Proceedings - Balai Penelitian Tanah

More documents

Recommendations

Info

IMPLICATIONS 71 Agus F Land suitability, environmental and economic aspects should be taken into account when planning the development of peat forest into agriculture. The environmental aspect is perhaps the weakest consideration and tends to be overlooked when the economic incentives are high. In theory, peat land deeper than 2 m is unsuitable for plantation crops, but when there is mineral layer enrichment (that may be brought by floods) the 2-4 m depth is only marginally suitable (Djainudin et al., 2003). The deep peat is environmentally very important for water conservation. Its capacity to retain 90% of water from its total volume is vital for buffering the surrounding areas against floods and droughts. Floods and droughts also threaten the sustainability of agriculture in the converted areas. Moreover, the Presidential Decree (KEPPRES) No. 32/1990, stipulates that peat deeper than 3 meters must be conserved for environmental protection. Finally, the growing global issues (which is at the same time very relevant locally) of peat CO2 emissions as peat forest is converted should leave very weak justifications for peat forest conversion. In practice, however, little attention has been given to the suitability, environmental and regulatory barriers as demonstrated in the One Million ha Rice Mega Project and in many plantation concessions. The One Million ha Mega Project, for example failed to contribute to the food security and created serious hydrological, biodiversity and green house gas problems because of lack of planning. Many plantations have successfully contributed to the local and national economies, albeit with the sacrifice of the peat environmental functions. Economic and livelihood objectives usually prevail over other considerations. Learning from past experience, evaluation of the peat land suitability prior to their development is the key for the economic success. In areas where economic and livelihood pressures are very strong, deforestation may be unavoidable. The recent escalation in economic incentives for palm oil production and the complicated bureaucracy of the carbon trading mechanisms have increased the abatement and transaction costs of emission reduction. Our unpublished abatement cost estimates for avoiding peat land and non peat land forest conversions to oil palm plantation, were respectively over $6 and over $20 per ton of emitted CO2; the values unlikely reachable through the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) mechanism. Nevertheless, solving the environmental problems amid the shadow of the economic and livelihood prospects must continually be negotiated between the local people and the governments as well as the international community. International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
REFERENCES 72 Agus F Agus F, Suyanto, Wahyunto, and van Noordwijk M. 2007. Reducing emission from peat land deforestation and degradation: Carbon emission and opportunity costs. Paper presented in “International Symposium and Workshop on Tropical Peat land “Carbon – Climate - Human Interaction - Carbon pools, fire, mitigation, restoration, and Wise Use”, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 27-29 August 2007. Chokkalingam U, Suyanto S, Permana RP, Kurniawan I, Mannes J, Darmawan A, Khususyiah N, and Susanto RH. 2007. Community fire use, resource change, and livelihood impacts: The downward spiral in the wetlands of southern Sumatra. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 12(1):75-100. Djaenudin D, Marwan H, Subagjo H, and Hidayat A. 2003. Petunjuk Teknis Evaluasi Lahan untuk Komoditas Pertanian (Manual for Land Suitability Evaluation of Agricultural Crops). Balai Penelitian Tanah, Puslitbang Tanah dan Agroklimat Bogor (In Indonesian). Driessen PM and Dudal R. 1989. Lecture notes on geography, formation, properties and use of the major soils of the world. p. 93-103. Agricultural University, Wageningen and Katholiek Universiteit Leuven. Wageningen and Leuven. Hatano R, Tomoaki M, Untung D, Limin SH, and Syaiful A. 2004. Impact of agriculture and wild fire on CO2, CH4 and N2O emissions from tropical peat soil in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Necessity of Establishment of Inventory on Carbon Cycling in Tropical Peat land Ecosystems for Sustainable Agroproduction and Environmental Conservation. Report No. 13574012, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, pp. 11-14. Hooijer A, Silvius M, Wösten H, and Page SE. 2006. Peat-CO2, Assessment of CO2 Emissions from drained peat lands in SE Asia. Delft Hydraulics report Q3943. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2006. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume IV, IPCC. IPCC. 2006. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. H.S. Eggleston, L Buendia, K Miwa, T. Ngara and K Tanabe (eds.). The National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, IGES Japan. Jauhiainen J, Vasander H, Jaya A, Takashi I, Heikkinen J and Martikinen P. 2004. Carbon balance in managed tropical peat in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In Wise Use of Peat lands - International Workshop on Post Tsunami Soil Management, 1-2 July 2008 in Bogor, Indonesia
Page 2 and 3:
Proceedings International Workshop
Page 4 and 5:
iii FOREWORD The active subduction
Page 6 and 7:
Ladies and Gentlemen, v We are situ
Page 8 and 9:
Ladies and Gentlemen, vii The time
Page 10 and 11:
ix sediment, soil and water salinit
Page 12 and 13:
xi TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD .....
Page 14 and 15:
1 Harjadi PJP INDONESIA TSUNAMI EAR
Page 16 and 17:
3 Harjadi PJP Figure 3. Site distri
Page 18 and 19:
5 Harjadi PJP The Operational compo
Page 20 and 21:
7 Harjadi PJP National Coordinating
Page 22 and 23:
9 Harjadi PJP • UNESCO, IOC, ITIC
Page 24 and 25:
2.5. Buoys (BPPT) 11 Harjadi PJP Be
Page 26 and 27:
4. Situation Center 13 Harjadi PJP
Page 28 and 29:
Figure 18. The decision support sys
Page 30 and 31:
Figure 20. Observation perspective
Page 32 and 33:
Figure 23. Five in one information
Page 34 and 35: 21 Niino Y AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS IN
Page 36 and 37: 23 Niino Y rehabilitation of salt-a
Page 38 and 39: 25 Niino Y who lost their crops, li
Page 40 and 41: 27 Niino Y damage afflicting agricu
Page 42 and 43: 29 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS N
Page 44 and 45: 31 Niino Y − Income generation th
Page 46 and 47: 33 Abubakar and Basri REHABILITATIO
Page 48 and 49: 35 Abubakar and Basri Table 1. Ligh
Page 50 and 51: 37 Abubakar and Basri Table 3. Thic
Page 52 and 53: 39 Abubakar and Basri Table 5. Padd
Page 54 and 55: CONCLUSIONS 41 Abubakar and Basri R
Page 56 and 57: 43 MANAGING TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOILS
Page 58 and 59: 45 Slavich et al. Figure 3. Tsunami
Page 60 and 61: 47 Slavich et al. they were not aff
Page 62 and 63: 49 Slavich et al. factors observed
Page 64 and 65: 51 DYNAMICS OF TSUNAMI-AFFECTED SOI
Page 66 and 67: 53 Rachman et al. measured using th
Page 68 and 69: 55 Rachman et al. Table 2. Characte
Page 70 and 71: 57 Rachman et al. Figure 2. Distrib
Page 72 and 73: 59 Rachman et al. complex are domin
Page 74 and 75: Soil depth (cm) B Soil depth (cm) C
Page 76 and 77: 63 Rachman et al. empty pods. The f
Page 78 and 79: 65 ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS OF FARMING O
Page 80 and 81: 67 Agus F of North America, Europe
Page 82 and 83: International Workshop on Post Tsun
Page 86 and 87: 73 Agus F Proceedings of the 12th I
Page 88 and 89: 75 POST-TSUNAMI AGRICULTURE LIVELIH
Page 90 and 91: Nagapattinam Background Geographica
Page 92 and 93: 79 Mohan GMC extensively in compari
Page 94 and 95: 81 Mohan GMC NGOs wherever there wa
Page 96 and 97: 83 Mohan GMC Between February’05
Page 98 and 99: 1.7. Constraints: 85 Mohan GMC •
Page 100 and 101: 87 Mohan GMC The successful first y
Page 102 and 103: 89 Joshi L ACCELERATING LIVELIHOOD
Page 104 and 105: POVERTY AND TREE CROPS 91 Joshi L P
Page 106 and 107: 93 Joshi L The survey conducted in
Page 108 and 109: CONCLUSIONS 95 Joshi L Aceh and Nia
Page 110 and 111: 97 Sembiring et al. IMPLICATIONS OF
Page 112 and 113: 99 Sembiring et al. level of tolera
Page 114 and 115: 101 Sembiring et al. Leaching, soil
Page 116 and 117: 103 Sembiring et al. Aceh Barat. Th
Page 118 and 119: 105 Sembiring et al. lowland rice t
Page 120 and 121: 107 Sembiring et al. and developmen
Page 122 and 123: 109 Iskandar and Chairunas PALAWIJA
Page 124 and 125: 111 Iskandar and Chairunas Tunong V
Page 126 and 127: 113 Iskandar and Chairunas DPTPH Pr
Page 128 and 129: 115 INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR P
Page 130 and 131: 117 Shea et al. Material support wa
Page 132 and 133: TRANSPORTATION 119 Shea et al. Duri
Page 134 and 135:
121 Shea et al. As highlighted duri
Page 136 and 137:
123 Shea et al. Connection Centers:
Page 138 and 139:
125 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 140 and 141:
127 Shea et al. Photographs: Left -
Page 142 and 143:
MEDIA FOR WOMEN FARMERS 129 Shea et
Page 144 and 145:
131 McLeod et al. SOIL SALINITY ASS
Page 146 and 147:
133 Figure 1. Locations of assessme
Page 148 and 149:
135 McLeod et al. fields after the
Page 150 and 151:
137 Wahyunto et al. ASSESSMENT OF A
Page 152 and 153:
139 Wahyunto et al. 2004 (before th
Page 154 and 155:
141 Wahyunto et al. Since the major
Page 156 and 157:
143 Wahyunto et al. Table 1. Existi
Page 158 and 159:
145 Wahyunto et al. low fertility),
Page 160 and 161:
147 Wahyunto et al. Table 2. Method
Page 162 and 163:
CONCLUSIONS 149 Wahyunto et al. Lan
Page 164 and 165:
151 Wahyunto et al. FAO. 1976. Fram
Page 166 and 167:
153 Sammut et al. TECHNICAL CAPACIT
Page 168 and 169:
155 Sammut et al. associated manage
Page 170 and 171:
157 Sammut et al. Tarunamulia, 2006
Page 172 and 173:
159 Sammut et al. Unfortunately, a
Page 174 and 175:
161 Sammut et al. Gosavi K, Sammut
Page 176 and 177:
163 Chairunas DEVELOPING TECHNOLOGY
Page 178 and 179:
165 Chairunas Table 1. The average
Page 180 and 181:
REFERENCES 167 Chairunas BPS. 2007.
Page 182 and 183:
169 List of Participants Internatio
Page 184 and 185:
171 Didi Ardi S., Dr. Indonesian So
Page 186 and 187:
173 Irawan, Dr. Indonesian Soil Res
Page 188 and 189:
175 Mulyadi, Mr Indonesian Institut
Page 190 and 191:
177 Subhan, Mr Institute for Vegeta
Page 192 and 193:
179 Astu Unadi, Dr. Kepala Balitkli
show all

Proceedings - Balai Penelitian Tanah

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?