AnnuAl RepoRt 2008 - Horus

AnnuAl RepoRt 2008 

The European Regional Development Funds and the Walloon Region are investing in your future European Union

2 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 Contents 

Annual Report 2008 

Contents 

1. Word of the President 3 

2. Vision, Values & Strategy 4 

3. Highlights 5 

4. Governance 7 

Executive board 8 

Scientific board 9 

Organization chart 10 

5. Business Highlights with Walloon SMEs 11 

6. Activity Report 13 

a. Virtual Manufacturing 14 

b. Materials and Structures 18 

c. Fluid Mechanics 20 

d. Multi-disciplinary Optimization 23 

e. High Performance Computing 27 

7. Quality Management 29 

8. Memberships 30 

9. Fairs and Events 31 

10. R&D Projects 33 

11. Publications 34 

12. Financial Results 36 

13. Acronyms 39

1. Word of the President 

On behalf of the Board, I want to thank each and every member of Cenaero for 

their collective and personal accomplishments in 2008, under the leadership of 

Michel DELANAYE, General Manager, and of the Group leaders. 

First and foremost, Cenaero project called SINUS has been selected by the 

Walloon Regional Authorities for funding by EU ERDF funds in the frame of the 

“Convergence” program started on July 1st, 2008. This success paves the way 

ahead for Cenaero till 2013. 

Second, Cenaero has continued in 2008 to start new FP7 projects with major 

European aerospace organizations like SNECMA, AIRBUS, TECHSPACE AERO, 

SABCA and SAMTECH amongst others. 

Third, Cenaero is part of several SKYWIN R&D projects set-up in the frame of 

the Walloon policy for competitiveness clusters. 

Fourth, Cenaero has brought its techniques and technologies in numerical simulation 

to new sectors like transport and environment, where Cenaero now serves AGC, 

RENAULT, ALSTOM and smaller organisations like Greisch and Cardiatis. 

Word of the President 

Cenaero Annual Report 2008 

Finally, EU DG Regio jury selected Cenaero as one of the two Regiostars award 

recipients over 52 files and 17 finalists; celebration occurred on Feburary 16th, 

2008 in presence of Jury Chairman, Mr Job Cohen, Mayor of Amsterdam, Mrs 

Samuta HUBNER, European Commissioner for REGIOS and Mr Rudy DEMOTTE, 

Walloon Region Minister President. Of course, none of these achievements could 

have been done without Walloon Region and ERDF financial support even if 

self-funding has reached 41% in 2008. 

Cenaero remains committed to continue to serve economical development at 

home, in Wallonia and in Europe. 

3

4 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 2. Vision, Values & Strategy 

2. Vision, Values 

& Strategy 

Cenaero is an applied research center developing methodologies 

and software to model complex industrial problems in applied 

mechanics. Cenaero vision is to become the leading reference 

in advanced multi-disciplinary simulation for the Aeronautics 

in Europe. 

Our values are excellence, integrity, respect and client satisfaction. 

By excellence, we are constantly seeking to reach the highest quality 

in our research and activities for our industrial clients. Integrity, we 

commit to deliver proven algorithmics, verified and reproducible results. 

We are committed to protect our environment, to ensure a fully gender 

equitable workplace and respect each other in our daily work. 

Cenaero global mission is to support the Walloon Aeronautical 

companies in their innovation efforts by providing them with a focused 

expertise in numerical methods, to enhance collaborations between 

universities, industry and scientific software editors, create enhanced, 

complementary added-value and expertise compared to currently 

existing regional capabilities and become a center of European level, 

improving European and international position of the Walloon region 

and Belgium in the Aeronautical sector. 

Cenaero maintains close relationship with universities, this is 

vital to constanly remain at the cutting-edge of our research themes. 

We favour the development of our junior personnel through doctoral 

studies and stimulate our senior scientists to mentor doctoral students 

at our partnering universities.

3. Highlights 

I would like to start this review of Cenaero 2008 highlights by underlining 

the excellent work performed by all teams of Cenaero. 

The Virtual manufacturing consulting activities have really boomed 

this year. Indeed, all the efforts which have been invested in the 

development of the Morfeo software have really paid off. Morfeo is 

now an industrial tool used by industry partners and clients of Cenaero. 

Consulting activities of the VM group have also significantly grown 

especially in the area of global machining modelling and welding (laser, 

TIG, EBW, FSW and DFW). 

The Extended Finite Element method is a specialized finite element 

technique used by MMM researchers to efficiently simulate the 

inclusion of cracks or defects and their propagation in metallic parts. 

This method has been under development in the Morfeo software 

for the last five years. Our researchers have shown that modelling a 

crack in an industrial complex geometry can be performed at least 

5 times faster than with any other competing technique. The level of 

maturity of our tools allows to model crack propagation in real complex 

geometries as demonstrated in many consulting activities. The Morfeo 

software kit including the crack modelling and propagation feature is 

now distributed to customers. 

Activities of the CFD group have been mainly focused on turbomachinery 

advanced aerodynamics modelling using elsA. A striking achievement is 

the decision of Onera to sign a partnership with Cenaero for the common 

development of the elsA CFD solver. This represents a recognition of the 

high technical capabilities of CFD researchers. Developments of high 

3. Highlights 


order numerical methods in Argo have continued in close collaboration 

with UCL. The DGM implementation in Argo is without any doubt one 

of the most advanced in the world from an industrial point of view. A 

new PhD researcher under a First Doca project from the Walloon Region 

has joined the team of DGM developers. 

Minamo, our muldisciplinary Optimization software has demonstrated 

a great industrial maturity in the various projects performed in 

collaboration with SAFRAN subsidiaries. The Opti group is now an active 

member of the NATO RTB AVT-167 led by Rolls Royce aiming to bring 

training in the topic strategies for optimization and automated design 

of gas turbine engines for major aerospace turbomachinery leaders in 

the world. 

5

6 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 3. Highlights 

In 2008, Cenaero has engaged in diversifying sectors and customers. 

Airbus, Goodrich, Snecma space propulsion division, etc have become 

new customers in the Aeronautics segment. AGC, Renault, Alstom 

Transport have joined our expanding customer basis in the material, 

automotive and rail sectors. But Cenaero is also active with services 

to SME. Greisch and Cardiatis are among new SME customers in very 

diverse sectors such as building and biomedecine. We would like to 

emphasize the effort of the Walloon Region to set up efficient measures 

to enhance collaboration between research centers and SME by means of 

the set up the Innovation Check managed by the AST agency. Following 

our strategy of diversification of industry sectors, Cenaero joined in 2008 

the European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) as well as the European 

Turbine Network (ETN) resulting in the participation in a new European 

IP research project submitted to the Energy priority call and dedicated to 

a major strategic topic: the integrated gazeification of coal in combined 

cycle for the production of energy including CO 2 sequestration. 

In Research and Development, Cenaero continues to be very involved 

in many European framework program projects. Four new FP7 projects 

started in 2008: the IP DREAM and Maaximus with major collaborations 

with Snecma, Techspace Aero, Airbus and Samtech and the STREP 

Imacpro together with Sabca, TRIADE which represents a logical 

extension to Cenaero project ADVICE and Lapcat II as a continuation 

of Lapcat. Three new projects with a contribution of Cenaero, 

Elubsys, Ericka and Fast20XX have been selected in the second call of 

priority Transport of the FP7, they should start in the course of 2009. 

The Cenaero project SINUS funded by the EU ERDF funds and the 

Walloon Region in the through the “Convergence” program started 

1st of July 2008. SINUS is a major project enabling Cenaero to 

continue developing its know-how and software tools with the 

help of its academic partners, Sirris and Cetic. To close this section, 

we must emphasize the full involvement of Cenaero in the SKYWin 

competiveness Aeronautics pole, Cenaero will indeed take part in three 

new R&D projects easiPM, ICS and Multiphy. It is also worthwhile 

noticing the publication totaling 62 in 2008. 

Thanks to the Walloon Region and EU ERDF funding, Cenaero invested 

2MEuros in software acquisition and extension of the supercomputing 

facilities. After a public tender, Cenaero selected Serviware and IBM to 

install an additional 1800 64bit Intel cores connected with an Infiniband 

interconnect bringing the peak capacity of Cenaero cluster to 17TFlops. 

With this machine, Cenaero again integrates the Top 500 list with a 

447th rank and is listed 85th in the world Green 500. 

From a financial perspective, global R&D and consulting revenues have 

grown by 11% with a appreciable 15% increase of consulting activities 

(1.36 MEuros). Direct funding from the Walloon Region has decreased 

by 9%. Globally, self-funding has progressed to 41.4% with a 2009 

target of 50% in order to eventually reach the ratio fixed by the Walloon 

government. 

Dr Michel DELANAYE 

General Manager

4. Governance 

4. Governance 


Following its legal establishment, Cenaero is administered by an 

Executive Board with representatives of the members of the consortium. 

The Executive Board involves five companies representing the Walloon 

Aeronautics Association, six representatives of university members, 

two representatives of IGRETEC and one representative of VKI as 

observer. The members of the Executive Board are nominated by the 

General Council of the consortium members for a period of six years. 

The Executive Board elects its Chairman and two vice-chairmans. The 

Executive Board is currently chaired by M. Michel Milecan, vice-president 

business and strategy development at SONACA. The Excecutive Board 

sets up a Scientific Board for counceling on scientific matters. The 

Scientific Board is composed of academic and industry representatives 

with a majority of the latter. The Scientific Board is currently chaired by 

Prof. Grégoire Winckelmans of Catholic University of Louvain. 

7

8 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 4. Governance Executive board 

Executive board 

Michel MILECAN 

President 

EWA 

Mario CARBONARO Institut Von Karman 

Alain DANGOISSE Université catholique de Louvain 

Gérard DEGREZ Université Libre de Bruxelles 

Enrico FILIPPI IGRETEC 

Vincent GARNIER SNECMA 

Pierre GUILLAUME Techspace Aero (Groupe SAFRAN) 

Marc HUMBLET SABCA 

Olivier LEONARD Université de Liège 

Isabelle LEFEBVRE Université Libre de Bruxelles 

Jean-Louis MIGEOT Free Field Technologies 

Michel MORANT Université de Liège 

Claude NYSSEN SONACA 

Lucyan PAPIERNIK IGRETEC 

Michel TILMANT SAMTECH 

Grégoire WINCKELMANS Université catholique de Louvain

Grégoire WINCKELMANS 

President 

Scientific board 

Claudine BON SAMTECH 

Université catholique de Louvain 

Jean-Pierre COYETTE Free Field Technologies 

Herman DECONINCK Institut Von Karman 

Gérard DEGREZ Université Libre de Bruxelles 

Enrico FILIPPI Faculté Polytechnique de Mons 

André GREGOIRE SONACA 

Robert HINNENS SABCA 

Stéphane MALJEAN Techspace Aero (Groupe SAFRAN) 

Jean POLOME Thalès Alénia Space ETCA 

Jean-Philippe PONTHOT Université de Liège 

4. Governance 


Scientific board 

9

10 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 4. Governance Organization chart 

Organization chart 

Laurent 

D’ALVISE 

VM Group 

Leader 

Frédéric 

LANI 

MMM Group 

Leader 

Philippe 

GEUZAINE 

CFD-MP Group 

Leader 

Executive Board 

Michel DELANAYE 

General Manager 

Ingrid 

LEPOT 

MDO Group 

Leader 

Michel MILECAN 

President 

Serge 

BOGAERTS 

IT & QA 

Group Leader 

Anne 

NAWROCKI 

BPM 

Group Leader 

Roger 

COCLE 

Sales & Business 

Development 

Manager

5. Business Highlights 

with Walloon SMEs 

A fruitful collaboration with Euro Heat Pipes (EHP), a SME 

located in Nivelles. 

Since 2003, EHP is positioned on the Telecom market aside major 

companies such as Astrium or Thales. Markets targeted by the company 

were initially linked to institutional satellites for ESA by providing design 

and supply of thermal products called heat pipes. This very competitive 

world market imposes to the satellites manufacturers to constantly 

optimize thermal controls to minimize the passive mass of the platform. 

This is clearly relevant, emphasizing that placing one kilogram in 

geostationary orbit approximately costs 100.000€. 

The collaboration with Cenaero has been essential for EHP for optimizing 

its products to meet these very severe market conditions. It would have 

been difficult for EHP to support all the R&D effort, so the partnership 

with Cenaero, initiated by both parties, rapidly showed its interest 

and efficiency. 

A legacy code developed by EHP was transmitted to Cenaero and 

then deeply re-engineered by centre researcher Dr Cécile Goffaux. A 

large amount of work for understanding and modelling of physical 

phenomena was required. The first exploitable and reliable versions of 

the code, called Hea-P, were provided after approximately three years of 

iterations and exchanges, which demonstrates the quality and efficiency 

of this partnership. 

5. Business Highlights with Walloon SMEs 


Further optimization of Hea-P software, as well as its validation thanks 

to two experiments on board of space projects provided EHP with a 

critical asset to reach the Telecom market of the EUROSTAR satellites 

manufactured by Astrium. The first heat pipes were delivered at the 

beginning of year 2008 and EHP intend to cover 50% of the Astrium 

market by 2009, which is currently covered by US suppliers. 

11

12 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 

5. Business highlights with walloon SMEs 

Cenaero involves in architecture projects with Greisch, 

a well-known civil engineering office. 

The Greisch’s office, based at Liège, was founded in 1960 by the 

engineer and architect René Greisch and involves currently more 

than one hundred collaborators. One of the numerous renowned 

achievements of Greisch is the design and construction of the famous 

Millau Viaduct. 

In the framework of the extension of its engineering and design office, 

Greisch wanted to make an aero-thermal study of the air flow inside 

the new building due to the phenomena of convection, radiation and 

conduction. The new building is made of a glazed atrium composed 

of two floors with several offices. More specifically, Greisch wanted 

to estimate the temperature and the speed of the air flows in the new 

wing in two extreme situations (winter and summer), and also check the 

level of comfort for the occupants of the offices. The solar contributions 

on the glass roof, the opening of the doors located on the sides of the 

atrium as well as the various point sources of heat and/or cooling have 

been taken into account in the simulations. 

This first collaboration with Greisch was an opportunity to demonstrate 

the applicability of the tools developed for aeronautics applications to 

civil engineering and building sector problematic. This work clearly opens 

many potential other collaborations with Walloon and internationnal 

SMEs working in that field.

6. Activity Report 

R&T groups 

Cenaero involves four major R&T groups: 

Virtual manufacturing: the group focus is on multi-scale 

simulations of industrial processes like machining, welding or heat 

treatments. The industrial added-value is the prediction of process 

deformation and residual stresses. 

- Group name: Virtual Manufacturing (VM) 

- Group leader: Dr. Laurent D’Alvise 

Materials and structures: the group focus is on the design and 

integrity analysis of metallic, composite or hybrid materials and 

structures, as well as high performance and adaptive meshing, 

damage and fracture mechanics, constitutive modelling and 

technical-economical optimization. 

- Group name: Multi-scale modelling of Materials and Structures 

(MMM) 

- Group leader: Dr. Frédéric Lani 



Fluid mechanics: the group focus is on large scale industrial 

applications of CFD, handling of meshing and and computation 

of multi millions (hundreds) dof problem, modelling of complex 

physics (multiphase and turbulence), multi-physics (aero-acoustics, 

fluid-structure interaction, etc), turbomachinery aerodynamics. 

- Group name: CFD Multi-Physics (CFD-MP) 

- Group leader: Dr. Philippe Geuzaine 

Multi-disciplinary optimization: this group develops and uses 

advanced genetic algorithms accelerated with dedicated metamodels 

to solve complex multi-objective optimization problems in 

multi-disciplinary industrial environments. 

- Group name: Multi-Disciplinary Optimization (MDO) 

- Group leader: Dr. Ingrid Lepot 

High Performance Computing: this group supports the activities 

of the Research groups by managing the supercomputing and IT 

infrastructure of the center. 

- Group name: Information Technology and Quality Assurance 

(IT & QA) 

- Group leader: Ir. Serge Bogaerts 

13

14 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 6. Activity Report a. Virtual Manufacturing 

a. Virtual Manufacturing 

Major orientations 

The Virtual Manufacturing group of Cenaero provides high-level 

engineering services and technical expertise to industries in the field 

of manufacturing processes simulation. The activity is dedicated 

to improving the quality and performance of products through 

simulation and optimization of the industrial processes by which they 

are manufactured. 

In 2008, the key processes of the Virtual Manufacturing group have 

been: Friction Stir Welding, Friction Stir Spot Welding, Laser Beam 

Welding, TIG welding, Driven Friction Welding, machining, hot forming, 

heat treatments, chaining of processes, explosive forming and bird 

impact simulation. 

The aim of the numerical simulation is mainly to provide the distortions 

and stresses history all along the manufacturing chain which will be 

used for the in-service analysis. One essential expertise is then the 

simulation of the complete chaining between processes. This leads to 

the concept of virtual factory. 

In order to fit to this new trend, Cenaero decided in 2004 to develop 

from scratch a new generation manufacturing software, Morfeo 

(Manufacturing Oriented Finite Element tOol). The ambition is to make of 

Morfeo the reference in simulation of welding, machining processes and 

fracture mechanics for large size components and within a reasonable 

computation time. All efforts of the Virtual Manufacturing group at 

Cenaero are focused on these two categories of processes and particular 

attention is paid to the industrial functionalities of the software. 

Within the DEEPWELD project (FP6), Morfeo has been validated based 

on industrial instrumented applications to become the leading standalone 

solid-state welding software, capable of simulating industrially 

the whole Friction Stir Welding process. 

Within the VERDI project (FP6) and in collaboration with Techspace Aero 

(Safran Group), Morfeo has been validated on industrial instrumented 

applications to become the leading stand-alone multi-physics and 

multi-scale fusion welding software, capable of simulating industrially 

the whole Electron Beam Welding process. 

Within several consultancy services for Snecma (Safran Group), the 

capabilities of Morfeo in machining were used for the design of new 

aeroengines components, hence becoming the leading stand-alone 

machining software, capable of simulating industrially the effect of 

removing material on the distorsions. 

Within consultancy services and short-term projects for AIRBUS, 

ALSTOM Transport, MESSIER-DOWTY UK, RENAULT and SAPA, Morfeo 

and the expertise of the Virtual Manufacturing Group were used in the 

optimization of processes. 

Finally, Morfeo commercialization began with the sales of licences to 

KTH (SCANIA application) and SNECMA (Safran Group).

Industrial applications 


Relaxation of residual stresses during multi-pass machining 

simulation with Morfeo and process optimization 

One of the major difficulties of the machining process is to control 

the final shape which can deviate from the nominal one. Among the 

main sources of distortions, one can cite relaxation of residual stresses 

generated during an upstream process, cutting forces introduced 

during machining, efforts due to the fixation system and chattering. In 

many cases, and especially when dealing with heavy workpieces, initial 

residual stresses is the major source. 

Mesh initial workpiece Initial stress state Initial geometry 

and 2 cutting paths 

Different length scales might be considered to model these phenomena. 

Typically, a local one to the tool tip is needed to take into account 

cutting forces and chattering. On the other hand, the workpiece can be 

considered in a whole when dealing with initial stress relaxation. This 

contribution focuses on the latter and ends with a coupling between 

different effects. 



Initial residual stresses are generated during previous operations such as 

forging and/or heat treatments. However, during machining operations, 

these are relaxed and lead to undesired distortions which can be out 

of tolerance bounds. Numerical prediction of this effect is thus very 

important so that a better approach can be proposed (e.g.: cutting paths 

modification, changing the operations sequence...). 

Machined workpiece 

and stress state 

15

16 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 6. Activity Report a. Virtual Manufacturing 

Dealing with only the global scale enables to handle complex threedimensional 

industrial applications. When dealing with multi-pass 

machining applications, using classical finite element simulations will 

lead to some limitations. Typically, cutting paths are given by numerical 

commands of the machine so that they are always defined in an initial 

configuration. On the other hand, the workpiece is being distorted 

between each pass; that is why finishing passes are used in order to 

reduce the importance of previous distortions. Of course, such important 

effect must be taken into account in the model which prevents using a 

workpiece mesh that matches the cutting paths beforehand, given the 

fact that they would be deformed. A remeshing step is then needed after 

each pass in order to correctly take into account this new path. This is 

far from being flexible and defining the workpiece mesh completely 

independently of the cutting paths is one of the goals of this project. 

In order to circumvent these limitations, an innovative approach based 

on the level-set method has been developed within the Cenaero inhouse 

software Morfeo (Manufacturing ORiented Finite Element tOol) 

in order to define cutting paths independently of the workpiece mesh. 

Moreover, an automated process optimization loop has been tested 

in order to improve the final shape in terms of various geometrical 

parameters, such as the position of the final piece within the raw 

material or the cutting paths geometry. 

Computing temperature cycles in FSW using a combined 

thermo-fluid and thermo-mechanical finite element model 

in Morfeo 

The correct computation of temperature cycles is a necessary step towards 

the prediction of the microstructural evolution during welding, the 

resulting mechanical properties as well as the residual stress distribution 

in a Friction Stir Welded joint. Currently most numerical models rely on 

the measurements of the energy consumption or heat input to be used 

as input data into a thermo-mechanical Finite Element numerical model, 

which means that these models are not fully predictive. 

Cenaero combines a thermo-fluid and thermo-mechanical Finite Element 

models to overcome this problem. The three-dimensional thermo-fluid 

model is used to predict the heat generation and temperature field 

around a FSW tool. The plastic work calculated from the flow simulation 

is used as a heat source in the thermal calculation. This heat source 

is then transferred to the thermo-mechanical simulation. Experimental 

input data regarding the heat source is therefore no longer required in 

this modelling approach. 

Simulation results are presented in terms of resulting heat sources 

and temperature fields. They are compared to experimental data: 

thermocouple measurements in the welded joint, backing plate and 

tool. The experiments were performed on AA2024 T351 sheets. The 

model is validated for a range of operating parameters and two sheet 

thicknesses. The results of the thermo-fluid and thermo-mechanical 

models are very similar and in good agreement with measured 

temperatures. All calculations are performed using Morfeo.

The method of local/global coupling implemented in Morfeo is 

presented as follows: 

Global model 

(Morfeo thermo-mechanical computation) 


Local model 

(Morfeo thermo-fluid computation) 

Morfeo was implemented some specific capabilities for the prediction 

of the microstructure. Calculation and validation of the hardness 

profile after natural ageing is shown as follows: 



17

18 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 6. Activity Report b. Materials and Structures 

b. Materials and Structures 


In 2008, the MMM group further developed its key expertise in three 

main research areas in Applied Mechanics. 

In the frame of the FEDER project Sinus, the group carried on with 

the improvement of its implementation of the eXtended Finite Element 

Method (XFEM) for its application to damage tolerant analyses and 

3D crack propagation simulations in aerostructures, equipments 

and aeroengine components. Numerous consultancy studies were 

successfully completed for international customers with the help of the 

in-house XFE module Morfeo/Crack. Much work has also been done in 

order to bring the latter to the standards of robust industrial software. 

The first commercial release of Morfeo/Crack is expected by mid-2009. 

In the frame of regional and European projects such as APC, IMAC- 

Pro and Maaximus, significant efforts were invested in implementing, 

applying and combining leading edge methodologies in structural 

design, analysis and optimization of multi-material and composite 

structures. In particular, the group demonstrated its ability to treat 

complex multi-physics (static and dynamic stress analysis, random 

vibrations, shock, thermal-mechanical coupling, etc) industrial problems 

thanks to in-house automated CAD/CAE chains, piloted by Cenaero’s 

state-of-the-art optimizer Minamo. More particularly, excellent 

progress has been made in the optimization of draping sequences and 

in the minimization of manufacturing costs through efficient coupling 

of Catia CPD, Abaqus CAE, Simulayt, SEER-DFM and Minamo. Besides, 

in the FP6 project ADVICE which aims at detecting and characterizing 

damage in composites through the simulation of the propagation 

of Lamb waves and the use of pattern recognition algorithms, the 

developments of the MMM group are about to be integrated as part of 

an experimental validation set-up, which is an important milestone in 

the development of Cenaero’s Structural Health Monitoring activities. 

A workshop dedicated to the presentation of the outputs of ADVICE 

will be organized at the SMART’09 conference in Lisbon. Year 2009 will 

also see the start of a new, promising activity, namely the modelling of 

manufacturing processes for composite structures as part of the Easi- 

PM and Triade projects. Finally, 2008 has brought much satisfaction 

in the field of modelling of adhesively bonded structures, with both 

industrial activities for international customers and state-of-the-art 

research leading to a far better understanding of the local mechanical 

behaviour of bonded joints. 

Last but not least, the group continued the development of numerical 

methods aiming at improving the accuracy of FE simulations both in the 

linear and non-linear regime. This includes cutting-edge developments 

in the FETI method for multi-processors simulations which led to 

remarkable speed-ups on Cenaero’s HPC platform when addressing 

complex FE models of aerostructures (eg in the MUSCA and Maaximus 

projects). In addition to this, the MMM group further studied specific 

error indicators for fracture mechanics problems solved with the XFEM. 

Finally, in 2008, the MMM group also tackled the problem of mesh 

refinement methodologies for problems including geometrical as well as 

material non-linearity, treated in a commercial CAD/CAE framework.


The commercial XFE software package 

b. Materials and Structures 

In the frame of the FEDER project Sinus, the MMM group continues the 

developments initiated in the previous programme, aiming at simulating 

the propagation of 3D cracks using the XFEM. Cenaero’s methodology 

has been shown to be most cost-efficient (the number of manual 

operations and labour time has been decreased by a factor of more than 

5), most robust (due to its unique ability to treat properly the update of 

Automated propagation of a 3D crack in a hollow cylinder submitted to inner cyclic pressure. 

The crack propagates from the right to the left. It approaches the left hole without 

effectively touching it on the outer surface of the cylinder (see picture on the left), while it 

actually crosses the left hole boundary on the inner surface of the cylinder (see picture on 

the right). This demonstrates the peculiar ability of the method to treat major topological 

changes without manual intervention. 

level sets along with crack propagation) and most accurate (eg: thanks 

to dedicated mesh refinement, parallel computation and convergence 

studies both at the local and global scale). This methodology will soon 

be available in a commercial XFE software package called Morfeo/ 

Crack. The efficiency of the method has been demonstrated in the frame 

of advanced consultancy studies for renowned customers including 

Techspace-Aero, Sonaca, Snecma DMS, Snecma DMA and Goodrich AS. 


Virtual testing for composite structures 


The effort dedicated to research in the field of composite structures is 

continuously growing at Cenaero. One of the research topics of this 

area sets the focus on the development of systems able to detect and 

quantify damage in composite structures. Cenaero’s contribution is here 

essential thanks to the virtual testing capabilities of the MMM group. 

Simulation of propagating waves in thin composite structures leads to 

virtual signals that contain all the necessary information about their 

Occurrence of ply failure / delamination in composite structures 

is detected through signal change of guided waves and accurate pattern recognition 

algorithms based on neural networks (ADVICE project). 

possibly damaged or undamaged state. Robust and accurate numerical 

methods and methodologies, along with specific signal treatment and 

pattern recognition algorithms, help calibrating a software module that 

will be integrated in an experimental validation set-up. In this framework, 

it is interesting to point out the pioneering work of the partners of the 

ADVICE project regarding the development of self-powered damage 

detection and vibration damping systems. The end of the ADVICE project 

is planned in October 2009, with the demonstration of the developed 

technologies on a sample stiffened composite panel. 

19

20 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 6. Activity Report c. Fluid Mechanics 

c. Fluid Mechanics 


The CFD-Multiphysics Group has been involved in three major research 

projects during 2008. Related to the Cenaero/SAFRAN partnership, 

the first project is oriented towards the simulation of turbomachinery 

flows with the elsA software developed at Onera. Numerous advanced 

simulations have been performed including technological effects and 

secondary flows for low pressure compressors, real geometry effects 

for low pressure compressors and turbines as well as unsteady flows 

for low pressure compressors. In addition, work has been continued 

in the fields of computational chain design and validation. Finally, the 

signature of a partnership with Onera paves the way for developments 

within elsA in 2009 in order to further broaden the application range 

in turbomachinery flows. 

The second project is focused on the simulation of complex 

aerodynamics and aero-acoustics problems through the development of 

Argo, a in-house unstructured finite volume and finite element solver. 

The backbone of this project is the accurate simulation of turbulent 

flows for which a LES-type approach is followed. The solution of aeroacoustics 

problems relies on an acoustic analogy in which Argo is 

coupled to a commercial acoustic solver. While Argo has been further 

validated during 2008 through the computation of many industrial 

flow problems, developments have been pursued in the field of higher 

order discretizations based on the discontinuous Galerkin finite element 

method. These developments will be continued in order to apply them 

to the solution of RANS problems. An advanced temporal aero-acoustic 

coupling will also be a research topic in 2009. 

Finally, the third project aims at advanced multi-phase flow simulations 

involving one-dimensional modelling in a system simulation software 

as well as in Hea-P, a in-house thermo-hydraulic solver for the design 

of heat pipes. In addition to these topics, research will be conducted in 

2009 for the three-dimensional modelling within Argo of lubrification 

systems related to aero engines.


Seal leakage flow simulations for a highly loaded 

low pressure compressor 

c. Fluid Mechanics 

As turbofan engines have to meet ever more drastic economical and 

environmental requirements, new engine architectures need to be 

developed. An architecture with high potential in terms of reducing 

the perceived noise and fuel burn emissions is the counter-rotating 

turbofan engine. It is currently investigated in the frame of the FP6 VITAL 

project. Because of the higher loading of the low pressure compressor, 

it is mandatory to quantify the effectiveness of labyrinth seals and the 

impact of interaction of the hub leakage flow with the main stream. 

Based on a design by Techspace Aero and the von Karman Institute of 

a representative single stage highly loaded low pressure compressor, 

Cenaero has performed advanced simulations with the elsA software 

of the labyrinth seal leakage flow with its complete geometry being 

taken into account (see Fig. 1). This allowed to identify the amount of 

mass flow that recirculates and to assess the impact on the secondary 

flow structures and on the radial distributions. Figure 2 illustrates the 

streamlines in an azimuthal cut of the labyrinth. The experimental and 

numerical results, obtained respectively by the von Karman Institute and 

Cenaero, will be correlated in 2009. 


Fig. 2 


Fig. 1 

21

22 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 6. Activity Report c. Fluid Mechanics 

Fig. 1 

Nacelle flow simulations for a tilt-rotor configuration 

It is expected that tilt-rotor aircrafts (see Fig. 1) will play an important 

role in future regional transport due to their particular characteristics, 

combining the advantages of a helicopter vertical and hover capabilities 

with those of a fixed-wing aircraft cruise speed and range. Prototypes 

are currently developed within the FP6 NICETRIP project that aims to 

develop and validate new technologies for tilt-rotor aircrafts. Within 

this project and in collaboration with Eurocopter, Agusta and the 

University of Liège, Cenaero has performed advanced simulations with 

its in-house Argo solver of the flow around (see Fig. 2) and within (see 

Fig. 3) the nacelle at cruise conditions. The goal of these simulations is 

to quantify the flow distortions at the compressor inlet plane and to 

verify if the engine installation criteria and performance are fulfilled. 

These numerical results will be correlated with wind tunnel experiments 

performed at the University of Liège in 2009. 

Fig. 2 

Fig. 3

d. Multi-disciplinary Optimization 



Along the year 2008, the activities of the numerical methods and 

multi-disciplinary optimization group have grown and focused on 

the development and exploitation of Cenaero’s in-house optimization 

platform Minamo, implementing surrogate model accelerated single 

and multiple objective evolutionary strategies. Shape parameterization, 

direct native CAD access and automatic meshing tools were 

continuously developed and enriched in order to support Minamo in 

solving increasingly challenging multi-disciplinary problems, with a 

CAPRI based client-server automatic bi-directional CAD interface. The 

year 2008 has been a year of both numerous new developments and 

consolidation in terms of applications as it has seen the optimization 

platform applied to increasingly complex large-scale multi-disciplinary 

industrial problems, essentially in the field of turbomachinery design 

within the framework of the Cenaero/SAFRAN partnership. 

In terms of developments, let us mention a series of major enhanced 

capabilities in terms of sampling (auto-adaptive Centroidal Voronoï 

tessellations), surrogate modelling (auto-adaptation of Radial 

Basis Functions networks, Kriging variants, models combinations) 

and optimization algorithms (surrogate based hybrid evolutionary 

strategies/gradient-based techniques). Further essential development 

axes in order to tackle increasingly complex and computationally 



demanding optimization tasks will include a.o. enhancement of meta- 

modelling and multi-objective multi-fidelity capabilities to be assessed 

in the frame of robust design activities. 

Optimization being by nature tranverse to all engineering disciplines and 

beyond the recognized expertise of the group in the turbomachinery 

field to be further consolidated, a major aim for 2009 will also be 

application sector diversification. 

In 2008, the group has successfully integrated the FP7 LAPCAT II, 

FAST20XX and DREAM projects. This takes up to 7 the number of 

European research projects of the 6th and 7th Framework Programs 

in which the group took part along 2008, with challenging and varied 

contributions e.g. ranging from the aero-acoustic optimization of open 

rotor configurations in the frame of DREAM to the optimization of 

a generic joint shear test apparatus in the FP6 MUSCA project. 

Clearly aiming for activity sector diversification, challenging contributions 

to the FP7 H2-IGCC project, dedicated to the develop ment of reliable lowemission 

technologies for synthetic fuel gases combustion now accepted 

for negotiation with the EC and to the Win-TPS project (Walloon region), 

dedicated to the development of a hadron therapy planning software for 

cancer treatment have also been set up. 

23

24 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 6. Activity Report d. Multi-disciplinary Optimization 


The year 2008 has seen the application of Minamo to complex multidisciplinary 

industrial problems, whether in the frame of European 

projects or industrial programs. More specifically, numerous consulting 

projects have been successfully conducted, essentially in the field of 

turbomachinery design, including aerodynamic, mechanical and aeromechanical 

optimizations of both bladings and endwalls. An essential 

leap forward in terms of applications has also been achieved towards 

technological and real geometry effects handling integration in the 

design process. Two industrial examples illustrating the exploitation of 

Minamo’s capabilities are presented hereafter. The first one is related to 

the FP6 LAPCAT project (Long-Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and 

Technologies), which evaluated different high speed vehicles capable of 

achieving the ultimate goal to reduce antipodal flight times to less than 

2 to 4 hours. The second example illustrates Cenaero’s contribution to 

the FP6 NEWAC project (NEW Aero engine Core concepts), targeting the 

development of alternative engine configurations in order to achieve 

significant and durable reduction of pollution. 

Simulation-based stochastic sensitivity analysis of Mach 4 

mixed-compression intake for a variable-cycle Turbine-Based 

Combined Cycle (TBCC) engine: 

The studied intake, illustrated in Fig. 1, consists of two movable external 

compression ramps followed by an isolator section with bleed channel. 

The compressed air is then diffused through a rectangular-to-circular 

subsonic diffuser. While RANS simulation (see Fig. 2) of the nominal 

intake configuration provides more realistic performance characteristics 

of the intake than the cycle analysis program, the intake design 

should also take into account in-flight uncertainties for robust intake 

performance. Exploiting Minamo and its quantitative variance analysis 

(ANOVA) module, Cenaero focused on the effects of the geometric 

uncertainties on pressure recovery and mass capture fraction. Following 

the construction of a light-weight analytical model, more precisely a 

radial basis functions (RBF) network trained via adaptively sampled 

RANS simulation results, stochastic sensitivity analysis was performed 

by means of an ANOVA technique based on a Sobol decomposition. 

Such an approach offers a generalized multi-input-multi-output 

sensitivity analysis based on high-fidelity RANS simulations and the 

resulting Sobol’s influence indices (see Fig. 3) allow the engineer to 

identify dominant parameters as well as the degree of interaction 

among multiple parameters, then to be fed back into the design cycle. 

References: 

Preliminary Definition of a TBCC Propulsion System for a Mach 4.5 Supersonic 

Cruise Airliner 

M. Sippel, K. Okai, H. Kato, and A. Kumar, 18th International Symposium on Air Breathing 

Engines (ISABE), Septembre 2007, Beijing, China. 

Simulation-based Stochastic Sensitivity Analysis of a Mach 4.5 

Mixed-compression Intake 

H. Kato, K. Ito, 6th European Symposium on Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles, 

November 2008, Versailles, France.

Fig. 2 

Mach 4 mixed-compression 

intake Mach number 

contours 

Fig. 1 

Mach 4 mixed-compression 

intake design – parameters: 

movable ramps, cowl and isolator wall 

deflections 

Measurement 

plane 


RAMP2_D 

2nd order 

RAMP3_D 

Fig. 3 

1 st order ANOVA sensitivies: 

isolator floor and ceiling perturbation 

appear dominant for pressure recovery 


COWL1_D 


TotalPressure 

COWL2_D 

ISOLATOR_D 

25

26 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 6. Activity Report d. Multi-disciplinary Optimization 

High pressure compressor rotor blade and 3D endwall 

design accouting for real geometry effects 

In partnership with Snecma, Cenaero’s contribution focused on the 

improvement of the efficiency and extension of the stall margin of 

a high pressure compressor. To this end, Cenaero performed both 

multi-point blade shape and 3D endwalls optimizations based on 

3D RANS simulations trough direct and native access to the CATIA 

v5 parameterization. More precisely, through adequate 3D profiling, 

two different design families, illustrating the ability of evolutionary 

strategies to globally search the conception space to possibly offer 

a panel of solutions to the designer, were identified that allowed a 

0.4% gain in isentropic efficiency while preserving stability. Detailed 

investigation of the flow features showed that, for all the 3D promising 

designs identified, the non axisymmetric hub influenced more the 

shock mechanism close to the wall rather than the secondary flows 

(see Fig. 4). 

However, since modifications of the endwalls are quite local, their 

impact should be assessed in presence of real geometry effects such 

as fillets. CAD and mesh generation are key players in the development 

of a design methodology. Both complete fillet modelling (with bitangency 

condition) and truncated fillet constructions easier and 

cheaper to mesh have been developed (see Fig. 5), with focus on the 

mandatory issue of robustness, as heavily non axisymmetric platforms 

are to be considered. These developments allowed preliminary results to 

assess the impact of the fillet on the 3D contouring isentropic efficiency 

gains while, one step further, the truncated fillet modellings developed 

pave the way for conjoint blade and endwall(s) conception including the 

fillet in a cost efficient way. 

3D contoured case Axisymmetric reference 

Fig. 4 Relative Mach number in the blade-to-blade plane at 11% span, 

highlighting the reduced wake and the decrease of the Mach number 

downstream the shock, in the region of flow acceleration for the optimized hub 

Fig. 5 Truncated (left) and complete (bi-tangency) fillet modelling robust to 

heavy parametric 3D platform variations 

References: 

Design Optimization of a HP Compressor Blade and its Hub Endwall 

V. Iliopoulou, I. Lepot and P. Geuzaine, ASME Turbo Expo 2008, GT2008-50293, June 2008, 

Berlin, Germany. 

Multi-point non axisymmetric endwall optimization applied to a High Pressure 

Compressor Rotor Blade 

V. Iliopoulou, T.Mengistu, I. Lepot, 12th AIAA/ISSMO Multi-disciplinary Analysis 

and Optimization Conference, September 2008, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

e. High Performance Computing 


e. High Performance Computing 

In order to support the development of its activities in advanced numerical 

simulations, Cenaero invested in high performance computing facilities 

soon after its creation and the research center counts now several years 

of experience in operating such supercomputers. Providing access to 

appropriate computing resources and efficient operation of these is one 

of the most essential missions of the IT & QA Support group. 

The corresponding activities start with the follow up of the solutions 

available on the market, their selection and sizing in relation to the 

different research topics. Hosting of these supercomputers is then also 

a significant concern for the group as it requires the set up of a data 

center capable of managing these machines, large electrical power 

consumers and heat generators. Cenaero operates since some years 

an efficient data center providing both a reliable and environmentalfriendly 

infrastructure: thanks to redundant chilled-water-based air 

conditioning systems, cooling of the data center is secured while 

minimizing the energy consumption taking benefit as much as possible 

from low atmospheric temperature conditions. We also aim at studying 

how applications developed at Cenaero can take the best out of the 

selected computer architecture thanks e.g. to the selection and usage 

of appropriate development tools or to the implementation of coding 

techniques allowing to release application bottlenecks. Collaborative 

exploitation of computational resources is also the subject of activities 

in the group. Integration of environments or applications in a grid 



computing framework, allowing users to take full and transparent 

advantage of multiple resources or remote and distributed postprocessing 

of large data sets being generated on supercomputers are 

examples of such activities. 

As done already 2 years before, we launched this year a public 

procurement to perform a new upgrade of our distributed memory 

supercomputer named ernest. Besides a computing power upgrade, 

this tender targeted the supply of compute nodes suited for memory 

demanding computations – typically those coming from structural 

mechanics problems – as well as an additional storage solution 

required to be both tolerant to component failures and able to cope 

with computations involving input-output-intensive operations. The 

selected solution based on IBM hardware was provided by Serviware. 

The upgraded cluster counts more than 2000 processing units (cores) and 

ranked 447 in the Top500 list issued in June 2008. It provides a storage 

capacity of more than 20 TB, a third of it being supplied by the high 

performance and reliable GPFS system. 

As part of the new SINUS project, we also prepared the extension of the 

data center. In order to host the supercomputer to be procured in the 

framework of this new research project, an extension of the data center 

targeting a factor 3 hosting capacity increase is indeed planned for the 

coming year. 

27

28 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 6. Activity Report e. High Performance Computing 


Amongst Cenaero industrial partners, Techspace Aero has been relying 

upon the center expertise in numerical simulation for many years. 

Developping together methodologies for advanced simulation of flows 

in low pressure compressors, both Cenaero and Techspace Aero have 

jointly decided to perform such simulations on distributed memory 

supercomputers. 

Considering Cenaero expertise and knowledge in distributed computing 

environment, Techspace Aero requested from Cenaero access to 

computational resources suited for its needs. The corresponding 

equipment was procured and integrated to Cenaero computing 

environment while being securely dedicated to the corresponding 

business. As part of the project, a customized execution environment 

was set up. Techspace Aero design engineers can now seemlessly 

submit computations to Cenaero computational system. Their jobs and 

associated data are transparently transferred to Cenaero, adapted to the 

distributed environment and executed on the supercomputer. Resulting 

data are automatically and securely returned to the client site for use 

within their design environment. 

Focusing on operation continuity and building upon the reliability of 

its infrastructures, Cenaero is providing computing resources with a 

maximized availability suited to industrial requirements. Cenaero support 

team ensures in addition a great reactivity on Techspace Aero requests 

both in normal (operational) or incidental situations.

7. Quality 

Management 

7. Quality Management 


In line with the strive for excellence and seeking our customer 

satisfaction, the implementation and follow up of a quality management 

system (QMS) is strategic to our research center. The IT & QA Support 

group is in charge of the evaluation, implementation and follow up of 

this process. The objective is to set up a management system providing 

the researchers with organizational tools allowing them to focus on the 

creative part of their function while ensuring quality of our products, i.e. 

products answering our customers’ requirements. 

The commitment to permanently improve our customers satisfaction – in 

particular those of the aeronautical industry – is now being transposed 

in a quality management system complying with the EN 9100 standard 

of the aeronautical industry. The certification of our QMS is planned for 

the coming year. 

Meanwhile, the quality requirements of our clients are taken into 

account operationally within the projects execution, starting with 

the intellectual services supplied to the SAFRAN group. In the latter 

framework, the quality of Cenaero services is systematically evaluated 

at delivery time resulting in a mark in the range 0-10. This measure of 

Cenaero’s performance is the subject of periodic reviews with the client 

quality department: a mark of higher than 8.2 on average over 2008 is 

the evidence of a quality of service beyond expectations as compliant 

suppliers obtain marks not greater than 7.5. This valuable achievement 

encourages us to secure this level of performance reflecting our good 

practices and experience of our client requirements into our QMS. 

29

30 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 8. Memberships 

8. Memberships 

Very active within the regional and international research networks, 

but also within industrial and professional networks, Cenaero is active 

member of several professionnal associations. 

Accord Wallonie: Cenaero is a member of Accord 

Wallonie, the association of the research centers 

of the Walloon Region. 

http://www.accord-wallonie.be 

Agoria: Cenaero is also member of Agoria, the 

association gathering all the Belgian technology 

industries. 

http://www.agoria.be 

Through its participation to numerous research projects, Cenaero 

meets and collaborates with other research centers of the region. 

Cenaero is operating its High Performance Computing (HPC) facilities in 

collaboration with CETIC, the Walloon research centre for ICT. 

http://www.cetic.be 

Cenaero was an active member throughout the year 2008 

of the following networks: 

Aerospace competitiveness pole Skywin 

http://www.skywin.be 

Cluster Auto-mobilité 

http://clusters.wallonie.be/automobilite/en 

Cluster des Entreprises Wallonnes de 

l’Aéronautique - EWA 

http://www.ewa.be 

Cluster Tweed - Technologie Wallonne Energie- 

Environnement et Développement durable 

http://www.clustertweed.be 

Cluster Mitech - Micro-Technologies 

for Intelligent Manufacturing & Products 

http://clusters.wallonie.be/mitech 

Cenaero is also member of international industrial networks, like: 

Ter@tec , the French association 

promoting the intensive use and sharing 

knowledge of supercomputers in Europe. 

http://www.teratec.fr 

In 2008, Cenaero also became member of : 

ETN – European Turbine Network . 

ETN represents gas turbine technology 

community for power generation, 

mechanical drive and marine applications. 

http://www.eu-gasturbine.org 

EWEA - European Wind Energy Association. 

EWEA is the voice of the wind industry, 

actively promoting the use of wind 

power in Europe and worldwide. 

http://www.ewea.org

9. Fairs and Events 

During 2008, Cenaero participated to many fairs and events in order to 

promote its technologies and software. Here follows a non exhaustive list 

of meetings where Cenaero was present: 

Aero Engine Expo (Paris, FR) 

Aeromart (Toulouse, FR) 

Aerospace and Defense (Torino, IT) 

CréaWal (Louvain-la-Neuve, BE) 

EWEC 2008 (Bruxelles, BE) 

Farnborough Airshow (Farnborough, EN) 

ILA Berlin (Berlin, DE) 

Industrie Paris (Paris, FR) 

JEC Composites Show (Paris, FR) 

SIA Robust Design (Paris, FR) 

Space Days (Liège, BE) 

9. Fairs and Events 


Technology watch, scientific presentations and communications are 

an important activity for maintaining our technical excellence, our 

researchers attended numerous scientific meetings during 2008: 

14th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, May 5-7 2008, 

Vancouver, Canada 

ACOMEN, May 26-28 2008, Liège, Belgium 

International Workshop on Fundamental Issues Related to 

Aircraft Trailing Wakes May 27-29 2008, Marseille, France 

SFT 2008 Thermique Aéronautique et Spatiale, 

June 3-6 2008, Toulouse, France 

7th International ERCOFTAC Symposium on Engineering 

Turbulence Modelling and Measurements, June 4-6 2008, 

Limasol, Cyprus 

ASME Turbo Expo 2008, June 9-13 2008, Berlin, Germany 

6th International conference on nanochannels, 

microchannels and minichannels, June 23-25 2008, 

Darmstadt, Germany 

WCCM8 & ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5 2008, 

Venice, Italy 

The 4th International Gas Turbine Conference The Future 

of Gas Turbine Technology, October 15-16 2008, 

Brussels, Belgium 

31

32 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 9. Fairs and Events 

43ème Colloque d’aérodynamique appliquée de l’AAAF, 

March 10-12 2008, Poitiers, France 

9th MpCCI User’s Forum 2008, Feb 19-20 2008, Sankt 

Augustin, Germany 

3rd OpenFOAM Workshop, July 9-11 2008, Milan, Italy 

5th elsA User’s Workshop, June 26-27 2008, ONERA 

Châtillon, France 

ESAFORM 2008 Lyon, France 

Trends in Welding 2008, Pine Mountain, USA 

7th International FSW symposium 2008, Japan 

11th CIRP 2008, Washington, USA 

M4PL 21, The 21st Meeting on Mathematical Modelling 

of Materials Processing with Lasers, Jan 16-18 2008, Igls 

Innsbruck, Austria 

3rd FSW Modelling and Flow Visualisation Seminar, GKSS, 

Germany 

ESIS TC4 Fracture of Polymers, Composites and Adhesives 

Conference, September 2008, Les Diablerets, Suisse 

Digimat User’s Meeting 2008, Nov 25-26 2008, 

La Hulpe, Belgium 

Abaqus User’s Conference, 2008, Antwerp, Belgium 

Interquadrennial Conference of the International Congress 

on Fracture, August 2008, Bangalore, India 

SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing 

for Scientific Computing (PP08), March 12-14 2008, 

Atlanta, Georgia, USA 

4th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring 

July 2-4 2008, Krakow, Poland 

ICAS 2008 Conference (26th Congress of International 

Council of the Aeronautical Sciences), 

September 14-19 2008, Anchorage, Alaska 

59th International Astronautical Congress, 

September 29 - October 3 2008, Glasgow, Scotland 

12th AIAA/ISSMO Multi-disciplinary Analysis and 

Optimization Conference, September 10-12 2008, 

Victoria, British Columbia, Canada 

Robust Design Through Simulation Workshop, 

October 16 2008, Paris, France 

6th European Symposium on Aerothermodynamics for 

Space Vehicles, Nov 3-5 2008, Versailles, France

10. R&D Projects 

10. R&D Projects 


Acronym Title Type Coordinator 

SINUS Simulation Numérique Haute Performance FEDER07-13 Cenaero (BE) 

BIOFACT Plateforme Biomanufacturing FEDER07-13 SIRRIS (BE) 

TIC TIC FEDER07-13 CETIC (BE) 

APC Avion Plus Composite Plan Marshall SONACA (BE) 

EASI-PM Exploration of Advanced Sensors for Innovative Process Monitoring Plan Marshall COEXPAIR (BE) 

ICS Intelligent cooling system Plan Marshall Techspace Aero (BE) 

StirHETAL Soudage par friction malaxage de joints hétérogènes en alliage d'aluminium… Winnomat 2 UCL (BE) 

PROHIPP New Design and Manufacturing Processes for High Pressure Fluid Power Products FP6 Pedro Roquet SA (ES) 

VIF-CA Virtual Intelligent Forging FP6 CEMEF (FR) 

VITAL Environmentally Friendly Aero-engine FP6 SNECMA (FR) 

FAR-Wake Fundamental Research on Aircraft Wake Phenomena FP6 CNRS-IRPHE (FR) 

DEEPWELD Detailed Multi-Physics Modelling of Friction Stir Welding FP6 Cenaero (BE) 

LAPCAT Long-Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies FP6 ESA-ESTEC (NL) 

MUSCA Non linear static MUltiSCAle analysis of large aero-structures FP6 EADS CCR-F (FR) 

VERDI Virtual Engineering for Robust manufacturing with Design Integration FP6 VOLVO AERO (SE) 

NEWAC NEW Aero Engine Core concepts FP6 MTU (DE) 

ADIGMA Adaptive Higher-Order Variational Methods for Aerodynamic Applications in Industry FP6 DLR (DE) 

CESAR Cost-Effective Small AiRcraft FP6 VZLU (CZ) 

ADVICE Autonomous Damage Detection and Vibration Control Systems FP6 Cenaero (BE) 

DATAFORM Digitally Adjustable Tooling for manufacturing of Aircraft panels using multi-point FORMing methodology FP6 MEC (UK) 

TATMO Turbulence and Transition Modelling for Special Turbomachinery Applications FP6 MTU (DE) 

NICE-TRIP Novel Innovative Competitive Effective Tilt Rotor Integrated Project FP6 Vertical Aircraft (BE) 

DREAM valiDation of Radical Engine Architecture systeMs FP7 Rolce Royce (UK) 

IMAC-PRO Industrialization of Manufacturing Technologies for Composite Profiles for Aerospace Applications FP7 EADS (DE) 

LAPCAT II Long-Term Advanced Propulsion Concepts and Technologies II FP7 ESA-ESTEC (NL) 

TRIADE Development of technology building blocks For structural health monitoring sensing devices in aeronautics FP7 EADS (FR) 

MAAXIMUS More Affordable Aircraft structure through eXtended, Integrated, and Mature nUmerical Sizing FP7 Airbus (FR) 

33

34 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 11. Publications 

11. Publications 

M. Sahin, J. Hall, K. Mohseni, K. Hillewaert. Direct Numerical Simulation of Separated Low-Reynolds Number 

Flows around an Eppler 387 Airfoil. AIAA Paper AIAA-2008-422, 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and 

Exhibit, January 7-10 2008, Reno, Nevada, USA 

A. Francois, L. D’Alvise. Morfeo: a new generation Finite Element package for the simulation of industrial 

welding processes. Application to the aerospace sector. The 21st Meeting on Mathematical Modelling of 

Materials Processing with Lasers, January 16-18 2008, Igls/ Innsbruck, Austria 

F. Thirifay, J-F. Thomas, P. Geuzaine. Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of a cooled turbine blade. 9th MpCCI 

User Forum 2008, February 19-20 2008, Sankt Augustin, Germany 

E. Wyart, D. Coulon, M. Duflot, M. Martiny, F. Lani. Industrialization of the eXtended Finite Element Method 

(XFEM) using a domain decomposition method. SIAM Conference on Parallel Processing for Scientific 

Computing (PP08), March 12-14 2008, Atlanta, Georgia, USA 

E. Rivière-Lorphèvre, J. Barboza, E. Filippi, L. D’Alvise. Cutting Forces Evaluation in Milling using an Analytical 

/ Finite Element Mixed Approach. 11th CIRP 2008, March 28-30 2008, Washington, USA 

N. Poletz, A. Francois, K. Hillewaert. Multiphysics welding simulation model. 11th ESAFORM 2008 conference 

on material forming. April. 23-25 2008, Lyon, France 

O. Piérard, J. Barboza, L. D’Alvise, A. Perez-Duarte. Distortions prediction during multi-pass machining. 11th 

ESAFORM 2008 conference on material forming. April. 23-25 2008, Lyon, France 

T. De Vuyst, T. van Eekelen, L. D’Alvise. Residual stress calculation in FSW using a local-global model. 3rd FSW 

Modelling and Flow Visualisation Seminar at GKSS, April 28-29 2008, Geesthacht, Germany 

L. Georges, P. Geuzaine. Analysis of CFD and CA Solvers Requirements for Aeroacoustics Applications. 14th 

AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference, May 5-7 2008, Vancouver, Canada 

T. De Vuyst, V. Madhavan, B. Ducoeur, A. Simar, B. de Meester, L. D’Alvise. A thermo-fluid/thermo-mechanical 

modelling approach for computing temperature cycles and residual stresses in FSW, ISBN 13-978-1-903761- 

06-9. 7th International FSW Symposium, May 20-22 2008, Awaji Yumebutai, Japan 

K. Hillewaert, G. Compère, J.-F. Remacle, P. Geuzaine. A 3D DGFEM solver for the Navier-Stokes equations. 

ACOMEN, May 26-28 2008, Liège, Belgium 

F. Thirifay, J.-F. Thomas, P. Geuzaine. Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of a Cooled Turbine Blade. ACOMEN, 

May 26-28 2008, Liège, Belgium 

L. Fitschy, F. Thirifay, I. Lepot, P. Geuzaine. Aeroelastic-based Design of a Small Aircraft Wing. ACOMEN, May 

26-28 2008, Liège, Belgium 

D. Dumas, F. Lani, T. Monnier, M. Lallart. Coupling Implicit and Explicit Time Integration Methods for Non- 

Destructive Evaluation applications. ACOMEN, May 26-28 2008, Liège, Belgique 

T. Van Hoof, F. Lani. Identification of the constitutive behaviour of multiphase materials undergoing ductile 

fracture: an inverse analysis procedure with genetic algorithms. ACOMEN, May 26-28 2008, Liège, Belgique 

M. Duflot, E. Wyart, F. Lani. Industrial applications of the extended finite element method for crack propagation 

simulation in aeronautical structures. ACOMEN, May 26-28 2008, Liège, Belgique 

L. Georges, A. Allen, S. Melber-Wilkending, T. Louagie, C. Breitsamter, P. Geuzaine. Wake vortices generated 

by an aircraft fuselage: comparison between wind tunnel measurements on the TAK model with RANS and 

RANS-LES simulations. International Workshop on Fundamental Issues Related to Aircraft Wakes (FAR-Wake 

Workshop), May 27-29 2008, Marseille, France 

L. Georges, L. Bricteux, M. Duponcheel, P. Geuzaine, G. Winckelmans. LES of wake vortices in ground effect 

without and with wind, and also comparing different multiscale subgrid models. International. Workshop on 

Fundamental Issues Related to Aircraft Wakes (FAR-Wake Workshop), May 27-29 2008, Marseille, France 

De Vuyst, B. Ducoeur, B. de Meester, L. D’Alvise. A predictive thermo-fluid modelling approach for computing 

temperature cycles and metallurgical change in FSW. Trends in Welding 2008, June 1-6 2008, Pine Mountain, 

Georgia, USA 

C. Goffaux, S. Van Oost, L. Barremaecker. Etude expérimentale et numérique des propriétés thermohydrauliques 

d’un caloduc à rainures en conditions de microgravité. SFT 2008 Thermique Aéronautique et 

Spatiale, June 3-6 2008, Toulouse, France 

F. Thirifay, J-F. Thomas, P. Geuzaine. Couplage aérothermique externe/interne sur une aube de turbine. SFT 

2008 Thermique Aronautique et Spatiale, June 3-6 2008, Toulouse, France 

L. Georges, K. Hillewaert, R. Capart, J.-F. Thomas, T. Louagie, P. Geuzaine. RANS-LES simulations around 

Complex Geometries using Unstructured Compressible Flow Solver. 7th International ERCOFTAC Symposium 

on Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements, June 4-6 2008, Limasol, Cyprus 

V. Iliopoulou, I. Lepot, P. Geuzaine. Design Optimization of a HP Compressor Rotor Blade and its Hub Endwall. 

ASME Paper 2008-50293. ASME Turbo Expo 2008, June 9-13, 2008, Berlin, Germany 

C. Goffaux, S. Van Ost, L. Barremaecker. Numerical, experimental and robust design investigations of a grooved 

heat pipe in microgravity-like conditions. 6th International conference on nanochannels, microchannels and 

minichannels, June 23-25 2008, Darmstadt, Germany 

S. Rossomme, C. Goffaux, K. Hillewaert, P. Colinet. A flexible multi-scale two-dimensional model for calculating 

the radial heat tranfer in grooved heat pipes. 6th International conference on nanochannels, microchannels 

and minichannels, June 23-25 2008, Darmstadt, Germany 

A. de Bruin, L. Nybelen, T. Schönfeld, G. Winckelmans, A. Giovannini, L. Georges, S. Melber-Wilkending. CFD 

simulations of wake flows in the FAR-Wake project. WCCM8 & ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5 2008, 

Venice, Italy 

L. Georges, K. Hillewaert, R. Capart, P. Geuzaine. Large-Scale DES around Complex Geometries using an 

Unstructured Compressible Flow Solver. WCCM8 & ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5 2008, Venice, Italy 

G. Compère, J-F. Remacle, K. Hillewaert. Transient mesh adaptivity applied to domains undergoing large 

deformations. WCCM8 & ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5 2008, Venice, Italy 

K. Hillewaert, G. Compère, J.-F. Remacle, P. Geuzaine. A 3D DGFEM solver for the (Reynolds-Averaged) Navier- 

Stokes equations. WCCM8 & ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5 2008, Venice, Italy 

O. Piérard, J. Barboza, M. Duflot, L. D’Alvise. Relaxation of residual stresses during multi-pass machining: 

simulation with the level-set method and process optimizations. WCCM8 & ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 

5 2008, Venice, Italy 

X. Mencaglia, C. Friebel, H. Kato, YH. Grunevald, N. Lidon, F. Lani. Multi-disciplinary analysis and optimization 

of large composite structures in the early design phase: issues and challenges. 8th World Congress on 

Computational Mechanics WCCM8, 5th ECCOMAS 2008, June 30-July 5, 2008, Venice, Italy 

E. Wyart, E., Duflot, M., Sagnier, S., Martiny, P., Lani, F., Definition of a best modelling practice for the 

propagation of 3D cracks with level sets and the XFEM. Application to multi-site propagation in an aeroengine 

component. 8th World Congress on Computational Mechanics WCCM8, 5th ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 

5, 2008, Venice, Italy

H. Cherouali, D. Soria, A. Suffis, E. Wyart, M. Duflot, F. Lani. Computation of Stress Intensity Factors for 

3D CRacks in a Turbine Rear Fan Blade: Comparison of FEM and XFEM Solutions. 8th World Congress on 

Computational Mechanics WCCM8, 5th ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5, 2008, Venice, Italy 

J.J. Ródenas, M. Duflot, S. Bordas, E. Giner, O.A. Gonzalez-Estrada, F.J Fuenmayor. Comparison of recently 

developed recovery-type discretization error estimators for the extended finite element method. 8th World 

Congress on Computational Mechanics WCCM8, 5th ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5, 2008, Venice, Italy 

S. Bordas, S. Natarajan, M. Duflot, N. Xuan Hung, T. Rabczuk. Smoothed extended finite element method. 

8th World Congress on Computational Mechanics WCCM8, 5th ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5, 2008, 

Venice, Italy 

M. Duflot, S. Bordas. XFEM and mesh adaptation: A marriage of convenience, 8th World Congress on 

Computational Mechanics. 8th World Congress on Computational Mechanics WCCM8, 5th ECCOMAS 2008, 

June 30 - July 5, 2008, Venice, Italy 

O. Piérard, J. Barboza, M. Duflot, L. D’Alvise. Relaxation of residual stresses during multi-pass machining: 

simulation with the level-set method and process optimizations, 8th World Congress on Computational 

Mechanics WCCM8, 5th ECCOMAS 2008, June 30 - July 5, 2008, Venice, Italy 

G. Bricteux, J.-F Remacle, A. Ouaar, M. Duflot. Discontinuous fields integration in a structured mesh using 

the level set method. 8th World Congress on Computational Mechanics WCCM8, 5th ECCOMAS 2008, June 

30 - July 5, 2008, Venice, Italy 

D. Dumas, F. Lani, T. Monnier, M. Lallart. Simulation of Lamb Wave Propagation to Predict Damage Detection 

in Thin Walled Composite Structures. 4th European Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring 2008, July 

2-4 2008, Krakow, Poland 

A. Suffis, H. Cherouali, D. Soria, E. Wyart, M. Duflot, F. Lani. Comparison of FEM and XFEM Stress Intensity 

Factors Solutions. Interquadrennial Conference of the International Congress on Fracture, August 3-7 2008, 

Bangalore, India 

P. Martiny, F. Lani, AJ Kinloch, T. Pardoen. Micro-Mechanical Modelling of the Fracture of Adhesively-Bonded 

Joints under Steady-State Peeling Conditions. ESIS TC4 Fracture of Polymers, Composites and Adhesives 

Conference, September 7-11 2008, Les Diablerets, Suisse 

V. Iliopoulou, T. Mengistu, I. Lepot. Non Axisymmetric Endwall Optimization Applied to a High Pressure 

Compressor Rotor Blade. AIAA-2008-5881. 12th AIAA/ISSMO Multi-disciplinary Analysis and Optimization 

Conference, September 10-12 2008, Victoria, Canada 

V. Iliopoulou, P. Geuzaine, I. Lepot. Non Axisymmetric Hub Design Optimization for a High Pressure Compressor 

Blade. ICAS 2008 Conference (26th Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences), September 

14-19 2008, Anchorage, Alaska, USA 

K. Ito. Parametric Study and Mitigation of Porpoising in Waterborn Aircrafts. ICAS 2008 Conference (26th 

Congress of International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences), September 14-19 2008, Anchorage, Alaska, 

USA 

R. Varvill, G. Paniagua, H. Kato, M. Thatcher. Design and Testing of the Contra-Rotating Turbine for the 

SCIMITAR Precooled Engine. 59th International Astronautical Congress, September 29 - October 3 2008, 

Glasgow, Scotland 

K. Hillewaert, J.-F. Remacle, N. Chevaugeon, P. Geuzaine. Discontinuous Galerkin methods. Implementation 

issues. 35TH CFD VKI/ADIGMA Course on High Order Discretization Methods. October 13-17, 2008, Rhode- 

Saint-Genèse, Belgium 

11. Publications 


I. Lepot. Multi-disciplinary Optimization Including Direct CAD-access – Turbomachinery Design Applications. 

Robust Design Through Simulation Workshop, October 16th 2008, Paris, France 

H. Kato, M. Sippel. Stochastic Sensitivity Analysis of a Mach 4.5 Mixed-Compression Intake. 6th European 

Symposium on Aerothermodynamics for Space Vehicles, November 3-5 2008, Versailles, France 

D. Dumas, F. Lani, T. Monnier, M. Lallart. Using Simulations for Damage Detection in Structural Health 

Monitoring, Abaqus User’s Conference, November 13-14 2008, Antwerp, Belgique 

X. Mencaglia, F. Lani, R. Lebrun, P. Wessel, L. Adam, O. Verhoyen, JP. Delsemme. Analysis and optimization of 

an aero-engine component made by injection of thermoplastic resin containing short carbon fibers. Digimat 

User’s Meeting 2008, Nov 25-26 2008, La Hulpe, Belgique 

L. Georges, T. Louagie, P. Geuzaine, L. Bricteux, M. Duponcheel, G. Winckelmans. Investigations de la physique 

de sillages d’avion civil : RANS-LES d’un fuselage d’avion et LES de tourbillons en effet de sol. 43ème Colloque 

d’aérodynamique appliquée de l’AAAF, March 10-12 2008, Poitiers, France 

N. Poletz, A. François, K. Hillewaert. Multiphysics welding simulation model. International Journal of Material 

Forming, Volume 1, 0, 1047-1050, 2008 

G. Paniagua, S. Szokol, H. Kato, G. Manzini, R. Varvill. Design of a Contra-Rotating Turbine for a Hypersonic 

Aircraft. Accepted for publication in Journal of Propulsion and Power, American Institute of Aeronautics 

and Astronautics 

T. Van Hoof, F. Lani. Micro-macro modelling of spheroidal cast-iron: parameters identification by inverse 

analysis. International Journal of Material Forming, doi:10.1007/s12289-008-0048-6, 2008 

P. Martiny, F. Lani, A.J Kinloch, T. Pardoen. Numerical analysis of the energy contributions in peel-tests: a 

steady-state multilevel finite element approach. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Volume 

28, Issues 4-5, June 2008, Pages 222-236 

E. Wyart, D. Coulon, T. Pardoen, J.-F Remacle, F. Lani. Application of the S-FE/XFE method to integrity analysis 

of 3D and thin walled aircraft structures. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Volume 76, Issue 1, January 2009, 

Pages 44-58 

M. Duflot, S. Bordas (2008). A posteriori error estimation for extended finite elements by an extended global 

recovery. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 76: 1123 -- 1138. 

O. Piérard, J. Barboza, M. Duflot, L. D’Alvise, A. Perez-Duarte (2008). Distorsions prediction during multi-pass 

machining simulations by using the level-set method. International Journal of Material Forming (in press, 

available online). DOI: 10.1007/s12289-008-0318-3 

N. Vinh Phu, T. Rabczuk, S. Bordas, M. Duflot (2008). Meshless methods: a review and computer implementation 

aspects. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (in press, available online). DOI: MATCOM-2939 

M. Duflot (2008). The extended finite element method in thermoelastic fracture mechanics. International 

Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 74: 827--847. 

S. Bordas, M. Duflot and P. Le (2008). A simple error estimator for extended finite elements. Communications 

in Numerical Methods in Engineering 24: 961--971. 

E. Wyart, M. Duflot, D. Coulon, P. Martiny, T. Pardoen, J.-F Remacle, F. Lani (2008). Substructuring FE-XFE 

approaches applied to three-dimensional crack propagation. 

Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 215: 626--638. 

35

36 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 12. Financial Results 

Income statement 

12. Financial Results 

31/12/08 31/12/07 

Revenues 5.726.576 4.488.439 

A - Turnover 1.440.973 1.179.210 

C - Subsidies 4.224.858 3.257.302 

D - Other operating income 60.745 51.927 

Operating expenses 5.561.196 4.088.127 

A - Raw materials, consumables and goods for resale 26.870 0 

B - Services and other goods 1.312.369 849.825 

C - Remuneration, social security and pension 3.409.701 2 837.893 

D - Depreciation 827.679 364.149 

E - Value reduction on stocks and receivables -25.035 25.035 

G - Other operating expenses 9.612 11.225 

Operating profit 165.380 400.312 

Financial income 30.994 57.728 

Exceptional expenses 29.844 4.918 

Profit before taxes and extraordinary items 166.530 453.122 

Exceptional revenues 0 84 

Exceptional expenses 40.015 16.986 

Result before taxes 126.514 436.220 

Taxes 

Profit for the period 126 514 436 220

Asset 

12. Financial Results 


31/12/08 31/12/07 

Fixed Assets 1.540.934 529.265 

Intangible fixed assets 372.178 63.526 

Tangible fixed assets 1.168.333 465.317 

A - Land and buildings 0 0 

B - Plant, machinery and equipment 961.302 213.203 

C - Furniture and vehicles 17.504 18.873 

D - Leases and similar rights 34.872 69.743 

E - Other tangible fixed assets 154.655 163.497 

F - Assets under construction and advance payments 0 0 

Financial assets 423 423 

Current Assets 6.077.899 7.695.952 

Amounts receivable after one year 0 0 

Amounts receivable within one year 5.289.421 5.405.567 

A - Trade debtors 908.431 762.065 

B - Other receivables 4.380.990 4.643.501 

Short term deposit 0 1.000.000 

Cash and cash equivalents 658.113 1.196.688 

Accruals 130.365 93.698 

Total 7,618,833 8,225,218 

37

38 Cenaero Annual Report 2008 12. Financial Results 

Liabilities 

31/12/08 31/12/07 

Equities 2.752.896 1.556.376 

Capital 422.128 422.128 

Primes d'émission 

Reserves 

Accumulated Profit/Loss 704.868 268.648 

Profit/Loss for the period 126.514 454.878 

Investment grants 1.499.386 410.722 

Provisions and differed taxes 40.000 

A - provision for risks and charges 40.000 

Debts 4.825.937 6.668.842 

Amounts payable after one year 4.004.087 5.956.351 

Amounts payable within one year 795.355 706.867 

A - Current portion of long term debts 35.849 33.846 

B - Financial expenses 0 0 

1 - Credit institutions 0 0 

2 - Other loan 0 0 

C - Trade debts 150.455 217.013 

1 - Suppliers 

2 - Notes payable 

D - Advances received on contracts in progress 

150.455 217.013 

E - Taxes, remuneration and social security 609.051 456.007 

1 - Taxes 6 30.908 

2 - Remuneration and social security 609.045 425.099 

F - Other debts 0 0 

Accruals 26.494 5.624 

Total 7.618.833 8.225.218

APC Avion Plus Composite (More Composite Aircraft) 

ASBL Association sans but lucratif (non-profit organization) 

AST Agence de Stimulation Technologique 

BPM Business & Project Management 

CAD Computer Aided Design 

CAE Computer Aided Engineering 

CEMEF Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux 

CEO Chief Executive Officer 

CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics 

CNES Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (France) 

CNRS Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (France) 

DES Detached Eddy Simulation 

DFW Driven Friction Welding 

DGFEM Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method 

DGM Discontinuous Galerkin Method 

EBW Electron Beam Welding 

EC European Commission 

ERDF European Regional Development Funds 

ESA European Space Agency 

ESF European Social Funds 

EPL Ecole Polytechnique de Louvain (Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium) 

EU European Union 

13. Acronyms 

EWA Entreprises Wallonnes de l’Aeronautique 

(Walloon Aeronautics Companies) 

FEM Finite Element Method 

13. Acronyms 


FETI Finite Element Tearing and Interconnecting 

FP7 7th Framework Program (of European Community) 

FSW Friction Stir Welding 

HP High Pressure 

HPC High Performance Computing 

IGRETEC Intercommunale pour la gestion 

et la réalisation d’études techniques et économiques 

ICT Information & Communication Technology 

IP Integrated Projects 

IT Information Technologies 

LES Large Eddy Simulation 

MMM Multi-scale Material modelling 

Morfeo Manufacturing Oriented Finite Element tOol 

QA Quality Assurance 

QMS Quality Management System 

RANS Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes 

R&D Research and Development 

R&T Research and Technology 

SME Small and medium enterprises 

STREP Specific Targeted Research Projects 

TBCC Turbine-Based Combined Cycle 

TIG Tungsten Inert Gas 

UCL Université Catholique de Louvain 

VKI The von Karman Institute 

XFEM eXtended Finite Element Method 

39

How to contact us 

Tel.: +32 (0)71 91 93 30 

Fax: +32 (0)71 91 93 31 

e-mail: info@cenaero.be 

www.cenaero.be 

Cenaero Headquarters 

Bâtiment Eole 

Rue des Frères Wright 29 

B-6041 Gosselies 

Belgium

AnnuAl RepoRt 2008 - Horus

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?