10.08.2013 Views

basic aspects of the theory of jet propulsion - Department of ...

basic aspects of the theory of jet propulsion - Department of ...

basic aspects of the theory of jet propulsion - Department of ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

)81'$0(17$/6 2) 7+(<br />

7+(25< 2) 52&.(7 $1'<br />

63$&(&5$)7 )/,*+7<br />

352)(6625<br />

'U 2/(;$1'5 3(75(1.2<br />

,167,787( 2) 3+


,1752'8&7,21<br />

7KH ,167,787( 2) 3+


,1752'8&7,21<br />

7KH ,QVWLWXWH FRQVLVWV QRZ RI PDLQ<br />

GHSDUWPHQWV<br />

'HVLJQLQJ DQG FRQVWUXFWLRQ RI<br />

IOLJKW YHKLFOHV<br />

(QJLQH EXLOGLQJV<br />

6\VWHPV RI DXWRPDWLF FRQWURO<br />

5DGLR HOHFWURQLF DXWRPDWLRQ<br />

7HFKQRORJ\ RI SURGXFWLRQ


,1752'8&7,21<br />

,Q WKLV FRXUVH FDQ EH GLVWLQJXLVKHG VXFK<br />

SDUWV<br />

z %DVLF DVSHFWV RI WKH WKHRU\ RI MHW<br />

SURSXOVLRQ<br />

z &RRUGLQDWHV DQG DQJOHV V\VWHPV )RUFHV<br />

DQG PRPHQWV WKDW DUH RSHUDWH RQ D URFNHW LQ<br />

IOLJKW<br />

z )OLJKW WUDMHFWRU\ RI D EDOOLVWLF PLVVLOH<br />

z %DVLF SULQFLSOHV RI WKH URFNHWV FRQWURO<br />

z 2UELWDO IOLJKW RI D VSDFHFUDIW


3$57<br />

%$6,& $63(&76 2) 7+(<br />

7+(25< 2) -(7 35238/6,21


&217(176<br />

0DLQ FRPSRQHQW SDUWV RI D EDOOLVWLF PLVVLOH<br />

DQG ODXQFKHU<br />

3ULQFLSOH RI MHW PRWLRQ<br />

&ODVVLILFDWLRQ RI URFNHW HQJLQHV<br />

(TXDWLRQ RI D SRLQW PRWLRQ ZLWK YDULDEOH PDVV<br />

7KUXVW DQG VSHFLILF LPSXOVH RI D WKUXVW RI D<br />

URFNHW HQJLQH<br />

)RUPXOD =LRONRYVN\ IRU LGHDO YHORFLW\ RI D<br />

URFNHW<br />

7HVWLQJ TXHVWLRQV


%$6,& $63(&76 2) 7+( 7+(25< 2) -(7<br />

35238/6,21<br />

0$,1 &20321(17 3$576 2) $ %$//,67,&<br />

0,66,/(<br />

)LJ 7KH VFKHPH RI D VLQJOH VWDJH<br />

URFNHW<br />

SD\ORDG R[LGL]HU WDQN IXHO<br />

WDQN WXUER SXPS XQLWV RI WKH<br />

HQJLQH FRPEXVWLRQ FKDPEHU RI<br />

WKH HQJLQH VWDELOL]HUV FRQWURO<br />

HQJLQHV QR]]OH RI WKH HQJLQH<br />

, QRVH FRQH ,, LQVWUXPHQW PRGXOH<br />

,,, IXHO ED\ ,9 ² DIW ED\


0$,1 &20321(17 3$576 2) $ %$//,67,&<br />

0,66,/(<br />

)LJ 7KH VFKHPH RI D<br />

XQJXLGHG URFNHW ZLWK WKH<br />

HQJLQH RQ VROLG SURSHOODQW<br />

± EDWWOH SDUW<br />

FRPEXVWLRQ FKDPEHU RI<br />

WKH HQJLQH<br />

± VROLG IXHO<br />

QR]]OH<br />

VWDELOL]HUV


0$,1 &20321(17 3$576 2) $ %$//,67,&<br />

0,66,/(<br />

)LJ 7KH VFKHPH<br />

RI D PXOWLVWDJH URFNHW<br />

± SURSHOODQW ED\V<br />

HQJLQHV<br />

SD\ORDG<br />

QRVH FRQH<br />

LQVWUXPHQW PRGXOH<br />

KDUG SRLQWV RI VWDJHV<br />

FRQQHFWLRQ


)LJ )RU DQ H[SODQDWLRQ<br />

RI D SULQFLSOH RI MHW PRWLRQ<br />

35,1&,3/( 2) -(7 027,21<br />

D<br />

E<br />

Z FRPEXVWLRQ FKDPEHU<br />

ZLWKRXW WKH QR]]OH<br />

7HUPLQRORJ\<br />

MHW IORZ<br />

MHW IRUFH<br />

SURSXOVLYH PDWWHU<br />

SULPDU\ HQHUJ\<br />

URFNHW HQJLQH<br />

E VDPH WKH FRPEXVWLRQ<br />

FKDPEHU ZLWK WKH QR]]OH


7+( 52&.(7 (1*,1(6 :,7+ /$5*(<br />

7+5867<br />

/LTXLG URFNHW HQJLQHV<br />

5RFNHW HQJLQHV ZLWK VROLG SURSHOODQW<br />

7KH K\EULG URFNHW HQJLQHV<br />

7+( 52&.(7 (1*,1(6 :,7+ 60$//<br />

7+5867<br />

&/$66,),&$7,21 2) 52&.(7<br />

(1*,1(6<br />

(OHFWUR WKHUPDO URFNHW HQJLQH<br />

(OHFWURPDJQHWLF URFNHW HQJLQH<br />

(OHFWURVWDWLF LRQLF URFNHW HQJLQH


'W<br />

o P W o P 'P<br />

o<br />

P<br />

PY<br />

'P<br />

Y<br />

) 'W<br />

(48$7,21 2) $ 32,17 027,21<br />

:,7+ 9$5,$%/( 0$66<br />

'Y<br />

X<br />

'PX<br />

GY<br />

P<br />

GW<br />

GP<br />

GW<br />

X Y )<br />

X Y ZD<br />

GP<br />

P<br />

GW<br />

)RU<br />

o<br />

GY<br />

o P<br />

GW<br />

GY<br />

P<br />

GW<br />

GP<br />

)<br />

)<br />

GW<br />

3<br />

3<br />

o<br />

PZD<br />

)RU DQ\ LQVWDQW W DW PRWLRQ RI D<br />

SRLQW ZLWK YDULDEOH PDVV WKH<br />

SURGXFW RI SRLQW PDVV RQ LWV<br />

DFFHOHUDWLRQ LV HTXDO WR WKH<br />

JHRPHWULFDO VXP RI UHVXOWDQW DOO<br />

H[WHUQDO IRUFHV ) DQG DGGLWLRQDO<br />

MHW IRUFH 3


3<br />

3<br />

RXW<br />

3<br />

7+5867 $1' 63(&,),& ,038/6( 2)<br />

$ 7+5867 2) $ 52&.(7 (1*,1(<br />

RXW LQ 3<br />

3<br />

K<br />

6<br />

D<br />

3 K H[WHUQDO VWDWLF SUHVVXUH<br />

6 D VTXDUH RI RXWSXW VHFWLRQ RI<br />

WKH QR]]OH<br />

D D 6 3 3D<br />

6D<br />

3RXW<br />

'P<br />

˜ 'P<br />

˜ Z 'P<br />

˜<br />

'P<br />

˜ ZD<br />

3D<br />

6D<br />

3RXW<br />

D<br />

Z<br />

D<br />

'W<br />

3<br />

D<br />

6<br />

D


'P<br />

'W<br />

˜<br />

Z<br />

7+5867 $1' 63(&,),& ,038/6( 2)<br />

$ 7+5867 2) $ 52&.(7 (1*,1(<br />

D<br />

'P<br />

3RXW ˜<br />

'W<br />

'P<br />

'W<br />

3<br />

P<br />

PZ<br />

D<br />

3<br />

Z<br />

D<br />

D<br />

6<br />

FRQVW<br />

6<br />

D<br />

3<br />

D<br />

D<br />

3 PZD<br />

6D<br />

3D<br />

3<br />

D<br />

3<br />

6<br />

3<br />

RXW<br />

D<br />

K<br />

3<br />

3 DWPRVSKHULF SUHVVXUH<br />

IRU WKH VHD OHYHO<br />

3<br />

3<br />

3<br />

K<br />

Y<br />

3<br />

o<br />

PZ<br />

D<br />

3<br />

6<br />

Y<br />

D<br />

6<br />

3<br />

D<br />

3<br />

D<br />

PZ<br />

YH<br />

3<br />

K<br />

3<br />

6<br />

D<br />

3<br />

Z YH DQ HIIHFWLYH IORZ YHORFLW\<br />

LQ YDFXXP<br />

D


7+5867 $1' 63(&,),& ,038/6( 2)<br />

$ 7+5867 2) $ 52&.(7 (1*,1(<br />

$V PDVV VSHFLILF LPSXOVH , 6 FDOO D LPSXOVH WKDW FRPHV<br />

SHU XQLW PDVV NJ RI D SURSHOODQW PDVV , 6 , P<br />

,I WKH HQJLQH WKUXVW LV FRQVWDQW GXULQJ DOO WKUXVWHU RQ<br />

WLPH DQ LPSXOVH GHYHORSHG E\ WKH HQJLQH , 3 W<br />

7KHUHIRUH PDVV VSHFLILF LPSXOVH<br />

, 6<br />

3W<br />

P<br />

><br />

, 6<br />

@<br />

3<br />

P<br />

> 3@<br />

> P@<br />

,<br />

6Y<br />

3<br />

Y<br />

P<br />

> 1 @<br />

> NJ VHF@<br />

Z<br />

D<br />

3<br />

D<br />

6<br />

P<br />

> 1 ˜VHF@<br />

> NJ@<br />

D<br />

Z<br />

YH


)2508/$ =,2/.296.< )25 ,'($/<br />

9(/2&,7< 2) $ 52&.(7<br />

7KH VSHHG RI D EDOOLVWLF PLVVLOH WKDW LV PRYHV LQ YDFXXP<br />

VSDFH ZLWKRXW IRUFHV RI JUDYLWDWLRQDO ILHOGV LV FDOOHG DV<br />

LGHDO VSHHG 9 ,<br />

P9,<br />

G9<br />

P<br />

GW<br />

G9<br />

Z<br />

9<br />

,<br />

,<br />

YH<br />

,<br />

PZ<br />

Z<br />

GP<br />

ZYH<br />

P<br />

FRQVW<br />

Z OQ P OQ&<br />

YH<br />

YH<br />

YH<br />

GP<br />

GW<br />

9,<br />

P P<br />

9,<br />

P<br />

ZYH<br />

OQ<br />

P<br />

P<br />

P<br />

o9,<br />

P<br />

ZYH<br />

OQ<br />

d P<br />

d<br />

P


9<br />

9<br />

9<br />

,<br />

,<br />

,Q<br />

)2508/$ =,2/.296.< )25<br />

,'($/ 9(/2&,7< 2) $ 52&.(7<br />

,GHDO YHORFLW\ IRU PXOWLVWDJH URFNHW FRQVLVWV RI Q<br />

VWDJHV<br />

P<br />

P<br />

Z<br />

Z<br />

Z<br />

YH<br />

YH<br />

YHQ<br />

PQ<br />

OQ P<br />

OQ P<br />

OQ<br />

P<br />

Q<br />

9<br />

,<br />

9,<br />

9<br />

ZYH<br />

OQ P<br />

Z OQ P<br />

YH<br />

,<br />

Z<br />

ZYHL FRQVW PL<br />

9 Q ˜<br />

,<br />

Z<br />

YH<br />

OQ<br />

YH<br />

9,Q<br />

OQ P<br />

Z OQ P<br />

P<br />

YH<br />

FRQVW<br />

6SHHG RI D ILQDO VWDJH LQ Q WLPH ODUJH WKDQ IRU D<br />

VLQJOH VWDJH URFNHW<br />

Q


7HVWLQJ TXHVWLRQV<br />

:KDW LV DVVLJQLQJ WKH PDLQ SDUWV RI D OLTXLG<br />

SURSHOODQW PLVVLOH"<br />

:KDW DUH VWUXFWXUDO GLIIHUHQFHV RI D VROLG PLVVLOH<br />

IURP OLTXLG"<br />

7KH PDLQ SULQFLSOH RI RSHUDWLQJ RI D PXOWLVWDJH<br />

URFNHW<br />

3ULQFLSOH RI MHW PRWLRQ :KDW EDVLF ODZV RI SK\VLFV<br />

DUH XVHG LQ WKH EDVLV RI WKLV SULQFLSOH"<br />

+RZ WKH URFNHW HQJLQHV DUH FODVVHG"<br />

'HGXFH DQ HTXDWLRQ RI PRWLRQ RI D ERG\ ZLWK<br />

YDULDEOH PDVV<br />

'R GHGXFH RI DQ HTXDWLRQ RI WKUXVW IRUFH<br />

:KDW LV VSHFLILF LPSXOVH RI D WKUXVW" :KDW LW<br />

FKDUDFWHUL]HV"


7HVWLQJ TXHVWLRQV<br />

+RZ VSHFLILF LPSXOVH RI D WKUXVW RQ DQ DOWLWXGH RI<br />

IOLJKW GHSHQGV"<br />

$W ZKDW DVVXPSWLRQV WKH IRUPXOD RI WKH =LRONRYVN\<br />

IRU LGHDO VSHHG RI D URFNHW LV GHGXFHG"<br />

7R WKDW WKH LGHDO VSHHG RI D URFNHW LV HTXDO"<br />

:KDW EDVLF ZD\V RI LQFUHDVH RI VSHHG RI D URFNHW"<br />

&DOFXODWH LGHDO VSHHG RI D URFNHW IRU ZKLFK RQH<br />

WKH PHDQ HIIHFWLYH H[KDXVW YHORFLW\ RI JDVHV LV HTXDO<br />

P?V DQG UHODWLYH ILQDO PDVV LV HTXDO<br />

&DOFXODWH LGHDO VSHHG RI D WZR VWDJH URFNHW KDYLQJ<br />

IROORZLQJ YDOXH Z HY DQG µ d<br />

)RU , VWDJH Z HY P?V µ d<br />

)RU ,, VWDJH Z HY P?V µ d

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!