revision of vicia l. - Middle East Technical University

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Table 15. The species of the study area and their IUCN threat categories and criteria. (*) indicates that the taxa endemic, ( Ir-Tur. ) Irano-Turanian element, ( Euro-Sib. ) Euro-Siberian element, ( E-Medit. ) East Mediterranean, ( Unk. or Multi. ) Unknown or Multiregional. 1. According to Turkish Red Data Book 2. Recommended Threat Categories for Regional Level; 3. IUCN Red List Criteria (2001). ........................................................................ 92 Table 16. The principle threats and comment on the taxa. (*) indicates the endemic species. 1. Urbanization; 2. Constructions (Roads); 3. Overgrazing; 4. Land clearing and fire. ................................................................................................................................... 93 Table 17. Morphologic characters used for the numerical taxonomic analysis. .............. 97 Table 18. The subgenus and sections of collected specimens ......................................... 99 xiv
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Papilionaceous flower (Armstrong, 2002) .......................................................... 4 Figure 2. Caesalpinioiceous flower (Cercis canadensis) (Watson & Dallwitz, 1992) ...... 5 Figure 3. Mimosoideae flower (Watson & Dallwitz, 1992) .............................................. 5 Figure 4. Natural distribution of Vicia in the world (broken lines on land indicate unsufficiently known limits) as marker of the phylogenetic differentiation number of sections of the genus (Hanelt & Mettin, 1989). ................................................................. 8 Figure 5. Morphology map of Central Anatolia (Kutupedia, 20 June 2012) ................... 18 Figure 6. Phytogeographical Regions of Turkey (Davis, 1970). ..................................... 19 Figure 7. Annual Average Temperature of Turkey. (Atalay, 2000) ................................ 20 Figure 8. Annual Precipitation Distribution of Turkey (Atalay 2000). ........................... 21 Figure 9. Calyx mouth shape types of the genus Vicia. a. Oblique mouth shape (V. tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia) b. straight mouth shape (V. sativa subsp. nigra). ................ 33 Figure 10. The transverse section of the root V. anatolica. pe: Periderm, c: Cortex, s: Scleranchyma, p: Phloem, x: Xylem, pr: Pith ray. ........................................................... 39 Figure 11. The transverse section of the root V. cappadocica. pe: Periderm, c: Cortex, s: Scleranchyma, p: Phloem, x: Xylem, pr: Pith ray. ........................................................... 39 Figure 12. The transverse section of the root V. tenuifolia subsp. dalmatica, pe: Periderm, c: Cortex, s: Scleranchyma, p: Phloem, x: Xylem, pr: Pith ray. ...................... 40 Figure 13. The transverse section of the root V. tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia. pe: Periderm, c: Cortex, s: Scleranchyma, p: Phloem, x: Xylem, pr: Pith ray. ...................... 40 xv
Page 1 and 2: REVISION OF VICIA L. (LEGUMINOSAE)
Page 3 and 4: I hereby declare that all informati
Page 5 and 6: Some morphological characters were
Page 7 and 8: Bazı morfolojik karakterlerin, hab
Page 9 and 10: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 3 .........................
Page 13: LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Characters
Page 17 and 18: Figure 25. The transverse section o
Page 21 and 22: Figure 72. Equatorial and polar vie
Page 23 and 24: Figure 102. General appearance of V
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Introdu
Page 27 and 28: 1.2. Systematics of the Family Legu
Page 29 and 30: Banner petal Flower in partial sect
Page 31 and 32: By rotating legume crops with other
Page 33 and 34: Alefeld (1859, 1860, 1861a, b & c)
Page 35 and 36: Table 1. Characters distinguishing
Page 37 and 38: Table 2. Cultivated Vicia species (
Page 39 and 40: Vicia species are the sources of fo
Page 41 and 42: V. sativa has been used for feeding
Page 43 and 44: Oligocene formations of saline and
Page 45 and 46: As mentioned here before, Central A
Page 47 and 48: 2.1. Materials Used CHAPTER 2 MATER
Page 49 and 50: All sections were stained with safr
Page 51 and 52: 2.6. Conservation Statuses, Endemis
Page 53 and 54: 3.1.2. Stem Morphology The stems ar
Page 55 and 56: 3.1.4. Inflorescence Morphology The
Page 57 and 58: a b Figure 9. Calyx mouth shape typ
Page 59 and 60: 3.1.8. Gynoecium Gynoecium is the i
Page 61 and 62: 3.1.10. Seeds Seeds of Vicia can be
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Figure 14. The transverse section o
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Figure 51. Leaf transverse section
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63 Table 11. Measured anatomical ch
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3.3. Trichome Micromorphology of th
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a b c d e f g h i j Figure 56. Leaf
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a b c d e f g h i j k Figure 58. Ca
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Subtype 1c: More or less isodiametr
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The pollen grains are 3-zonocolpora
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Figure 62. Equatorial and polar vie
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Figure 68. Equatorial and polar vie
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79 Table 13.Summary of pollen morph
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3.6. Ecology, Endemism, Phytogeogra
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Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
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Figure 78. Distribution of endemic
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Figure 79. The distribution of the
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3.6.4. Threat Categories Main threa
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clearing (12%) are the threats with
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Table 15. continued Table 16. The p
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3.7. Infrageneric Grouping In 17 th
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Table 17. Morphologic characters us
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Table 17. (continued) 22. Standard
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Table 18. The subgenus and sections
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1. Inflorescence usually equalling
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11. Standard hairy on the upper sur
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3.8.3. Species descriptions Sect. H
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Figure 85. General appearences of V
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3. V. pannonica Crantz, Stirp. Aust
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Described from S. France (Hb. Linn.
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Phytogeography: Unknown or Multireg
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World distribution: Mediterranean,
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Habitat and Phenology: Flowering ti
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section or laterally flattened; sut
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Habitat and phenology: V. sativa su
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Habitat and Phenology: V. grandiflo
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11. V. truncatula Fischer ex Bieb.,
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A B C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 42º ■
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Type: Palestine, Upper Galilee, Mt.
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Sect. Lentopsis Description: Plants
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Figure 99. General appearance of V.
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16. V. tenuifolia L., Sp. PL 735 (1
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Distribution in Turkey: Widespread;
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Distribution in Central Anatolia: A
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with limb rather shorter than claw.
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subsp. argaea P. H. Davis, Fl. Turk
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A B C 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 42º ■
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21. V. articulata Hornem., Hort. Ha
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than the tube. Corolla purple or pi
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constructions and land clearing. Bu
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cracca, V. cassubica, V. ervilia an
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REFERENCES Akman Y. & Ketenoğlu O.
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Enneking, D. (1994). The toxicity o
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Lavin M., Herendeen P.S., and Wojci
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Sensoy S., (2004). Balwois 2004 The
Page 189:
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