 m Pock-Marks ? Erosion E
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Chapter 5 Salt Tectonics 5.1 Mechan
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as a pressurized fluid with differe
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shales related to rapid progradatio
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131 Figure 5-3: Tectono-stratigraph
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Shelf N 0 15 30 Kilometers Moheida
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Shelf N 0 15 30 Kilometers Upper Sl
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A) NW SE B) Swells Normal basement-
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Salt Detachment Association includi
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formed shortly after autochthonous
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and Vendeville (1994) shows that th
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Allochthonous Stock “Finger” Di
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A’ SE A Folding of strata from T0
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Diapirs commonly intersect the K1 S
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D’ SE NW D 0 3 6 Strata folded fr
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Figure 5-14: Diapir rejuvenation du
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5.3.4 The Secondary Weld Associatio
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NW SE 0 3 6 Kilometers Inclined Sec
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An allochthonous salt structure is
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Salt Stocks A salt stock is charact
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F’ NE SW F 0 6 12 Kilometers Coal
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G (A) (B) G’ Figure 5-20: (A) Nor
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Figure 5-21: Schematic evolution of
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listric fault, causing the developm
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egardless of depositional setting a
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growth will continue until the sour
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Salt structures with onlapping syn-
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the base of post-kinematic stratigr
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SE NW 4093 m 179 Offset of paleo-de
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NE SW 6 km 181 Turtle Structure Pos
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NE SW 183 0 3 6 Turtle Structure Ki
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Figure 6-1: Seismic profile from th
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Figure 6-2: Tectono-stratigraphic c
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Ordovician metasedimentary rocks of
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191 Figure 6-3: Schematic block dia
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etween the location of salt swells
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On the slope, the Late to Middle Ju
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Listric growth faults typically tip
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this diapiric region. However, it w
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characteristically concordant with
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typical of passive margins modified
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Slope Basin: Kidston et al. (2002)
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~ Present day 100 C ~ Present day 1
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area can be divided into three slop
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Pre-Mesozoic structures are not con
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eservoir. The well locations were c
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7.2 Key Conclusions Geological Evol
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exclusively deform Late Triassic to
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• A reservoir of Cretaceous to Te
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References Alsop, G. I., Brown, J.P
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Gauley, B. J., 2001, Lithostratigra
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Keen, C. E., and Potter, D. P., 199
Page 241 and 242:
Scotian Rise, Geological Survey of
Page 243:
Welsink, H.J., Dwyer, J.D., and Kni
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