THE BOOK OF THE DEAD PREFACE.

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Vignette: The deceased adoring an ibis-headed god. Chapter CLXXVI. The Chapter of not dying a second time in the underworld. This Chapter has no vignette. Chapter CLXXVII. The Chapter of raising up the khu, and of making the soul to live in the underworld. This Chapter has no vignette. Chapter CLXXVIII. The Chapter of raising up the body, of making the eyes to see, of making the ears to hear, of setting firm the head and of giving it its powers. This Chapter has no Vignette. Chapter CLXXIX. The Chapter of coming forth from yesterday, of coming forth by day, and of praying with the hands. This Chapter has no vignette. Chapter CLXXX. The Chapter of coming forth by day, of praising Ra in Amentet, and of ascribing praise unto those who are in the tuat. Vignette: The deceased adoring Ra. Chapter CLXXXI. The Chapter of going in to the divine chiefs of Osiris who are the leaders in the tuat. Vignette: The deceased adoring Osiris, etc. Chapter CLXXXII. The Book of stablishing the backbone of Osiris, of giving breath to him whose heart is still, and of the repulse of the enemies of Osiris by Thoth. Vignette: The deceased lying on a bier in a funeral chest, surrounded by various gods. Chapter CLXXXIII. A hymn of praise to Osiris; ascribing to him glory, and to Un-nefer adoration. Vignettes: The deceased, with hands raised in adoration, and the god Thoth. Chapter CLXXXIV. The Chapter of being with Osiris. Vignette: The deceased standing by the side of Osiris. {p. xlvi} Theban version: list of chapters. Chapter CLXXXV. The ascription of praise to Osiris, and of adoration to the everlasting lord. Vignette: The deceased making adoration to Osiris. Chapter CLXXXVI. A hymn of praise to Hathor, mistress of Amentet, and to Meh-urt. Vignette: The deceased approaching the mountain of the dead, from which appears the goddess Hathor. file:///I|/mythology/egypt/1/1.html (36 of 189) [01/25/2004 3:29:58 PM] The version akin to the Theban.
Palæography. The version akin to was in vogue from the XXth to the XXVIth dynasty, i.e., about B.C. 1200-550, and was, like the Theban, usually written upon papyrus. The chapters have no fixed order, and are written in lines in the hieratic character; the rubrics, catchwords, and certain names, like that of Apep, are in red. The vignettes are roughly traced in black outline, and are without ornament; but at the ends of the best papyri well-painted scenes, in which the deceased is depicted making adoration to Ra or Horus, are frequently found. The names and titles of the deceased are written in perpendicular rows of hieroglyphics. The character of the handwriting changes in different periods: in the papyrus of the Princess Nesi-Khonsu (about B.C. 1000) it is bold and clear, and much resembles the handsome style of that found in the great Harris papyrus;[1] but within a hundred years, apparently, the fine flowing style disappears, and the writing becomes much smaller and is somewhat cramped; the process of reduction in size continues until the XXVIth dynasty, about B.C. 550, when the small and coarsely written characters are frequently difficult to decipher. The papyri upon which such texts are written vary in length from three to about thirty feet, and in width from nine to eighteen inches; as we approach the period of the XXVIth dynasty the texture becomes coarser and the material is darker in colour. The Theban papyri of this period are lighter in colour than those found in the north of Egypt and are less brittle; they certainly suffer less in unrolling. [1. The Books of the Dead written in the hieroglyphic and hieratic characters which belong to the period of the rule of the priest-kings of the brotherhood of Amen form a class by themselves, and have relatively little in common with the older versions. A remarkable example of this class is the papyrus of Nesi-Khonsu which M. Maspero published (Les Momies Royales de Déir el-baharî, p. 600 f.). The text is divided into paragraphs, which contain neither prayers nor hymns but a veritable contract between the god Amen-Ra and the princess Nesi-Khonsu. After the list of the names and titles of Amen-Ra with which it begins follow eleven sections wherein the god declares in legal phraseology that he hath deified the princess in Amenta and in Neter-khert; that he hath deified her soul and her body in order that neither may be destroyed; that he hath made her divine like every god and goddess; and that he hath decreed that whatever is necessary for her in her new existence shall be done for her, even as it is done for every other god and goddess.] {p. xlvii} The Saïte and Ptolemaic version. Palæography. The Saïte and Ptolemaic version was in vogue from the period of the XXVIth dynasty, about B.C. 550, to probably the end of the rule of the Ptolemies over Egypt. The chapters have a fixed and definite order, and it seems that a careful revision of the whole work was carried out, and that several alterations of an important nature were made in it. A number of chapters which are not found in older papyri appear during this period; but these are not necessarily new inventions, for, as the kings of the XXVIth dynasty are renowned for having revived the arts and sciences and literature of the earliest dynasties, it is quite possible that many or most of the additional chapters are nothing more than new editions of extracts from older works. Many copies of this version were written by scribes who did not understand what they were copying, and omissions of signs, words, and even whole passages are very common; in papyri of the Ptolemaic period it is impossible to read many passages without the help of texts of earlier periods. The papyri of this period vary in colour from a light to a dark brown, and consist usually of layers composed of strips of the plant measuring about 2 inches in width and 14½ to 16 inches in length. Fine examples of Books of the Dead of this version vary in length from about 24½ feet (B.M. No. 10,479, written for the utcheb Heru, the son of the utcheb Tchehra) to 60 feet. Hieroglyphic texts are written in black, in file:///I|/mythology/egypt/1/1.html (37 of 189) [01/25/2004 3:29:58 PM]
Page 1 and 2: THE BOOK OF THE DEAD The Papyrus of
Page 3 and 4: BIBLIOGRAPHY 371-377 INTRODUCTION.
Page 5 and 6: apparently well-ascertained facts,
Page 7 and 8: The rubric on the coffin of Queen M
Page 9 and 10: 6 Among others, (1) ###, (2) ###, (
Page 11 and 12: 2. According to Diodorus, he died b
Page 13 and 14: dynasty.] {p. xxii} Evidence of the
Page 15 and 16: of Mycerinus; we have also seen fro
Page 17 and 18: 6. Stromata, VI., 4, 35, ed. Dindor
Page 19 and 20: never discovered his error although
Page 21 and 22: 2. Another title reads:--"The Chapt
Page 23 and 24: Chapter XXIV. The Chapter of bringi
Page 25 and 26: This Chapter has no vignette. Chapt
Page 27 and 28: Chapter LXVI. [The Chapter of] comi
Page 29 and 30: Vignette: A jackal. Chapter XCI. 'T
Page 31 and 32: Vignette: The deceased, holding a s
Page 33 and 34: Vignette: The deceased adoring Anpu
Page 35: Vignette: Two utchats, and a serpen
Page 39 and 40: 2. I.e., ###. 3. See St. Matthew xi
Page 41 and 42: glorified shape, and to him who had
Page 43 and 44: 3. neb atebui; see Ani, pl. xix., 1
Page 45 and 46: 4. hetep Unas em anx em Amenta Sett
Page 47 and 48: {p. lix} divine body rested in Annu
Page 49 and 50: 4. ###. Chapter LXXXIX., 1. 6. 5. I
Page 51 and 52: with the ka, it partook of the fune
Page 53 and 54: maa-a ba-a xaibit-a May I look upon
Page 55 and 56: {p. lxx} certain passages in the py
Page 57 and 58: 3. ###. See pyramid of Teta, (Recue
Page 59 and 60: kheru," that is to say, "he who rea
Page 61 and 62: Pepi, in the region of Saa. Thou co
Page 63 and 64: caldrons. (512) Unas hath eaten the
Page 65 and 66: He weigheth words, and, behold, God
Page 67 and 68: Verily a good son is of the gifts o
Page 69 and 70: The passages from the pyramid of Pe
Page 71 and 72: {p. xcii} unity of a supreme and se
Page 73 and 74: {p. xcv} it is not until the so-cal
Page 75 and 76: Tefnut;[2] and afterwards Seb the e
Page 77 and 78: THE ABODE OF THE BLESSED. The Egypt
Page 79 and 80: Sekhet-Hetep,[l] and was supposed t
Page 81 and 82: that he represented some form of th
Page 83 and 84: Seb, and placed it upon the steps w
Page 85 and 86: [1. A very interesting figure of th
Page 87 and 88:
in carrying out rightly the work of
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Serq or Selk is a form of the godde
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[1. Recueil de Travaux, t. iii., p.
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eptiles; and of these the most impo
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THE PRINCIPAL GEOGRAPHICAL AND MYTH
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Set Amentet, i.e., "the mountain of
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nipples of the bosom of Horus have
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THE PAPYRUS OF ANI. General Descrip
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textual readings, the papyrus of An
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As with other ancient Theban papyri
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Chapter LXXXVIII. "The Chapter of c
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eyes; and the animal and vegetable
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and Maat beside him; may I grasp th
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PLATE II. Vignette I.: The disk of
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PLATE III. Vignette: Scene of the w
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{p. 258} Text: [Chapter XXXB.] Osir
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Behold, Osiris Ani saith: "O Lord o
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centre are a cow with her calf, cha
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ought unto thee the antelope, his h
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"One cometh unto thee for thy purif
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common title for the Book of the De
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{p. 274} mummy to go into the under
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2. See page 281, note i.] {p. 277}
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] {p. 279] Horus who protect the in
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2. Pierret renders, résurrection d
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(37) "Osiris Ani, the scribe of all
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(83) "Homage to you, O ye lords of
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others say), His name is "Heri-sep-
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of Osiris; [I have] embraced that w
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unto thee, O Osiris, who art cleans
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scrutiny, who cometh forth by night
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PLATE XIII. Vignettes (Upper regist
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§1. Vignette: The gods Ra, Osiris,
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One, and I sit on the eastern side
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forth." Vignette: Ani carrying a sa
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[1. See Naville, Todtenbuch, Bd. I.
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PLATE XVII. Vignette: Ani standing
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the dead and can do evil unto me-ma
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"(2) Homage to thee, O An in Antes
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peace (49) to make the hearts of th
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may make him powerful in heaven amo
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head the nemmes crown. (32) The dou
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of praise are sung in honour of my
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made bright. I have illumined the b
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WHEREIN HE SEETH THE FACES OF ALL T
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(30) "Hail, Lord of faces, who come
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north of the (20) field of the gras
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Vignette: The star Orion. Text: (20
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Osiris Un-nefer; and he shall trium
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illumined his sanctuary. I stand be
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of the god when he maketh his appea
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PLATE XXXVII. Vignette: A shrine wh
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