combating terrorism and its implications for the security sector - DCAF

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About the Authors AMNEUS Diana, (LL.M.): She is a doctoral candidate in public international law at the Faculty of Law at Stockholm University. She is writing her thesis on the concept of human security and its implications for international law. She has previously served as a Desk Officer at the Swedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs in the Departments of Public International Law and Global Cooperation. Amnéus also has working experience from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the Swedish Red Cross. She is director of a course on women’s human rights at the Stockholm School of Theology in Stockholm, and lectures in public international law at Stockholm University. She is coeditor of Human Rights—on the Frontline of Research, Amnéus, Diana, Gunner, Göran (2003) and Peace and Security—Current Challenges in International Law, Amnéus, Diana, Svanberg-Torpman, Katinka (2004). BAILES, Alyson J.K.: Ms. Bailes is Director of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Sweden. Previous positions included: Member of British Diplomatic Service, Vice-President of East-West Institute, UK Ambassador to Finland, Political Director of WEU. Ms Bailes has published widely in different aspects of international security. BROSTROEM Per (LL.M.): He is a University Lecturer and the Assistant Head of the International Law Centre at the Swedish National Defence College. He is currently heading a research-project on “Targeting.” Broström is also a reserve officer with extended international experience from missions in Central America and Middle East. He holds a position as the Legal Adviser to the Chief of the Swedish Armed Forces Joint Forces Command and is a Member of the Swedish Total Defence Council on International Law. He is coauthor of From Hugo Grotius to George W. Bush, Bring, Ove, Broström, Per in The Iraqi War – Perspectives on Politics and Warfare, Anderberg, Bengt, et al. (eds), Frank Cass [To be published]. CAPARINI Marina: She is a Senior Fellow on democratic governance and security sector reform at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF). She focuses on internal security (police, intelligence, border management) and civil society issues. Originally from Canada, she is also a doctoral candidate in the Department of War Studies, King’s College, University of London. Her recent publications include ‘Security sector reform in the Western Balkans,’ SIPRI Yearbook 2004: Media in 245
Security and Governance (Nomos, 2004); and Transforming Police in Central and Eastern Europe: Process and Progress (Lit Verlag, 2004), coedited with O. Marenin. CHANDLER, Michael: In his military career, LTC Chandler was appointed as regimental commander in key posts in the UK and overseas. He then held senior positions in the “high-tech” and oil industries and appointments in ceasefire monitoring and United Nations missions, throughout the former Yugoslavia. Since 2001, he is Chairman of an independent group, mandated by the United Nations Security Council, to monitor sanctions imposed against the Al Qaeda network. Recently Mr. Chandler was appointed to the Advisory Council of the International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Singapore. EBNOTHER, Anja H.: Ms. Ebnöther is Assistant Director for PfP Programmes at the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. She is the Swiss representative in the PfP Consortium of Defence Academies and Security Studies Institutes and the Chairperson of the PfP-Consortium Working Group on Security Sector Reform. Previous positions were in the Swiss Ministry of Defence as Deputy Head of the EAPC/PfP desk. After she had earned a degree in European law, she was an alumni at the 12th International Training Course in Security Policy at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy. GUNARATNA, Rohan: Prof Rohan Gunaratna is Head, International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research and an Associate Professor at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies in Singapore. He is also a Senior Fellow at the Combating Terrorism Center of the United States Military Academy at West Point and a Honorary Fellow at the International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism in Israel. Gunaratna received a Masters in International Peace Studies from the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, and a doctorate in International Relations from the University of St. Andrews, UK. His Ph.D. thesis was on the dynamics of diaspora and migrant support for terrorism. Gunaratna has authored eight books and is coauthor of the Jane's Counter Terrorism Manual, a leading counterterrorism handbook in the world. His most recent book is Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror (Columbia University Press), an international bestseller. 246
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COMBATING TERRORISM AND ITS IMPLICA
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Publishers: Swedish National Defenc
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8. Combating Terrorism and Its Impl
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armed forces, and an emphasis on sp
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oughly assess the threat, b) to ens
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Preface ANJA H. EBNÖTHER The highl
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Terrorism and the International Sec
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driven also by deliberate U.S. effo
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In the first flush of antiterrorist
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worth stressing: namely that a grea
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European Union. The European Parlia
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the West’s own terrorist enemies.
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though it would have been worth ack
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Historical Origins of the British A
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The Principle of Minimum Force The
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In all of the army’s history of i
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ture on socialization, to be “sti
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the key, but escalation by only one
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without trial hundreds of Catholics
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The forces of other nations operati
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the same social class: “in the Br
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an on-the-ground rapport that devel
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principle that hard and fast rules
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gree, transnational terrorism is su
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havoc and harm at will. Their opera
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Thus, if tourists are targeted in t
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to become a dangerous challenge for
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Although preemption has been widely
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investment, 140 tremendous effects
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The Post-Madrid Face of Al Qaeda 14
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sociated groups with origins in the
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ope, the United States, Canada, Aus
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injustices attributed to the West i
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minish. Even if Al Qaeda is complet
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The security of a nation has always
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tion, and [the sharing of] Informat
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Once the threat is clearly understo
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Rather than laying down formalised
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has to be handled through other cha
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Terrorism and Parliamentary Control
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cably linked. As a consequence, par
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Israeli-Palestinian conflict had li
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answers to concrete crises, it prov
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2. Terrorists try to change the pol
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criminal codes. The Commission also
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cretion in imposing a sentence belo
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- Expansion of the intelligence and
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- Implementation of the EU protocol
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The Aftermath of Madrid Deeply shoc
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and political fragmentation and dis
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APPENDIX 1 International convention
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Combating Terrorism and Its Implica
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tating a wide multinational and mul
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Polish Armed Forces was formulated
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new corps of soldiers: professional
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and Polish command. Within the area
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The structure of the MND included n
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The Effect of the Antiterrorist Cam
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or any other type of modern militar
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ity of the MND to assist Iraqi auth
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to even inside open Western societi
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keeping operations. Correspondingly
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In 2001, new reforms of the militar
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area will significantly improve the
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cooperation in fighting terrorism r
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tion and suppression of internation
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the agencies, either through timely
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Defeating Terrorist Organizations T
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do this, the international communit
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ities, and the probable use of weap
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The protracted struggle with the ir
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Soft links: This category character
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Human Intelligence Collection Count
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Recruiting citizens who have ethnic
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empower the intelligence and securi
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• Determine the presence of one o
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152 ist missions. When present, the
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though ignorance of the terrorist g
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The relationship of intelligence co
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Intelligence services themselves ar
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effort to avoid mistakes. Economies
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and collectors can no longer functi
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164 threats in the air, water, or f
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ability of individual initiative to
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Policing Terrorism: Rhetoric and Im
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how they work. The tendencies liste
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e characterized as terrorism, legit
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Intelligence The police collect int
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Harnessing or drawing the police in
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that the state and its agencies can
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them another lever for asserting au
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The Contribution of Border Security
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The events which followed 9/11 have
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territorial integrity, and was eith
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ports as transit points for illegal
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Cooperation and the Quality Cycle A
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The Implications of the Fight Again
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Page 201 and 202: ing of the sea. The maritime Gendar
Page 203 and 204: Taking into account the entire rang
Page 205 and 206: tant military personnel, who are se
Page 207 and 208: ders. The Gendarmerie is extremely
Page 209 and 210: Since the end of the Cold War, seve
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Page 213 and 214: 7. Promotion of measures to ensure
Page 215 and 216: ers without sacrificing anything bu
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Page 221 and 222: (SAS), Special Boat Squadron (SBS),
Page 223 and 224: Buying private military providers a
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Page 227 and 228: A Lawful Fight Against Terrorism? P
Page 229 and 230: General of the League of Arab State
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Page 233 and 234: esponse to the increasingly tough m
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Page 237 and 238: among nations and peoples in their
Page 239 and 240: Other Charter of the United Nations
Page 241 and 242: Conclusions AMBASSADOR DR. THEODOR
Page 243 and 244: ial structures all the way down to
Page 245: to include the Mediterranean and Mi
Page 249 and 250: Minister of Defence from 1995 to 19
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