Untitled

WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION IN OHIO
----- -------- --------------
District Four - Cleveland, Ohio
ANN A L S 0 F C LEV E LAN D 1818 - 1935
1856
Volume XXXIX
Part I

Annals of Cleveland - 1818 - 1935
A Digest and Index of the Newspaper Record of Events and Opinions In
Two Hundred Volumes.
Written, edited, and multigraphed by the workers of Project No. 14066
Works Progress Administration of Ohio
District Four, Cleveland
under the administration of:
Joseph H. Alexander, WPA Administrator
Bess S. Sprague, District Supervisor of Women's, Professional and
Service Projects; Forest Barber, Assistant District Supervisor in
charge of Operations.
Project Supervisor:
Official Sponsor:
Technical Advisers:
Elwood Salsbury
Donald Lybarger, County Recorder
Robert C. Binkley, Chairman
Joint Committee on Materials for
Research of the Social Science Re­
search Counc il and the Ameri can
Council of Learned Societies.
Arthur C. Cole, Editor,
MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL REVIEW
Other members of the faculty of Western
Reserve University

ANN A L S 0 F C LEV E LAN D 1818 - 1935
- - - - - - - - - --------
A Digest and Index of the Newspaper Record of Events and Opinions.
Volume
1856
XXXIX
Abstracted principally from the files of the Cleveland LEADER by:
Robert Henry
Jake Heselschwerdt
Elwood Brooks
Lillian Shayka
Winifred Endebrook
Morris Lavinsky
Elsie Luckhurst
Rufus Carr
edited by:
Harry 1. Becker
Multigraphed by the Cleveland
WPA Proj ect 14066
Cleveland, Ohio
1937
Distributed by the Cleveland Public Library

errata:
I) The reference on page 116 reading "See Political Parties - American"
should read "See Political Parties."
2) "Linquists" on page 147 should read "Linguists."

.,
.-,
Introduction
Classification
Abstracts
Chronological Index
Subject Heading and
Proper Names Index
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1856
I - II
III - VI
I - 537
539 - 555
557 - 659

Introduction:
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER PROJECT
WPA PROJECT #14066
In the ANNALS OF CLEVELAND, an attempt is made to answer a need long
felt by scholars; that of preserving and making readily accessible the detail­
ed record of a city's life and culture as contained in its newspapers. The
Annals are to be a set of at least one volume per year covering the years
1818 - 1935 and including an abstract of every newspaper story that has re­
corded a local event or expressed a local opinion. The material is arranged
alphabetically in topical divisions. The abstracts are numbered consecutive­
ly as thus arranged. A chronological index brings together by number all ab­
stracts from the newspaper of a given date, and a proper names and subject
heading index offers an additional check.
The editors have sought to preserve and arrange 1n this series infurmation
that is nowhere else orderp.d and readily subject to control. To avoid du­
plication they have concentrated their efforts on one major newspaper file -
the principal one for the period. This method of work leaves out of account
the diversities of opinion expressed by other newspapers. In the hope that the
other files may be covered in respect of opinions there expressed the present
volume is numbered as Part 1. Part II, when and as produced, wi 11 complete the
presentation of opinions from other sources.
The fi Ie of the Cleveland LEADER has been used in the preparation of
this volume. Until June 10 of this year James C. Medi 11 edited the LEADER.
From this date unti 1 November the LEADER was edi ted by J. R. French. The
editor for the remainder of the year was E. C. Howard. The policies of the
LEADER were Republ ican.
I

In 1856 the Cleveland LEADER file contained 213,868 column
inches. The number of inches properly coming within the scope of
the Digest and represented in this volume is 21,720. The distribution
of the subject matter in the material not digested is as follows:
National News
State News
Foreign News
Advertising
Statistics
Fiction
Legal
15%
9%
2%
70%
1%
1/2%
1/2%
Miscellaneous 2%
Reference Line - Oct. 16, 1856; ed:2/1 - indicates that the
article following this reference was an editorial taken from the
LEADER of Oct. 16, 1856, page two, column one. An "adv" in the
reference line indicates that the abstract was made from an advertise­
ment. The number in parenthesis at the end of the abstract indicates
the number of column inches in the original newspaper article.
Newspaper files used in abstracting were made avnilable througb
the courtesy of Mr. Wallace Cathcart of the Western Reserve Historical
Society, Miss Linda Eastman of the Cleveland Public Library, the
Cleveland City Coundl, Mr. Louis Seltzer of the Cleveland PRESS, and
Mr. Earle Martin of the Cleveland NEWS. Miss Mari lla Freeman and Mr.
William Lippert of the Cleveland Public Library and the City Clerk's
Office have been of great assistance.
II

•

CLASSIFICATION
ACCIDENTS & DISASTERS
Disasters & Accidents 71-82
Droughts 84
Fires & Fire Prevention 105-
110
AGRICULTURE
Agriculture 1-2
Droughts 84
Fairs & Expositions 98-102
Farm Implements 102-103
Farm Products 103
Farms & Farming 103
Grain 116-117
Sugar 469-470
Wool 536-537
ARTS & CRAFTS
Art & Artists 2-4
Bookbinding 6-7
Engraving & Lithographing 90
Painting & Paperhanging 229-230
Panoramas 230
Photography 237-238
Wood Carving 536
BUSINESS, TRADE, & FINANCE
Advertising & Advertisers 1
Auctions & Auctioneers 4
Banks & Banking 6
Books Stores & Staiioners 7
Butchers 24
Clothing Trade 46-47
Commerce 48-50
Community Growth 52
Confectioners 55
Cotton 56
Drugs & Druggists 84-87
Dry Goods 87
Education 88-90
Fish 110
Flour 110
Food & Drink 111
Fruit 113
Grain 116-117
Hats & Caps 118
Household Equipment & Furnishings
121
Iron & Steel 144
LISTS - 1856
BUSINESS, TRADE & FINANCE
Jewelry & Jewelers 145
Markets & Marketing 165-173
Meat 173-174
Medical & Surgical Supplies
174
Millinery 177
Money 199-203
Musical Instruments 207
Poultry 380
Real Estate 399-400
Retail Stores & Trade 402-
403
Salt 414
Shoes 449
Stoves & Furnaces 465
Taxation 471
Tobacco 482
Wholesale Trade 534
Wool 536-537
COMMUNICATION
Postal Service 379-380
Telegraph 472
CONSTRUCTION
Bridges 17-19
Bui Iding Construct ion 19-20
Building Materials 20
Buildings 21
Buildings, Pub! ic 21-22
Docks & Piers 82-83
Houses, Construction Of 121
Post Office 379
III
CRIME & ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE
Alcoholic Liquors 2
Awards & Claims 4-5
Bigamies 6
Brawls & Fights 16-17
Burglaries 22-24
Coroner's Inquests 55
Counterfeiting 56-58
Courts 58-67
Crime & Criminals 68
Damage Sui ts 69
Domestic Relations 83-84
Duels & Duel ings 87
Frauds 112-113

CLASSIFICATION
LITERATURE & THE PRESS (Cont' d)
Newspapers 209-221
Periodical Publications 233-236
Poetry & Poets 238
Printing & Publ ishing 380-381
MARRIAGE & THE FAMILY
Bigamies 6
Chi ldren 27-28
Domestic Relations 83-84
Illegitimacy 122
Marriage & Marriages 173
OCCUPATIONS & PROFESSIONS
Barbers 6
Bookbinding 6-7
Butchers 24
Dentistry & Dentists 70-71
Drugs & Druggists 84-87
Engineering & Engineers 90
Engraving & Lithographing 90
Express & Expressmen 96-97
Medical Profession 174-175
Opt icians & Optometrists 222
Painting & Paperhanging 229-230
Peddlers & Vendors 231
Photography 237-238
Printing & Publishing 380-381
• Undertakers 485
Veterinarians 521
PERSONS
Obi tuari es 222
Persons & Personages 236-237
PHILOSOPHY & RELIGJON
Churches & Sects 28-40
Religion 401-402
Spiritualism & Occultism 463-465
POLITICS & GOVERNMENT
City Government 41-45
Civil Liberties 45
County Government 58
Filibusters 103-104
Foreign Relations 112
... Indians 122
LISTS - 1856
POLITICS & GOVERNMENT (Cont'd)
Laws & Legislation 161
Mobs & Riots 198-199
Negroes 208
Newspapers 209-221
Political Campaigns & Elections
239-338
Political Parties 339-358
Politics & Government 359-
379
Privateers 381
Pub 1 ic Squares & Circles 382-
385
Sectionalism 421-423
Slavery 449-462
Suburbs, Districts & Annexaions
469
Suffrage 469
Taxation 471
Treason 483
United States Army 485
United States Navy 485-486
United States Territories &
Possessions 486-519
Women 535-536
POPULATION & VITAL STATISTICS
Cemeteries 26-27
Census & Population 27
Deaths 70
Foreign Population 111
Negroes 208
Obi tuari es 222
Vital Statistics 527
Westward Movement 533-534
Women 535-536
PUBLIC SERVICE & WELFARE
Fire Department 104-105
Gas 115
Health & Sani tation 118
Hospitals & Infirmaries 119-
120
Mental Diseases 175-176
Parks & Playgrounds 230-231
Postal Service 379-380
Streets 466-469
Water Supply 528
Welfare 531-533
v

CLASSIFICATION
RECREATION & SPORTS
Boats & Boating 6
Par1{s & Playgrounds 230-231
SCIENCE
Astronomy 4
Exploration 96
Medicine & Surgery 175
Steam 465
Time 482
Weather 529-530
Weights & Measures 531
SOCIAL LIFE & CUSTOMS
Celebrations & Festivals 25-26
Conduct & Customs 53-55
Excursions & Picnics 96
Fairs & Expositions 98-102
Foreign Population III
Social Events 462-463
Temperance 472
THEATER, MUSIC & DANCE
Circuses 40
Dancing 69
Entertainment 91-95
Music 203-207
Musical Instruments 207
Panoramas 230
Theaters 473-482
TRANSPORTATION
Bridges 17-19
Bus & Stage Lines 24
Docks & Pi ers 82-83
Railroads 386-399
Rivers & Harbors 403-404
Shipbuilding 423-424
Shipping & Ships 424-448
WAR
Defense & Preparedness 70
United States Army 485
United States Navy 485-486
LISTS - 1856
VI

2
Abstracts 7 - 13
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
AGRICULTURE (Cont'd)
7 - L Dec. 10:2/2 - Officers of the Ohio state hoard of agriculture
for 1857 are the following: President; Alexander Waddle, Clark county;
recording secretary, John M. Millikin, Butler county; treasurer, Lucian
Buttles, Franklin county; corresponding secretary, John H. Klippart,
Cuyahoga county. (3)
8 - L Dec. 30:2/2 - The fifth annual meeting of the U. S. Agricultural
society will be held at the rooms of the Smithsonian institute in Washington
on Jan. 14, 1857. Delegates of the various agricultural societies of
the United States will attend. (2)
See also Farm Products; Farms & Farming; Fruit; Grain
ALCOHOLIC LIQUORS
9 - L Jan. 21:1/4 - Jacob Dobley was fined $10 yesterday on a charge
of selling Equor on Sunday. In default of payment he was sent to jail
for 20 days. (2)
10 - L Apr. 10: 1/4 - Martin Cunningham, Benjamin Shaw, and "Pat" McMalley
were each fined $10.77 on charges -of violating the election liquor ordinance.
(1)
11 - L Aug. 9: 3/2 - A 1 iquorshanty on Bath st. has, for some time past.
obstructed the streets and supplied customers with bad liquor. Officers
abated the nuisance yesterday by compelling Mrs. Russell the proprietress,
to get out. (2)
12 - L Oct. 13: 1/6 - On Oct. 11 an inquest was held by Coroner Erwin
into the death of Eliza Majo, found dead in her home on Taylor st. The
jury returned a verdict of death by continued use of intoxicating liquor.
See also Intoxication; Saloons; Temperance
AMUSEMENTS. See Entertainment; Music; Parks & Playgrounds; Theaters
ANNEXATIONS LOCAL. See Suburbs, Districts & Annexations
ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT. See Slavery
APPOINTMENTS, POLITICAL. See Politics & Government
ARSON. See Fires & Fire Prevention- Arson
ART & ARTISTS
13 - L Jan. 3; adv:3/3 -
Paintings For Sale
VIEW IN THE WINOOSKI VALLEY, near Burlington, Vt., COTTAGE GIRL
SCENE ON THE ASHLEY RIVER, near Charleston, S. C. , FALL SCENE
(3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 14 - 19
ART & ARTISTS (Cont'd)
Also two paintings from the Cosmopolitian Art Association, which will
remain a short time. J. P. Holbrook, 100 Superior st. (1)
14 - L May 7: 3/7 - Jewett, Proctor and Worthington, 162 Superior st.,
have new artists material, canvas on stretchers of various sizes, oxland
water colors, crayons, and drawing paper on sale at reasonable terms and
prices. (6)
15 - L May 30; adv: 3/2 - Today, at 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., at Empire Hall,
the balance of the Oil Paintings are to be sold without any reserve. (1)
16 - L Sept. 29:1/4 - W. J. Fry of this city won first prize at the fair
for his skill in painting. This is the third time he has won it in this
state. (4)
17 - L Oct. 10; adv:4/5 - Josiah Humphrey's Academy for drawing and painting,
64 Prospect street.
Hours of study are from 2 to 6 daily, except Saturday. (2)
18 - L Nov. 8; adv:3/3 -
Artists' Materials
Oil Colors, in patent collapsible tubes.
Oils & Varnishes.
Mastic Varnish, full strength for Megilp.
Nut Oil, Poppy varnish.
Superior Drying Oil, light and strong.
Water Colors, in cakes and half cakes. Also in boxes, from $1.25
to $8 each.
Moist Water Colors Boxes.
Pure linen English canvas, prepared by Winsor and Newson in a superior
manner for oil painting and warranted to kep.p any length of time
without cracking.
Oi 1 sketching paper.
Brushes.
Flat bristle brushes, for oil painting. Camel hair and sable brushes
for water colors.
Japan Tin Oi 1 Color Boxes,
To contain tube colors, brushes, oils, etc.
Drawing Papers.
Whatman's Royal, Imperial, Atlas and Double Elephant.
German, Engl ish, and American drawing papers.
Artists, teachers and dealers supplied on the most liberal terms.
Henry P. B. Jewett. (10)
19 - L Nov. 17: 1/4 - One hundred and thirty specimens of European oil
paintings wi 11 be sold tomorrow at public auction by O. Cutter and Son,
32 Bank st. (2)
3

4
Abstracts 20 - 30
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
ART & ARTISTS (Cont'd)
20 - L Dec. 6; adv: 3/1 - Sargeant's, 7 Water st.. are dealers in fine
arts and Grecian paintings of figures, landscapes, and groups. (2)
21 - L Dec. 22: 1/4 - SATURDAY NIGHT, a beautiful engraving that would be
an ornament in any home, has been produced by the Cosmopolitan Art union for
its members. It may be seen in the music store window of J. P. Holbrook. (6)
ASSAULTS. See Robberies & Assaults
ASTRONOMY
22 - L Oct. 14: 1/6 - The exhibition and lectures at the Melodeon this
evening wi 11 furnish an interesting opportunity to those who del ight in
the science of astronomy. (1)
ASYLUMS. See Mental Diseases - Asylums
AUCTIONS & AUCTIONEERS
23 - L May 2: 3/2 - A large crowd gathered yesterday in front of Mollens.
The sale of unclaimed baggage was responsible. As the contents were not
known until after the baggage was purchased, the sale greatly resembled a
lottery. (4)
24 - L Aug. 7: 1/4 - At the city council meeting last night the city marshal
was directed to enforce the ordinance prohibiting the sale of property
at auction on the sidewalks. (2)
25 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - H. Matthews and Orlando Cutter were each fined $5
and costs yesterday on charges of violating the ordinance against selling
goods at auction in the streets. (1)
AUTHORS. SEE BOOKS & AUTHORS
AWARDS & CLAIMS
26 - L Jan. 3:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night it was resolved
that the sum of $491.44 be appropriated to Horace Foote. (1)
27 - L Mar. 27: 1/4 - At the meeting of the council on Mar. 25 a resolution
was passed authorizing the payment on Apr. 9 of the following claims for
salaries: Superintendent of education, $75; mayor $250; city clerk,
$200. Ninety-eight other such claims were authorized for payment. Claims
listed not for salaries will be paid Mar. 28 and 29. (6)
28 - L Apr. 5: 3/2 - At the city counci 1 meeting last night 35 claims were
authorized for payment. (2)
29 - L Apr. 9: 3/2 - At the city council meeting last night 24 claims
were authorized for payment. (2)
30 - L Apr. 12: 3/2 - At the city council meeting last night $98 was
3ppropriated to pay the claim of N. C. Baldwin, for the construction of a
stone culvert across Willson ave. at Brookpark rd. (3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 31 - 34
AWARDS & CLAIMS (Cont'd)
31 - L Apr. 23: 3/2 - At the ci ty council meeting last night it was
resolved that all claims hereafter referred to the committee on claims
are to be considered by that committee for a period of one week. (1)
32 - L June 4:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night an ordinance
was passed providing for the payment of claims. (1)
33 - L Oct. 1: 3/2 - At the city council meeting last night payment
of claims amounting to $13,000 was authorized. (2)
34 - L Oct. 29: 3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the
sum of $150 was appropriated to pay part of what is owed W. D. Watt,
for dredging. (1)
See also Damage Suits
5

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 42 - 50
BOOKBINDING (Cont'd)
42 - L Dec. 9: 1/4 - Mr. Mager in the Leader building is prepared to bind
HARPER'S, PUTMAN'S, or any other monthly in the best style, in
embossed covers or otherwise. (1)
BOOK STORES & STATIONERS
43 - L Feb. 14: 1/4 - The readers of the LEADER are not generally aware
that there is a bookstore at 88 Superior st., operated by C. H. Parsons. A
visit to this store is suggested. (3)
44 - L May 7:1/4 - J. B. Cobb and Company have completed the new front of
their store. With this improvement, their place of business now adds to its
centrality of position a pleasant and attractive exterior. The interior is even
more attractive. This fall they intend to enlarge their sphere of business
and usef ulness. (6)
45 - L Aug. 5; adv:2/1 - Messrs. Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington have
issued, in uniform style, their edition of Burlingame's speech of June 21.
Bound with the speech is a finished lithograph of the young orator. (2)
46 - L Aug. 16: 3/2 - People wishing to improve their handwriting should
call at the Bragg and Company's book store and see the magnificent display
of gold pens in their show case. (3)
47 - L Oct. 28: 1/4 - J. B. Cobb and Company, the long established and successful
book sellers in the American hotel building, appear to be opening
with a much larger stock of books than usual this fall. School, medical,
and scientific books, adapted to all classes of learners; those attendant
upon the public schools, colleges, medical, and other public lectures are
kept in large quantities, and are supplied to the city retail trade, and
to a large extent sold at wholesale to supply the colleges and schools in
the country. ( 4)
48 - L Nov. 8; adv:3/6 - J. E. Hopkins, 73 Superior st., wholesale and retail
dealer in every description of gold pens, cases, etc., also copper
plate engraver and printer. Wedding, visiting and business cards, addressed
envelopes, seals, etc., done to order. (1)
49 - L Nov. 27: 1/4 - One of our most enterprising and prosperous business
houses is the book publ ishing store of H. P. B. Jewett. Among some of his
latest importations are a variety of pocket and other diaries for 1857.
He has also the latest works of popular writers, novelists, philosophers,
historians, and poets.
(4)
50 - L Dec. 22; adv: 1/4 - A large collection of English bool{s, finely illustrated
and adopted for the holiday trade, may be had at J. B. Cobb and
Company. (1 )
7

12
Abstracts 77 - 84
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
BOOKS & AUTHORS (Cont'd)
It is sold by Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington.(3)
77 - L June 12: 1/4 - THE WIFE'S TRIALS is a story of a young heiress who
threw herself away on a young worthless, unappreciating, yet handsome
and attractive man. It tells of their every day difficulties. This book
is sold by Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington. (3)
78 - L June 13: 1/4 - CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT NATIONS is written by
Roussell. It offers a plan to present in juxtaposition the relative wealth,
knowledge, and morality of the Protestant and Catholic nations. This book
is sold by Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington. (3)
79 - L June 14: 1/4 - C. S. Bragg and Company, offers: LEARNING TO READ,
by Jacob Abbott, is a continuation of LEARNING TO THINK, and LEARNING TO
TALK. The three form a charming book for boys and girls.
THE LIFE AND TRAVELS OF HERODOTUS IN THE 5TH CENTURY BEFORE
CHRIST deals with the history, manners, religion, arts and social conditions of
various races of that period. MECHANIC'S TABLES by Charles H. Haswell
is a reference book for mechanics. (4)
80 - June 16:2/5 - Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington offer: Alfred Tennysun's
POETICAL WORKS, 75¢; LECTURES ON RHETORIC AND ORATORY by Edward
Channing, 75¢; MONALDI - A TALE by Washington Alliston, 75¢; THE AN­
GEL IN THE HOUSE, 75¢; MDlORIALS AND OTHER PAPERS, $1.50; RECENT
SPEECHES AND ADDRESSES OF THE HON. CHARLES SUMNER, $1.50; THE
EARNEST MAN by Mrs. C. C. Donant, $1; LIFE AND ADVENTURES OF ROBERT
DEXTER ROMAINE, $1.25; VASSAL MORTON, $1.25; STATES AND TERRI­
TORIES OF THE GREAT WEST; JULES GERARD THE LION KILLER; and
GABRIEL VANE, HIS FORTUNE, AND HIS FRIENDS. (9)
81 - L June 17: 1/4 - THE HUGUENOT EXILES is published by Harpers. It
deals with the bigotry of Louis IV and his intolerance toward the Protestant
portion of his subjects, the Hugenots. It is a record of events strictly
true and with its historical interest is blended many a lesson of profit.
This book is sold by C. S. Bragg and Company. (4)
82 - L June 23: 1/3 - Jewett, Proctor, and Worthington offer: HOI FOR
KANSAS; SIX MONTHS IN I{ANSAS, by a lady, 50¢; WAR IN KANSAS; and A
ROUGH TRIP TO THE BORDER, $1. 25. (2)
83 - L June 27: 1/5 - THE WHITE CHIEF by Capt. Reid, is a novel of the
last century in Mexico. To those who love the recital of stirring deeds and
the romance of times and place in which the author has located his scenes,
the book will prove an agreeable companion. DeWitt & Davenport are the publishers.
It is for sale by Hawks & Brothers. (2)
84 - L June 27: 1/5 - LLOYD'S STEAMBOAT DIRECTORY is not only quite valuable
for reference, but also entertaining to the reader. It contains an account
of the early history of steam as a motor. Published by Jas. O. LLoyd and

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 85 - 94
BOOKS & AUTHORS (Cont'd)
Company. The book is sold by Hawks and Company. t2)
85 - L June 30: 3/2 - THE WANDERER is published by E. D. Lang. It tells
the story of a wanderer of the globe who wanders into the affection of a
young lady. This occasions both of them no little trouble. This book is
sold by Hawks and Brothers. (1)
86 - L July 23: 1/5 - APPLETON'S RAILWAY AND STEAM NAVIGATION GUIDE
FOR THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA contains much aid for travelers.
This guide is sold for 15 cents. (2)
87 - L Aug. 8: 1/5 - The TRIBUNE'S edition of THE LIFE OF FREMONT is a
campaign document. Those who have read the larger works should not fail
to read this one, too. This book and THE HOME JOURNAL and PARLOR
CASKET are sold by Hawks and Brothers. (2)
88 - L Aug. 13:3/2 - LIFE OF COLONEL FREMONT is written by Bigelow.
It is a work which all Republicans should have. It contains some of the
points in dispute betwepn the "Fremonters" and their opponents and is prompt
with the full facts and evidence in each case. This book is sold by J. B.
Cobb and Company. (3)
89 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - A new novel of pioneer life, published by W. P. Tetridge
and Company, is well worth reading. This book is sold by J. B. Cobb
and Company. (3)
90 - L Sept. 1: 1/5 - OVER ONE THOUSAND MISTAKES CORRECTED - LIVE
AND LEARN, is written for all who wish to speak and write correctly. This
book is sold by J. B. Cobb and Company, and by Hawks and Brothers. (3)
91 - L Sept. 5: 3/2 - ENGLISH TR.\ILS is written by Ralph Waldo Emerson.
In LIFE IN THE ITINERANCY: IN ITS RELATION TO THE CIRCUIT AND
THE STATION, AND TO THE MINISTER'S HOME AND FAMILY, it has been
the writer's aim to furnish the public with a true sketch of life in the
itinerant ministry. These books are sold by H. P. B. Jewett. (8)
92 - L Sept. 13: 1/4 - DRED is written by Mrs. Stowe. It is a tale of the
great dismal swamp and thought to be as interesting as UNCLE TOM'S CABIN.
This book is sold by C. S. Bragg and Company. (4)
93 - L Oct. 1: 1/4 - J. B. Cobb and Company offer: THREE PER CENT A
MONTH OR THE PERILS OF FAST LIVING, by Charles Burdett; LIFE OF
PRINCE TALLEYRAND, by Charles K. McHarg; and WESTERN BORDER LIFE
or WHAT FANNY HUNTER SAID AND HEARD IN KANSAS AND MISSOURI. (5)
94 - L Oct. 2: 1/4 - THE LIFE OF GENERAL DANIEL MORGAN OF THE ARMY
OF THE UNITED STATES, by James Graham, and THE LIFE OF GEORGE
WASHINGTON, by J. T. Headley. These books are sold by J. B. Cobb and
Company. (8)
13

14
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 95 - 105
BOOKS & AUTHORS (Cont'd)
95 - L Oct. 2: 3/1 - VICTORIA or THE WORLD OVERCOME by Caroline Chesebro.
This book is sold by J. B. Cobb and Company. (3)
96 - L Oct. 3: 2/3 - LIFE OF THOMAS MORRIS is wri tten by B. F. Morris. It
is of recent publication. "The work is well written and highly creditable
to the editor. It should be in the hands of every lover of his country and
of free institutions." (5)
97 - L Oct. 3:3/2 - DAISY'S NECKLACE AND WHAT BECAME OF IT by T. B.
Aldrich. This book is sold by J. B. Cobb and Company. (2)
98 - L Oct. 7: 1/4 - THE HILLS OF THE SHATEMUE by Miss Warren.
is sold by H. P. B. Jewett.
This book
(3)
99 - L Oct. 11:3/2 - THE GOLDEN DRAGON; or UP AND DOWN THE IRRAWADDI
by an American. This book is sold by J. B. Cobb and Company. (3)
100 - L Oct. 13:3/2 - THE CONQUEST OF I{ANSAS by William Phillips. This
book is sold by C. S. Bragg and Company, and J. B. Cobb and Company. (3)
101 - L Oct. 22: 1/4 - THE CURSE ENTAILED is written by Harriet Hamline
Bigelow. The authcr would say to those who, on reading it, may find themselves
alluded to, that no harm is intended to them; and if they say nothing
about it, no harm will result. This book is sold by Isaac Bigelow. (3)
102 - L Nov. 8: 1/6 - DRED is written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN. It is a tale of the dismal swamp. Mrs. Stowe needs no
introduction to the world of letters. Her UNCLE TOM'S CABIN reached a sale
of nearly 400, 000 copies in the rnited States, and in England its success
was even more universal than in this country. On the continent it was tr?nslated
into every written language, and it has been read by all the nations
between the German ocean and the Bosphorus, from the Spanish peninsula to
Siberia.
The announcement of a new work by the same author will be hailed with delight
by the mi 11 ions that followed the changing fortunes of "Uncle Tom".
Two volumes; price $1. '/5. These books are sold by J. B. Cobb and Company.
(3)
103 - L Nov. 11:3/2 - MARION BERNARD or LESSONS OF LIFE by J. F.
Smith. It is a new novel publis:;ed by Garrett, Dick and Fitzgerald. This
book is sold by Hawks and Brothers. (2)
104 - L Nov. 18: 1/4 - A LORD OF CREATION, a most charming story, is sold
by John. P. Jewett and Company of Boston, and H. B. Jellett of this city.
(1)
105 - L Nov. 18: 1/4 . THE RIFLE, AXE, AND SADDLE BAGS by William
Hanry Milburn contains a graphic description of the pioneers of the great
west. This book is sold by J. B. Cobb and Company. (5)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 127 - 138
BRAWLS & FIGHTS (Cont'd)
127 - L July 7: 3/2 - A row amongst a crowd of boys and men near the dock of
the Detroit steamer was started when one boy hit another with a piece of
coal. A man slapped the boy but a sai lor came to his aid and threatened
the man. Each charged the other with interference. (2)
128 - L July 25: 1/5 - Fred Englebraugh was sent to jai 1 yesterday for 14
days for being drunk and fighting with his wife. (1)
129 - L July 28: 1/3 - The United Brethren of Christ, a German Protestant
church, was holding an open air meeting when Mr. Baumbuagh, a German Cathol ie,
and others rushed the stage and chased the preacher. They were stopped by
the police before any serious injury could be done. (3)
130 - L Aug. 19: 3/2 - A row and free fight occurred on Centre st. yesterday.
The dark shadows in that locality exercised in a general melee, and the
result was, much dust, considerable noise, and confusion. (1)
131 - L Sept. 6:3/2 - A row occurred Sept. 4 in a dance house owned by a Mr.
Baker on Center st. After the usual hard words and fisticuffs, a knife was
drawn and one person was severely stabbed. The keeper of the place and two
of the fighters were arrested. (3)
132 - L Sept. 20:3/2 - Peter Gallagher was sent to prison for five days
yesterday for fighting. (1)
133 - L Oct. 3:3/2 - Edward Clemas was fined 3 dollars and costs yesterday
for raising a row. (1)
134 - L Oct. 18: 1/4 - Yesterday at the foot of Superior st. a street fight,
caused by some business disagreements and law-suits, resulted in an attorney-at-law
being beaten by another gentleman. (2)
135 - L Dec. 23: 1/4 - Jacob Short, alias Jacob Fisher, was sent to jail for
five days yesterday, for creating a disturbance and fighting. (1)
See also Duels & Dueling; Mobs & Riots
BREAKWATERS. See Rivers & Harbors
BRIDGES
136 - L Jan. 31: 1/4 - Yesterday Clark Heald was fined $5 for violating
the bridge ordinance. (1)
137 - L Feb. 1: 1/4 - Dwight Palmer was fined $5.71 yesterday for violating
the bridge ordinance. (1)
138 - L Feb. 1: 1/4 - James Payne was fined $5.71 yesterday for vio1ating the
bridge ordinance. (1)
17

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 191 - 202
BURGLARIES (Cont' d)
191 _ L May 1:3/2 - Frederick Hamrich, held on a charge of burglary, was
discharged yesterday. (1)
192 - L May 1:3/2 - Loran Tenyche and William H. Harrison were held to bail
in the some of $500 each yesterday, to appear at next term of common pleas.
They are charged with burglary. (1)
193 - L May 5:3/2 - At three a. m. on May 3 George R. Bronson discovered a
man in his room at the American House. After the intruder fired several
shots, none of which hit their mark, Bronson captured him. He deserves
much praise for his courage. (6)
194 - L Aug. 5: 1/5 - Thieves seem to have grown unusually daring of late.
The premises of many citizens have been entered under cover of darkness and
robbed of articles of value. Even the residence of the chief of police was
honored by a call from one of these visitors. Substantial bolts on the inside
of each door and a salute of cold lead are the effectual methods of
making a man's house his castle. (4)
195 - L Aug. 6: 1/4 - The home of Henry Child, Huron st. was entered Aug. 3
by burglars, who escaped with $130. (5)
196 - L Aug. 30: 3/2 - The St. Nicholas restaurant was entered Aug. 28 by
burglars, who stole $15 in change, two boxes of cigars, two bottles of wine,
a few articles of clothing, and the key to the store. (1)
197 - L Sept. 17: 1/5 - Henry Smith, charged with burglary, was discharged
yesterday. (1)
198 - L Oct. 1: 1/4 - The rooms occupied by Mrs. Statts as a residence and
millinery shop, in Schofield's new block, on the corner of Euclid and Erie,
were entered and ransacked by burglars on Sept. 29. (3)
199 - L Oct. 8:3/2 - John Mahan, charged with breaking a lock, was
discharged yesterday. (1)
200 - L Nov. 3:3/2 - The wholesale dry goods house of Dudley Brothers
and Dodge, 37 Water St., was entered on the night of Oct. 30. The burglars
took 20 or 30 pieces of silk and many other articles. (2)
201 - L Nov. 14:3/2 - W. W. Chandler on Johnson st. found the front
door of his home open this morning, and his gold watch and chain missing.
The door was opened by turning the key with nippers from the outside. (2)
202 - L Nov. 27: 1/4 - During the past two weeks a series of daring
burglaries has been committed, by a person or persons unknown, upon the
premises of several soap and candle manufactories on Canal st. Something
should be done to rid the city of these rascals. (5)
23

24
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 203 - 211
Burglaries (Cont'd)
203 - L Nov. 28: 1/4 - Anabel Lamartine was held in bail in the sum
of $500 yesterday for his appearance at the court of common pleas. He
is charged with breaking into a shop and stealing tools. (1)
204 - L Dec. 9: 1/4 - The shop of William Austin, a shoemaker on Graham st.,
was broken into on Dec. 7, and about $30 worth of shoes stolen. (2)
BUSINESS EDUCATION. See Education - Commercial
BUS & STAGE LINES
205 - L Jan. 15: 1/4 - H. S. Stevens of the City Omnibus line has a new
carriage built for the convenience of citizens. It is capable of accomodating
six persons. The charge is 25¢' to any part of the city. (2)
206 - L Apr. 28:3/2 - In a letter to the editor, "A Traveler" says:
An error having disagreeable consequences occurred at 'in eating-house In
Cleveland. After traveling all night on a bus, the passengers stopped
here to eat breakfast, being assured that the bus would not leave before
eight a. m. However, at five minutes of eight, the passengers were told
the bus had gone.
This error should be called to the attention of the bus company, as
it meant loss of time to the travelers, and possibly the loss of their
ba2gage. (4)
207 - L Nov. 4: 1/4 - H. S. Stevens, Esq., proprietor of the Ci tj
Omnibus lines, has, with others, secured the contract for staging
on the Tehuantepec route, for the coming five years.
"We wish, for Mr. Stevens and his associates, that they find their
enterprise as profitl'lble as they desire." (2)
208 - L Dec. 31: 1/4 - All persons desiring the service of the City Omnibus
line to convey their daughters to and from the seminary are notified in
pursuance of an arrangement between the seminary and the Cit) Omnibus co.
that after this date the fare for each term will be required in advance,
and for which a season ticket will be issued. (3)
BUTCHERS
209 - L May 7:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night W. Jenkins
was granted a license to operate a meat market. (1)
210 - L Sept. 3:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night a
license to keep a meat market on Ontario st. WClS granted W. Probert. (i)
211 - L Oct. 29:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night jost'ph
Howe was granted a license to keep a meat market on the corner of Pearl
and Detroit st. (2)
See also Packing Industry

26
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 219 - 226
CELEBRATIONS & FESTIVALS (Cont'd)
Tho Scotch by birth yet by his lay,
He's mankind's poet."
"Festival was one of the pleasantest of the season, and may every
succeedinb anniversary be equally as pleasant and successful." (14)
See also Fairs & Expositions; Social Events
CEMETERIES
219 - L Feb. 2:2/3 - There were 7:) interments in the city cemeteries during
January. Adults, 35; chi ldren, 40; males, 43; females, 32. (1)
220 - L May 2: 3/2 - There were 106 interments during Apri 1. Adults, 32;
children, 74; males, 55; females, 51. The deaths in Cleveland were
caused by the following diseases: Puerperal fever, I; pleurisy, I;
debility, 2; fits, 6; disentery, 2; consumption, 16; suicide, 1; drowning,
2; dropsey, 1; typhoid fever, 6; water on brain, 2; del'lth by fall, I;
congestive chi lIs, 1; canker, I; teething, 2; whooping cough, 3; croup, 7;
infla!l1ation of bowels, 2; inflamation of 1 iver, 2; inflamatio!1 of brain, 6;
inflamation of stomach, 1; killed by railroad cars, 1; scarlet fever, 6;
premature, 14; not reported, 4. (3)
221 - L June 3:1/4 - The annual report of J. A. Craw, city sexton, shows
that there were 68 interments in the various cemeteries during May:
Adults, 20; children, 48; male, 26; female, 42. (4)
222 - L June 9: 1/4 - It is suggested that at this time of the year no
place of resort for an evenings walk has more interest than the spot on
Erie st. devoted to the sacred purpose of burial for tbe dead. It has been
fitted for its intended purpose with care. A thousand sweet thoughts are
clustered around this resting place. Instinctively, we feel that there
can be no final sleep and lingering by the silent mansions of the dead.
We take courage that there is hope in the future. (7)
223 - L Aug. 2: 1/5 - During the month of July there have been 139 interments
in the several cemeteries: Woodland cemetery, 14; City cemetery,
34; West side cemetery, 28; Catholic cemetery, 63. (4)
224 - L Sept. 2: 3/2 - There have been 179 interments in the several cemeteries
from July I to July 31, inclusive: Woodland cemetery, 26; City
cemetery, 57; West side cemetery, 31; and Catholic cemetery, 61. (4)
225 - L Oct. 3: 1/3 - There have been 138 interments in the severa I cemeteries
during the month of September: Woodland, I); City, 39; West side,
37; and Cathol ic, 44. (4)
226 - L Oct. 16: 1/4 - At the ci ty counci 1 meeting last night the committee
on public grounds was directed to report names for avenues in Woodland
cemetery. (l)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 227 - 234
CEMETERIES (Cont' d)
227 - L Nov. 3:1/4 - There have been 102 interments in the several cemeteries
from Oct. 1 to 31 inclusive: Woodland cemetery, 15; city, 33;
west side, 29; and Catholic, 25. (4)
228 _ L Dec. 3:1/4 - There have been 77 interments in the several cemeteries
from Nov. 1 to 30, as follows: Woodland cemetery, 15; City
cemetery, 22; West side cemetery, 19; Catholic cemetery, 21. (4)
CENSUS & POPULATION
229 - L Dec. 30; ed:2/1 - The Philadelphia BULLETIN estimates that the
representative population throughout the Union in 1860 will be about
31,000,000; slave-states, 11,000,000.
The estimated number of representatives is 234" the ratio of apportionment
to be about 132,000, and the House of Representatives to consist of
151 l'epresentatives from free-states and 83 from slave-states; "If the
calculations of the BULLETIN are correct, the Presidential Electors for
1860 will number 298, of whom 185 will be from Free-States and 113 from
Slave-States. " (6)
See also Slavery
CHILDREN
230 - L Mar. 13:1/4 - The next meeting for boys at the Grays armory is
on Mar. 15. The preliminary meeting on Mar. 10 was attended by 229 boys
between the ages of nine and 16. (2)
231 - L Mar. 18: 1/4 - Over 350 boys congregated at Grays armory on Mar.
15. All spectators were requested to leave for lack of room. It is
hoped they will soon be out on parade. (2)
232 - L May 23; ed:1/4 - James Williams, eight or ten, was picked up by
police having been found sleeping in the streets. On being questioned, he
stated that his father had died ten days ago and his mother three days
later. Not having any friends, he had no place to go. When asked where
he wanted to go he named the poor house.
"In this world of changes, ups and downs, we cannot always tell whose
children may be left thus alone in a dark world, with no mother's prayers
and father's protection to shield them from its vices and its sorrows."
(3)
233 - L May 27:3/2 - Over 200 boys went through military exercises on
University Heights under the direction of Captain Paddock. It is designed
to have them march through the principal streets on July 4 for the inspection
of all interested. (1)
234 _ L June 12; ed:3/2 - "Are the parents in this city aware of the evils
to which destitute children are every day subjected? Do they know the
temptations to lie, steal and cheat constantly placed before them ..• ?
27

28
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 235 - 239
CHILDREN (Cont'd)
What is to be done? Every hour in the ci ty is a prison which is seal ing
such young offenders to a life of infamy and disgrace. The ragged school
gives some of them instructions on Sunday, and Satan the remaining six
days of the week. Some have no parents - are proud and will not beg, and
think it is with them to steal or starve." (9)
235 - L Aug. 6: 3/2 - A number of boys were arrested yesterday for immodest
behavior while bathing. (3)
See also Juveni Ie Delinquency; Penal & Corrective Institutions; Welfare
CHURCHES & SECTS
236 - L Feb. 4; ed: 3/2 - Although the weather is bi tterly cold there has
been a good attendance at the different churches. The air within the
churches, though, felt the same as out of doors.
"Cannot churches be thoroughly warmed? If furnaces wi 11 not do it, large
stoves should be used (even if in so doing, they broke the Sabbath day.)· (7)
L Mar. 8:2/1 - See Temperance
237 - L Mar. 15; ed:2/2 - Much has been said and written about the various
religious denominations in this country. Their wealth and resources are
but imperfectly known. In truth, people place money before God. People
are always in a hurry. They work fast, eat fast, and worship fast. There
are 20 religious sects in America without considering the Mormon or the
Chinese Buddhist, and 36,000 places of worship. The most numerous sects
are the Methodist, Baptist, and Presbyterian.
The smallest denomination is the Swedenborgian. The richest is the
Methodist.
"It is absurd to suppose that any religious denomination can, through
agencies of its money, overturn our liberties, as the richest of them
possess less than one seven hundredth of the aggregate wealth of the
country." (16)
L Apr. 23; ed:2/3 - See Latin America
L May 12; ed: 2/1 - See Latin America
L Ju1y 28: 1/3 - See Brawls & Fights
238 - L Oct. 4:3/2 - The children of the free schools of this city will
furnish articles for the necessary stock for a fair to be held on Oct. 7
at the old Johnson hall in an effort to raise funds to liquidate the debts
of the Bethel church. (4)
239 - L Oct. 7:3/2 - The entrances to the Bethel church fair are through
the Johnston house, Superior st., and by way of the old entrance on
Frankfort st. (1)

32
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 260 - 269
CHURCHES & SECTS - Clergy (Cont'd)
260 - L Dec. 5; ed:2/2 - The Egyptian press have had a great deal to say
lately about political preaching, and a great deal of horror has been
manufactured in order to prejudice the public mind against certain ministers
of the gospel who believe it an important part of the duty of a
Christian minister to denounce sin in whatever form wherever he may find
it. If christianity is to be vitalized among us, it will be done by those
fearless thunderers of the pulpit who strip from gigantic sin the garb of
political protection. If religion is to become a rotten hypocrisy powerless
for good and sold to the devil, it will be through the influence of
these very men who writhe so terribly when the truth comes from the pulpit.
(16)
261 - L Dec. 18: 3/2 - Friends of the Reverend Eells are planning to hold an
informal social gathering at his residence, 55 Prospect st., this evening.
(1)
Congrega tiona 1
262 - L Jan. 12: 3/1 - The sixth lecture, "Signs of the Times," wi 11 be
given tomorrow at the Plymouth church, formerly the Wesleyan chapel. (1)
263 - L Jan, 26: 3/2 - The seventh lecture of the course on "Signs of the
Times" will be delivered tomorrow by the Rev. J. C. White lIf Plymouth
church. (2)
264 - L Feb. 9: 1/4 - The Rev. J. C. White of Plymouth church will deliver
his eighth talk on "The Signs of the Times" tomorrow. (1)
265 - L Mar. 15: 1/4 - The twelfth lecture of the course on "The Signs of
the Times" will be delivered at the Plymouth church by the Rev. J. C.
White.
Protestantism in comparison to other systems wi 11 be considered. (1)
266 - L Apr. 26:3/2 - "Signs of the Times" will be the topic for discussion
when the Reverend White opens his Sabbath evening lecture course
tomorrow night. (1)
267 - L May 17:3/2 - The lecture. "The Duties and Dangers of Young Men of
the Present Time,' a continuation of the last one, will be delivered at the
Plymouth church tomorrow evening. (1)
268 - L May 24:3/2 - The pastor of the Plymouth Congregational church will
continue tomorrow evening on the subject, "Dangers arising from the
Theater, Ball Room, and Society of Females." (1)
269 - L June 7: 1/4 - "The Duties of Young Men," especially at the present
time and in our own country wi 11 be the subject of the discourse tomorrow
evening at the Plymouth church. This will terminate the series of lectures
for young men. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 270 • 276
CHURCHES & SECTS - Congregational (Cont'd)
270 • L June 10:1/4 - The Reverend White delivered the last in a series
of lectures to young men at the Plymouth church last evening. He spoke
on "The Duties and Responsibilities of the Young Men of Our Country,"
stating that the freedom granted by heaven had been stolen from them, and
that young men should strive for the highest possible physical development.
It is the duty of young men to strengthen themselves agaInst the
aggression of brute strength. He then spoke on intellectual training,
saying he did not believe that young men should read too much, lest they
become intellectually dyspeptic.
In regard to young men developing their moral nature, he said, "Moral
nature is as much to be recognized and provided for as the intellectual
or physical nature." They study and practice the precepts of the
Bible, cultivate a fond affection for their families, fix their affections
early and establish a home, and study their political duty not with the
eye of a professional politician, but as a responsible, intelligent
American citizen. (18)
271 - L June 25: 1/5 - The public installation of the Rev. James C. White
will take place at the Plymouth church tomorrow evening. Several out-oftown,
clergymen will take part in the ceremonies. (2)
272 - L July 4:1/4 - A council of ministers and delegates of the various
local congregational churches convened at the chapel of the Plymouth
church June 26. The object of this meeting was the examination and installation
was given by the Rev. James- C. White.
The prayer of installation was given by the Reverend Mr. Kitchell of
Detroi t. (21)
273 - L Nov. 1: 1/4 - Services will be held at the Plymouth Congregational
church, Euc1 id st., tomorrow morning and evening.
The Rev. J. C. White, pastor, will officiate. " (1)
274 - L Nov. 20: 1/4 - Religious servies, appropriate to Thanksgiving day,
will be held by the Plymouth Congregation society at their chapel, Euc1 id
st., today at 11 a.m. (1)
Episcopal
275 - L Jan. 15: 1/4 - A beautiful pulpit, erected by Mr. Blackburn, was
installed in the Grace church. It adds very much to the general beauty
of the house, and it will be of great convenience to the rector, the
Reverend Dr. Perry, in whose name it stands.
"The most elegant piece of workmanship that we know of." (1)
276 - L Jan. 16: 3/2 - In yesterday's notice of the new pulpi t presented
to Grace church we casually omitted the word associate before rector, as
Mr. Carter and Mr. Perry are associated in the rectorship of this church. (2)
33

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 286 - 292
CHURCHES & SECTS - Episcopal (Coni.'d)
into the hands of an individual at a sacrifice of one-half the amount the
trustees have been offered for it, it will not be our fault. What motives
could have induced the charges against us involving not only our
reputation as trustees but our character as men of integrity and moral
honesty, we will not undertake to say. The public can best judge for
themselves. (Signed) John Wheeler, Harvey Hunt, Edwin C. French, Trustees
of Grace church parish. (15)
286 - L Nov. 20: 1/5 - A communication written up in this paper yesterday
and signed by John Wheeler. Harvey Hunt, and Edwin C. French, trustees of
Grace church, represented that they were unanimously authorized to do
certain acts at a vestry meeting of Grace church held May 31. Urgent
remonstrances, without avai 1., were made against the very acts referred to
at the meeting. C. 1. Woolson, S. H. WebJ?, E. W. Palmer, Wm. Lawson
Carter, D. E. Field, Geo. F. Marshall offered to payoff half the debts
of the church to prevent the sale of the property, but the named trustees
are ignoring everything and going ahead with the sale. (18)
287 - L Nov. 29: 3/2 - Until further notice, St. Paul's church at the
corner of Eucl id and Sheriff sts. wi 11 be open '5unday afternoons instead
of evenings. (2)
288 - L Dec. 3: 1/4 - An interesting discourse was delivered Nov. 30 at the
Trinity church. This discourse was founded on the 23rd verse of the tenth
chapter of Jeremiah, "0 Lord, I know that the way of man is not in himself;
it is nut in man that walketh to direct his steps." (8)
289 - L Dec. 5: 1/4 - In the discourse at the Trinity church on Nov. 30, the
reverend speaker stressed the idea that under our system of government one
is taught from his early childhood that a degree of absolute sovereignty
rests in him. Under this teaching, claimed the speaker, one comes easily
and unconsciously to place too much reliance upon his own efforts and too
Ii ttle reliance upon the directing hand of a superintending providence.
(7)
290 - L Dec. 6: 3/2 - The Reverend Dr. Perry wi 11 lecture on "The Young
Ruler's Inquiry" tomorrow evening at the Grace church. (1)
Jewish
291 - L Jan. 5: 1/4 - The consecration ceremonies of "Tifereth Israel" at
Huron and Pittsburgh sts. took place yesterday. It is a plain but handsome
place of worship. The adherents to the Mosaic laws now have as
pleasant a place to celebrate rites as those of any in the west. (2)
292 - L Apr. 26: 1/4 - Jewish citizens are now celebrating the commemoration
feast of the passover. This year it extends from Apr. 20 to Apr. 27.
The faith must be strong which, amid 2000 years of sweeping desolation of
their tribes, still clings to the promises of Israel's ancient glory. (3)
35

36
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 293 - 300
CHURCHES & SECTS (Cont'd)
Lutheran
293 - L Oct. 6: 1/4 - Workmen are moving the Lutheran church edifice from
Bond st. to its new location on Bolivar st. (1)
Methodist Episcopal
294 - L Jan. 7:3/1 - A literary festival will be held at the Methodist
Episcopal church on Perry st., Jan. 9.
A lecture on poetry wi 11 be given by the Reverend Mr. Li ttle of the St.
Clair st. Methodist Episcopal church. (1)
295 . L Jan. 19: 2/2 - The new Methodist Episcopal church on Bridge st.
will be dedicated tomorrow. The dedication sermon will be delivered in the
afternoon by the Reverend Dr. Thomson, president of Ohio Wesleyan Unive)sity.
The Reverend W. B. Disbro will officiate at the evening sermon. (1)
296 - L Feb. 4: 1/4 - A public meeting of citizens will be held at the
Wesleyan church, Euclid ave. tonight. Sentiments on the rights to free
suffrage will be expressed. (1)
L Feb. 6; ed: 2/2 - See Slavery
297 - L May 31:1/4 - The Ladies' Home Missionary society will hold its
annual meeting on June 2. (2)
298 . L June 7:2/3 - The second annual meeting of the 'Ladies Home Missionary
society was held on June 3, at the St. Clair st. Methodist church. A.
W. Brockway was appointed chairman and R. F. Humiston, secretary. A
prayer was offered by the Rev. Dillon Prosser. The nominating committee
reported the following nominations for the coming year: President, Mrs.
Whitney; vice president, Mrs. Hale; secretary, E. S. Buffett; treasurer,
Mrs. 1. A. Cooke; board of managers, Mrs. Foljambe, Mrs. Powers, Mrs.
Barnes, Mrs. Pond, and Mrs. Rogers. The secretary's and treasurer's reports
were given. The choir then rendered a few selections. (23)
299 - L July 21:3/2 . The Ladies' Home Missionary society announces that
Mrs. Barnes, Mrs. Pond, Mrs. Rogers, and Mrs. Milrble have been appointed
to solicit for the Ragged school for the present year. (1)
300 - L Sept. 6:3/2 - The Methl)dist Episcopal church, at the corner of
Wood and St Clair st., is undergoing repairs. Temporary services will be
held in Chapin's hall, at the corner of Euclid st., and Public Square.
(1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 301 - 309
CHURCHES & SECTS - Methodist Episcopal (Cont'd)
301 - L Sept. 27: 1/4 - The general conference of the Wesleyan Methodist
connection meets in this city Oct. 1 in the Wesleyan chapel on Euclid st.
302 - L Oct. 2: 1/3 - The connection of churches known as the Wesleyan
Methodist connection, whose general conference is now in session in this
city, was organized in the year 1843 and owes its being to the anti-slavery
movements which has, on its onward march, wrought so many changes in
civil and ecclesiastical affairs. (5)
303 - Oct. 2:3/2 - The fourth general conference of the Wesleyan Methodists
connection of America convened in the Wesleyan chapel, Euclid st.
It was organized by the election of the Rev. Luther Lee as president, and
the Rev. John McE 1downy, secretary. (2)
304 - L Oct. 3: 3/2 - The session of the Wesleyan Methodist conference,
which met yesterday, was introduced by the usual devotional exercises.
The standing commi ttee is as follows:
Pastoral address - W. H. Brewster, R. McCune, and D. G. Cartwright;
conference records - A. W. Curits, G. Dunham, and M. Fink; missions -
S. H. Chase, j. Croker, and E. jones. (4)
305 - L Oct. 3:3/2 - The Rev. D. D. Douglass of New York will preach this
evening at the Wesleyan chapel, Euclid st. Tomorrow evening, the Rev.
james Paxton of Indiana will deliver the sermon. (1)
306 - L Oct. 6:3/2 - At the Wesleyan Methodist general conference held on
Oct. 4, the order of the day was to elect the editor, agent, and corresponding
editors of the denominational paper. The results were as follows:
Edi tor of the WESLEYAN AND JUVENILE INSTRUCTOR, the Rev. Cyrus Prindee;
agent of the book concern, the Rev. H. B. Knight; corresponding editors,
the Rev. 1. C. Matlack, L. Lee, and W. H. Brewster. (10)
307 - L Oct. 8: 1/4 - At the Wesleyan Methodist general conference Oct. 6
resolutions were adopted condemning the use of tobacco, condemning the
use of intoxicating liquors, against slavery, and against war and secret
societies. (16)
308 - L Nov. 12:3/2 - The Ladies' Home Missionary society received a box
of goods from Newburgh, and also one from Richfield, where not only adult
persons have become interested in our Ragged school, but little girls
have met and plied the needle for the little needy ones among us. (2)
309 - L Dec. 9:3/2 - The Ladies' Home Missionary society will hold a fair
for the benef i t of the Ragged School on Dec. 16 at the Gray's armory,
Superior st. (2)
37
(2)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31. 1856
Abstracts 316 - 322
CHURCHES & SECTS - Mormons (Cont'd)
316 - L Nov. 13; ed: 2/1 - "Brigham Young has been preaching a sermon to
the faithful, in which he growls about Congress meddling with the peculiar
insti tution ••••
Brigham thinks it comes with an ill-grace from Congress to reprove his
followers for appropriating more than one wife apiece, and intimates
very pointedly that for men engaged in holding slaves, and extending the
damnable system over the free territories of the natiQn, the less said
about social and political iniquity the better.... No sooner does the
American citizen at home or abroad raise his voice against any great
crime, or national or social evil, than the sin of slavery, and the guilty
policy pursued by the government in the hands of the democrats, with re­
spect to its extension, is thrown in his teeth, and he is silenced at
once. We must purge the government of this great wickedness before we
can expect the Mormon to heed our reproaches." (8)
317 - L Dec. 11: 1/4 - The third course of the Library association lectures
will be delivered by toe Han. Josiah Quincy, jr., of Boston, tomorrow
at eight p.m. at Chapin's hall. The subject is "Joe Smith and the
Mormons." (4)
Presbyterian
318 - L Feb. 27: 1/4 - The installation of the Rev. J. A. Thome as pastor
of the First Presbyterian church, west side, will take place tonight. The
Reverends Aiken, Morgan, and Walker will take part in the ceremonies. (8)
319 - L June 10: 3/2 - The presbytery of Cleveland wi 11 meet in Newburgh
today to install the Rev. W. C. Turner as pastor of that church. The
Rev. T. H. Hawks will preach the sermon.
In the even i ng the i nstalla t ion of the Rev. John Monte i th, j r., of the
Euclid st. church, wi 11 take place. The program is as follows: prayer
by the Reverend W. C. Turner, sermon by the Reverend Dr. Hitchcock of
Western Reserve college, installing prayer by the Rev. J. W. Shaws; and
charge to the pastor by the Reverend Dr. Samuel C. Aiken. (3)
320 - L Aug. 11: 1/5 - Workmen are engaged in putting a new finish upon the
spire of the Second Presbyterian church on Superior st. (1)
321 - L Aug. 12: 1/4 - The sermon of the Reverend Mr. Eells in the Second
Presbyterian church, Aug. 10, was listened to with great attention by
his audience. His subject was "And After the Fire a Still Small Voice."
(13)
322 - L Aug. 13: 3/2 - J. M. Smith, assisted by the choir of the congregation,
will give a concert in the basement of the associate Presbyterian
church on Erie st. tonight at seven o'clock. (2)
39

44
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 352 - 358
CITY GOVERNMENT (Cont'd)
lowest bid. It became apparent, however, that neither the lowest bid nor
the largest circulation were to be considered. The HERALD, whose bid was
the highest, was awarded the contract.
"We care little for the profits involved in the case.... But by far the
most important point involved is the establishing of the principle on which
rests the monstrous doctrine, that no obligation, however explicit and
formal, can be binding on a council. The only parallel to this shameless
and outrageous breach of faith is to be found in the conduct of the Popes
of Rome. They are strange models for Cleveland councilmen to copy after!"
(22)
352 - L May 15:2/2 - At a meeting of the council on May 13 the selection
of a ci ty printer was made. The cl:oice lay between the LEADER and the
HERALD. In the discussion that preceded the selection, Wallace wished to
know upon what authority Herrick supposed an election of city printer could
be held. On the final motion the HERALD was selected by a vote of 13 to
three. (13)
353 - L May 16; ed: 2/2 - The HERALD states that a person unknown to the
bidders decided tnat the HERALD bid for city printing was the lowest. It
claims that there is no need for further investigation and no room for
diversity of opinion. The assertion of this nameless but competent judge
is at variance with the opinion of every printer in Cleveland. As direct
proof of our contention we print the bid made by this paper.
"We submi t the above statement of facts to the taxpayer of our over
taxed city, and here we are content to let the matter rest." (11)
354 - L June 11:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night French, Rice
and Company were granted the use of the ground at the foot of Light House st.
(1)
355 - L June 18:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the city
solicitor was excused from committee service. (1)
356 - L June 25:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the city
clerk was authorized to publish recent laws concerning the incorporation
of cities. (1)
357 - L Aug. 14:3/2 - The HERALD defen.:is the city council in its manner of
handling sealed bids for contract work, by which the councilmen are often
able to give the work to their friends instead of to the lowest bidder.
The HERALD should, for it got the printing contract even though its bid
was 20 to 25 per cent higher than that of the LEADER. (14)
358 - L Sept. 17:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the city
solicitor was directed to take such steps as shodl be requisite for the
removal of so much of the building of W. Schofield as encroaches upon
property of the city.
the
(3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 376 - 383
CLOTHING TRADE (Cant 'd)
376 - L Oct. 21:3/2 - O. Cutter and Son will sell a superior lot of fine
clothing at their auction rooms at ten o'clock this morning. Since this
clothing is to be sold by the single garment, now is a good opportunity
to purchase wearing apparel at cheap prices. (2)
377 - L Nov. 8: 3/5 - To The Polls! To The Polls!!! Notice to Voters!!!!
As many bets of clothing have been made on the results of the presidential
election, we would request those gentlemen who expect to get new
clothing at the expense of some of their friends to call at Isaac A.
Isaacs' magnifient Union Hall as soon as possible and leave their orders.
We have just received an extra stock of new overcoating, clothers, gosaimeres,
and vestings expressly for this occasion. We expect a tremendous
rush and invite everybody, voters and non-voters, to visit our splendid
emporium of fashion. Isaac A. Isaacs, corner of Superior and Union sts.
"Look out for the Grants." (3)
378 - L Nov. 11; adv: 1/2 - All persons wishing superior shirb made 10 the
latest style, insuring a perfect fit, call at 39 Walnut st. (1)
379 - L Nov. 18: 3/2 - Visitors at the state fair last September could
hardly have failed to notice the superb array of clothing exhibited by the
renowned Isaacs. He out-distanced all competitors in carrying off the
honors of the occasion. The great secret of his success is a perfect
knowledge of his business. He never suffers a garment to leave his place
with even the slightest imperfection and this has gained him the confidence
of the public. (6)
380 - L Dec. 6; ed:3/7 - Mrs. Staats has removed her dress and mantella
rooms to the corner of Erie and Euclid sts. She has a choice selection
of New York patterns. (1)
381 - L Dec. 12: 3/2 - Benton and Company will sell at cost their stock
consisting of furs, hats, caps, gloves, etc. (1)
382 - L Dec. 15:3/2 - Any man living in or near Cleveland has no excuse
for not being well dressed as long as Sonneborn and Brothers, 156 Superior
st., carry the excellent line of stodt now on display. Their motto is
"a large trade and small profits." (6)
383 _ L Dec. 20:3/2 - Ladies who wish to purchase anything in the line of
millinery, dry goods, laces, gloves, and trimmings will find their wants
provided for at the store of T. Early and Company, 160 Superior st. (3)
See also Garment Industry
COAL
L Dec. 6: 1/4 - See Docks & Piers
47

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 398 - 400
COMMUNITIES & PLACES (Cont'd)
398 - L Apr. 22; ed:2/2 - It is apparent that vast mineral wealth bordering
on Lake Superior must one day give it an importance equal to any portion
of the country. No country or city can long be great if it does not
combine the resources of the three principal branches of industry: agriculture,
manufactures, and commerce. The southern shore of Lake Superior
can have but one great city, which will be located at head of Chagwawegon
harbor. There are however many harbors on which smaller cities could be
built but this one has the finest location for a large city. There is
opposition to the proposed name of Bay City, with some people wanting to
give it an Indian name. The company which owns the site of the new city
is now staking off the lots and streets.
"How easy it would be for almost any young man to curtai 1 his useless
expenditures and invest a hundred dollars in property, which must yield
an immense profit. Five hundred dollars judiciously invested in the new
city will, ten years hence, be worth a fortune to any man. Let enterprise
be on the alert. Another such opportuni ty may never present itself."
(20)
399 - L June 16:2/2-4 - San Francisco is in the midst of a revolution.
It has been shaken by an earthquake, the vibrations of which were felt
throughout the state. The city has been subjugated and conquered, and is
at the mercy of political knaves who acquired their powers through the
agencies of gamblers. The majority of public offices are filled with
monte dealers and bruisers. The public funds have been squandered.
The shooting of James King by James P. Casey, an ex-convict, was a put
up job. Honest people were backing King, for he had the cvurage tv expose
the evils in writing. Casey is being guarded closely for fear of
mob violence. The French and German offer of aid in case d trouble was
accepted. Companies of one hundred men each were being drilled in bll
parts of the city where suitable halls could be found and they were then
armed to the teeth. On May 18, 24 companies of 100 men eac.;h marched to
the jail and captured Casey, and Charles Cora, the murderer of General
Richardson.
James King died on May 19.
"He leaves a family consisting of a wife and six little ones, and in
destitute circumstances. but the state will take care of them, and as
for the gamblers. ballot box stuffers, and shoulder strikers, they will be
notified to travel, and travel they must or they will be hung. (57)
As for Cora and Casey, they will be hanged.
400 - L July 9; ed: 2/2-3 - There is a country west and northwest of Lake
Superior large enough to make six states of ample extent and rich enough
to support as many commercial centers. The states will be formed and the
cities built in the next ten years. The finest wheat, oats, barley,
potatoes, and apples that we ever saw were on a farm in this region. All
along the south and north shore of Lake Superior towns and villages are
springing up more rapidly than elsewhere in the United States. For years
51

52
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 401 - 403
COMMUNITIES & PLACES (Cont'd)
to come there will be no considerable manufactories beyond Milwaukee, and
not even that city, or Detroit, or Chicago can compete with Cleveland.
"We invite the attention of the manufacturing and transportation interest
of Cleveland to these observations." (14)
COMMUNITY GROWTH
401 - L Mar. 10; ed:2/1 - Capitalists of this city, instead of turning
their attention to those pursuits which would build up its prosperity, are
intent on skinning those who seek to accomplish this end. Eastern capitalists
have come here, examined localities, made preparations for commencing
business, and have been forced to leave for the same reason.
Many citizens have left for this reason. The time has come when our city
must either move forward or go backward. There can be no standstill.
Millions of dollars in property in the city today are not paying a
cent to the owners. If half of this were invested in manufactures, it
would bring over a million dollars a year to the wealth of the city and
create employment for many. A meeting will be held tomorrow night at the
Melodeon to furnish statistics.
"Let every man who values greatness of Cleveland attend the meeting
tomorrow night." (13)
402 - L Mar. 15; cd: 2/1 - All who are conversant with the history of
Cleveland are aware that its growth was slow, until impetus was given
it by projection and completion of the many railroads that center here.
Cleveland then assumed a position as prosperous as any city.
One thing remains to check the current of fatality that seems to
attend places having an impulsive growth, and that is manufacturing. Raw
materials of all description can be assembled here as cheaply and easily
as in any place in the United States. No thinking man with capital shall
stop here when we have only commerce to sustain us. A manufacturing town
gives a man of means full scope for his ambitions. The manufacture of
cotton seems to take precedence here, as fuel is cheap.
"Wi 11 not capital ists of Cleveland interested in its welfare come forward
and help themselves in this matter. They will not only enable the
poor to live independently, but fiiI their own pockets with gold." (13)
403 - L Dec. 3: 1/5 - In a speech del ivered at the St. Andrew's festival on
Dec. I, B. J. Maltby touched on the manufacturing and commercial interests
of Cleveland. "Cleveland," he said, "has a present and a future in both
these departments. She has one of the grand mediterraneans of this continent
at her feet. She sent out the first bark that has gone from these inland
seas to brave the storms of the ocean, and she is now among the foremost
of the shipbuilding towns of the lakes. When you write back to your
parents, brothers, sisters, and children, say to them, that here is one of the
homes of the happy, prosperous, and th"! free, a place whose present IS one
of great progress, and her future one of greatness and strength." (22)
See also Suburbs, Districts & Annexations

54
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 409 - 412
CONDUCT & CUSTOMS (Cont'd)
they s:lOuld be somewhat like these: 1st. If there is any reason to think
that the lady has a choice to either side of the walk, she should be allowed
the benefit of that choice. 2d. As the universal custom here is to turn
to the right in meeting on the street, if there is a crowd to be met, the
lady should be on the right hand side of the gentleman, as it would then
free her from any accidental collision." (9)
409 - L Mar. 28; ed: 2/2 - It is scarcely possible for an American who has
never visited Europe to form an adequate idea of the extent to which adulation
is paid royalty and rank. Even in England the ruler is spoken of as
if he or she is of a loftier order of human beings. A column or two in
every London paper is devoted to the doings of royalty, and even the most
trivial event is recorded. In America such an event would be hissed.
Locofocoism, which copies its morals, manners, and maxims from the vast
societies and statesmen in England, tried to introduce the adulation system
in this country. Every day papers announced the doings of President Pierce
on the previous day. The American people, not caring for this news, would
rather read of European difficulties, or of conditions in Oregon or in
Central America.
"When men worship the fetish of the caste, it may be said of them emphatically,
'They are joined to their idQls, let them alone,' for they will
never have self respect enough to raise themselves to the head of perfect
liberty." (17)
410 - L Apr. 8; ed:2/2 - Someone said that a good name, like an amiable
face, is equivalent to a letter of recommendation. It has a great deal to
do with the forming of character and prosperity, as well as success, in the
field of matrimony. No young man would marry a girl with an ugly name and
vice versa. Double names although common are generally burdensome.
"An individual may be Louis Napnleon, George Washington, or Augustus
Froughlin and yet be a very great bore in society, a perfect 'Know-Nothing'
without the ceremony of initiation." (2)
411 - L Apr. 15; ed: 2/2 - Woman has been called inferior, but one fact Indicates
her character from his charge. While man imitates her follies,
she imitates his nobler qualities.
There is a certain softness of manner which in a wife doubles the value
of every charm and almost entirely compensates for the lack of personal
beauty.
When you see a man hugging bis wife on the sidewalk, set him down for
a fool, at the theater for a sheep, in the ball room for an ass. True
affection devoted to a single object is timid and retiring. It never displays
itself before the world. tI3)
412 - L Apr. 23:2/3-4 In a letter to the editor, "L.A. S." says: To those
mothers suffering at the death of their children, I suggest looking back
to that hand which has led them from early childhood up to now. It is

56
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 418 - 424
COTTON
418 - L Mar. 2: 2/1 - A large crowd of business men assembled at Melodeon
hall last night to consider the propriety of establishing a joint
stock cotton market in this city. John Foot presided. A number of
men from various cotton belts in the country have given their approval
of Cleveland as a cotton market. It is believed that Cleveland is
a better point for cotton establishments than any point in the east.
Many bel ieve that the rai lroads have done all they possibly can do
for prosperity and that other sources must be looked for. (18)
419 • L Mar. 14; ed:2/2-3 - Obstacles are being placed in the way of a
great work begun at Melodeon hall on Mar. 6. The object of the meeting
was to lay the foundation for a cotton mill. Some persons cannot see
why we should not erect iron, woolen, and flour mills also.
When railroads were started, one road was finished and then another
until all were completed. "Let cotton mills lead off and the others
will follow without any difficulty." (8)
420 - L Mar. 20; ed: 2/1 - Should the comm i ttee report fav'Jrably on bui Iding
a cotton mill in this city, the meeting to which their report will
be sent wi 11, no doubt, resolve all the spot to have the enterprise begun.
In the liglJt of public economy such an enterprise should not be
overlooked. Directly and indirectly, every cotton mill bailt in this
city would give employment to ab:)Ut 500 workers.
"We believe such a concern, well managed, will pay directly to stockholders."
(6)
421 - L June 9; ed: 2/1 - We are gratified to learn that the subscription
to the stock of the Cleveland Cotton Mill co. is rapidly increasing,
and there is scarcely any room for doubt that the required amount will
be raised without difficulty. The goods and manufactured articles
annually sold at this point give employment to not less than one hundred
thousand persons. One half of them could even now be manufactured
here cheaper than at the places from which we buy them. (3)
COUNTERFE ITING
422 - L Feb. 15: 1/4 - Jacob Ringer was discharged yesterday of a charge
of passing counterfeit money. (1)
423 - L Feb. 29: 1/4 - In common pleas court yesterday William Cameron
was found guilty of passing counterfeit money. Tne jury deliberated
six hours. A clearer case was never made out, and it is believed that
everyone is satisfied with the verdict. (6)
424 - L Apr. 5: 1/4 - Orson R. Colgrove was hound over in the SU!11 of
$1,000 to answer before the court of common pleas yesterday on a charge
of passing counterfeit money. (1)

60
Abstracts 453 454
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
COURTS - Police (Cont'd)
453 - L Jan. 9: 1/1 - In police court today, two persons were fined $5 for
disturbance, and one $10 for selling liquor on Sunday. (1)
454 - L Feb. 6: 3/2 - Monthly report for January.
cases, 21; state examinations, 3; total, 145.
City cases:
State Cases:
State Cases:
City Cases:
Amount of fines assessed
Amount of costs assessed
Total
Amount of fines collected
Amount of costs collected
Total
Amount of fees paid witnesses
Amount of fees paid city marshal
Balance paid into city treasury
Amount of fines assessed
Amount of costs assessed
Amount of costs, state
exam inati ons
Total
Amount of fines collected
Amount of costs collected
Total collected and paid into
county treasury
Grand larceny
Burglary
Passing counterfeit money
Petit larceny
Assault and battery
Intoxication
Keeping houses of ill-fame
Sell ing I iquor on Sunday
Fast dri ving
Violating wood ordinance
Resisting officers
Frequenting houses of illfame
I
I
I
18
3
45
2
2
2
2
9
5
City cases, 121; state
$529.00
61.88
329.00
36.34
5.25
28.90
$295.00
78.94
17.10
6.00
5.63
Disturbance
Discharging fire arms
Vagrancy
$590.88
$365.34
$331.19
$391.04
$11.63
Violating bridge ordinance
Leaving horses unfastened
Keeping disorderly houses
Obstructing street
Lewd behavior
Draying wi thout license
Exhibiting theatre performance
without license
37
3
3
3
2
2
I
1
1
1
(5)

66
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 468 - 469
COURTS - Police (Cont'd)
State Cases (Cont'd)
----- Amount of fines collected
Amount of costs collected
Total collected and paid into
county treasury
City Cases:
State Cases:
Intoxication
Disturbance
Violating Sunday liquor
ordinance
Keeping house of ill-fame
Visiting house of ill-fame
Keeping disorderly house
Assault and Battery
Petit larceny
State examinations:
Murder in second degree - bound over
Grand larceny - discharged
$62.00
23.32
$85.32
54 Vagrancy 2
51 Violating bridge ordinance 1
Soliciting passengers 3
4 Resisting officer 1
1 Violating cab ordinance I
1 Making insulting allusions 2
I
468 - L Nov. 8:3/2 - Peter Phillips and James Barnett were discharged
yesterday of charges of contempt of pol ice court. (1)
469 - L Dec. 11: 1/3 - Monthly report for November. City cases, 128;
state cases, 32; state examinations, 3; total, 163.
City Cases:
-------
State Cases:
--------
Amount of fines assessed
Amount of costs assessed
Amount of fines collected
Amount of costs collected
Amount paid wi tnessess, etc.
Amount paid city marshall
Balance paid into city treasury
10
31
Total
Total
Amow1t of fines assessed
Amount of costs assessed
Amount of costs, state examinations
Total
Amount of fines collected
Amount of costs collected
Total collected and paid into
county treasury
1
I
$533.00
80.49
374.00
50.28
13.00
28.95
273.00
103.60
59.45
121.00
79.52
(1)
$613.49
$424.28
$382.33
$436.05
$206.52

68
Abstract 472
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
CRIME & CRIMINALS
472 - L May 10: 3/2 - The spring weather seems to have thawed out the
rascals in this locality. On May 8, Warren's store had a piece of silk
dress goods stolen from the counter. A working man engaged at one of
the I ime kilns near the canal yesterday had his watch taken from the
desk in the office. A man traveling from the east to Wisconsin, with
hia wife and six children, had his pocketbook, containing over a hundred
dollars and tickets, stolen. The captain of a canal boat had his
watch stolen yesterday. An old German who came in on the Pittsburgh
railroad yesterday had his pocket picked, but Officers Warren and Hunt
arrested the three youths who robbed him. (14)
See also Courts; Juvenile Delinquency; Penal & Corrective Institutions;
Police; specific crimes
CURRENCY. See Money

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 473 - 479
DAMAGE SUITS
473 - L Feb. 14: 1/4 - The Homeopathic college has sued the city of
Cleveland for $5,000 to recover damage for destruction of the college
library building and anatomical museum by a mob on Feb. 17 and 18, 1852.
The trial probably wi 11 be held soon. Crowell and Wallace wi 11 represent
the plaintiffs, and Keith and Coon the defendants. (1)
474 - L May 29: 1/4 - In the case of Camp Gibbons versus Stone and Witt
in common pleas court, the jury awarded the plaintiff $2,822.55 damages
for breach of contract. (2)
475 - L June 13: 1/4 - In common pleas court, in the case of John B.
Franklin versus Miller M. Spangler, in a suit to obtain a parcel of goods
valued at approximately $2,000 and charged to have been unlawfully levied
upon by the sheriff, the defendant was awarded the verdict. He alleged
that the said gonds had been fraudulently transferred to the plaintiff for
the purpose of defrauding the creditor of the vendor. (2)
476 - L June 14: 1/4 - In common pleas court in the case of N. M. Standard
versus W. Shelton the plaintiff sought to recover for a breach of contract
made last November for a lot of hogs to be delivered to the defendant.
The defendant claimed the contract was made while he was intoxicated,
and he was ignorant of having made it. The jury gave the verdict to the
plaintiff and awarded him $12.75. (3)
477 - L July 22:1/5 - Charles Morehouse, conductor of the Lake Shore accommodation
train, was sued for damages and alleged assault by a crippled
passenger. The man had paid his fare to Saybrook but was said to have
refused to get off when the station was reached. The case was decided
in favor of the defendant. (5)
See also Awards & Claims
DANCING
478 - L Oct. 16: 3/2 - The friends and patrons of the popular dancing
master, C. S. Dickinson, tendered him a complimentary dance last evening
at Chapin's hall. (1)
479 - L Nov. 8; adv: 2/6 - Ballou's dancing academy wi 11 be open soon for
the coming season at his assembly rooms, where he wi 11 be pleased to meet
all his old friends and some new ones. Mr. Ballou feels confident in his
ability to please and give satisfaction to all those who may favor him
with their patronage.
Application for classes are to be made to Mr. Ballou at his academy
opposite the court house, or at his residence at 96 Bolivar st.
"Terms, in advance $6 per scholar for twenty lessons.
"Gentlemen's class, $6 per couple for twenty lessons." (2)
69

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 488 - 491
DENTISTRY & DENTISTS (Cont' d)
suite of splendid rooms in Rouse's new block, on the corner of Superior
st. and the Publ ic Square, directly over the jewelry store of J. R.
Albertson. They are now prepared to perform all operations in the line
of their profession, "with promptitude, and in the highest perfection
of the art."
They beg leave to say that one of their firm was the first dentist
in northern Ohio to succeed in the manufacture of teeth for insertion.
And that, as regard to durability and perfection in the resemblance to
nature, they are unequalled by any manufactured in the United States.
Particular attention will be paid to plugging and regulating the teeth.
By newly discovered process, teeth can be preserved and rendered useful
for years, even after they become painful from decay and exposure of
the nerve.
"In this way thousands of teeth may be saved and the pain of extraction
avoided. Specimens of our artificial work can be seen at our rooms,
where all are invited to call and examine for themselves." B. F. Robinson
- J. A. Robinson. (3)
488 - L Nov. 8; adv: 3/7 - B. A. Halliwell, D. S., graduate of tl:e Cleveland
Medical college, respectfully informs his numerous patrons that he
is "invariably" to be found in his office located over Mr. Talcott's
jewelry store at the corner of Public Square and Ontario st. A single
tooth, $1, a complete set, $30. Please give him a call. Advice gratis. (1)
489 - L Nov. 8; adv:3/7 -
Burger, E. G., Dentist,
No. 113 Superior Street, Wi 11 iams Block.
Operations warranted satisfactory.
DISASTER & ACCIDENTS
490 - L Jan. 9:3/2 - Mr. Painter, of the Cleveland and Toledo railroad
office, slipped on the side walk in front of Crittenden's jewelry store,
located on Superior st. Painter will not recover from his injury for
some time.
Such accidents are an every day occurrence because the sidewalks are
not kept clean.
The mayor notified the proper officer to have the ordinance, which
provides for this matter, enforced.
"Will the mayor see that his orders are fully carried out?" (3)
491 - L Jan. 18: 1/4 - A horse, belonging to the LEADER, took fright and
ran with full speed down Superior st. until it came to the LEADER office.
It dashed into the sleigh of Mr. Hurlbut, a lumber dealer, who had parked
in front of the LEADER'S office. The sleigh overturned, spilled out the
driver, and hurled Hurlbut to the ground. Hurlbut received a severe cut on
the side of his face. Both horses dashed off but were caught.
71
(1)

72
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31 1856
Abstracts 492 - 499
DISASTERS & ACCIDENTS (Cont'd)
The sleighs were broken to pieces, but neither horse was seriously
injured. (4)
492 - L Jan. 30: 1/4 - A little boy by the name of McMines, riding on
a sled on Vineyard st. just above the rai lroad crossing, fell off the
sled in front of a team which was drawing a sled heavi ly loaded with
lumber. His arm was badly broken and his head cut.
"This is a dangerous place for boys to be sliding. Parents should
bear this in mind." (2)
493 - L Feb. 1: 1/4 - On December 31 a Mr. Bartholemew was accidently
shot by a man named Bauhoff in a woods near Belvidere, Ill. The gun
was loaded with fine shot and exploded directly in front of Bartholemew.
The charge entered his face and eyes, and lodged so near the brain
that great difficulty was encountered in administering medical aid. (3)
494 - L Feb. 8:1/4 - Last evening, while driving up the Public Square,
Mr. Sturges the foreman ht L. Benedict and Company, lost control of his
horse. The lady with him was thrown from the sleigh and broke her jaw. (1)
495 - L Feb. 29:1/4 - Yesterday a horse and wagon was left unhitched
and resulted in a runaway. The bravery of a Mr. Huble saved from possible
injury the frightened boy who was in the wagon.
There is a city law against leaving horses unhitched and that law
should be observed! (4)
496 - L Apr. 16:2/3,4 - The severe wind storm which hit Salem yesterday
did damage which will probably exceed $50,000. The country adjoining
Salem suffe..-ed even more severely. The second story of a brick house
belonging to William Pigeon was blown in and all the furniture destroyed.
The damage has been estimated at $500. Many barns within a two-mile
radius of Salem were blown down and several persons were injured. Surrounding
small towns including Alliance, Damascus, and others within a
15 mi Ie range suffered from the storm.
John Kincade was slightly injured when a tree fell on the buggy in
which he was riding. (19)
497 - L May 6: 3/2 - Yesterday afternoon the span of horses belonging to
the bake wagon of Captain Hickman ran down Superior st. at a rapid gai t
They were brought to a halt at Superior hill, when one of the horses
fell. Hickman broke an ankle in an attempt to jump from the wagon. (2)
498 - L May 26: 1/4 - On May 24 a Mr. Sherman of this city was found drowned
in Lake Erie. (1)
499 - L May 29: 1/4 - Yesterday Richard Hilliard broke his arm when he
slipped and fell while on a visit to the water works. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 500 - 507
DISASTERS & ACCIDENTS (Cont' d)
500 - L Mar. 31:3/2 - Ephraim Whitehead, eight, son of R. Whitehead
of Cedar st., was found nearly dead about 20 rods from his home. He
had been attacked by a bloodhound of the same breed used in the South
for hunting runaway slaves. He died later. (4)
501 - L June 28: 1/5 - A young man named Burleson. age 17, and a brother
of two Cleveland policemen, was drowned on June 26 while enroute from
Detroit to Cleveland with his mother. In a state of somnambulism, he
walked overboard. (2)
502 - L June 28:3/2 - Last night Elizabeth Rowland, who is visiting her
uncle, J. W. Paramour, was badly burned "hen a camphor lamp that she
was attempting to fill exploded. The extent of the injuries are yet
unknown, but it is feared that they may prove fatal. The two persons
who put out the f ire were also severely burned. (4)
503 - L July 1: 1/5 - In a letter to the editor, "Prospect Street" says:
In your paper of June 28 there is an account of an accident whereby,
last Friday evening, a young lady was horribly burned by an explosion
of a camphene lamp. We can hardly read a paper without seeing an account
of some fearfull accident from this source. We readers should
resolve that our homes and loved ones will nevel' be eAposed to chances
of death from the use of camphene. (6)
504 - L July 1: 1/5 - Last Sunday a chi ld who lives on Pittsburgh st.
was bitten by a dog. The child's father followed and shot the dog in
the yard of its owner. (1)
505 - L July 1: 1/7 - Robert Skinner was instantly killed Friday when
a runaway team threw him against the end of a rai 1 which projected from
a fence. (2)
506 - L July 7: 1/5 - Few accidents occurred on the fourth. The following
is an account of some of the more serious ones: A boy was badly
burned when his clothing caught fire; a lady suffered a broken leg when
she was thrown from a carriage; one couple drove over an embankment
and the lady was injured; and a man was nearly drowned when he fell off
the boat QUEEN OF THE WEST. (3)
507 - L July 8:2/4 - In a letter to the editor, D. H. Ralston says: The
public should be cautioned against the danger of handling lamps when
they are filled with what is called camphene, a non-explosive burning
fluid. Another accident occurred when the wife and son of Henry Lower,
residing three mi les west of Cleveland, were burned when a full lighted
lamp exploded. (2)
73

74
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 508 - 518
DISASTERS & ACCIDENTS (Cont'd)
508 - L July 8:3/2 - The wife and child of Mr. Low of Detroit rd.
were badly injured in the face Friday evening when a camphene lamp,
which was being refilled while lighted, exploded. (2)
509 - L July 10: 1/5 - On the morning of the Fourth Mr. Osgodby, a
compositor for the Rochester ADVERTISER, suffered a severe burn from
a serpent. He narrowly escaped the loss of an eye. (1)
510 - L July 15:2/3 - Yesterday a runaway express horse and wagon caused
a flurry of excitement at Water and Superior sts. The horse was
stopped when he crashed into another wagon. Slight damage was done. (2)
511 - L July 17: 1/5 - Yesterday a runaway and general smash up took
place at the corner of Bank and Superior sts. A countryman, driving a
one-horse vehicle, lost control of his horse and crashed into a wat\!r
wagon. The damage was sl ight. (2)
512 - L July 21: 1/4 - Most runaways could be prevented if the city
marshal would enforce the city ordinance which prohibits the throwing
of loose papers into the streets. This has been the cause of many of
the accidents to date. (3)
513 - L July 22: 1/5 - A man named McGue was drowned while swimming
at the foot of Frontier st. on July 20. A wife and nine children
survive. (2)
514 - L July 23: 1/5 - All efforts to recover the body of Mr. McGue,
who was drowned July 20, have failed. (1)
515 - L July 23: 1/5 - The city may have the pleasure of paying for a
horse that ftll into a trench at the intersection of Seneca and Superior
sts. last night. No lights or guards were left at the opening as a
warning. (1)
516 - L July 24: 1/3 - Yesterday, by some means, a man driving a teflm
of horses drove into the canal at the foot of Vineyard st. Both the
man and the horses were rescued by people on the shore. (2)
517 - L July 25: 3/2 - Last night, while watching his boy bathing in
the lake, but a few feet from the depot, a man was run over and instantly
killed. (1)
518 - L July 31: 1/5 - A horse owned by a Mr. Stockwell ran away yesterday,
just as it was being hitched to a buggy. It ran down St. Clair
st. to Bank, up Bank to Superior, where he ran into a hitching post and
smashed the buggy. As the buggy was not occupied, no one was injured.

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 519 - 528
DISASTERS & ACCIDENTS (Cont'd)
519 - L Aug. 4:3/2 - Pat Coon was drowned in the river near the crossing
of the Mahoning railroad last night. His body has been recovered. (I)
520 - Aug. 12: 1/4 - John Eschmann was drowned this morning when he fell
off the prupeller FREE STATE, which was docked at the pier. He was employed
as a deck hand and it is thought that he fell asleep and rolled
into the lake. His body was recovered. (3)
521 - L Aug. 13:3/2 - Yesterday on the
Cuyahoga, the body of a man was found.
been in water about two weeks. At the
gIven was that of accidental drowning.
75
lake beach, four miles east of the
Appearances indicated that it had
coroner's inquest the verdict
(1)
522 - L Aug. 15: 8/2 - A span of horses owned by Gorham and ApI in ran away
when they were left alone by their driver. When they arrived at Division
st., the swing bridge was open. The horses were running so fast that
one of them went over the abutment but the other one stood its ground
until help arrived and rescued them from their perilous situation. (2)
523 - L Aug. 21: 1/4 - Martin Gallagher, a local heaver, was drowned
yesterday while passing one of the slips near the coal yard bel0nging to
Crawford, Price, and Company. He slipped and fell into the river. (2)
524 - L Aug. 26: 1/4 - A lady was injured yesterday when a horse took
fright in front of the residence of Mr. Gordon on Water st. The horse
started so suddenly that it threw her from the carriage. (1)
525 - L Aug. 27:3/2 - Yesterday a little girl, between the ages of six
and seven, fell from a wagon pusr.ed b front of the post office on Water
st. She fell between the horses, and, instead of picking her up, the
driver backed the horses. The child, however, was not injured, she merely
suffered from the shock of the fall. (2)
526 - L Sept. 1: 1/5 - George Singleton ikas fined $3 and costs on Aug. 30
for running over a little girl and also for fast driving. (1)
527 - L Sept. 1: 3/2 - A man arrested Aug. 30 for fast dri ving find running
over a little girl in the street tried to excuse himself by saying he
called to her to run out of the way. (2)
528 - L Sept. 5: 1/5 - On Sept. 3 a young man arrived in Cleveland from the
country and went to stay with some friends who live on one of the principal
streets of the city. When he was taken to his room to retire, he was very
excited over the bright light from a gas burner. When he went to bed he
blew out the flame. The rest of the house was awakened about midnight
from the smell of leaking gas, and saved the young man from suffocating.
(3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 540 - 547
DISASTERS & ACCIDENTS (Cont'd)
and consequently no conscience. We must appeal to their pockets. "Laws
should be enacted which would, by the infliction of fines, and penalties,
make killing people too expensive a business to be engaged in without
ruin. This is a great national evil, and requires universal attention,
and prompt and decisive action. Our law makers should be instructed to
move in the matter by adopting the remedy we have suggested." (13)
540 - L Dec. 1:3/2 - The propeller MANHATTAN, in entering the harbor on
Nov. 29, was carried by heavy winds against the piles of the west pier,
thus smashing holes in her bottom. She quickly fi lled with water. She
was insured for $5,000 in the Aetna, and $5,000 in the Star insurance
companies. (2)
541 - L Dec. 2:3/2 - Mrs. M. Whitelaw slipped and fell down a flight of
stairs at the festival last night. She sustained several severe bruises
and a broken arm. (2)
542 - L Dec. 3:3/2 - The body of a woman was found in the canal opposite
Thomas and Freeman's planil'g mill. She has not been identified. The
verdict of the coroner's jury was death by accidental drowning. (2)
Industrial
543 - L June 18:1/4 - George F. Prey was badly, if not fatally, injured
at the Phoenix foundry yesterday. He became so entangled in one of the
belts that it became misplaced. His left arm was severed at the elbow.
Surgical aid was procured, the stump of his arm amputated, and some hope
of his recovery is entertained. (3)
544 - L July 7:3/2 - Yesterday, about noon, a young man had his leg badly
injured at the weigh lock. (1)
545 - L Aug. 30: 3/2 - Yesterday Thomas Holden, a laborer in the rai 1 road
iron rolling mills, was accidently hurt by a falling roller. He died about
one hour later. (1)
Railroads
546 - L Jan. 3; ed:2/1 - Concerning the recent railroad disaster at Darlington,
Pa., station: "Would it not be well for conductors to place passengers
in the rear cars, and place empty cars, when any are picked up, in
the front, instead of placing them on the rear as a huge battering ram to
crush bones?" (3)
547 - L Jan. 5: 1/4 - John H. CLJesley of Chestnut and Missouri sts. was
instantly ki lIed yesterday morning whi Ie engaged in coupl ing two lumber
cars on the northern division of the Cleveland and Toledo railroad.
Chesley's wife and four chi Idren survive. (3)
77

80
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 567 - 573
DISASTERS & ACCIDENTS - Railroads (Cont'd)
He was walking between the tracks, and as two trains approached he
stepped out of the way of one into the path of the other. (4)
567 - L Nov. 3: 3/2 - On the morning of Nov. 1 a train on the Pittsburgh
railroad arrived at the Cleveland depot. Before all the passengers could
get off, the train started to back out. A small boy about six years aid,
whose mother was assisting him in getting off, slipped, fell under the
train and had one of his legs smashed by the wheels. (2)
568 - L Nov. 4: 1/4 - Yesterday morning the Conneaut accomodation train
brought to the city the body of an Irishman who was run over by a gravel
train near Kingsville. (1)
569 - L Nov. 7:1/4 - A collision of the freight train going east with the
freight and emigrant train going west on the Cleveland, Painesville, and
Ashtabula railroad occured 45 miles east of Cleveland on the night of Nov.
5. Both locomotives were demolished, but no one was seriously injured.
{3}
570 - L Nov. 8:3/5 - Charles Osborne, an operator on the Cleveland and
Erie rai lroad at the Springfield, Pa., station, was ki lIed today when he
fell beneath a freight train. Two cars loaded with stone passed over his
hips. His fami ly resides at Elmira, N. Y. (1)
571 - L Dec. 5: 3/2 - The passenger who had his leg broken by a collision
of the emigrant and freight trains on the Lake Shore railroad a few days
ago died yesterday morning. A wife and several children survive. (2)
572 - L Dec. 10; ed.2/1 - The railroad accident at Alliance is "the result
of criminal negligence, or recklessness, and is one of the thousands of
instances which meet the eye and ear every day, proving the truth of our
assertion a few days since, that something must be done to force railroad
companies to take measures which shall prevent the possibility of such
things. We repeat it, they are not necessary and we must have more
stringent legislation upon this point." (5)
573 - L Dec. 11; ed: 2/1 - "The HERALD is sorry to see the LEADER sti 11 so
hard in its denunciation of conductor Clelland, making him equally culpable
with conductor Leavitt."
On reading the above extract, we turned to our article on the Alliance
tragedy and found, as we supposed, that we did not mention Mr. Clelland's
name at all, and that all we said that could reflect on the latter person
was that the catastrophe could not have taken place had not the train on
the Cleveland and Pi ttsburgh rai lroad been running at great speed at a
point where it should have been at a dead halt. In this statement we
told the naked truth, and when the truth is harsh, we are not afraid to be
so. (6)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 593 - 599
DOCKS & PIERS (Cont'd)
Collins has made an extensive investment in coal and iron at Collinwood,
0., near the Hammondvi lIe mines, and intends t..... use Cleveland as the headquarters
of his business, in which a considerable amount of money will be
invested.
In immediate connection with Collins is the Pittsburgh Railroad co. which
will build a track from its road for the accommodation of the coal business.
(9)
593 - L Dec. 31:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the harbor
master was requested to report the whole amount of dockage collected upon
the docks and public landings of the city for the year 1856. (1)
See also Rivers & Harbors
DOGS
594 - L Apr. 3: 1/4 - In a letter to the editor, "H. R. S." says: A certain
fierce dog on Lake st. near Clifton park has done considerable damage to
people. Its owner, Charles H. Brooks, said that if anyone killed his dog,
he would never kill another. It is up to the council and state authorities
to take the matter in hand and pass ordinances to protect the little
ones.
(3)
595 - L July 10: 1/5 - An ordinance was passed at the last meeting of council
to destroy any dog caught on the streets without a muzzle after July 1. (3)
596 - L July 23: 115 - Joseph Randerson was fined $2 and costs yesterday for
violating the dog ordinance. (1)
DOMESTIC RELATIONS
597 - L May 1:3/2 - James Armitage was sent to prison for 20 days yesterday,
for causing a disturbance in his own family. (1)
598 - L May 14: 1/4 - A Mr. Price, suspecting his wife of infidelity with
Thomas Porter, employed the police to watch them. It wa:s not until May 12
that Officers Lawrence and Stevens were able to furnish the evidence needed
for the proper legal steps.
The maximum penalty for adultery in Ohio is 30 days imprisonment on
bread and water for the woman and the same with a fine of $200 for the man.
(6) .
599 - L May 16; ed:2/1 - A man who speaks a word in defense of an injured
woman's rights subjects himself to the charge of sickly sentimentalism.
If he beats his horse or dog, he is a brute. A few years ago a young
couple married and moved to a pleasant cottage, where extravagence found
no entrance and poverty was unknown. Prosperity smiled on them, and in two
years not a cloud crossed their path. One evening he demanded some luxury
which his wife could not give him. He became abusive and beat her. The
following morriing he was received with smiles and caresses. That evening
when he returned home, he staggered in the house and fell. She gently laid
him on the sofa.
83

86
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 616 - 622
DRUGS & DRUGGISTS (Cont'd)
616 - L Nov. 8; adv:2/4 - Invalids recovering from the effects of fever,
billious diseases, or long continued illness of any kind will find
Carter's Spanish mixtures the only remedy which will revive their drooping
constitutions, expel all bad humors from the blood, excite the liver
to prompt and healthy action, and by its tonic properties, restore the
patient to life and vigor.
See the certificates of wonderful cures around the bottle. More
than 500 persons in the city of Richmond, Va., can testify to its good
effects.
It is for sale by William Fiske, and Gaylord and Company. (2)
617 - L Nov. 8; adv: 4/1 - Drs.. Schenck and Krause of the German apothechary
store, corner of Ontario st. and the Public Square, are druggists
and deal in patent medicines. oils, wines, liquors and groceries. (1)
618 - L Nov. 22:3/2 - The wholesale drug establishment of B. M. Hutchinson
and company and E. W. Palmer have united, and the business of both
houses will be continued at 73 Superior st. under the name of Hutchinson
and Palmer. (1)
619 - L Dec. 6; adv: 3/2 - Reddin's Russian salve, the greatest Russian
remedy, is a sure cure for burns, piles, ulcers, warts and flesh wounds.
This salve is a Boston remedy of about 30 years' standing, is put
up in large tin boxes, which have stamped on the cover, a picture of a
horse and a disabled soldier. The price is 25¢ a box and can be procured
at Gaylord and Company, who are the agents in Cleveland. (4)
620 - L Dec. 6; adv: 3/5 - W. Fiske, and Parson and Bishop are Cleveland
distributors of H. T. Hembold's highly concentrated compound extract of
buchee, a medicine prepared according to the rules of pharmacy and
chemistry.
It is a most active cure for diseases of the bladder and kidneys, as
well as dropsy. (7)
621 - L Dec. 6; adv:4/1 - Dr. J. Dupanco's golden female pills, infallible
in removing stop periods, or irrei$:ularities of the menses, are
priced at $1 and sold in Cleveland by Edward Kingsley, 37 Ontario st.,
E. Huntigton, 99 Superior st., and Benton and Brothers, Detroit st. (3)
622 - L Dec. 6; adv: 4/2 - The Cl imax hair tonic is a potent hair tonic
which removes nervous headaches after a vigorous application. It is
sold in large bottles at 25; per bottle at the C. A. Crumb and Company,
Gaylord and Hammond, B. M. Hutchinson, E. W. Palmer. F. E. Churchill,
and E. W. Sackrider. (3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 668 - 677
ENTERTAINMENT (Cont 'd)
668 - L Aug. 2j adv: 3/3 - Cleveland theater, tonight, the wonderful Ravels
in the pantomine M. DECHALUMEANj the celebrated tableaux vivante, ITALIAN
BRIGANDS with Julien M

96
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31 1856
Abstracts 693 - 698
EUROPE (Cont'd)
would be preferable. This country has nothing to fear from a war with
England.
While the present system exists in England, the aristocracy will monopolize
the commissions, the control of the army, and, therefore, the
liberties of the people.
"Never again will England emulate the deeds of those who conquered the
Armada lill she returns to the policy of giving the rule to those best
fitted to command, till she shakes off the yoke of aristocratic routine,
till she rebukes the doctrine that poverty is a crime." (I6)
693 - L Apr. 8; ed:2/1 - The late war in Europe was declared with the
purpose of staying the aggressions of despotism. That its purpose was
turned aside, every lover of European liberty acknowledges with shame and
disgust. After two years of waste in time, money, and men, it was Napoleon,
not France, who was the gainer. It was he who instigated the war and became
known as the successful adventurer.
"Who knows that before twenty years the same thing may be enacted. In
the former instance, Britain as an ally was disgraced; as an enemy she
was conquerer. It may be so again." (9)
EXCURSIONS & PICNICS
694 - L July 7: 1/5 - The pleasure excursion of the QUEEN OF THE WEST on
July 4 was a brilliant affair. Mr. Prosser informs us that the net
proceeds of the excursion were $300. (2)
695 - L July 7:3/2 - The steamer OCEAN was crowded with passengers, mostly
Germans, on a pleasure excursion yesterday morning. (1)
696 - L Aug. 4:3/2 - The NORTH STAR, a beautiful and swift steamer, will
make a grand excursion trip through Lake Superior, leaving at eight p.m.
tonight. (2)
EXPLORATION
697 - L Jan. 11; ed:2/1 - Dr. Kane's lecture before the geographical
society in New York stirred up excitement that will probably result in
another Arctic expedition. We expect discoveries of value to geographical
science.
Out of 25 polar expeditions in the last 30 years, only onc cost the
lives of the leaders and crew. The peculiarities of the regions are so
well known since Dr. Kane's exploration that a well-officered expedition
could hardly perish.
"We bel ieve there is too much Yankee thirst for know ledge and love of
adventure in the American people to let this opportunity for winning undYIng
fame slip by unattempted." (12)
EXPORTS. See Commerce - Foreign Trade
EXPRESS & EXPRESSMEN
698 - L Feb. 21: 1/4 - John Beedy was fined $3.36 yesterday for draying
without a license. (1)

Abstracts 699 - 703
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
EXPRESS & EXPRESSMEN (Cont'd)
699 . L Mar. 31: 1/4 . James Cary was fined $1 on Mar. 29 for violating
the dray ordinance. (1)
700 • L May 9: 1/4 • Francis Cassels was discharged on payment of costs
yesterday for violating the dray ordinance. (1)
701 • L May 13:1/4 . Casper Arian was fined $5 yesterday for draying
without a license. (1)
702 - L June 10: 1/4 - Patrick Hanady was fined $1 and costs yesterday
for violating the dray ordinance. (1)
703 - L June 27: 1/5 • Thomas Alpress was fined $2 and costs yesterday
for running an express wagon without a license. (1)
97

Abstracts 712 - 720
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
FAIRS & EXPOSITIONS (Cont'd)
712 - L Sept. 18: 1/5 - Among the first arrivals for the state fair are
a mammoth hog weighing 1200 Ibs., some splendid Durham cattle, and the
Gray Eagle, well known to lovers of fine horses. (2)
713 - L Sept. 19: 1/5 - Because the dates set for the state fair and the
fair of the Sandusky Agricultural society were too near together, the
latter has been postponed until Oct. 7, 8 and 9. (1)
714 - L Sept. 20:2/1 - The OHIO FARMER will publish, on the morning of
the second day of the Ohio State fair, a pamphlet which will contain a
complete list of all the stocks and other entries at the fair. It will
also contain much other valuable information to those visiting the fair.
715 - L Sept. 20: 3/2 - Emerson and Sargeant are making preparations to
produce one of the grandest displays uf fireworks ever seen in northern
Ohio. The time is set for the evenings of the first and second days of
the fair. (2)
716 - L Sept. 22:2/1 - The following are rates of admission: Tuesday,
the tickets will be 50 cents each; on other days, 25 cents each and
children under 12, free; 25 cents for a one-horse carriage, and 50
cents for double carriages. (6)
717 - L Sept. 22:2/2 - One hundred seventy three citizens of Cleveland,
believing that raising the prices of admission will tend to injure our
reputation, are entirely opposed to any such policy. They have called
a meeting of all interested persons. The meeting will be held at the
court house this evening at 7 p.m. (8)
718 - L Sept. 23; ed:2/1 - There is Uluch excitement in town in regard
to the price and the manner of selling tickets for the fair decided
upon by the board of managers. Twenty five cents for each visit
strikes everybody as being too much.
"The fair is for the publ ic good, then why not bring the rate of
admission wi thin everybody's reach. Twenty five cents for each admission
is too much. It is not in accordance with the purpose of the fair
or the spirit of the times." (3)
719 - L Sept. 23: 2/3 - The executive tent in the middle of the grounds
wi 11 be the headquarters of the board of agriculture. Members and officers
of the board and superintendents may be identified by the color
of their rosettes. Jabez W. Fitch, chief marshal, will wear a scarlet
scarf; James G. Crocker, J. S. Watrons, and William Walworth, assistant
marshals, will wear blue rosettes. (9)
720 - L Sept. 24; ed:2/2,3 - Due to the heavy rains, not many visitors
were able to get out to the fair. Those who did dodge around between
showers noticed, as they entered, the fine arts hall, fitted up in fine
99
(3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 739 - 743
FARM IMPLEMENTS (Cont'd)
receiving many orders from the farmers of Canada. It wi 11 be only a
short time before Canada and the western farmers transfer their trade
here from the eastern factories. (4)
FARM PRODUCTS
739 - L Mar. 8; ed:2/2 - A failure of the corn crop would increase the
consumption of pork. Sometimes the price of flour is kept down to a moderate
price although the wheat crop has been light. It is a rule of
commercial ethics that prices are regulated by demand and supply. There
is an increase this year of 800,000 hogs with no additional demand. If
the rule holds good, in this case the most ordinary intellect can tell
the consequences. (7)
740 - L July 9: 1/5 - We learn from the fClrmers that unless prevented by
heavy rains and colder weather the grasshoppers and flies will ruin the
grass and wheat crops. In some portions one fourth of the crops have been
destroyed. (2)
See also Grain; Markets & Marketing
FARMS & FARMING
741 - L July 9: 1/5 - As there is a great scarcity of farm hands, it is
a pity that a draft cannot be made upon the corps of gentlemen of leisure
infesting the city. (1)
FEMINISM. See Women
FIGHTS. See Brawls & Fights
FILIBUSTERS
742 - L Jan. 29; ed:2/3 - Mr. Wheeler defends his course in acknowledging
the Walker government. He says that he has no partiality for Walker,
but found the new government was recognized by the people. As minister
of a great nation he would have been derelict to the plainest dictates
of duty to have acted otherwise.
"Wheeler cannot crawl out of the difficulty in such a manner. He was
either instructed by his government to recognize Walker or he was not. If he
was, let the blame rest on the President, if not, let Mr. Wheeler be punished
as he deserves. He is the same Wheeler who attempted to carry slaves into
Pennsylvania, and who was the cause of Williamson's imprisonment. We
believe he was instructed by the President to take sides with the filibusters,
but when it was apparent that Walker would fall, a change passed on the
aspect of affairs. Let Congress appoint a committee to investigate the
affairs. " (5)
743 - L Mar. 28; ed:2/1 - The SOUTHERN STANDARD, published in Charleston,
deserves a palm for conceiving the most gigantic of all schemes of filibusterism
yet conceived. It boldly advocates seizure of Cuba, conquest
of Hayti, and a close alliance with Brazil. It defends the re-establishment
of the African slave trade.
103

CLEYELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 794 - 805
FIRES & FIRE PREVENTION (Cont'd)
794 - L Oct. 17:3/2 - Yesterday afternoon the house on Perry st. owned
by E. S. Flint was discovered to be on fire. The house was almost completely
destroyed. The loss amounts to about $3,000. (2)
795 - L Oct. 27: 1/4 - A fire yesterday morning in a bui lding owned by
D. Babcock on Miami st. cdused about $100 damage. The bui lding was unoccupied.
(I)
796 - L Oct. 27:3/2 - Owing to the severe storm on Oct. 22, a barn belonging
to William Rilhard's, Strongsville, was struck by lightning and
totally consumed by fire. (1)
797 - L Nov. 11: 1/2 - A small bui lding in the rear of Parson's block took
fire on the evening of Nov. 9. The flames were extinguished with but
small loss. (1)
798 - L Dec. 4: 3/2 - Yesterday afternoon a fire broke out in the two story
frame building at 54 Cedar st. owned by Charles G. Koch. Damage amounting
to about $75 is fully covered by insurance. (2)
799 - L Dec. 12:3/2 - A fire yesterday morning in a building owned by
Thomas Richards at the corner of Bridge and Hick sts. was saved by the
early presence of fire company No. 10. Damage is about $80. (2)
800 - L Dec. ]7: 1/4 - A fire yesterday destroyed a building near East
Cleveland, used as a factory by the Ohio Marble co. The loss is estimated
at $10,000. (4)
801 - L Dec. 23: 3/2 - The two story dwelling house on Muirson st. owned
by Lawrence Leavin was destroyed by fire last night about midnight. The
loss is estimated at $1,200. (3)
802 - L Dec. 29: 1/4 - John Coughlin was fined two dollars and costs on
Dec. 27 for violating the fire ordinance. (1)
803 - L Dec. 31:3/2 - A two story house owned by James Ross at 81 Bank st.
was partially destroyed by fire yesterday afternoon. The damage is estimated
at about $200. (3)
Arson
804 - L Feb. 22: 1/4 - Martin Brainard was discharged yesterday and the
complainant ordered to pay the costs on a charge of arson. (1)
805 - L Oct. 11: 1/4 - Thompson and Dring were arrested yesterday on the
charge of setting fire to their building. (2)
109

112
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 823 - 826
FOREIGN RELATIONS
823 - L Mar. 6; ed: 2/2 - The war speeches of Governor Seward, General
Wi Ison, and Foot have dampened the ardor of the administration and
southern supporters for a passage of arms with England. These men want
to hold England to its peace stipulations. The South has been converted
to a peace policy. The demonstration by abolitionists has had its
effect upon southern politicians.
The fact is notorious that opinions and interests of the South rule
the counsels of the President. A war with England would destroy slavery.
It would add five new free states to the Republic and insure prohibition
of slavery in all of the public domain.
"Do'lglas and Cass may be sincere in their puny efforts to acquire
distinction; but their counsels will have little weight when they are
opposed to the South." (10)
824 - L May 16; ed:2/2,3 - D'ETAT UNIS, Louis Napoleon's organ in New
York, attempts to account for the insolent manner in which the American
commissioner was treated in Paris. It declares that it was wholly due
to the language of the American press. When the American military commissioner
reached Paris, it was well known that many American papers
sympathized with Russia. That government with great magnamity ascribed
this to ignorance, and believed that time would set everything right in
Democratic America. Taking this view, the American commissioner was
treated with great attention, and everything was done to make the visit
pleasant and its object successful. But time produced no change. When
the commissioners returned from the east they were treated with more than
politeness by the French officials.
That the allies were not pleased with the tone of many of our newspapers
is not to be wondered at. We did not like the remarks of some of
the European journals on the Mexican war. It is difficult to understand
what Louis Napoleon expected to bring about by his appeal to the plenipotentiaries
at the late peace conference at Paris, to aid him in putting
down the 1 i berty of the press. Possibly something 1 ike the famous decision
issued in Carlsbad some 20 years since, which suppressed liberty
of speech in Germany. Alas most illustrious "frog eater," what shall
comfort you when the Engl ish people, through their press, shall take
satisfaction for the bitter dose they have been compelled to swallow? (11)
FOREIGN TRADE.
See Commerce - Foreign Trade
FRAUDS
825 - L Nov. 8:3/2 - D. M. Wilcox, the Mr. Pinchbeck of our account of
watch stuffing, was discharged yesterday on a charge of obtaining property
under false pretenses. (1)
826 - L Nov. 12: 1/4 - Dan Wilcox was discharged yesterday on a charge of
obtaining goods under false pretenses. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 827 - 832
FRAUDS (Cont'd)
827 - L Dec. 30: 1/4 - James Barrett was discharged yesterday on a charge
of watch stuffing. (1)
See also Political Campaigns & Elections
FRUIT
828 - L Jan. 11: 1/4 - The Ohio Pomological convention met in Cleveland
on Jan. 8, with Mr. Ernst of Cincinnati as chairman. The officers elected
for the year are: President, A. H. Ernst, Cincinnati; Secretary,
M. B. Bateman, Columbus. Professor J. P. Kirtland and F. R. Elliott
were chosen Cleveland delegates to the National Pomological society.
The show of fruits was excellent in numbers, variety, and quality. (4)
829 - L Nov. 18:3/4,5 - Dried apples continue in moderate supply and
the holders are tenacious. Green apples are in the market, thougn they
are not as plentiful as last season. (1)
830 - L Nov. 18:3/5 - As the close of lake navigation and the termination
of the shipping season approaches, the demand somewhat slackens.
The holders of grain have been firm, yet prices have favored buyers. (1)
831 - L Nov. 25:3/3,4 - Dried apples continue in moderate supply and
prices have advanced. Green apples are in the market, though not as
plentiful as last season. (1)
832 - L Dec. 2:3/3,4 - There has been a considerable movement in green
winter fruit. (1)
FUGITIVE SLAVES. See Slavery - Fugitive Slaves
113

114
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 833 - 845
GAMBLING & LOTTERIES
833 - L Feb. 11: 1/4 - Silas M. Styles was fined $100 and costs on Feb. 9
on a charge of selling lottery tickets. (1)
834 - L Feb. 11: 1/4 - Charles S. Rowley was fined $100 and costs on Feb.
9 on a charge of selling lottery tickets. (1)
835 - L Feb. 19:1/4 - Silas M. Stiles was fined $100 and costs yesterday
on a charge of selling lottery tickets. (1)
836 - L Mar. 21: 1/4 - Harrison R. Cooly was fined $5.36 yesterday on a
charge of gaming. (1)
837 - L Mar. 22: 1/4 - John Holland was bound ovpr to the court of common
pleas and held to bail in $500 bonds yesterday on a charge of practicing
the "ball game." (1)
838 - L Mar. 22: 1/4 - Frederick Nichols was held to bail in $1,000 bonds
yesterday, to appear before the court of common pleas on a charge of
practicing the "ball gl'lme." (1)
839 - L Apr. 1:1/4 - John Shar was fined $10.36 yesterday on a charge of
keeping a gambl ing house. (1)
840 - L Apr. 1: 1/4 - Aaron Buyman, Major Forcheimer, Henry Besuden, Jacob
Wagleman, Charles Straus, John Carney, and James Lawley were each fined
in sums from $5 to $5.36 yesterday on a charge of gaming on Sunday. (1)
841 - L Apr. 1: 1/4 - Michael Shay and David Hogan were committed to prison
for five days each yesterday on a charge of gaming on Sunday, (1)
842 - L Aug. 2: 1/5 - George Williams was fined $100 and costs yesterday
and sent to the dungeon for 30 days. to be fed on bread and water. He was
charged with practicing the patent ball and safe game by which some man,
who seems never to have read the papers, was diddled out of 20 or 30
dollars. (1)
843 - L Sept. In: 1/5 - Austin Higgins and Michael Chagner were fined $5
and costs each yesterday on charges of gaming. (1)
844 - L Sept. 30: 1/4 - The keepers of the gaming table were discharged
yesterday. The table itself, a very beautiful one constructed from rose­
.wood and ivory, was ordered by the court to be destroyed, and was accordingly
burned. (1)
845 - L Nov. 10: 1/4 - Martin Cunningham was fined five dollars and costs
Nov. 8 on a charge of gaming upon his premises. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abtracts 898 - 899
HOUSEHOLD EQUIPMENT & FURNISHINGS
898 - L Mar. 11:1/4 - The establishment of M. Carson, 61 Superior st.,
formerly operated by Clark, Morgan, and Company, is thoroughly changed
and better adapted to the purpose than any establishment visitors have
ever been in.
At the right hand side is a show case with patterns of wall paper.
His stock of paper is very extensive, with both expensive and cheap
patterns, having on hand 1800 different patterns. He not only handles
paper but different household fixtures as well as paints and brushes.
For the past 20 years his business has been not merely retail, but
wholesale as well. (8)
HOUSES, CONSTRUCTION OF
899 - L Dec. 4: 1/4 - Two hao:lsome three-story brick residences have been
erected on Water st. One is the property of Capt. Lewis Johnson, the
other of W. G. Gordon, Esq. (1)
121

122
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 900 - 908
ILLEGITIMACY
900 - L Nov. 15:1/4 - A lady about 28 or 30 years of age found shelter and
board with a resident of Willoughby last month. She gave her name as Jane
Rogers and a few weeks later gave premature birth to a child of four months.
The child was born dead. After being questioned, she acknowledged that she
was unmarried and said it was impossible for her to marry the father of the
child, as he was her uncle, the husband of her mother's sister. She added
that she had given a fictitious name and that her partner in crime has
children who are married and that he is a man past middle age and of high
position in the society in which he moves. (6)
IMPORTS & EXPORTS. See Commerce - Foreign Trade
INDIANS
901 - L May 10; ed:2/1 - The New York TRIBUNE and others believe the present
difficulties with the Oregon Indians were provoked by speculators who
expected to get rich by plundering the government.
"This we think is an error. There would have been a war if there had
been no such men in Oregon. Yet it is undeniable that the expenses of
the contest have been enormous.... Much of the money must have been
squandered." (3)
INFIRMARIES. See .Hospitals & Infirmaries
INSANITY. See Mental Diseases
INTOXICATION
902 - L Jan. 9:1/1 - A descendant of Hiawatha was sentenced to five days
in jail for being intoxicated. (1)
903 - L Jan. 11:1/4 - William F. Wood was fined $3 in police court yesterday
for being intoxicated. (1)
904 - L Jan. 16: 1/4 - Ellen Holmes was fined $3 and in default of payment
sent to prison for ten days for being intoxicated. (1)
905 - L Jan. 21: 1/4 - John Carswee, Orren Burdock, Mary Ann McNeil, Malcom
Duncan, George Cox, and Henry Bridges were fined in various sums from
$1 to $5 each for intoxication. (1)
906 - L Jan. 29: 1/4 - Yesterday Peter Collins, Charles Fitz Henry, and
Josiah Stevens were fined $5 each for intoxication. (1)
907 - L Jan. 30:1/4 - Yesterday Charles Rogers was sent to jail for five
days for intoxication. (1)
908 - L Feb. 1: 1/4 - Clark Heald was fined $3.36 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPEl< DIGEST JAN.·l TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 941 - 957
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
941 - L Mar. 26: 1/4 - George Vernon was fined $3.36 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
942 - L Mar. 27:3/2 - John Gillen and Abner Wilcox were each fined $5
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
943 - L Marc. 29: 1/4 - Edward Gillen was fined $3.36 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
944 - L Mar. 29: 1/4 - George Hurlbut was fined $3.36 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
945 - L Mar. 31: 1/4 - Hiram Preston was fined $3 on Mar. 29 for intoxication.
(1)
946 - L Apr. 5: 1/4 - Michael Kinney was fined $5.36 yeste_day for being
drunk and disturbing the peace. (1)
947 - L Apr. 5: 1/1 - Oran Green was fined $3.36 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
948 - L Apr. 8: 1/4 - William Carr was fined $3 and costs and sentenced to
five days in prison yesterday for intoxication. (1)
949 - L Apr. 8: 1/4 - James Sharper was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
950 - L Apr. 8: 1/4 - Mary Moffatt was given a fine of $3 and costs, or
five days in prison, yesterday for intoxication. (1)
951 - L Apr. 10: 1/4 - James Barnes was fined $3.36 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
952 - L Apr. 10: 1/4 - Ann Curran was given a fine of $5.36. or 14 days
in prison, yesterday for intoxication. (1)
953 - L Apr. 12:]/4 - William Quail was given a fine of $3.36, or five days
in prison, yesterday for intoxication. (1)
954 - L Apr. 12: 1/4 - Thomas Hugo was given a fine of $3.36, or five days
in prison, yesterday for intoxication. (1)
955 - L Apr. 15:3/2 - Ellen Jones was sent to jail for 30 days yesterday
for being drunk and disturbing the peace. (1)
956 - L Apr. 16: 1/4 - David Mullen was fined $3 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
957 - L Apr. 17:3/2 - Robert Fulton, Mary Moran, William Worthy, and John
Mell were each fined $3 yesterday for intoxication. (1)
125

126
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 958 - 973
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
!)58 - L Apr. 18: 1/4 - Thomas 0 I Donald, Thomas Hugo, and Ellen and Ann
Murphy were allowed to remain in jail for five days yesterday for intoxicaton.
(1)
959 - L Apr. 18: 1/4 - William Worthy was fined $3 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
960 - L Apr. H}: 1/4 . Hiram Ellsworth was kept 'til sober and then discharged
yesterday. (1)
961 - L Apr. 19: 1/4 - Thomas Neal was fined $5 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
962 - L Apr. 21: 1/4 - Ellen Holmes was sent to prison for 14 days on
Apr. 19 for intoxication.
(1)
963 - L Apr. 22: 1/4 - William Farran, Frank Scular, Catharine Gorman,
hseph Griffin, and Pat Cunningham were sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
964 - L Apr. 22:1/4 - John and Richard Van Tassel were fined $5 each
yesterday for being drunk and disturbing the peace. (1)
965 - L Apr. 24: 1/4 - Randolph Brunder and George Allen were sent to
prison for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
966 - L Apr. 25: 1/4 - Samuel Ross was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
967 - L Apr. 28: 1/4 - Wi lliam Parish and Timothy CO:1elly were sent to
jail Apr. 26 for five days for intoxication. (1)
968 - L Apr. 29: 1/4 - Patrick Scott and Catharine Corey were fined $5
each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
969 - L Apr. 29: 1/4 - C. J. Haverstraw was sent to prison for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
970 - L Apr. 29: 1/4 - Mary Morn was sent to prison for ten days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
971 • L May 1:3/2 . William Horner, Arthur McClure, Nathan Smart, John
Doyle, James House, Richard Garvey, and Simeon Slocum were severely fined
or sent to prison yesterday for intoxication. (1)
972 . L May 2: 1/4 - Ann Corran, K. Bruder, William Thompson, Ellen Conally,
and Lewis Smart were each fined $3 yesterday for intoxication. (1)
973 - L May 5: 1/4 - James Halligan was fined $5 on May 3 for intoxication.
(1)

128
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 990 - 1004
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
three chi ldren.
"Oh! Rum! Rum! the deeds thou has done should banish thee, and all
1 ike thee, from the presence and the abodes of men." (4)
990 - L May 17: 1/4 - Thomas Turban, George Brown, and Ellen Conley were
fined $3 each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
991 - L May 19: 1/4 - Humphrey Staul was sent to prison for five days
on May 17 for intoxication. (1)
992 - L May 19: 1/4 - Nancy Turner was fined $3 and costs on May 17 for
intoxication. (1)
993 - L May 21: 1/4 - John Earl was fined $3 and costs yesterday for intoxication.
(I)
994 - L May 21: 1/4 - James Patterson was sentenced to five days in prison
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
995 - L May 22: 1/4 - Michael Bai ley was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
996 - L May 22: 1/4 - Neil McKean was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
997 - L May 23: 1/4 - Moses Lemder, John Lee, and Abram Castle were fined
$3 and costs each yesterday for being only drunk and not particularly ugly.
998 - L May 23: 1/4 - James Hammond was fined $5 and costs yesterday for
being ugly and drunk. (1)
999 - L May 30: 1/4 - Jacob Wineferin, Platt Myers, Mary Smith, Eliza Dorson,
Jerry Heath, and Nancy Turner were variously dealt with according
to their respective merits yesterday on charges of intoxication. (1)
1000 - L May 31: 114 - Ann Curran was discharged yesterday of a charge of
intoxication. (1)
1001 - L May 31: 1/4 - Thomas Preston was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1002 - L June 3: 1/4 - William Donishe and Mary Moffet were sent to prison
for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1003 - L June 6: 1/4 - Hugh Cunningham was fined $3 yesterday for intoxication.
1004 - L June 6: 1/4 - James Lucas was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
(1)
(1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1005 - 1020
INTOXICATIONS (Cont'd)
1005 - L June 7: 1/4 - Charles Ormkh was fined $3 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1006 - L June 7: 1/4 - Hugh Mellen, Thomas Rose, and Thomas Cornalia were
sent to prison for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1007 - L June 10: 1/4 - James Hugo was sent to prison for 14 days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1008 - L June 10: 1/4 - Jackson Saddler, E!llma Tl:ompson, and Jacob Myers
were sent to prison for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1009 - L June 10: 1/4 - James Knowland and John Barrett .. "ere fined $3 and
costs each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1010 - L June 10: 1/4 - Christopher Del water was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for disturbance and intoxication. (1)
1011 - L June 11: 1/4 - Daniel Lindsley W.1S scot to prison for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1012 - L June 11: 1/4 - John Mathews was fined $5 and costs yesterdav for
intoxication and disturbance. (1)
1013 - L June 11: 1/4 - Patrick O'Mulice was sent to prIson for seven days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1014 - L June 11: 1/4 - Christopher Johnson aud Albert Witherbury were
fined $5 and costs each yesterd;Jy for intoxication. (I)
1015 - L June 14: 1/4 - Michael Roddey, Mary Ann Roddey, Humphrey Stau!,
and James Connor were sent to prison for five days yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1016 - L June 14: 1/4 - El isha M. Brooks was sent to prison fur five days
yesterday for intoxicatlon and disturbance. (1)
1017 - L June 17: 1/4 - Charles Bemell was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1018 - L June 19: 1/4 - Eliza Melley was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1019 - L June 19: 1/4 - Mary Lakins was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1020 - L June 20: 1/5 - Mary Apll Rhody was discharged of Cl charge of
intoxication.
129
(1)

130
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1021 - 1036
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
1021 - L June 20: 1/5 - Jackson Saddler, James Carr, Cornelius Coleman,
and Edward Ball were sent to prison for five days yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1022 - L June 23: 1/5 - George Burns and Eunice Rosebrook were selJt to
prison for five days, June 21, for intoxication. (1)
1023 - L June 23: 1/5 - Michael Roddey was sent to prison for five days
on June 21 for intoxication. (1)
1024 - L June 24:3/2 - Francis De Marsh was fined $2 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1025 - L June 24:3/2 - Thomas McKinnis was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1026 - L June 24:3/2 - Arthur McGlue and George Ross were sent to prison
for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1027 - L June 24:3/2 - William Murphy was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1028 - L June 25: 1/5 - Henry Van was fined $3 and costs yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1029 - L June 25: 1/5 - Lawrence Clyne and John McCormick were se.lt to
prison for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1030 - L June 26:1/5 - Mary Johnson was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1031 - L June 27:1/5 - Michael Barney was discharged yesterday of a charge
of intoxication. (1)
1032 - L June 27:1/5 - Michael Henasy was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1033 - L June 28: 1/5 - Mary Ann Rhody and Wil1 iam Shaffer were sent to
prison for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1034 - L June 30: 1/5 - Michael Roddy was sent to jai 1 for four days on June
28 for intoxication. (1)
1035 - L July 4: 3/2 - Michael Hugo and Arthur McClue were sent to jai 1 for
five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1036 - L July 7: 1/5 - Emma Rosebrook, John Devine, J. J. Shene, Tim Conley,
--"'William Ringer, "Pat" Fooley, "Mike" Ca1erty, James Severn, C. O'Neal,

CLEYELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1037 - 1051
INTOXICATION (Cont' d)
T. O. Neal. A. McMahan, Rosa Anderson, D. Benjamin, J. Crodder, Mary Ann
Rhody, and J. Shier were fined $1 to $3 each on July 4 for being noisy
and drunk. (1 )
lO37 - L July 8: 1/5 - John Miller was fined $5 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (I)
1038 - L July 8: 1/5 - Mary Moffat was given a fine of $5 and costs, or
prison for 20 days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1039 - L July 8:1/5 - William Riley was fined $1 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (I)
lO40 - L July 8: 1/5 - William Waggoner, John Stewart, and John Mullen
were fined $3 and costs yesterday for intoxication. (1)
lO41 - L July 8: 1/5 - Orange Bowers was fined $3 yesterday for intoxication.
1042 - L July 8: 1/5 - James Clemency was fined $5 yesterday for intoxication.
(I)
lO43 - L July 8: 1/5 - Henry McElancy was fined $3 and costs and sent to
jail for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1044 - L July 12: 1/5 - Peter Gaskin, George Lewis, and Edward Hall were
sent to jail for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
lO45 - L July 14: 1/5 • Emma Rosebrooks was sent to jai 1 for ten days on
July 12 for intoxication. (1)
lO46 - L July 15:1/5 - Patrick Hayn, George Williams, and William Fagarty
were sent to jai 1 for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1047 - L July 21:1/4 • Edward Stokes was sent to jail for five days on
July 19 for intoxication. (1)
1048 - L July 23:1/5 • Arthur McGluer was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1049 - L July 24:1/3 - John Mayarlick was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1050 - L July 24: 1/3 - Henry Wheeler was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1051 • L July 25: 1/5 - Peter Gaskins was sent to prison for seven days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
131
(I)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1067 - 1079
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
1067 - L Aug. 5:1/5 - Thomas McGinaughf was fined $3 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1068 - L Aug. 5: 1/5 - Madison Waldon was fined $5 yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1069 - L Aug. 5: 1/5 - Francis Jones was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1070 - L Aug. 5: 1/5 - Joseph Thomas was sent to jail for ten days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1071 - L Aug. 6: 1/4 - John Harly, Thomas Marks, Genet Gregg, Fanny Potts,
John Ragan, and Joe Thomas received fines or prison sentences of from four
to seven days yesterday, according to their respective degrees of tipsiness.
(1)
1072 - L Aug. 7: 1/4 - John Smith was sent to prison for five days yesterday
for intoxication. {I)
1073 - .L Aug. 7:1/4 - Elizabeth Myers was sent to jail for seven days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1074 - L Aug. 9: 1/5 - John Smith, Thomas Marks, Pat Caton, Sarah Cuniham,
van Cameron, Edward Norton, John HuttIey, and George McGehee were fined
$3 each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1075 - L Aug. 11: 1/5 - John McCarty, Avon Gin, Jane Dowland, Owen Higgins,
and William McGuire each received due respects from the court, either
by fine or imprisonment, Aug. 9, for intoxication. (1)
1076 - L Aug. 11: 1/5 - A man who assumed a very dignified bearing presented
himself at Steven's dining hall on Aug. 9. Seating himself next a lady,
he tried to make her acquaintance by informing her that he was the governor
of Canada. The lady requested his removal, and when arrested, it was
found that he was troubled with "the snakes" and did not know his own name.
(5)
1077 - L Aug. 12: 1/4 - Mary Moffit was sent to jail for ten days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1078 - L Aug. 12: 1/4 - Ebenezer Lutl iff, a jolly, good-natured votary of
Bacchus, from Kinsman, yesterday was allowed five days in prison to get
sober. (1)
1079 - L Aug. 13: 1/5 - James McHener, John Hawk, and Joseph Rogus were
sent to prison for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
133

134
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1080 - 1093
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
1080 - L Aug. 15: 1/5 - Halsey Eddy was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1081 - L Aug. 15: 1/5 - William Hilliard, Peter McIntosh, John McGee, and
Samuel Buckhalder were sent to prison fC'r five days yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1082 - L Aug. 15: 1/5 - Sidney Roberts was sent to prison for three days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1083 - L Aug. 16: 1/5 - John McArty and Frank Jones were sent to jail for
five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1084 - L Aug. 16: 1/5 - John Green, alias George Fisher, was sent to jail
for ten days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1085 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - Patrick Hugo, Wi 11 iam Wallace, Clarissa Murphy,
William Haynes, Owen Conlem, John Nichalson, and Joseph Thomas were sent
to prison for from five to ten days each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1086 - L Aug. 20: 3/2 - John P. Fust was fined $3 and costs yesterddy for
intoxication. (1)
1087 - L Aug. 21: 1/4 - Terance Moore and Eli£abeth Myers were sent to jai I
for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1088 - L Aug. 21: 1/4 - A party of five, consisting of two men and the wife
and children of one, were enacting an amusing scene on Lake st. The older
ones were "Boozy" and the husband sold his wife and chi Idren to the other
for two cents. When asked to remove his property, the other man declined
and offer.ed to return the money, but the woman insisted on going with
her new man. A policeman removed the whole party to headquarters. (4)
1089 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - Edward Cunningham was fined $2 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1090 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - Thomas Hardley was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1091 - L Aug. 23: 1/5 - James Williams was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1092 - L Aug. 23: 1/5 - William Miller was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1093 - L Aug. 23: 1/5 - Patrick Cavanaugb was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1125 - 1140
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
1125 - L Sept. 16: 1/5 - Henry Schanhoad was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1126 - L Sept. 16:1/5 - Thomas O'Reiley was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1127 - L Sept. 17: 1/5 - Michael Cummings and William B1etso were fined
$3 and costs each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1128 - L Sept. 18: 1/5 - Duncan Cameron and H. Hart were sent to jail for
five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1129 - L Sept. 2():3/2 - John Garrett was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1130 - L Sept. 23:1/4 - John Lee was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1131 - L Sept. 23: 1/4 - Charles McGuire was fif'led $1 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1132 - L Sept. 24:3/2 - Walter Scott and George Peak were fined $2 and
costs each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1133 - L Sept. 26: 1/4 - William Chapman, Jobn Lane, and John Andrews were
sent to prison for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1134 - L Sept. 26: 1/4 - John Haycox was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1135 - L Sept. 27: 3/2 - George Brick was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (l)
1136 - L Sept. 27: 3/2 - Almon Sackett was sent to jai 1 for three days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1137 - L Sept. 30: 1/4 - Richard Doranon was find $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1138 - L Sept. 30: 1/4 - John Hutchinson was fined $3 and costs on Sept. 27
for intoxication. (1)
1139 . L Sept. 30: 1/4 - James Phelan was sent to jail for three days on
Sept. 27 for intoxication. (1)
1140- L Sept. 30: 1/4 - Elizabeth Myers was sent to jail for 20 days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
137

138
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstract 1141 - 1156
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
1141 - L Oct. 1:3/2 - Michael Doyle was fined $5 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1142 - L Oct. 2: 1/4 - Petu King was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1143 - L Oct. 3: 3/2 - Thomas Eason was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1144 - L Oct. 4: 1/4 - Jackson Saddler was sent to jail for fivt: days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1145 - L Oct. 7: 1/4 - James McGee and Will iam McGuire were sent to jai I
for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1I46 - L Oct. 8:3/2 - John Briant was sent to jail for ten days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1147 - L Oct. 8:3/2 - John Morrison was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1148 - L Oct. 8:3/2 - Jonah Blacksmith was sent to jail for seven days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1149 - L Oct. 8: 3/2 - Arthur McGluer was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1150 - L Oct. 8: 3/2 - Henry DCJwding was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1151 - L Oct. 9: 1/4 - WillialD Martin was fined $3 :'lnd costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1152 - L Oct. 11: 3/2 - Charles Holden, Henry Hflselbrant, and Prosper
Devolt were fined $3 and costs each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1153 - L Oct. 11:3/2 - Ellen Faril was sent to jail for fuur days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1154 - L Oct. il:3/2 - A. Conrad was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1155 - L Oct. 13:1/6 - William Burgan and George Graham were sent to jail
for five days on Oct. 11 for intoxication. (1)
1156 - L Oct. 14: 1/6 - John Welch was fined $3 and costs, but possessing
not quite "chink" enough, paid $2 and got trusted for the balance yesterday.
The charge was intoxication. (1)

140
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1170 - 1184
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
1170 - L Oct. 25:3/2 - William Justice was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1171 - L Oct. 27:3/2 - James Dane was fined $3 and costs on Oct. 25 for
intoxication. (1)
1172 - L Oct. 27:3/2 - Aaron Orsmer was sent to jail for five days on
Oct. 25 for intoxication. (1)
1173 - L Oct. 28: 1/4 - Harvey Butnorte and Johnny Blacksmith were sent
to jail for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1174 - L Oct. 28:1/4 - Thomas Young was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1175 - L Oct. 28: 1/4 - Joseph Pendrsky was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1176 - L Oct. 29: 1/4 - Phillip eoffy and William Garrett were sent to
jail for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1177 - L Oct. 31: 1/4 - Patrick Hopkins, Matthew Murphy, Peter Stone, and
James McGuire were sent to jail for three days yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1178 - L Nov. 3: 1/4 - Charles Harrigan was fined $3 and costs on Nov. 1
for intoxication. (1)
1179 - L Nov. 3: 1/4 - George Blake was sent to jail for five days on
Nov. for intoxication. (1)
1180 - L Nov. 3: 1/4 - Jacob S. Peabody was fined $2 on Nov. 1 for Intoxication.
(1)
1181 - L Nov. 6: 1/4 - William Garnett, John Craley, Jacob Reagle, and
George Elwell were each sent to jail for five days yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
1182 - L Nov. 8:3/2 - Christopher Higgens and Phillip Baringer were
fined $3 and costs each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1183 - L Nov. 8: 3/2 - Daniel Moony was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication and disturbance. (1)
1184 - L Nov. 8:3/2 - Edward Riley was fined $2 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)

142
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1201 - 1216
INTOXICATION (Cont'd)
1201 - L Nov. 26: 3/2 - Halsey Eddy was fined $1 and cost yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
--
1202 - L Nov. 28: 1/4 - Richard Smith, William Macaully, and Cyrus Shoemaker
were sent to jail for five days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1203 - L Nov. 28: 1/4 - Mary Hough was fined $1 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1204 - L Dec. 1: 3/2 - George Bennett, Jacob Hammer, and Silas Walker
were fined $3 and costs on Nov. 29 for intoxication. (1)
1205 - L Dec. 2: 1/4 - Leis Myers was sent to jail for ten days yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1206 - L Dec. 2: 1/4 - J. Shield was sent to jai 1 for one day yesterday
for intoxication. (l)
1207 - L Dec. 3: 1/4 - Mary-Jane Buris was fined $1 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1208 - L Dec. 3: 1/4 - Robert Cassey was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication and disturbance. (1)
1209 - L Dec. 3: 1/4 - Arch Walden was sent to jail for five days
yerterday for intoxication. (1)
1210 - L Dec. 4: 1/4 - William Horner was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1211 - L Dec. 5: 3/2 - Peter Stone was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
intoxication. (1)
1212 - L Dec. 5: 3/2 - Charles Greesback was discharged yesterday of a
cbarge of intoxication.(l)
1213 - L Dec. 5: 3/2 - Thomas Hango was sent to jai 1 for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1214 - L Dec. 6: 3/2 - Thomas Gibson was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1215 - L Dec. 6: 3/2 - John Harrison was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1216 - L Dec. 8: 3/2 - Mary Murphy and Bridget Damson were "sent below
to get sober" on Dec. 6. They were arrested for drunkenness and
disorder. (1)

144
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1233 - 1238
INTOXICATION (Cant' d)
1233 - L Dec. 27: 1/4 - Henry Blackman and Christopher AumeU were sent
to jail for three days yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1234 - L Dec. 27: 1/4 - Felix Manahan and Henry McCawn were fined $1 and
costs each yesterday for intoxication. (1)
1235 - L Dec. 29: 1/4 - William Homer was sent to jail for five days
on Dec. 27 for intoxication. (1)
1236 - L Dec. 30:1/4 - George Granger was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for intoxication. (1)
1237 - L Dec. 30: 1/4 - Mary Tinnerman, Rachael Cing, and Henry Ingraham
were sent to jail for from three to five days each yesterday for intoxication.
(1)
See also Alcoholic Liquors
IRON & STEEL
1238 - L Dec. 11; ed:2/3 - If the $20,000,000 that are annually sent
abroad to pay for iron imported into this country were retained and
invested in the home product, it wi 11 rea:::! i 1,/ be perceived what a
revivifying effect it would have on every description of business,
especially the coal trade, the consumption of that article in the manufacture
of iron being so important. If our people were thoroughly
awake to the magni tude of ilJe business, they would endeavor to reta in
every dollar here, which is now exported to the detriment of home
manufactures. (6)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1239-1246
JAILS. See Penal & Corrective Institutions
JEWELRY & JEWELERS
1239 - L' Nov. 12; adv: 3/2 - Cowles is sell ing things in his 1 ine cheap
for cash. His stock of jewelry and fancy goods is large and tastefully
selected. (2)
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
1240 - L Feb. 12: 1/4 - O. J. Hodge, in a letter to Andrew Freeze, Esq.,
superintendent of public schools, furnishes the latter, at his request,
the stat istics of juveni Ie offenders arrainged before the publ ic court
during the six months ending Feb. 1. There were 62 cases of minors, not
exceeding 17 years of age, about one-third of whom had previously been
in prison. Forty-five were charged with petit larceny; four with assaulting
other children; vagrancy and intoxication, each two; grand larceny,
prostitution and immoderate driving, each one; and one boy with assaulting
his mother.
"The statistics were made up with great care by the Police Clerk, Mr.
Hodge, and plainly show the necessity for having in our city a House of
Refuge, or Correction for these juvenile delinquents. The present system
of punishment is shocking. Boys of twelve and fifteen years of age are
thrown into jail, and there come into contact with old hardened offenders,
and learn more wickedness in one day than they otherwise would, perhaps,
in years."
1241 - L May 21; ed:2/l - There are hundreds of boys in this city who
swear with the fluency of pirates and as though they had been trained to
use the worst sentences and implications in the English language.
"As far as our knowledge extends, this reckless profanity is confined
to boys who run wild all days of the week - wlJo never go within a school
house, and therefore are beyond inculcations which might be of any avail ...
When will we have a house of correction?" (4)
1242 - L Aug. 7: 1/4 - Eight boys were fined $] and costs each yesterday
for violating the ordinance against bathing. (1)
1243 - L Aug. 12: 3/2 - Henry Leonard, 12, \',·ho was convicted for steal ing
tea from a car, escaped from jail by crawling through a window and scaling
a ten foot fence. (3)
1244 - L Sept. 5: 1/5 - Two young boys were discharged yesterday of charges
of stealing apples. (1)
1245 - L Oct. 21: 3/2 - Four boys from ten to 13 years of age were fined
$5 and costs each yesterday for stealiLg iron. (1)
1246 - L Nov. 8:3/2 - A little girl of eight was sent to jail for five
days yesterday for stealing. (1)
145
(8)

146
Abstract 1247
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY (Cont'd)
1247 - L Nov. 15: 3/2 • A young lad, brought before the police court, was
charged with stealing a coat from a little boy five or six years old.
He was said to have forcibly pulled the coat off the boy's back and to
have handed it to a confederate, who made his escape. (2)
See also Children; Penal & Corrective Institutions
KNOW NOTHINGS. See Political Parties - American

148
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1257 - 1270
LARCENIES (Cent' d)
1257 L Jan. 29: 1/4 - James McDonald was fined $5 and sent to jail for
five days yesterday for petit larceny. (I}
1258 - L Feb. 2: 1/4 - Isaac Rodrick and Hugh Morrison were acquitted yesterday
on a charge of stealing two hogs. The complaintant was obliged to
pay the costs, $43.75. (1)
1259 - L Feb. 2: 1/4 - John Coughlin was fined $1 and sent to jai 1 for two
days yesterday for stealing wood. (1)
1260 - L Feb. 5: 1/4 - Samuel Livingston was fined $5 and cost and seot to
jail for two days yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1261 - L Feb. 11: 1/4 - Jame:, Moonshine, ChClrles Glasgie, and John Glasgie
were each fined $2.75 on Feb. 9, for petit larceny. (1)
1262 - L Feb. 15: 1/4 - John D. Liner and Philip Furest were each fined $5
and sent to jail for 30 days yesterday for stealing. (1)
1263 - L Feb. 19: 14 - Patrick Cowley was fined $10 and costs yesterday and
sent to county jail for five days, to be fed on bread and water, for petit
larceny. (I)
1264 - L Feb. 21: 1/4 - John Bartlet and Wi lliam Foster were each fined $1
yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1265 - L Feb. 26: 1/4 - Thomas Labodey was fined $1 and costs yesterday for
peti t larceny. (1)
1266 - L Feb. 26:1/4 - Simon Slocum was fined $20 and costs yesterday and
sent to the county jai I for 14 days to be fed on bread and water for petit
larceny. (1)
1267 - L Feb. 27: 1/4 - Thomas Labodey was fined $10 and cost yesterday and
sent to the county jail for ten days to be fed on bread and water for petit
larceny. (I)
1268 - L Mar. I: 3/2 - Daniel Gleason was fined $1 and costs yesterday and
sent to county jail for ten days on bread and water for petit larceny. (1)
1269 - L Mar. 3: 1/4 - C. Dietz was fined $20 and sent to jail for 15 days on
Mar. 1 for petit larceny. (1)
1270 - L Mar. 3: 1/4 - George Donaldson was fined $5 and sent to jail for
three days on Mar. I, for petit larceny. (I)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1271 - 1284
LARCENIES (Cont'd)
1271 - L Mar. 5 :1/4 - David Wyman and Christopher Fust were each fined
$25 and costs yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1272 - L Mar. 5:1/4 - John Millard, Robert Graham, Richard Ireiand, and
Edward Joice were each bound over to the court of common pleas yesterday,
and held in bonds of $1,000 each, for grand larceny. (1)
i273 - L Mar 12 :1/4 - George Abrams was discharged yesterday of a charge
of grand larceny. (1)
1214 - L Mar. 12:1/4 - James O'Brian wa.s fined $5 and sent to jail for ten
days yesterday for stealing a cameo pin. (1)
1275 - L Mar. 12: 1/4 - Michael Conley was fined $10 and sent to jail for
five days for steal ing a barrel of flour from A. J. Wenham. Of late, petty
thefts have been very numerous on and near Merwin and West sts. (2)
1276 - L Mar. 14: 3/2 - Charles Bond was discharged yesterday of a
charge of petit larceny. (1)
1271 - L Mar. 14:3/2 - John Hopkins was fined $25 and costs yesterday and
sent to the county jail for 20 days to be fed on bread and water, for petit
larceny. (1)
1278 - L Mar. 21: 1/4 - Christine Schulze was discharged yesterday of a charge
of pet i t larceny, and the complainant ordered to pay the costs. (I)
1279 - L Mar. 24:1/4 - John O'Leary was fined $25 and costs and sent to jail
for ten days on a bread and water diet on Mar. 22, for petit larceny. (1)
1280 - L Mar. 26: 1/4 - Augustus Brandt and John White were each held in
bonds of $1,000 yesterday, to appear before the court of common pleas on a
charge of grand larceny. (1)
1281 - L Mar. 26:1/4 - John Ireland was held in bail under bonds of $500
yesterday to appear before the court of common pleas on a charge of grand
larceny. (1)
1282 - L Mar. 27:3/2 - Conrad Dietz, George Irwin, and James McCarty were
each fined $20 and sent to jail for 30 days yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1283 - L Mar. 28: 1/4 - Hugh McDonald was fined $5 and costs yesterday and
sent to jail to be fed on bread and water for five days for petit larceny. (1)
1284 - L Mar. 29: 1/4 - George Washington was fined $10 and costs yesterday
and was sent to jail on a bread and water diet for stealing a coat valued
at $10. (1)
149

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1298 - 1311
LARCENIES (Cont' d)
1298 - L May 15: 1/4 - Dominick McGuire was discharged yesterday of a charge
of petit larceny. (1)
1299 - L May 15: 1/4 - C. Barrock was discharged yesterday of a charge of
petit larceny. (1)
1300 - L May 16: 1/4 - Thomas Horner was fined $20 and costs and sent to
jail for 10 days yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1301 - L May 21:1/4 - James O'Donnell was discharged yesterday of a charge
of stealing. (1)
1302 - L May 23: 1/4 - Thomas Kennady was fined $1 and cost!; and sent to
the county jail for three days yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1303 - L May 23: 1/4 - James Hackett was fined $10 and costs and sent to
jail for 20 days on bread and water yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1304 - L May 23: 1/4 - Julius Tesson was fined $10 yesterday and sent to jail
for ten days on bread and water, for petit larceny. (1)
1305 - L May 23: 1/4 - Yesterday in police court James Hackett was charged
with stealing lumber. His attorney claimed that the piece fllund in Hackett's
possession might have been honestly procured from some other place. At
ihe place where the board was sawed

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1326 - 1340
LARCENIES (Cont' d)
1326 - L July 9: 1/5 - Jeremiah Holy was fined $5 and costs yesterday and
sent to jail for ten days to be fed on bread and water for petit larceny.
1327- - L July 18:1/1 - William Corbit was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for petit larceny. (1)
1328 - L July 19: 1/5 - Yesterday Harriet Blair was given a sentence of $5
and costs and 30 days in the county jail, "and the Lord have mercy on
the jailer," on a charge of stealing gaiters from D. A. Eddy. (1)
1329 - L July 5: 1/5 - William Morris was discharged yesterday of a charge
of petit larceny. (1)
1330 - L July 25:1/5 - John Archibald was held to bail in the sum of $1,000
yesterday, to appear before the court of common pleas on a charge of grand
larceny. (1)
1331 - L July 26:1/3 - William Corbit was fined $10 and costs yesterday,
and sent to jail for 15 days to be confined in the dungeon on bread and
water for steal ing a boat valued at $4. (1)
1332 - L July 31: 1/5 - A. Lamonton was fined $25 and costs yesterday, and
sent to jail for ten days to be fed on bread and water, for stealing iron.
(1)
1333 - L Aug. 1: 1/5 - John McMyre was fined $10 and costs and sent to jai 1
for 14 days yesterday for vetit larceny. (1)
1334 - L Aug. 11: 1/5 - John Greenough was fined $5 and costs on Aug. 9 for
petit larceny. (1)
1335 - L Aug. 12: 1/4 - Henry Leonard was fined $1 yesterday, and sent to
jail for five days to be fed on bread and water, for stealing tea. (1)
1336 - L Aug. 12: 1/4 - James Cavanaugh was discharged yesterday of a charge
of stealing tea. (1)
1337 - L Aug. 16: 1/5 - John Evans was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for stealing melons. (1)
1338 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - Wi 11 iam Corbi twas fined $10 and costs yesterday and
was sent to jail for ten days to be fed on bread and water for stealing a
wheelbarrow. (1)
1339 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - Catherine Conrad was discharged yesterday of a charge
petit larceny. (1)
1340 - L Aug. 10: 1/5 - Mary McHenry and May McDonald were fined $5 and
costs each yesterday for stealing three pairs of gaiters. (1)
153
(1)

154
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1341 - 1352
LARCENIES (Cont'd)
1341 - L Aug. 21:1/4 _. Andrew Arnett, William Furman, Abram Double,
and John Welsh were each fined $10 yesterday and sent to jai I for five
days to be fed on bread and water, for stealing cigars. (1)
1342 - L Aug. 22:1/3 - Michael Ryan was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for stealing a bed quilt. (1)
1343 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - James Brake was fined $10 and costs yesterday,
and was sent to jai I for ten days on bread and water, for stealing
iron. (1)
1344 - L Aug. 23: 1/5 - George Lel\' is was fined $5 and costs and sent to
jail for five days for petit larceny. (1)
1345 - L Aug. 23: 1/5 - Edward 0' Donally and Stephen Avery were discharged
yesterday of a charge of stealing melons. (1)
1346 - L Aug. 26: 1/4 - George Schazzenheim was fined $25 and costs
yesterday and sent to jail for 20 days on bread and water for petit
larceny. (1)
1347 - L Aug. 27: 1/4 - Henry Chase was fined $10 and costs and sent
to jail for five days on bread and water yesterday for stealing hats,
gloves, a ring, and a whip-lash. (1)
1348 - L Sept. I: 1/5 - George Lewis was fined $5 and costs and sent
to jail for five days on bread and water on Aug. 30 for petit larceny. (1)
L::49 - L Sept. 2:3/2 - Leonard Strong was sent to jail for ten days
yesterday for stealing a linen coat. (1)
1350 - L Sept. 5: 1/5 - George Holland was fined $25 and costs and sent
to jai 1 for 20 days on bread and water :Testerday for steal ing $12
worth of cigars. (1)
1351 - L Sept. 6: 3/2 - Ellen Holmes was held to bai I in the sum of
$300 yesterday to appear before the court of common pleas on Sept. 6
on a charge of grand larceny. (1 )
1352 - L Sept. 6: 3/2 - Warren Waucrey was fined $5 and costs and sent
to jail for five days on bread and water yesterday for petit larceny. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. TO DEC. 31. 1856
Abstracts 1353 - 1366
LARCENIES (Cont'd)
1353 - L Sept. 8: 3/2 - The two "]ohnnys" were discharged on Sept.
6 of charges of pocket picking. (I)
1354 - L Sept. 8: 3/2 - Charles Fergert was held to bai 1 in the sum
of $300 yesterday to appear before the court of common pleas on Sept.
6 on a charge of grand larceny. (1)
1355 - L Sept. 9: 1/5 - George Lewis was fined $5 and costs and sent
to jail for ten days yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1356 - L Sept. 10: 1/5 - Delos Weed was discharged yesterday of a
charge of petit larceny. (1)
1357 - L Sept. 12: 1/5 - Elizabeth Miller was fined $20 (and costs and
sent to jail for 20 days yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1358 - L Sept. 15: 1/5 - Harriet Blair was fined $10 and costs on Sept.
13 and sent to jail for ten days on bread and water for stealing a
vest. (1)
1359 - L Sept. 15: 1/5 - Nancy Matthews was fined $5 and costs on Sept.
13 for stealing meat. (1)
1360 - L Sept. 16: 1/5 - John Killjoy was discharged yesterday of a
charge of petit larceny. (1)
1361 - L Sept. 16: 1/5 - Daniel Morris was held to bai I in the sum of
$300 yesterday to appear before the court of common pleas on a charge
of grand larceny. (1)
1362 - L Sept. 17: 1/5 - Joseph Forsyth, Delos Weed, John Benjamin,
and Marshall Baker were fined $5 and costs each and sent to jail for
five days yesterday for stealing copper from the dock. (1)
1363 - L Sept. 17: 1/5 - Rosina Murray was fined $5 and costs and sent
to jail for five days on bread and water yesterday for stealing a hat.
(1)
1364 - L Sept. 18: 1/5 - Jerry Collins was fined $10 and costs and sent
to jail for 30 days on bread and water yesterday for petit larceny.
(1)
1365 - L Sept. 20: 3/2 - George Brurget was fined $1 and costs and
sent to jail on bread and water yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1366 - L Sept. 20: 3/2 - A man, whose name we could not I earn was fined
$10 and costs and sent to jail for ten days on bred and water yesterday
for steal ing two hats. (1)
155

156
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1367 - 1381
LARCENIES (Cont'd)
1367 - L Sept. 20: 3/2 - Isaac Wright was held to bai 1 in the sum of
$300 yesterday for his appearance at the common pleas court on a
charge of horse stealing. (1)
1368 - L Sept. 23: 1/4 - George Knox was fined $3 and costs and sent
to jail for five days yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1365 - L Sept. 23: 1/4 - Phi 11 ip Teirst was discharged yesterday of a
charge of petit larceny. (1)
1370 - L Sept. 23: 1/4 - Hiram Russell was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1371 - L Sept. 23: 1/4 - Peter Fitzsimmons was discharged yesterday
of a charge of stealing a knife, the witness not appearing. (1)
1372 - Sept. 24:3/2 - Daniel Gleason was discharged yesterday of a
charge of petit larceny. (1)
1373 - L Sept. 26: 1/4 - William Sinclair was discharged yesterday of
a charge of picking pockets. (1)
1374 - L Sept. 30: 1/4 - Thomas Norton was discharged on Sept. 27 of
a charge of picking pockets. (1)
1375 - L Sept. 30: 1/4 - William Jones was discharged yesterday of a
charge of picking pockets. (1)
1376 - L Sept. 30: 1/4 - John Griffith and Leonard Platt were discharged
yesterday of charges of grand larceny. (1)
1377 - L Oct. 1:3/2 - Thomas Coffee was discharged yesterday of a
charge of petit larceny. (1)
1378 - L Oct. 1: 3/2 - John Grummit and John Coffee were fined $1 and
costs each yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1379 - L Oct. 3: 3/2 - Nicholas Dormer was fined $10 and costs and
sent to jail for ten days on bread and water yesterday for petit
larceny. (1)
1380 - L Oct. 6: 1/4 - Stephen Arewell was discharged on Oct. 4 of a
charge of stealing yarn. (1)
1381 - L Oct. 7:1/4 - William Smith was discharged yesterday of a
charge of petit larceny. (1)

158
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1395 • 1408
LARCENIES (Cant' d)
1395 • L Oct. 25:3/2 - Charles Baker was discharged yesterday of a
charge of stealing coal. (1)
1396 - L Oct. 28: 1/4 - Juim Killjoy was discharged yesterday of a
charge of steal ing a pair of boots. (1)
1397 - L Oct. 29: 1/4 - Theodore Debois was discharged yesterday of a
charge of petit larceny. (1)
1398 . L Oct. 31: 1/4 - Luther Brands was discharged yesterday of a
charge of grand larceny. (1)
1399 - L Oct. 31: 1/4 - Lucinda Johnson was fined $5 and costs and
$ent to jail for five days yesterday for stealing chickens and other
articles. (1)
1400 - L Oct. 31: 1/4 - Mary Medden was fined $3 and costs and sent to
jail for five days yesterday for stealing a gold ring and breast pin. (1)
1401 - L Nov. 4:3/2 - Theodore Devaree was disc.:harged yesterday of a
charge of larceny. (1)
L Nov. 6: 1/4 - See Penal & Corrective Institutions
1402 - L Nov. 10: 1/4 - Phillip Furst was fined $5 and costs and sent
to jail for ten days on Nov. 8 for stealing a coat from a little boy. (1)
1403 - L Nov. 10: 1/4 - Robert Palkot and Thomas Mooney were discharged
on Nov. 8 of a charge of stealing old rope. (1)
1404 • L Nov. 11: 1/2 - James Briggs was sent to the infirmary yesterday
for stealing beef and bread. (1)
1405 - L Nov. 12: 1/4 - John Adams was fined $1 and costs and sent to
jail for two days yesterday for petit larceny. (1)
1406 - L Nov. 14: 1/4 - John Mahon and Catherine Ferren were discharged
yesterday of charges of stealing a watch and some money. (1)
1407 - L Nov. 15:3/2 - Charles Johnson was discharged yesterday of a
charge of stealing a pair of pants. (1)
1408 - L Nov. 18: 1/4 - James O'Donald was fined $10 and costs and sent
to jail for seven days yesterday for stealing a shawl valued at $8. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1477 - 1479
MARKETS & MARKETING (Cont'd)
1477 - L Mar. 11: 3/3 - The wheat market IS in the same quiet and inactive
state as previously noted. During this week there has been very little
doing, both buyers and sellers being backward and not generally disposed
to make any engagements of any extent.
The market for corn is unchanged.
In rye there has been very little doing. Among operators the feeling
has not improved, and buyers are generally averse to further transactions
except at lower prices.
In flour there is a little better feeling, and prices of lower grades
have somewhat recovered from the opening rates of the week, which had
considerably fallen from those of the week before. Receipts, although
fair for the season, are light in the aggregate; the demand is mostly
limited to the wants of the city.
All descriptions of leather are firm, russet extras excepted, the latter
having experienced a slight decline.
In provisions there is no change of importance to be noticed. The
markets continue dull and inactive as at our last date. Foreign advices
contain nothing especially encouraging to the trade, but the latest advices
froIll the east quote prices a shade higher. In our own market there
is scarcely anything doing. Holders of :ness pork are steady, but the
market is not at all firm, and there are bu.t few buyers just now at any
price. In order to make a sale it is probable that lower prices would
have to be accepted.
The butter stock is very light, as also are receipts, but the demand is
limited to city wants and there are no large sales to note.
A quantity of coarse salt held by packers for packing purposes has been
placed on the market, and the stock for sale in the hands of wholesale
dealers is somewhat increased in consequence.
The dover seei market is well stocked, most of which is intended for
southern markets on the opening of the Ohio river. (8)
1478 - L Mar. 25:3/3 - The weather has changed and the effect upon our
jobbing trade has been satisfactory to dealers.
The wheat market has been more irregular than before. The market is
very much depressed; millers, the only buyers, are inquiring only for
prime samples.
The market for corn has conta ined dull and prices have aga in dropped.
Oats are in iight demand, and prices are lower. Buyers are not very
anxious to buy, except to supply immediate demands.
The flour market opened weak, with limited sales to the local trade.
The advent of milder weather has permi tted dealers to close up packing
operations. (4)
1479 - L Apr. 1:3/3 - During the past week, the two Liverpool arrivals
reported an upward tendency in flour, and a buoyant feeling among holders
here has resulted.
There is no change in the general tendency of the wheat market.
Tn leather, there is nothing remarkable to note other than to call
attention to the quotations. Business is brisk and dealers are busy.
169

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1483 - 1488
MARKETS & MARKE1.'ING (Cont'd)
1483 - L Apr. 29:3/3 - The market for good to extra Ohio and Indiana flour
opened with increased activity, but toward the close of the marl{et, under
the influence of unfavorable advices from Europe, a reaction took place,
and the market closed dull at a slight decline.
The wheat market has been inactive with scarcely enough sales to establish
quotations. The stock ot barley is exhausted, and the demand is
active at an advance on previous rates. Beans are quiet and unchanged.
Fruits of all descriptions are dull and a few sales are reported.
Lard oil is unchanged and steady at quotations.
The market for provisions has improved. In butter, under the influence
of a western demand, the market has improved.
Clover seed is about exhausted.
The salt market is firm at quotations. Sacks are in demand, with good
sales and at advanced prices. (7)
1484 - L May 6:3/3 - The market for higher grades of flour opened with a
fair demand from ci ty retai lers.
The wheat market has been affected similarly and a decline has been
submitted to.
The stock of dried apples is large and the market is inactive.
The western demand for butter has been satisfied. With a continuance
of fair receipts, prices are lower.
1485 - L May 13: 3/4 - The flour market has been tolerably active, although
the demand was mostly to supply the ci ty and local trade.
The stock of white fish has been augmented, but with an urgent demand
prices are well sustained. There is a good business at previous notations.
The market for pork is somewhat depressed. (10)
1486 - L May 20:3/4 - The prices of good and extra grades of flour have
ruled steady through te week and the aggregate of sales is larger than
that of any previous week of the season.
There has been a fair demand for wheat for shipment, but the stocks
offering were mostly too inferior to be accepted at any price, and ordinary
grades have been urged on the market without realizing. (10,
1487 - L June 3:3/3 - For the higher grades of flour, a continued good
demand has prevailed. The home trade inquiry has been good, and with a
light stock and moderate receipts prices for extras are well sustained.
During the early part of the week the wheat market was a little higher,
with a brisk demand for shipment and good inquiry for milling. The market
was easier, but with small receipts. The falling off in price was slight,
prices closing at about the opening rates.
The salt market has ruled quiet wi th fair sales at previous rates. (13)
1488 - L July 28:3/4 - New wheat is coming in freely, and we are gratified
to state that the quality is better than for many years. The hay crop is
mostly secured and is good. Pasturage will be scarce if there is no rain
soon. (1)
171
(8)

Abstracts 1583 - 1598
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEL 31, 1856
MISDEMEANORS (Cont'd)
1583 - L Apr. 3:1/4 - Jerry Myers was given a fine of $5.36 or ten days
in prison yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
1584 - L Apr. 3: 1/4 - Patrick Huston was fined $3.67 yesterday for
creating a disturbance. (1)
1585 - L Apr. 5: 1/4 - John Kontz was fined $1 out of court yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (I)
1586 - L Apr. 8: 1/4 - John Lublin was given a fine of $3 and costs or
five days in prison yesterday for lewd behavior. (l)
1587 - L Apr. 8: 1/4 • William Cutler was given a fine of $3 and costs
or three days in prison yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1588 - L Apr. 9:1/4 - Andy Hugh and Christopher O'Brien were each fined
$3.64 yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
J589 • L Apr. 9: 1/4 - James Sharpley was given a fine of $3.36 or five
days in prison yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
1590 - L Apr. 10: 1/4 - Dudley Julman was given a fine of $5.68 or ten
days in prison yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
1591 - L Apr. 12: 1/4 - John Cooney was given a fine of $3.67 or five
days in prison yesterday for creating a disturbance. (l)
1592 - L Apr. 15; 3/2 - Rudolph West was fined $5 yesterday for creating
a disturbance. (I)
1593 - L Apr. 15:3/2 - James O'Donald was discharged yesterday on payment
of costs of a charge of disturbance. (I)
1594 - L Apr. 16: 1/4 - Andrew Baker was fined $20 yesterday for creating
a disturbance. (1)
1595 - L Apr. 18: 1/4 - Owen Gallagher was fined $5 yesterday for resisting
an officer. (l)
1596 - L Apr. 19: 1/4 - James 0' Donald was fined $3 yesterday for resisting
an officer. (1)
1597 - L Apr. 22:1/4 . Phillip Regan and Daniel Hooker paid a fine
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
1598 - L Apr. 22: 1/4 . Warren Aboncreaf and Pat McKennor were sent to
prison yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
181

182
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1599 - 1614
MISDEMEANORS (Cont'd)
i559 - L Apr. 24: 1/4 - William Bedford was sent to jail for three days
for resisting an officer. (I)
1600 - L Apr. 24: 1/4 - James Atkins was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance and resisting an officer. (1)
1601 - L Apr. 24: 1/4 - Andrew Lopan was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1602 - L Apr. 25: 1/4 - William Bedford was discharged yesterday of a
charge of resisting an officer. (I)
1603 - L Apr. 28: 1/4 - Gustavus Rood was sent to jail for five days on
Apr. 20 for creating a disturbance. (1)
1604 - L Apr. 29: 1/4 - Catharine Ryan was discharged yesterday of a
charge of creating a disturbance. (1)
1605 - L Apr. 29: 1/4 - Catharine Lee was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1606 - L May 1:3/2 - Henry Broadhead was fined $1 yesterday for
committing a nuisance. (1)
1607 - L May 1:3/2 - John Shoy, John Thomas, and Caitz Back were each
fined $3 yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1608 - L May I: 3/2 - R. Fami 1 and Ellen Fami 1 were sent to prison for
ten days yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1609 - L May 1: 3/2 - Allen Preston was sent to prison for 20 days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
1610 - L May 1:3/2 . E. Groat was fined $1 yesterday for committing a
nuisance. (1)
1611 . L May 1: 3/2 - Thomas Howlett and Edward Rothiram were fined $2
each for committing a nuisance. (I)
1612 - L May 5: 1/4 . Lowrine Noland was fined $5 on May 3 for creating
a disturbance. (1)
1613 . L May 6: 1/4 - George Davenport, William CregeiI, and Augustus
Shrup were fined $5 each yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1614 . L May 6: 1/4 - Patrick Bradley was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1647 - 1662
MISDEMEANORS (Cant' d)
1647 - L June 11: 1/4 - James Knowland was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1648 - L June 11:1/4 - John Lee was sent to prison for 30 days yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1649 - L June 11: 1/4 - James Clark was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
creating a disturbance. (1)
1650 - L June 14: 1/4 - Mary Ann Mack was sent to prison for five days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1651 - L June 18: 1/4 - Elizabeth Taft and Caroline Robinson were sent
to prison for five days yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1652 - L June 19: 1/4 - John Mc -- was sent to prison for five days
yesterday for creatirg a disturbance. (1)
1653 - L June 19: 1/4 - S. P. Cameron and William Rockwell were discharged
yesterday of charges of disturbance. (1)
1654 - L June 19: 1/4 - Daniel Mullen was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1655 - L June 19: 1/4 - Ann Krum was sent to prison for five days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1656 - L June 23: 1/5 - Lawrence Click was fined $3 and costs on June 21
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1657 - L June 23: 1/5 - Mary Ann Rhody was sent to prison for five days
on June 21 for creating a disturbance. (1)
1658 - L June 24:3/2 - William Horner was sent to prison for five days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1659 - L June 24:3/2 - Bridget McKinnis was fined $1 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1660 - L June 24:3/2 - John E. Ruff was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
creating a disturbance. (1)
1661 - L June 24:3/2 - Andy Smith and George Laundolf were sent to prison
for five days yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1662 - L June 25: 1/5 - Thomas Boylen and William Shandy were fined $3
and costs each yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
185

188
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1694 - 1708
MISDEMEANORS (Cont'd)
1694 - L July 24: 1/3 - John Schichteria was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1695 . L July 26: 1/3 - Catharine McHammon was fined $5 and costs
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1696 - L July 28: 1/3 - C. Baunbaugh was sent to jail for 14 days on
July 26 for creating a disturbance. (1)
1697 - L July 29: 1/5 - Owt:n Cain and James Nowlan were fined $3 and
costs each yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1698 - L July 31: 1/5 - Ellen Cummins and Patrick Salmon were sent to
prison for five days yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1699 - L july 31: 1/5 - Thomas Dorsett was discharged un payment of
costs yesterday for lewd behavior. (1)
1700 - L Aug. 4: 1/5 - Edward Hennyhan was sent to jai 1 for seven days
on Aug. 2 for creating a disturbance. (1)
1701 - L Aug. 5: 1/5 - Nicholas Martin was fined $10 yesterday for
resisting an officer. (1)
1702 - L Aug. 6: 1/4 - Charles Swartz and Michael Brown were fined
$3 and costs each yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1703 . L Aug. 11: 1/5 - Mary Clark and jane Sherman were sent to jail
for ten days on Aug. 9 for creating a disturbance. (1)
1704 - L Aug. 12: 1/4 - Patrick Roddy, Michael Gallagher, and Augustus
Robbins were fined $3 and costs each yesterday for creating a disturbance.
(1)
1705 - L Aug. 15:1/5 - Patrick Huston and William Thomas were sent to
jail for five days yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
1706 - L Aug. 15: 1/5 - Margaret and Daniel Shoop were fined $3 and
costs each yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1707 - L Aug. 16: 1/5 - William Nickerson was sent to jail for 20 days
yesterday for resisting an officer. (1)
1708 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - George jones, Rachael Stafford and L. C. Fowler
were sent to prison for seven days each yesterday for creating a
disturbance. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1709 - 1724
MISDEMEANORS (Cont'd)
1709 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - George Canada was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1710 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - Daniel Mullen was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for interfereing with officers. (1)
1711 - L Aug. 21: 1/4 - Patrick Faharty was fined $25 and costs yesterday
for resisting an officer. (1)
1712 - L Aug. 21: 1/4 - Daniel Mullen was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturtance. (l)
1713 - L Aug. 21: 1/4 - George Powers was sent to prison for 16 days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1714 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - John Putnam was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1715 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - Augustus Fay was fined $2 and costs yesterday
for permitting a nuisance. (1)
1716 - L Aug. 23:1/5 - Mary O'Connell was sent to jail for ten days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1717 - L Aug. 26: 1/4 - James Riley was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1718 - L Aug. 26: 1/4 - Joseph Smith was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1719 - L Aug. 28: 1/4 - Leanpence Webber was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1720 - L Aug. 29:1/4 - William Conner was sent to prison for ten days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1721 - L Aug. 29: 1/4 - William D. Curry was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1722 - L Aug. 29: 1/4 - Patrick Nolan was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1723 - L Aug. 30:3/2 - Richard Story was discharged yesterday of a
charge of disturbance. (1)
1724 - L Sept. 1: 1/5 - James C. Murray was sent to jail for five days
on Aug. 30 for creating a disturbance. (1)
189

190
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1725 - 1740
MISDEMEANORS (Cont'd)
1725 - L Sept. 2:3/2 - Bridget Gibbons and Peter Gibbons were fined
$5 and costs each yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1726 - L Sept. 2:3/2 - Owen Gallagher was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (I)
1727 - L Sept. 2: 3/2 - A man named Burrows and Jane Burrows were sent
to prison for three days yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1728 . L Sept. 3: 3/2 - Margaret Pringle was discharged on payment of
costs yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
1729 . L Sept. 4: 1/5 . Henry Moore was fined $4 yesterday on a charge
of keeping a bi 11 iard tabI e. (1)
1730 . L Sept. 6: 3/2 - A Mrs. Deming was discharged on payment of costs
yesterday for permitting a nuisance. (1)
1731 - L Sept. 6:3/2 . John Wheeler was discharged yesterday of a
charge of disturbance. (1)
1732 . L Sept. 8: 3/2 - James Hoprister was fined $5 and costs on Sept.
6 for creating a disturbance. (I)
1733 . L Sept. 9: 1/5 . Thomas Evans and Edward Henry were fined $3 and
costs each yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1734 - L Sept. 10: 1/5 . John O. Phillips was fined $10 and costs
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1735 . L Sept. 10: 1/5 . John Singleton was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (l)
1736 . L Sept. 10:1/5 - Charles Jennings was sent to jail for seven
days yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1737 - L Sept. 12: 1/5 - Anthony Gallagher was fined $5 and costs
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1738 - L Sept. 12:1/5· Frederick Newmyre was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1739 . L Sept. 15: 1/5 . George Decker was fined $3 and costs on Sept.
13 for violating the "ward ordinance." (l)
1740 - L Sept. 15: 1/5 - Margaret Omelia, Jacob Webber, and Conrad
Higgey were fined $3 and costs each on Sept. 13 for creating a disturbance.
(1)

192
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1757 - 1772
MISDEMEANORS (Cont'd)
1757 - L Oct. 4: 1/4 - Alex Sweeney was fined $1 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1758 - L Oct. 4: 1/4 - John Knowland was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1759 - L Oct. 6: 1/4 - Mary Murphy was discharged on Oct. 4 of a charge
of disturbance. (1)
1760 - L Oct. 7: 1/4 - John Pierson was fined $2 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1761 - L Oct. 7:1/4 - William Smith was sent to jail for seven days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)
1762 - L Oct. 7: 1/4 - Timothy Laham was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creat ing a disturbance. (1)
1763 . L Oct. 9: 1/4 - Joseph Swagert was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1764· L Oct. 9:1/4 - Peter Phillips was fined $3 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1765 - L Oct. 11:3/2 . Will'am Siples, Thomas Cummings. Francis McShay,
and John Strong were fined $3 each yesterday for creating a disturbance.
(1)
1766 - L Oct. 11:3/2 - Eliza Foster was sent to jail for three days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (I)
1767 - L Oct. 13: 1/6 - John Finigan. George Wheeler, Felix Murphy, and
"Pat" Huston were fined $3 and costs each on Oct. 11 for creating a
disturtance. (1)
1768 . L Oct. 13: 1/6 - John M. Cabe was sent to jail for five days on
Oct. 11 for creating a disturbance. (1)
1769 - L Oct. 13: 1/6 - Dennis Daily, Anny Hughes and John Cluncey were
each fined $3 and costs on Oct. 11 for creating a disturbance. (1)
1770 - L Oct. 14: 1/6 - Simon Daily was fined $5 and costs and sent to
jail for five days yesterday for resisting an officer. (1)
1771 - L Oct. 16: 1/4 . Mary F. Babcock was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for creating a disturbance. (1)
1772 . L Oct. 16: 1/4 - George Myers was sent to jail for five days
yesterday for creating a disturbance. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1858 - 1863
MOBS & RIOTS (Cont'd)
1858 - L Feb. 1; ed:2/1 - A letter received from Cassius M. Clay objects
to our remarks regarding the lynching affair at Lexington. Clay informs
us that two Kentucky papers, the Covington NEWS and the Louisville
JOURNAL "denounced the outrage."
"Mr. Clay has misunderstood our meaning. We did not mean to include
anti-slavery men. Their bravery cannot be questioned. Kentuckians may
come to Cleveland and write letters to their friends, traduce our manners
and customs as much as they please. They will not be tarred and feathered.
"Many white men in the South hate slavery. They are compelled by fear
of personal violence to disguise their feelings." (9)
1859 - L Feb. 1:2/1 - We do not argue slavery questions with Mr. Clay, as
we hold kindred sentiments. A generous and manly sentiment is incompatible
with slavery.
When mob rule, cowards rule. We have no hesitancy in applying the term
"coward" to every Missourian who invaded Kansas, and we are not aware that
the case is altered when the scene is shifted to Kentucky. (9)
1860 - L June 10; ed:2/1 - A Mr. Brooks, charged with half-murdering a
senator, is being held on $500 bail. A mob, without authority, arrests
an editor on a charge of treason against the United States for publishing
articles against treason in Kansas.
"And we call this a free country." (1)
See also Brawls & Fights
MONEY
1861 - L Jan. 8: 3/3 - The money market during the past wee!. has not
been visited by any remarkable activity. There has been a moderate
demand for accommodation loans, mostly for settling and balancing accounts.
Rates of interest remain the same, no advance having taken place
during the past month. (3)
1862 _. L Jan. 15:3/3 - Due to the severity of the weather, the market
has been quiet and there has been little demand for currency. (1)
1863 - L Jan. 26; ed:2/2,3 - For the past few weeks Horace Greeley has been
hammering away in favor of an immediate resumption of specie payment by the
government and banks, no matter how great a revulsion it would create among
all classes of the community. Objections to Greeley's "planless plan" are:
First, every bank would begin to call in circulation as fast as practicable;
second, debtors would find it impossible to pay liabilities owing to the
circulation being withdrawn; third, holders of mortgages and bonds would
grow richer; and fourth, the general state of affairs would compel manufacturers
to suspend operations.
It seems as if Greeley and his TRIBUNE associates have invested in first
class mortgages and expect to increase their purchasing power 100 per cent.
199

202
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC 31, 1856
Abstracts 1878 - 1889
MONEY (Cont'd)
1878 - L May 20:3/4 - The past week has been one of unusual quietude
in financial circles, yet the amount of money changing hands was larger
than during any previous week of the season. (2)
1879 - L June 3:3/3 • The supply of currency for circulation is ample. (2)
1880 - L June 10: 3/4 - Money is comparatively easy. We hear of no
theme in monetary circles worthy of note. (I)
1881 - L July 22:3/4 - Bankers report business as dull. There is an
active demand for currency, but the circulation is not very satisfactory,
and, under such circumstance, expanSiGllS are not to be expected. {l)
1882 - L July 28: 3/4 - Money matters are quiet, with no stringency
nor any great overplus of currency. (1)
1883 - L Aug. 5:3/4 - Business is dull in the city. Jobbers are doing
nothing, thus making money tighter than heretofore. (1)
1884 - L Aug. 12:3/4 - Our money market continues dull. (1)
1885 - L Aug. 19: 3/4 - The money market is reported stringent, though
the offerings of first class produce and business paper are taken at
previous rates. A gradual easing up in money matters may be expected
soon. (1)
1886 - L Nov. 11:3/3 - There is an active demand for currency which
prevails to meet outstanding liabilities, but at present the movement
in produce is slight, and the banks are discounting but little. (2)
1887 - L Nov. 18: 3/3 - The stringency in the money market noticed for
the past month will result in no very serious pressure, and already
there is a better feeling in financial circles.
The cause of the money market has resulted in a sl ight easing up,
nevertheless full previous rates are demanded. Second class is rejected
entirely. (3)
1888 - L Nov. 25: 3/3 - The banks here are in a heal thy condi tion. A
wise and prudent policy keeps expansions in check, which policy is not
the one most likely to please second-class borrowers. (2)
1889 - L Dec. 2: 3/3 - First class commercial paper is readi ly taken,
and the banks are discounting quite as liberally as previously. The
general belief in monied circles is that the market will remain cumparatively
easy throughout the winter, as bar:ks here are in a sound
and healthy condition and steadi ly gaining strength. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1890 - 1897
MONEY (Cont'd)
1890 - L Dec. 16:3/3 - With a healthy condition of money matters, there
is a favorable showing of our finances with no prospect of heavy disbursements
in the immediate future. There is no time, however, that
accommodation paper is not urged on the market with greater or less
success and perhaps no time when second-class borrowers find it diff
icult to "make a raise." (1)
1891 - L Dec. 23: 3/3 - Money matters generally in this city are quiet
and comparatively easy. There will be little of cote during the next
few weeks. The dull season has started with a good balance in the
bank, and for the present no heavy demands are likely to be made to
invest in produce speculations. (1)
See also Banks & Banking; Counterfeiting
MCNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. See City Government
MURDERS. See Homicides
MUSIC
1892 - L Jan. 3; adv: :':/5 - Issaac White informs the citizens of Clevela:d
that lle is now prepared with an excellent quadrille band to furnish
music for private or public parties with from two to 15 musicians.
1893 • L Jan. 4: 1/4 - R. B. Wheeler, who has contributed so much to
lhe musical entertainments in this city for the past two years, leaves
for Europe to regain his health and also to pursue his professional
studies. (1)
1894 - L Jan. 7:1/4 - An old folds' concert will be held Jan. 21 at
Euclid st. church. It will be a revival of the solemn Sabbath tunes
of Lang Syne one of those imitations of the "Old Masters."
The concerts have a deep tone of feeling and are preferred to
"pinchback imitations" of the Italian opera music we have from too
many traveling singers. (2)
1895 - L Jan. 7:3/1 • The Cuyahoga Musical society rehearsal will be
held today at the Round church. (1)
1896 - L Jan. 14:1/4 - The concert of the Dodworth's band is to be
held tonight at Melodeon hall. Not often do lovers of the "Cornet"
have a chance to enjoy so rich a treat. (1)
1897 . L Jan. 15: 3/2 - The Melodeon hall was crowded with the elite and
fashion of the city last night to hear Dodworth's band. The performance
was throughout, of the very highest order. "Evening Bells" by
H. B. Dodgeworth was exquisitely given. Mr. Wheeler was most happy in
his ballad. Mr. James' performance on the harp was the delight of all
those present.
203
(1)

204
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1898 - 1904
MUSIC (Cont'd)
"This concert was the best of its kind that has been produced in
this city for a long time." (4)
1898 - L Feb. 2: 1/4 - Amateur musi.:ians have organized the Holbrook
band. Fifteen are members, some very superior musicians. After
more practice they should rival the celebrated Dodsworth band. Cleveland
will not have to send to New York for music for grand occasions. (3)
1899 - L Apr. 19: 1/4 - On Apr. 21 Prof. R. B. Wheeler will give a
farewell concert. His doctor has ordered him to visit European
countries and rest for a year. (3)
1900 - L Apr. 21: 1/4 - Tonight R. B. Wheeler will give a farewell
concert at the Melodeon. Althuugh his health is better than it was
three months ago it is still in a shattered condition, and he seeks
a change of climate for its restoration. It is hoped the hall will
be filled with his friends. (3)
1901 - L Apr. 30:3/2 - Tonight the Luca family will give a musical
entertainment at the Melodeon theater. Reserved seats can be purchased
at Brainard's music store. (2)
1902 - L May 2: 3/2 - The concert of the Luca fami ly, owing to the
inclemency of the weather, did not come off last evening. They will
perform this evening at the Melodeon. They are a deserving troupe,
and we trust that they wi 11 have a full house. (1)
1903 - L May 3:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Consistency" says:
"Do yours know the treat they are missing in failing to hear the Luca
family who are now favoring us with a visit?.. Let some vagabond
company come along with a clap trap of a name, such as the 'real
original Campbell's,' or 'Christies' and appear with corked faces, ..
retailing a few old insipid 'saws' for jokes, with a very slight layer
of passable music sandwiched in and Cleveland rushes to hear .•..
"But here is a troupe professing to be nothing but what they are
literally, a colored Christian family of musical artists, possessed
of rare original talent, giving a sensible and rich musical treat and
receipts hardly sufficient to pay hotel bills. Sad comment upon the
cultivated taste of the people of this Forest City 'upon the Lake. '
"One word as to another matter connected with this family. They
stop at a certain hotel in this city, which said hotel professes to
be conducted upon religious principles, •.• and yet this family of
brethren in Christ, these christian guests are not allowed the common
table of the house; 'get thee behind me' is 1 i terally practiced towards
them. And for what? Simply because a good and allwise God has
created them with a skin not colored like ours." (14)
1904 - L May 10:3/5 - Teresa Parodi, Mr. Arthurson, and Maurice Strakosch
will present a grand concert at the Melodeon on May 16.

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1927 - 1932-1/2
MUSIC (Cont'd)
1927 - L Dec. 6; adv: 3/4 - Miss Maria Louisa White gives instructions
at her residence No.8 Chestnut st., on the piano, guitar, or melodeon.
Miss White prefers pupils williug to learn music suitable for the
parlor and home rather than the public hall. (2)
1928 - L Dec. 6; adv: 3/4 - M. Chambers is a teacher of vocal music. His
specialties are choirs, classes, and individuals. Orders may be left at
J. P. Holbrook's, S. Brainard's, or Ossian E. Dodge's music stores, or at
M. Chambers residence, 68 Pearl st., west side. (1)
1929 - L Dec. 12: 3/2 - Parodi and his troupe of musicians will give a concert
tomorrow evening at the melodeon. Tne Roman tenor, Tiberini, has
never been heard by our citizens, and judging from the high and unqualified
praise bestowed upon him by eastern critics. our musical friends
may expect to be delighted and astonished. (4)
1930 - L Dec. 15: 1/4 - The Continentals will give a concert tomorrow
evening at the Melodeon hall. The class of music given by these exquisite
singers is the kind which touches the heart and lives in the remembrance
1 ike a perfume. (2)
193] - L Dec. 16: 3/2 - The best company of quartette singers now traveling
are the Continentals. They will give a concert at the Melodeon hall
this evening. (2)
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
1932 - L Aug. 27: 1/4 - Dudley Brothers and Dodge are the sole agents in
northern Ohio for Hallet, Davis and Company's world-famous piano. That
they are meeting with the approval of the public is evident from the
fact they are selling from ten to 12 every week. (3)
1932 1/2 - 1 Dec. 6; adv:3/4 - J. P. Holbrook, 100 Superior st., is a dealer
in all musical instruments and appliances. (2)
207

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31 1856
Abstracts 1938 - 1943
NEWSPAPERS
1938 - L Jan. 3: 1/1 - The HERALD came out in a new dress last evening,
much to the delight of its many readers. (1)
1939 - L Jan. 3: 1/1 - The PLAIN DEALER was in a new dress yesterday, but
it was gotten out in so much haste on account of the President's message
that we could not judge of its new beauties. (1)
1940 - L Jan. 4: 1/4 - The carrier boys of the different papers in town
were busy on New Year's Day selling their addresses. They were well gotten
up, in a typographical point, and the poems which are seldom of remarkable
merit, were well enough in their way.
For the first time the messenger boys of the Union Telegraph co. came
out in competition with the carrier boys. Their poem, written by A. M.
Van Duzer, is the best thing of its kind we remember ever to have seen.
We regret that our space will not allow its entire publication. The last
line of the following cuuplet will, however, speak for itself as one of
the most perfect lines that has been written in the English language.
Tte figure is that of the old year, as a ship falling away in the distance:
She is gone! far out in the mystic sea,
With a moaning wind in ter thin, sere sails.
The New Year's address of the carri ers of the LEADER was:
A dirge for the dying was yesterday tolled,
And at midnight a dirge for the dead was rolled;
Now his days are passed and his mission done,
The Herald of Life has awakened the sun.
(19 more stanzas)
(12)
1941 - L Jan. 4:3/2 - The PLAIN DEALER'S new dress gives that paper a
fresh and beautiful appearance. Cleveland can now boast of four handsomer
dailies than any city of its size in the Union. (1)
1942 - L Jan. 4; ed:4/1 - Why talk about the town of Lawrence holding out.
The St. Louis REPUBLICAN claims she will not and ventures to stake its
reputation that before the sun goes down this day Lawrence wi 11 submi t.
The REPUBLICAN has placed itself foremost among the pro-slavery papers of
Missouri and in consequence has lost its character and has become a byword
among decent men. Its correspondent, lil{e its editors, has opeuly
taken sides wi th the meanest, most cowardly and most brutal rabble that
ever disgraced the reputation of any state in our Confederacy, and this
paper is shocked at the code of morals promulgated by the Cleveland LEADER.
1943 - L Jan. 5; ed: 2/1 - The PLAIN DEALER says that its circulation is
twice as large as any other newspaper in the city. "It was only a piece
of 'Grayism' got up for effect." (1)
209

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31 1856
Abstracts 1951 - 1952
NEWSPAPERS (Cont'd)
best we can; and if some of them are displeased, they should bear in mind
that country papers published outside of Ohio are of scarcely any value
to us." (1)
1951 - L Jan. 22; ed: 2/2, 3 - The New York OBSERVER, a pro-slavery religious
paper, entered upon a new volume. The garb of religion should not
shield a paper which comes out as the unblushing advocate of slavery and
oppression.
The OBSERVER believes that socialism, Owenism, Fourierism, abolitionism,
and all the various "Isms" and schemes for the reform of the great
evils of society on other than Bible principles wi 11 prove not only a
miserable failure, but an awful curse to the communities which cherish
them.
Why does the OBSERVER make such a pompous parade of Owenism, Fourierism
and socialism when it is almost pr.!cisely the same thing? Why does
it associate them with abolitionism, which has no connection with them?
Some disciples of Fourier are aboliticnists. According to the
OBSERVER, all abolitionists are disciples of Fourier.
"Perhaps the editor of the OBSERVER wi 11 claim that by the term 'abolitionism'
he did not mean all who belong to the anti-slavery school, but
only those who are both anti -slavery men and socialists." We ask the
editor of this paper: "Would immediate emancipation be a greater evil
than perpetual slavery? Is the condition of free-negroes in this country
better than that of slavery? Is slavery a curse, and if so, should we
not check its flow? If it be worse, should we not check its spread? If
a blessing, should we not extend it all over the republ ic? The intimation
of the OBSERVER, that slavery is an insti tution sanctioned by the
Bible, is a most weak and unmanly prevarication.
"The HERALD, a Cleveland paper, says: 'The OBSERVER is a bold and
manly independent sheet, asking no favors for "isI!ls," and granting no
quarter to the evils of the day. '
"How these opinions wi 11 accord wi th opinions of anti -slavery men of
Ohio, we know not, but as the HERALD is a 'sterling Republican paper, '
there can be no doubt that they will stifle their own convictions and
yield a willing assent."
A southern slave-holder in a letter to northern friends says: "The
OBSERVER does more than all other periodicals combined to keep the dreadful
slavery system al i vee "
Having faithfully performed our task without any hope of reward, we
leave with our readers the New Yorlt OBSERVER, the Cleveland HERALD,
and the extract from the southerner's letter. (30)
1952 - L Jan. 24: 2/1 - The NEWS, a prosperous Republican paper in Newport,
Ky., attempted to establish a pro-slavery paper in the same place but failed.
"Why then, in Heaven's name, are northern papers afraid to speak out
on the slavery question?" (1)
211

212
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1953 • 1959
NEWSPAPERS (Cont'd)
1953 • L Jan. 28:2/1 - The Columbus papers have almost ceased to furnish
readers with reports of legislat ive proceedings. They want the legislature
to pay them for good reports and furnish reporters besides. "If
the legislature held its sessions in either Cincinnati or Cleveland,
the papers would furnish full reports and ask no legislative appropriation.
" (2)
1954 - L Jan. 31; ed: 2/1 - The HERALD thinks the ruffian, Rust, was in
the right in striking Mr. Greeley. "We knew, very well, on whose sides
the sympathies of the HERALD were, but we were not prepared to see so
open an avowal." (2)
1955 - L Feb. 1: 3/2 - Every day complaints are received that subscribers
are missing their morning papers.
Cut out the end of an old oyster can and nail it to the fence as a
receptacle for the paper. It keeps out the rain and prevents the wind
from blowing the paper away.
"We believe no one who has adopted this plan, has yet missed his
paper, and we would recommend it to everybody." (2)
1956 - L Feb. 2; ed: 2/1 - The HERALD tries in vain to avoid saying yes
or no in regard to the assault on Mr. Greeley.
Greeley told the truth for which a ruffian knocked him down. The
HERALD says he should expect to be knocked down.
If an editor is knod:ed down by any ruffian who takes offence at
what he writes, where is the freedom of the press? "Are we this time
right in our interpretation?" (2)
1957 - L Feb. 4; ed:2/l - "The HERALD has 'taken back' what it said In
regard to Mr. Greeley. It confesses that Rust was a coward, and that
Greeley was not. The people of the Western Reserve care very little
for either the good or bad opinion of men who are always ready, on any
pretext whatever, to tread on those who are foremost in the anti-slavery
ranks; still, it is a good indication to see the Cleveland HERALD
driven to the necessity of doing justice to the character of Horace
Greeley. We hail it as one of the hopeful signs of the times." (2)
1958 - L Feb. 7; ed:2/1 - No steps have been taken to arrest Mr. Rust
of Arkansas for the cowardly assault upon Horace Greeley.
"This bare-faced attempt to control the press, for the sake of the
District of Columbia, we yet hope to see sharply rebuked." (2)
1959 - L Feb. 20; ed: 2/1 - "One would naturally suppose that printers
and newspaper editors were all thoroughly acquainted with the early
traditions of their profession; but the truth is, few of them know anything
about the condition of the business before their connection with
it ....

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1967 - 1971
NEWSPAPERS (Cont'd)
1967 - L Apr. 18; ed:2/1 - John R. French, proprietor of the Painesville
TELEGRAPH, proposes to issue from this city a Republican campaigner
called THE BACI{BONE. Its name is well chosen as it is what the country
wants. It is designed for circulation through the free states.
"It is time for the Republican forces to begin to rouse up. The
victory is only to be won by a strong pull, a long pull, and a pull together."
(3)
1968 - L Apr. 29:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Common Sense" of
Bow 1 ing Green asks: How many of the readers of the HERALD, who look to
Harris, its editor, for political guidance, think they have been governed
in a straight-forward manner in their political sentiments. It
is known that when Harris came here, his intentions were to set up a
"Locofoco" paper. If we intend to make righteous and free principles
our rule of duty in politics, lel us select men who are known to possess
such qual i ties. Nothing was gained by taking Zack and Fi 11 more as
available candidates. A word to the wise is sufficient. Let past experience
teach us. (12)
1969 - L Apr. 30; ed:2/1 We wish to correct a statement made in a
letter to the editor, signed "Common Sense," which was printed yesterday.
The statement to be corrected is that Harris, editor of the
HERALD, was at I)ne time a "Locofoco." Harris was never a "Locofoco." (2)
1970 - L May 19; ed:2/1 - It is not unusual to come across newspapers
remarkable for their persevering industry in gathering up tid-bits of
scandal pertaining to prominent men. These same papers are remarkable
for their sneers at whatever, in such persons, does not seem exactly
right and proper.
"In an intelligent community these things are not readily forgotten
or forgiven. For ourselves, we hope they may find no forgiveness in
their own sanctums, unt i 1 they are ready to do works mete for repeQtance....
It would be easy to give some old specimens of 'Percussion
Cap Morality,' such as th'lt of Robert Hall, and of Pres. Samuel Davies,
of Princeton College - men of most distinguished piety and worth, - men
of world-wide reputation and of commanding influence among all classes." (9)
1971 - L June 2; ed: 2/1 - "Of all the detestable persons there is none
more deserving of scorn than the flunky editor who abjuring all allegiance
and truth or right, caters only to popular prejudices and passion,
and thinks only of himself. The PLAIN DEALER editor is known to have
no back bone. Failure of government affairs, to go as he predicts,
makes him side step and make excuses.
"But this editor is not only weak in the spinal column, he not only
plays fast and loose - but he is false; false to truth, and false to
every element of manhood." (10)
215

216
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 1972 - 1977
NEWSPAPERS (Cont'd)
1972 - L June 6:2/1 - "To defend crime, and excuse rapine, is mean enough;
but when in such service one stoops to the abuse of a woman, then does he
begin to give evidence of the superlative meanness of his soul. The editor
of the PLAIN DEALER, not satisfied with his general justification of the
slaughter of all Rights in Kansas, in a late issue comes out with an
infamous attack upon the lady of General Robinson, and indulges in allusions,
and comparisons of the most offensive character. A more graceless
piece of scoundrelism we do not remember ever to have witnessed
and the editor has to thank the stern regard of our citizens for law
that his back is a stranger to a vigorous rawhide." (3)
1973 - L June 11:2/1 - In a letter to the editor, James C. Medill says:
My connection with the paper ceases today. I leave to take a few months
rest. My successor is John R. French, late of the Painesville
TELEGRAPH. I hope that the readers will overlook the words written In
controversy and, further, I wish the readers prosperous times in their
work. (6)
L June 27; ed:2/2 - See U. S. Territories & Possessions - Kansas -
Nebraska
1974 - L July 1; ed:2/1 - One of the most encouraging signs of the times
is the desire of people to read, and read honest, reliable Republican
papers. All the facts of the campaign are for freedom and Fremont.
Friends will you help get up clubs for the campaign LEADER? Our dai ly
will be just the affair for those who do not wish to wait a week for
the news. (4)
1975 - L July 10; ec.: 2/2 - The edi tor of the PLAIN DEALER was never
known to profess to any Christian faith or to ackn)wledge aught as due
to Christian virtue. He has worked his presses in the services of
those haters of God and humanity who would spread slavery through all
our virgin territories; yet he dares to come out and talk of the deplorable
skepticism of the German Republicans. "Isn't it refreshing to
hear Satan rebuking sin?" Remove from the editor's fancy all idea of
post office and government advertisement, and his PLAIN DEALER would
exhibit no such ridiculous articles. (13)
1976 - L July 14; ed:2/2 - We are informed by a German gentleman that
the blackguard article in the PLAIN DEALER denouncing the "Hair-lipped
Germans," was published word for word in that sheet four years ago,
when the Germans supported Edward Wade for Congress.
"So it sc:.ems the DEALER is hard up for ideas and republ ishing wornout
editorials." Something similar to its stealing that celebrated
"Funeral of the French." (2)
1977 - L July 14; ed:2/2 - We would call attention to foreign-born
Democrats that the PLAIN DEALER was more largely represented in the

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2012 - 2019
ORGANIZATIONS
Cultural
2012 - L Nov. 10: 1/4 - On Nov. 6 a literary association was organized at
North Brooklyn in the new brick school house, Stone's addition. The
following officers were chosen: President, J. B. Shull; vice-president,
B. R. Beavis; secretary, J. B. Lewis; editor, G. McFarland; editress, Miss
Lizzie B. Miller. (3)
2013 - L Dec. 17:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Scriba" of Chagrin
Falls says:
There has been established in the village an association called the
Chagrin Falls Literary association whose object is to furnish our community
with a course of lectures mainly from the pens of the professional and
literary gentlemen of the place. Last evening a large audience assembled
to listen to the introductory lecture of the course, which you may be
pleased to learn was pronounced by your young but gifted fellow-townsman,
H. G. Perry. (7)
Fraternal & Benevolent
2014 - L Feb. 8: 1/4 - The Hebrew Benevolent society wi 11 hold its first
ball at Ballou's hall Feb. 14. (1)
2015 - L Mar. 14: 1/2 - On Mar. 11 brothers and daughters of Rebeckc.h held
a meeting at Odd Fellows hall at Superior and Seneca sts. It was resolved
to appoint a committee to draw up a constitution and by laws for
five city chapters; to express thanks to E. M. Fitch for work in degrees
of Rebeckah; and to tender thanks to IIorace Kelly for use of the hall free
of charge. After the meeting a feast was had in an adjoining room. (I3)
2016 - L Apr. 30: 1/4 - Glen Lodge 263, 1. O. O. F. of Brighton, will hold
a May Day festival tomorrow afternoon and evening. Addresses wi 11 be belivered
by E. M. Fitch and others at the Methodist Episcopal church. In
the evening there will be dancing at Lockwood's hall. The committee of
arrangements are Wi lliam Wilson, C. Stickney, James Clark, and L. D.
Twitchell. (2)
2017 - L Aug. 11: 1/5 - The old "Know-Nothing" lodge room in Spangler's
block is being fitted up for an Odd Fellows hall. (2)
2018 - L Aug. 14: 1/5 - The new Odd Fellows hall in the Spangler block IS
finished. The first meeting will be held Aug. 18. (1)
2019 - L Aug. 16: 3/2 - Good Templar lodge No. 62 wi 11 hold its regular
meeting tonight at 7 p.m. in the Sons of Temperance hall on Ontario st. (1)
223

224
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2020 - 2030
ORGANIZATIONS - Frat.ernal & Benevolent (Cont'd)
2020 - L Aug. 30: 1/5 - The Good Templars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, will hold
its regular meeting tonight at 7 p. m. at the Sons of Temperance hall on
Ontario st. (1)
2021 - L Sept. 6: 3/2 - The Good Templars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, wi 11 hold
its regular meeting this evening at 7 p. m. in the Sons of Temperance hall
on Ontario st. (1)
2022 - L Sept. 27: 1/4 - The Good Templars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, wi 11
hold its regular meeting today at 7 p. m. in The Sons of Temperance hall
on Ontari 0 st. (1)
2023 - L Sept. 29: 1/4 - The order of Odd Fellows in this ci ty wi 11 dedicate
their new hall in Spangler's block, tomorrow evening at 7. (2)
2024 - L Oct. 4: 1/4 - The Good Templars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, will hold
its regular meeting this evening at 7 o'clock in the Sons of Temperance
hall on Ontario st. (1)
2025 - L Oct. 11: 1/4 - The Good TempIars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, wi 11 hold
its regular meeting tonight at 7 0' clock in the Sons of Temperance hall on
Ontario st. (1)
2026 - L Oct. 18: 1/4 - The Good TempIars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, will hold
its regular meeting this evening in the Sons of Temperance hall on Ontario
st. (1)
2027 - L Nov. 8; adv:2/6 - The Forest City lodge No. I, Daughters of Samaria,
will hold a fair Nov. 12 in Freemout hall. The Daughters of Samaria
seek out the unfortunate, particularly the unfortunate inebriate, to pluck
such from the depths of intemperance and degradation. In d\)ing this we
shall rely for assistance upon the wise disposer of events and a benevolent
public who will help us to imitate the example of the good Samaritan
of old. Harriet A. Davis, P. D. Julia, and A. J. Tillman. P. P. D. (l)
2023 - L Dec. 6: 1/4 - The Good Templars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, 1. O. G.
T., hold their regular meeting tonight in the hall of the Sons of Temperance,
Ontario st. south of Public Square. Signed, Mrs. M. A. Headley, W.
C. T., and Chas. H. Slocum. (1)
2029 - L Dec. 20: 1/4 - The Good Templars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, will hold
their regular meeting tonight at 7 at the Sons of Temperance hall, Ontario
st. (1)
2030 - L Dec. 24:3/2 - The anniversary of St. John's dCly will be celebrated
by a festival of the Masonic fraternity at the American House Dec.
26. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31 1856
Abstracts 2031 - 2040
ORGANIZATIONS - Fraternal & Benevolent (Cont'd)
2031 - L Dec. 27: 1/4 - The Good Templars, Cuyahoga lodge No. 62, will
hold their regular meeting this evening at 7 p.m. in the Sons of Temperance
hall on Ontario st. (1)
Military
2032 - L Jan. 3:3/5 - The Cleveland Grays wish to announce that they are
giving a grand concert at the Melodeon hall on Jan. 14. (2)
2033 - L Jan. 9:3/2 - The Cleveland Grays announce a grand concert to be
given on Jan. 14 for which the Dodsworth brass band from New York has been
engaged at great expense, also the celebrated harpist, Mr. James, and the
Gray glee club.
The annual ball is to be given by the Grays on Jan. 15. (3)
2034 - L Jan. 16: 1/4 - The "Grays" made a fine showing in the street
parade yesterday, headed by Dodsworth's band.
"It was hard marching through impacked snow but the movements were as
regular as if they had been dri 11 ing on the f1 oor of their armory hall." (I)
2035 - L Jan. 16: 3/2 - The Cleveland Grays' ball at Johnson's hall on
Jan. 15 was the most elegant and largely attended affair held in Cleveland
for the past two years.
Dodsworth's band furnished music for the occasion. (1)
2036 - L Feb. 8: 1/4 . The Cleveland Grays are drilling every night preparatory
to their visit to Cincinnati. They are determined to excel any
rivals in drill while there. (1)
2037 - L Feb. 8:3/2 - The ball given by the Cleveland Grays yesterday at
the New Grays' armory was enjoyed by approximately 90 couples. (2)
2038 - L Feb. 25: 1/4 - The Cleveland Grays returned from Cincinnati, where
they did nobly in drills. They brought many new laurels. They have received
highest encomiums from Cincinnati papers and military men present.
(5)
2039 - L Mar. 3: 1/4 - At a meeting of the joint committee of the Cleveland
Grays and the Cleveland Light Artillery, held on Mar. J, a resolution
was passed that a vote of thanks be tendered to the people of Cincinnati
for the hospitality shown these companies on their recent visit
to that city, when they took part in the celebration of the anniversary
of the birthday of George Washington. (8)
2040 - L Mar. 19: 3/2 - The Cleveland Grays are to give their last ball
of the season at their armory tonight. The Grays will be in uniform and
it is expected that other military men will appear in military uniform.
225
(1)

226
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2041 - 2048
ORGANIZATIONS - Military (Cont'd)
2041 - L June 18: 1;'4 - The Cleveland Grays, along with other military
units, are to be the guests of the State Fencibles at Columbus tomorrow.
"Let us hope that no clarion of war shall ever sound to give them the
more exciting but hardly more pleasing employment of amputating the necks
of our enemies, and demonstrating, to outsiders as well as to ourselves,
the superiority of our citizen soldiery over the forces raised by conscription
to oppose them." (4)
2042 - L June 21: 1/5 - The Cleveland Grays returned home yesterday from
Columbus, where they had been the guests of the State Fencibles, whose
hospitalities are still on the lips of the Grays. The DAILY CAPITAL CITY
FACT stated on }.me 19 that the Cle'v-e1and Grays presented as fine a military
appearance as has ever been seen in that city. (7)
2043 - L Aug. 11: 1/5 - The Cleveland Grays have leased the Atheneum, which
they are fitting up for a convenient drill and ball room. When finished
it is expected that it will form, by far, the most magnificent armory in
the west. (2)
2044 - L Aug. 25:3/2 - The parents of the boys who have had the benefit
of drill under Capt. T. S. Paddock and others, and who feel an interest
in such drills, are requested to meet at the armory of the Cleveland Grays,
Center st., Aug. 26 at three o'clock, to take steps toward giving him
suitable compensation for his valuable services. (2)
2045 - L Oct. 9:3/2 - The ball and supper of the Cleveland light artillery
at Armory hall tomorrow evening will furnish an occasion for lovers of the
dance to enjoy a pleasant evening with the gallant members. (2)
2046 - L Oct. 23: 3/2 - The Gray's ba 11, one of the largest as well as one
of the most fashionable parties of the season, took place last evening.
Every citizen of Cleveland regards this gallant company an honor to tre
city. (2)
2047 - L Oct. 30: 3/2 - The second semi -monthly party of the Cleveland
light artillery will take place at their armory tomorrow evening. (1)
2048 - L Nov. 8; adv: 2/6 - The members of the national guards, Companies
A and B, will hold their first annual festival on Nov. 14 at Gray's armory.
Tickets are $2 a couple. Supper will be served at the American Hotel.
All mi I i tary gentlemen are requested to appear in uni forms. The commi ttee
of arrangements consists of, Capt. C. 1. Hayward, Company A; Lieut. E. C.
Mi lIer, Company A; Capt. Wi lliam Hopkins, Company B; Lieut. F. Kittredge,
Company A; Lieut. J. J. Hough, Company A; Lieut. F. C. Prentiss, Company
A; Serg't. J. M. Gorham, Company A; Lieut. W. H. Eckman, Company B; and
Lieut. A. Gurty, Company B. (2)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31. 1856
Abstracts 2049 - 2059
ORGANIZATIONS - Military (Cont'd)
2049 _ L Nov. 18:2/6 - The Grays invite their friends to attend a social
hop at their armory on Nov. 20. (1)
2050 - L Nov. 27: 1/4 - The Grays will have a danGe this evening at their
armory. The tickets are $1.00. (1)
2051 - L Dec. 6:2/5 - To arms! The Cleveland Grays will give another
of their social dancing parties at their armory on Dec. 11. (1)
2052 - L Dec. 10: 1/4 - The Cleveland Grays will give a dance at their
armory tomorrow evening. (1)
Patriotic
2053 _ L Dec. 6: 2/6 - The Brotherhood of the Union wi 11 celebrate the
landing of the Pi 19rillls by holding their third annual festival and ball
at Chapin's hail Dec. 22. Tic1{ets are $2.00 and may be had from the
committee on arrangements or at the door.
Carriages will be in attendance at 6:30 p.m. (2)
Welfare
2054 - L Mar. 27: 1/4 - The annual meeting of the Y. M. C. A. is to be'
held this evening at 7:30 p.m. at the rooms in Northrop and Spangler's
block.
The president will present the annual report and officers will be
elected for the ensuing year. (2)
2055 - L Mar. 29: 1/4 - The annual meeting of the Y. M. C. A. was held
Mar. 27 at the rooms in the Northrop and Spangler's block, with a large
attendance. A long report was read by the president. There are now
about 150 members. The rooms consist of reading room, library, and
lecture room. (1)
2056 _ L Sept. 22: 1/4 - The Sunday school on Second st., under the care
of the Y. M. C. A., was treated to a picnic and ride Saturday afternoon.
The rooms for the former were open by S. S. Stone, and the ride was
given free by Stevens of the Omnibus line. (2)
2057 L - Sept. 30:1/4 - The Young Men's Christian Association will hold
its regular meeting tonight in the rooms in Northrop and Spangler's
block. All persons interested are invited. (2)
2058 - L Oct. 7:3/2 - There will be a meeting of the Young Men's Christian
Association in their rooms tonight at eight o'clock. (1)
2059 _ L Oct. 24:1/4 - The Young Men's Christian Association, with rooms
in the Northrop and Spangler's block, corner of Superior and Seneca sts ••
227

228
Abstract 2060
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
ORGANIZATIONS - Welfare (Cont'd)
has been quietly working its way on to a solid foundation, and is one
of the permanent institutions of our city. The library surpasses as a
Christian library and is accessible to the citizens of Cleveland. (4)
2060 - L Nov. 25:1/4 - The monthly meeting of the Young Men's Christian
Association will be held at their rooms tonight. (1)
ORPHANAGES. See Welfare - Orphanages

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2094 - 2103
PENAL & CORRECTIVE INSTITUTIONS (Cont'd)
2094 - L July 23: i/5 - The city council last nigbt authorized the repair
of city jail at a cost not to exceed $50. (2)
2095 - L July 29:3/2 - Juhn Frazee, jailor, prevented a jail break, when
he took jail breaking instruments, consisting of two jimmies, t\\O saws, and
a key for the inner door, from a prisoner codined for counterfeiting United
States coin. (4)
2098 - L July 30:1/4 - The key which John Frazee took from the prisoner in
county jai 1 the other day was well hidden. A pine block, used for a candlestick,
had been bored through wi th an auger. This key was inserted in the
hole and covered with tallow from the candle. (2)
2097 - L Aug. 5:3/2 - Officer A. Lawrence returned from Columbus Aug. 3,
having safely delivered to his keeper the escaped convict, Edward Murphy.
Lawrence received the $50 reward. (2)
2098 - L Aug. 9: 1/5 - Thomas Watson, arrested for disturbance, escaped from
the officers yesterday. (1)
L Aug. 12: 3/2 - See Juvenile Delinquency
2099 - L Aug. 14: 3/2 - In a letter to the editor, "Bigelow" says: The city
should spend its money more usefully by building a workhouse, rather than
by building fountains in the Public Square. "Then, too, there are boys
from ten to 17 years of age stealing, drinking and gambling allover the
city. A house of refuge is needed to keep them off the streets and out of
the penitentiary in later years." (8)
2100 - L Sept. 5; ed: 1/5 - After severa 1 people had hunted and captured an
escaped state penitentiary convict, they were rewarded for all their expense
and trouble with ten dollars. "How were they rewarded by the officials
of the institution, for their energy and expenses of railroad travel, etc?
By handing them, after much hesitation, the paltry sum of ten dollars!
Shame on such meanness." (4)
2101 - L Oct. 31: 1/4 - The reform school commissioners, appointed by the
state legislature to receive donations for such a school, to select a site,
report plans, and estimates, will hold a session at the Angier House in this
city on Nov. 6. (4)
2102 -L Nov. 6: 1/4 - Phi 11 ip Furst escaped from jai 1 yesterday. He had
been arrested on a charge of stealing a coat. (1)
PERIODICAL PUBLICATIONS
2103 - L Jan. 7: 3/2 - GRAHAM'S iIli:1gazine and the HOME JOURNAL are at Hawks
and Brothers. The HOME JOURl\AL contains the first chapter of a new novel
by Willis, the IDLEWILD EVENING LAMP, which is very attractive.
233

238
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2145 - 2153
PHOTOGRAPHY (Cont'd)
2145 - L Dec. 5; adv:3/2 - Daguerreotypes and ambrotypes are taken In the
best style of the art at W. C. North's fine art gallery, 79 Superior st.
(2)
2146 - L Dec. 6; adv:3/1 - W. C. North's fine art gallery, No. 79 Superior
st. Life size photographs finished in crayon, oil, and india ink. These
pictures equal in beauty and surpass in correctp.ess portraits obtained in
any other way.
Daguerreotypes sent by express, with directions as to color of hair, eyes,
and complexion, will be promptly finished as desired, and warranted true to
life.
Daguerreotypes and ambrotypes taken in the best style of the art. (2)
2147 - L Dec. 6; adv:3/1 - Brown's American ambrotype gallery is located at
No. 95 Superior st., over the Library association rooms. The public is most
respectfully invited to call and inspect this new style of likeness, taken
in Cleveland only by E. W. Brown. (1)
2148 - L Dec. 6; adv: 3/2 - Ryder, In the Merchants Bank bui Iding, was awarded
the highest premium for the best portraits on exhibition at the recent
state fair. He reminds the people of the advantages of giving photographs
as Christmas and New Year's presents. (1)
PHYSICIANS. See Medical Profession
PLAYS. See Theaters
POETRY & POETS
2149 - L July 23: 1/5 - A. G. Dickey is the agent in this city for the subscriptions
of the works of Carol ine M. Congdon, a 14 year old inval ide One
of the poems is called "Let Me Weep." (2)
2150 - L Nov. 28: 1/4 - A very neat and beautifully illustrated edition of
Thompson's Seasons, containing also a memoir of the poet, by Murdoch, has
been issued from the press of H. Butler and Company, Philadelphia, and IS
for sale by H. P. B. Jewett. (2)
POISONING
2151 - L July 25: 1/5
he chemically tested
trace of poison.
- J. Lang Cassels requests that we publish the fact that
the stomach and contents of Dewey F. Judd and found no
(2)
2152 - L Aug. 5: 1/5 - In a letter to the editor, J. Lang Cassels says: "Today
I have chemically examined the stomach of Dewey F. Judd and also the contents
of said stomach. I tested both for corrosive sublimate and arsenic,
neither of which substances being present in either test." (2)
POLICE
2153 - L May 1: 1/4 - Officer Lawrence bad a lively time on Apr. 29 arresting
a fellow on the charge of disturbance. The man, after swimming across the
river in full dress, meekly followed Lawrence to jail. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2154 - 2161
POLICE (Cont'd)
2154 - L May 7: 1/4 - Officer Stedman went to Alliance a few days ago,
following the receipt of a telegram from Pittsburgh which stated that a
man charged with swmdling was on his way to Alliance. When the expected
train arrived, the man was soon found and arrested, thanks to the
telegraph. (3)
2155 - L May 14:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the commissioner
of police was authorized to make necessary repairs on the eighth
ward station house. (1)
2156 - L June 17: 3/2 - R. C. Stevans has resigned his commission as a
police officer of this city. He will, however, act "on his own hook" 10
arresting any person whom he knows to be a suspicious person. (4)
2157 - L Oct. 22: 3/2 - At the city council meeting last night it was
resolved that uniform cap and dress be provided for each member of the
day police. (3)
2158 - L Nov. 18: 1/4 - Yesterday members of the city police department
made their appearance in the new uniforms provided for them by the city
counci 1. (2)
2159 - L Dec. 29:3/2 - The city police will hold a festival and ball at
the Weddell House on the evening of Jan. 15. The price of tic1iets will
be $3 and all surplus money will be appropriated to charitable purposes.
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS
2160 - L Nov. 4; ed:2/1 - "Let Judges of Election remember that they are
liable for refusing to admit the votes of those legally entitled to give
them. It has been so decided by our Supreme Court on a suit against
Judges of Election for refusing to receive the vote of a colored person
who is more than half white.
"We state this as we are informed that if such a vote is refused in
this city the question will be tested here by a suit against the Judges
thus refusing the vote." (4)
2161 - L Nov. 11; ed: 2/1 - Let it be required by law that every voter
should register his name at the place where he intends to vote ten days
before the day of election. If it be in the city, he shall register his
name in the ward where he intends to vote and shall not be allowed to
vote in any other. The trifl ing inconvenience and expense attendir:g this
method would be no objection when compared with the importarce of the
end accomplished. If a man were absent from home at the proper time for
registering his name, he could have it done by a friend. A list of the
names registered should be held by the judges, and no one not down on the
239
(4)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2165 - 2169
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS (Cont'd)
Cleveland & Cuyahoga
----------------
2165 - L Mar. 24; ed:2/2 - In a few days the city will be called upon to
hold an annual charter election. The question has attracted very little
attention thus far. Such lukewarmness is a thing very unusal in this
city. If a pro-slavery party carries the chracter election it will be hailed
as a great Democratic victory.
"Let us nominate an open Republ iean ticket composed of men who have
the best interest of Cleveland at heart and we shall carry our point
against all the opposing factions that may array themselves against us.
Let us commence operations immediately." (7)
2166 - L Apr. 1; ed:2/1 - Citizens of Cleveland favorable to the formation
of a "Peoples Ticket," to be supported at the coming charater election,
are requested to meet Apr. 3 at the regular place for tte holding
of elections in their respective wards. This meeting will be held for
the following purposes: To nominate candidates for trustee and assessor
in each ward; to appoint six delegates to meet in the city convention;
to nominate an infirmary director, a city commissioner, a water works
commissioner, a police clerk, justices of peace, and constables. (6)
2167 - L Apr. 2: 2/4 - In a letter to the editor, "A Citizen" says:
Proper qualifications for good justices of the peace are necessary as
this office is of great importance. The selection of proper and suitable
men for that office has been neglected by the people. It is of
importance to our business men and taxpayers that they select the right
men for magistrates. The office of constable is just as important. (7)
2168 - L Apr. 3:2/3 - In a letter to tbe editor, "Index" says: "In yesterday
morning's LEADER, I notice an article signed 'A Citizen,' which seems
to take high ground in regard to the qualifications of a Justice. In
this he is right. But when speaking of having persons elected who 'will
not have our citizens daily dragged from their shops and stores, to serve
as jurors, to the neglect of their own business,' how are we to understand
him: would he take them from the class of 'professional stool pigeons'
who daily infest our courts of justice in this city?.. Now, we believe,
when a man is found with all the qualifications mentioned in the article
referred to and that person has added thereto years of experience, and
is in office, the best way is to keep him in •.•.
"Need I say that John T. Philpot, for three years last past has done
his duty in every particular.... He merits not only re-election, but the
plaudit of 'Well done, good and faithful servant. "' (5)
2169 - L Apr. 5; ed: 2/2, 3 - The delegates of black Democracy met at the
court house yesterday to nominate a pro-slavery ticket. Of the 46 delegates,
Pierce has three and Buchanan five, of which two are doubtful.
H. G. Clark was appointed chairman and D. M. Davidson secretary. H. B.
241

244
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2175 - 2181
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - Cleveland & Cuyahoga (Cont'd;
2175 - L Apr. 7; ed:2/2 - Last evening a conversation was overheard
among some prominent "Loco-Focos" in which it was pretty distinctl'! stated
that an independent candidate was tv be put on the track today for the
sole purpose of defeating Perry Prentiss for the office of pol ice clerk.
"Young men of Cleveland, take this thing in hand and see that Perry
Prentiss is elected." (2)
2176 - L Apr. 9; ed:2/1 - A comparison of the votes cast on Apr. 7 for
city officers reveals the fact that, while the body of the People's ticket
was defeated, the remainder was generally successful. The counci Imen
stand as follows: People's ticket, 8; Democratic ticket, 4.
The following is the majority vote for counci Imen in the various
wards: First ward, Winslow, 36 vote majority; second ward, Oviatt, 42;
third ward, Mollen, 194; fourth ward, Ransom, 64; fifth ward, Krenbel,
63; Wallace, 36; sixth ward. Rice, 6; seventh ward, Tice, 25; eighth
ward, Hunt, 57; ninth ward, Palmer, 44; tenth ward, Masters, 40; eleventh
ward, Kirkpatrick, 20.
It is remarkable that the "Know-Nothings" on the Democratic ticket
ran ahead of their co-adjutors.
And yet these men prate ('.bout "Know-Nothingism." This is "Loco-Foco"
consistency. (9)
2177 - L Aug. 14:3/2 - Esthan Rogers, Esq., (R) will fill the vacancy
in the cou!lcil 2S a result of the special election in the ninth ward.
The figures In the election are as follows: Rogers, 149; Cady, 115;
McLain, 1. (2)
2178 - L Aug. 18; ed:2/1 - The Republicans of our county had a harmonious
convention on Aug. 16. The nominations are all fit to be made. The nominees
for judges of co:nmon pleas, Messrs. Bolton and Bisbop, are well known
men of most excellent judgement and well versed in the duties pertaining
as to the office to which they will be elected.
"The nominations wi 11 do much toward enabl ing the Republ ieans of
Cuyahoga to roll up her proportion of the 100,000 majority the Buckeye
State is destined to give Fremont and Dayton." (5)
2179 - L Sept. 17: 3/2 - At the ci ty counci I meeting last night the mayor
was directed to give notice of an election for justice of the peace, to
be held to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of A. M. Case. (3)
2180 - L Oct. 7; ed: 2/1 - "The Cuyahoga County Ticket is one every way
'fit to be made,' and we trust the Republ ican voters of our country wi 11
give it worthy support. Cu}ahoga County v.ili roll up a gallant vote on
Tuesday. " (1)
2181 - L Oct. 14; ed:2/1 - "Spurious RepUblican tickets are abroad in to
this country. Starkweather for judge is placed upon some of our tickets.
Look well to your ticket." (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2182 - 2190
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - Cleveland & Cuyahoga (Cont'd)
2182 - L Oct. 14: 2/1 - At a meeting of the !"remont club held on the
west side, Henry Chapman was nO:i1inated as a candidate for justice of
the peace to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of A. M. Chase. (2)
2183 - L Oct. 14; ed: 2/1 - "In Heaven's name, let the Republicans of
Cleveland be vigilant today. Let the glorious young men work, work,
and let the old men lend the sanction of their presence." (4)
2184 - L Oct. 1:; ed:2 /2 - "The small-fisted farmers of Cuyahoga county
have made a glorious report of themselves, bravely rebuking the insolence
of our Buchanier opponents, who contend that the Laborer should be owned
by the employer of labor. In every town of the county, so far as heard
from, the Republican ticket has made large gains, and in every town we
are triumphant. We would especially congratulate our fellow ci tizens
upon the overwhelming defeat of the candidate for a judgeship who declared
that 'no man has been imprisoned ill Kansas who did not deserve to
be.' If such men wish to be promoted to offices of honor and trust, they
will have to emigrate from Cuyahoga." (3)
2185 - L Oct. 15; ed: 2/2 - "Nobly has Cleveland come out of the contest.
Since our spring election, 800 foreigners have been naturalized here,
the great majori ty of whom voted against us. Sti 11 the 'greasy mechanics'
of our noble city have rolled up a glorious majority for the Republican
ticket, a majority that we wi 11 double in November." (3)
2186 - L Oct. 15:3/2 - The election in this city passed off very quietly.
No drunkenness or disorder was visible. This was mostly due to the fact
that the liquor stores are closed on election days. (2)
2187 - L Oct. 16: 1/4 - At the city council meeting last night funds were
appropriated to pay the clerks of election. (1)
2188 - L Oct. 20:2/2 - Complete returns of Cuyahoga county show a Republican
majority of 2,253, a gain of 1,833. (7)
Municipal
2189 - L May 13; ed:2/3 - In several cities the "Know-Nothings" have
been badly beaten in municipal elections. When the opposition unites on
a Republican platform, pro-slavery is licked. (2)
2190 - L Oct. 18; ed: 2/1 - Baltimore Election: Swann, Union American,
13,893; Wright, Disunion Democrat, 12,238; Swann's Majority, 1,554 (sic)
"The contest turned chiefly on the question of nullification and disunion
in the event of Fremont's election. Those in favor of supporting
Fremont's administration in the event of his election against the schemes
of the disunion Buchaneers, it will be seen, carried the city by a handsome
and decided maj ori ty. "
245

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2193 - 2199
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - Ohio (Cont'd)
2193 - L july 17:2/1 - Governor Chase has ordered a special election to
be held the second Tuesday in October to fi 11 the vacancy of the Hon.
Leverett johnson, representative in the general assembly from Cuyahoga
county. (1)
2194 - L Aug. 2; ed:2/2 - Cuyahoga county will be called upon in the ensuing
state election to choose a representative to take the place of the
late Hon. Leverett johnson. The eastern townships are satisfied with
Brayton, and Cleveland has one representative and senator; therefore
selection should be left to the western townships, for if we want a
strong and united Republican party we need men from all sections, thereby
getting a solid vote throughout the county. (8)
2195 - L Aug. 30: 2/1 - It is of the greatest importance that the Republ icans
of Ohio should roll up a heavy majority at the state election. Our
opponents are silently but surely at work. "Friends, don't trust too
much in these monster demonstrations, but rely chiefly upon thorough
town canvassing." (2)
2196 - L Sept. 2; ed:2/1 - Yesterday, C. P. Wolcott, Esq., of Ravenna
was nominated for the vacant office of attorney general. "He is a
strong and well tried man, and his nomination will give great satisfaction
to the Republicans of northern Ohio." (1)
2197 - L Sept. 29; ed: 2/3 - We published today the appointments for the
township meetings, preparatory to the October election. "If every township
will do its duty, our majority will be over two thousand. Trust
in God and keep your powder dry." (2)
2198 - L Sept. 30; ed:2/1 - There are but two weeks to our state election
in Ohio.
"Now let these days be filled wi th untiring labors. Not a thousand
men in Ohio would vote the Buchanan ticket if they were thoroughly posted
as to the position of parties .•. men and brethren, in view of these momentous
facts, work now for God and Humanity, for Liberty and Justice and
the perpetuity of the free institutions of our fathers." (4)
2199 - L Oct. 6; ed: 2/3 - Only one week more to prepare for the state
election.
"There has been some loud thunder already, but we have promised a
regular stunner from Ohio. If you say so, boys, we can give it to them.
Pass the word along the 1 ine. Call in all the recrui ts and beat the
drums for more. Stand to your guns, soldiers of Freedom, and do not
sleep upon the eve of battle. Remember the word, not less than 100,000
majority." (5)
247

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2206 - 2211
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - Ohio (Cont'd)
2206 - L Oct. 10: 3/2 - An old Democrat says: Of course, the mighty
party call ing itself the "Democratic" did not convene mass meetings on
the days of our county fair; of course not, oh no. It only happened so
in Cuyahoga, Mahoning, Summit, and a great many other counties. It was
the only way they could get any show of attendance. (2)
2207 - L Oct. 11; ed: 2/3 - "Men of Oh i o! Remember the example of Iowa,
and Vermont, and Maine, and Connecticut. How gallantly all the Free
States are taking place on the side of Freedom and the Inviolability of
pI ighted Fai th! Let Ohio remember that she is the queen State of the
Union, and thus demean herself in this great crisis." (2)
2208 - L Oct. 13; ed: 2/2 - "Let every Township and ward be thoroughly
supplied with workers. See that every man whose vote will count for
freedom is at the polls and votes.... Friends of Fremont and Freedom,
put everything else aside, and on Tuesday work. Challenge every voter
whose right to vote you at all question, and when the sun goes down on
the evening of the 14th, if you have done your whole duty, a glorious
victory will crown your efforts." (12)
2209 - L Oct. 13; ed:2/3 - The Fillmore candidate for the board of public
works is William Oldfield. The Union ticket of "Fillmowners" and
"Buchaneers" has the name of Wayne Griswold as thp. Democratic candidate.
"We are informed that special messengers have been sent to all parts
of the country to distribute their fraudulent ticltets. People of Cuyahoga,
look out for these frauds which will be attempted next Tuesday, and
mark the men who are engaged in them." (16)
2210 - L Oct. 13:2/4 - Miller M. Spangler, sheriff of Cuyahoga county,
notifies the qualified electors of said county that Oct. 14 is the day
appointed by law for holding the general election in the state of Ohio. (6)
2211 - L Oct. 14:2/2 - In a letter to the editor, B. S. Lerow says:
"Will you do me the favor to publish the following note which I received
through the post office, and my answer to the same which I have
appended?
'B. S. Lerow, - Dear Sir: You are particularly requested to attend a
meeting of the Fillmore club at their room, corner Bank and Center st.,
on Saturday evening, Oct. 11, at 7 o'clock, to make arrangements for the
coming State election. If you cannot come, send in your place of residence
and the number of the Ward in which you vote to the Cleveland office
before Monday night. Oct. 13. Per order of Mr. H. H. Bigelow Sec'y. '
'Mr. H. H. Bigelow, Sec'y - Your letter of the Sth inst., is received
and contents duly noted. I shall not vote for Mr. Fillmore. If I were
to vote for either of the Candidates of your party, I should greatly prefel'
Mr. Buchanan. He stands square upon his feet and in a more manly position.
I am a Republican, sir, and shall vote and co-operate with the men
249

250
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2212 - 2218
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - Ohio (Cont'd)
who are laboring to elevate to the presidency that clear-headed, right
minded, and strongwil1ed young man, John C. Fremont. I thank you for the
honor of your invi tation, but I can't come to you. If you are very
anxious to see me, you will find me tomorrow at the polls of the First
Ward, where I shall be vigilant, be watchful, be on hand. With due respect,
B. S. Lerow, a soldier of 1812." (5)
2212 - L Oct. 15; ed:2/1 - Ohio still keeps her place at the head of the
column of free states. From returns received, with the exception of the
city of Toledo and a few towns in Sandusky county, the Republican ticket
has everywhere made large gains. "The Republicans of Ohio have made a
noble fight and won a most signal victory." (14)
2213 - L Oct. 16; ed: 2/1, 2 - "This morning we repeat the returns from
Ohio given yesterday, and add such additional returns as have since come
to hand. We have but few results south of the National Road, but these
few indicate the same healthy gain that prevailed in the North. Ohio,
God bless her, has spoken out most nobly in this great emergency. The
Reserve counties especially, have rolled up a gallant vote." (20)
2214 • L Oct. 17; cd: 2/1 - "Most gallantly has this eldest daughter of
the Great OrdiLance of Frerdom proved her legitimacy. However the battle
mdY have gone elsewhere, Ohio stands by the great cause of Human Freedam....
It now remains but to pick up our flints and prepare for the
great contest of November, when Ohio will give the gallant pathfinder of
the Empire a majori ty that wi 11 ever be tall{ed about as one of the great
facts of history." (3)
2215 - L Oct. 17; ed:2/1 - "A large and respectable portion of the German
vote of our State was with the Republ ieans on Tuesday.... Freedom and
Humanity have cause to thank the 1 iberty loving Germans for their fidelity."
(2)
2216 - L Oct. 17; ed:2/1 - "The young men of Ohio aided in no small
measure in rolling up the glorious Republican vote of Tuesday. In Cuyahoga
county for our great gain we were very greatly indebted to the
labors of the members of the young men's Fremont club of this city.
With so glorious a cause, and such gallant workers, how could we have
been otherwise tean successful?" (2)
2217 - L Oct. 17; ed:2/3 - The Fi llmourners: "These graceless political
lazzaroni have succeeded in showing the Feebleness of their numbers and
the bitterness of their ,:ate. The principle result of their work in this
campaign is the defeat of Sam Galloway, a man W:lO honored his office and
his district and who is an honor to our State." (2)
2218 - L Oct. 18; ed:2/1 - "The last census shows that in proportion to
the population Geauga county had fewer citizens unable to read and write
than any other county of the state. Now look at her vote last Tuesday.
1800 Republ ican majori ty. " (4)

252
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2226 - 2228
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - State (Cont'd)
in charging the Democratic party and its candidates with anti-slavery tendencies.
The victory is significant. It indicates a spirit that is ready
to revolt when a fit opportunity offers.
"Stand firm! Working men of Missouri - for on your firmness depends the
final triumph of Free Labor; and stand firm, working men of the North, - for
on your firmness depends the final triumph of your brethren in Missouri •...
"To the working man of the Southern states we say, in nearly the words
of a somewhat celebrated dispatch: Raise the Republican Banner: No further
extension of Slavery. The working men of the North are wi th you." (10)
2226 - L May 3; ed:2/2 - The People's convention to form a state ticket for
Indiana met at Indianapolis on May 1 with approximately 4,000 persons in at-.
tendance. Henry S. Lane was chosen president. Four resolutions were offered.
The first resolution sympathizes with the people of Kansas in their struggle
and condemns the course of President Pierce in permitting the border
outrages.
The second opposes the admission of any more slave states.
The third urges resistance by all proper means to the formation of any
new slave states.
The fourth declares that the legislature has the right to suppress the
traffic in intoxicating drinKs and declares that the people are in favor of
a prohibitory law.
"The last resolution, was, in our humble opinion, a most unwise policy.
The world cannot be reformed all at once. If slavery is to be the issue, and
it cannot be avoided, let us settle that vexed question and then take up the
next greatest evi 1... . By grasping too much there is great danger that we
lose all." (6)
2227 - L June 24; ed:2/2 - Colonel Benton, "Old Bullion," has accepted the
gubernatorial nomination given him by the Missouri Democracy and has started
to canvass the state.
"He wi 11 be pretty I ikely to make 'the fur fly' on the backs of the Atchison
ruffians who are his deadly enemies. The brave old ex-Senator still
thinks himself a Democrat - sees no reason why he should not be - believes,
aye, knows he stands where he has always stood, straight up with a pretty
good 'backbone' quite often. But the Atchison faction in Missouri, the real
Border Ruffian crew have read Colonel Benton out of the party. They all
unite and discard Colonel Benton as no longer a Democrat. Can anything be
more superlatively ridiculous, even in this brood of verdant democracy?
But the pith of the joke would be, to see Old Bullion stretch himself into a
defiant attitude, and return the compliment with his accustomed - 'you lie,
Sir. It, (5)
2228 - L Aug. 12; ed:2/2 - As the state of Maine holds the first of the fall _
elections in the eastern states, great interest is felt in its result. The
Democrats have sent $20,000 and Howell Cobb of Georgia and Senator Benjamin
of Louisiana to teach the Buchanan Democracy to the people of Maine.

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2241 - 2248
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - State (Cont'd)
2241 - L Oct. 7; ed: 2/1 - "By telegraph report it will be seen that the
town elections in Connecticut have all gone Republica.l. So the ball rolls
on." (1)
2242 - L Oct. 8; ed:2/2 - "Our Ruffian opponents, aware of their lack of
votes, are plott ing a Republ ican defeat by a system of most damnable frauds."
Men are to be transported from Kentucky and Missouri into Indiana and Illinois,
and from New Jersey into Pennsylvania to carry these states for the
Democratic party. "Ballot-Boxes have been stuffed in California, and Ruffians
have said who should and who should not vote in Kansas. But death
awaits upon the wretches who attempt such games in Ohio." (6)
2243 - L Oct. 9; ed:2/3 - "'Michigan all Right! Unexpected Triumphs! •..
The tide is turning,' says the PLAIN DEALER.
"Such is the flapdoodle that Gray spoons out to his patrons. The Marquette
election turned wholly on a railroad question. We know not how it
was with the Representative. but both candidateS fOl Senate were Democrats.
It is a mere triumph of one Buchanan man over another on a railroad question.
But Gray suppresses a11 the important facts of the case, and humbugs his
readers with the idea of a political triumph. Hard pushed!" (3)
2244 - L Oct. 11; ed:2/3 - The Fillmore and Buchanan men instituted a close
alliance against the friends of freedom in the Connecticut election. Yet
our friends were strong enough to win over their combined forces. The result
is most promising for Fremont in November. "So Connecticut has spoken.
Iowa, Vermont, Maine, Connecticut, push on the column! Crow, Gray, Crow."
(4)
2245 - L Oct. 13; ed: 2/4 - "The campaign has so far given us the following
glorious Republican Pyramid: Iowa, 8,000 majority; Maine, 24,000 majority;
Vermont, 21,000 majority; Connecticut, 7,000 majority. Thus the people in
four of our smallest populated States have spoken out in a voice of thunder,
denouncing the terrible atrocities committed in I{ansas in the name of a proslavery
Democracy by giving a Republican majority of sixty thousand." (9)
2246 - L Oct. 14; ed:2/1 - "The small fisted farmers and greasy mechanics
must take care of themselves today. The Ballot is sti 11 theirs, and if
they will not use it for their own protection they deserve to be owned."
2247 - L Oct. 15; ed: 2/2 - "We have this morning but few returns from
Indiana. A dispatch from Schuyler Colfax's district says he is making a most
glorious run." (3)
2248 - L Oct. 15: ed:2/2 - "If our dispatches from Pennsylvania are correct
and are specimen examples of what are to follow from that region, then Mr.
Buchanan's friends have swept the State.... It should be borne in mind
that these returns are almost entirely from Democratic counties. We shall
wai t wi th a good deal of anxiety for further returns from Pennsylvania."
(11)
255
(1)

256
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2249 - 2255
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - State (Cont'd)
2249 - L Oct. 16; ed: 2/2,:3 - "We have given all the returns we have from
Pennsylvania. The returns, it will be noticed, are almost universally
given in gross numbers, and wi 11 undoubtedly be subjected to many variations
by the official report. The telegraph has already commenced the
work of correcting gross errors. From the present state of the vote,
as well as from the character of the counties to be heard from, we are
quite confident the Union ticket has carried the State." (I8)
2250 - L Oct. 16:2/3 - Our picture gallery:
Gray reading the last dispatch from Pennsylvania.
A Fillmourner putting on airs before election.
A border ruffian office-holder listening for
further news from Pennsylvania. (9)
2251 - L Oct. 16; ed: 2/3 - "The haters of Border Ruffianism have carried
Pennsylvania by a respectable majority. With so good and growing a
cause as ours, small majorities will soon grow into towering numbers.
Fremont sweeps the whole north." (8)
2252 - L Oct. 17; ed:2/2 - Reports are received from all but 12 counties
in Pennsylvania.
The vote stands as follows: Democrats, 28,406; Union, 33,025.
"The Fi llmore and Republ ican headquarters are thronged. Speeches
and processions are the order of the evening. The excitement is immense."
(9)
2253 - L Oct. 18; ed:2/2 - Our oplIl1on is thal we shall not have the
true result until we have the official count, which we believe is made
today. If we are defeated in Pennsylvania now, it is barely a defeat.
The majority against us is only normal. That our friends will bear
their banner in glorious triumph through the smoke and fire of the November
conflict we have not a doubt. (13)
2254 - L Oct. 18; ed: 2/2 - "The result in Indianet is a Buchanan governor
by a majority in the neighborhood of 5,000, and a Buchanan House. The
Republirans have carried the Senate and a majority of the Congressional
delegation." (1)
2255 - L Oct. IS; ed: 2/2 - A summary is given of the incomplete returns
in the several states and a prediction made of a Republican majority
based on previous elections aud the incomplete returns of this one. A
concise but detai led analysis is made of the Pennsylvania record for
several elections, and the work of the Republican party in getting out
the vote is extolled highly.
"And that our friends wi 11 bear their banner in glorious triumph
through the smoke and fire of the November confl ict, we have no doubt.
Iowa, 8,000 majority; Ohio, 40,000 majority; Maine, 24,000 majority;
Indiana, 5,000 majority; Vermont, 21,000 majority; Connecticut, 7,000

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2269 - 2274
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - State (Cont'd)
the county clerk to seal up the returns until the board of canvassers
met, the forcible invasion of the polls in Baltimore, and their projected
seizure in New York, all show that the Buchanan party is the party of
frauds. With that name posterity will brand them." (7)
2269 - L Oct. 31; ed:2/2 - "Investigations have already brought to light
the fact that in one ward of Phi ladelpbia, after the polls were closed,
all the Republican ballots were taken from the box, and others of a
different character substituted. In another precinct one of the inspectors
testifies that his two associates offered him $300 to withdraw and
allow them to count out the ballots. It is by such high-handed frauds
that our Ruffian opponents seek a victory." (2)
United States
2270 - L Jan. 7; ed:2/1 - Ex-senator Atchison, chief of the border
ruffians, is no longer a candidate for the U. S. Senate. "We are glad
that he has sense enough to lmow he would disgrace the Senate Chamber." (1)
2271 - L Jan. 22; ed:2/1 - The Democracy of Alabama recommended Franklin
Pierce for the presidency. "We trust their recommendation will be accepted."
(1)
2272 - L Jan. 23; ed:2/2 - George Law, proprietor of a line of steamers,
has fallen into the hands of sharpers. They pursuaded him, so experienced
a ship owner, that he should guide the "ship of state." The old
man is a very good judge of vessels, but a poor judge of the politicians
of New York state.
One politician suggests a friend of his could start a paper at the
town of Squagg and advocate Law for president, for three or four thousand
dollars. All are anxious to serve him but need money for the cause.
They are having a rich feast. It will do Mr. Law good and teach him
something he doesn't seem to know. He is a mi serable pi ece of timber to
make a president of, but there is an apology for his insane aspirations
when such a wretched political hack, Franklin Pierce, could be elected. (6)
2273 - L Feb. 2; ed:2/1 - George Law, prominently spoken of as a candidate
for president, bas shut down on pecuniary outlays for the campaign.
"In other words, he refuses to be bled further for electioneering purposes.
" (1)
2274 - L Feb. 4; ed:2/1 - "Loco-Focos" and southern "Know-Nothings" deserted
their first candidates and uni ted on a common basis and nominated
a new man. They were beaten by the party which never swerves from its
purpose.
"Republicans, shall we not rejoice over our triumph?" (2)
259

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2298 - 2303
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
Let the TRIBUNE either openly express its opinions or give to others
permission to offer a fair interpretation of its words. (8)
2298 - L May 10; ed:2/2 - The Democratic party cannot nominate one of
its prominent leaders Vi' i thout taking upon its shoulders a load of sin,
corruption, and inconsistency. They are either a false pretender to
manly courage, treacherous, a nobody, or a political invalid.
"We ought to use every honest exertion to turn out of power these
weak and weakened men, whose wild and visionary theories have been
tested and found wanting. Above all, we ought to drive from our shore,
foreign influence, and cherish American feel ing ..•. Let us then learn
wisdom from experience and forever banish this fiend from our society."
(11)
2299 - L May 10: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Justice" of Fremont,
0., says: I believe that "G. G. "is mistaken in his view as stated
in his article in the Cleveland HEARLD, in which he holds that Fremont
is favored as presidential candidate by the majority of Republicans.
"It would be hard to determine the choice of anyone in the territory,
but certainly very few favor Fremont." (2)
2300 - L May 12: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "X" of Cincinnati says:
Certain unnamed gentlemen claim that in order to carry Pennsylvania in
the next presidential election, they must give up its known and tried
men. It is wondered if these reports come from Pennsylvania. Chase,
Seward, or Hale, can get those votes but an unlmown or doubtful man
never could. It would be well if the gentlemen in Washington would
remember that the views of the capital are not those of the entire nation.
A hold, positive position in favor of restricting slavery to state limits
would win thousands of voters. (16)
2301 - L May 19; ed: 2/1 - The PLAIN DEALER says the bloody code in Kansas
must be maintained.
"This will be the great question during the coming presidential campaign
and we are glad to see all the administration arrayed on the side
of the cut-throats. Republicans, there is a good time coming." (1)
2302 - L May 22; ed:2/1 - The "Know-Nothings" of Louisiana, warm supporters
of Fi llmore, declare in their platform that they wi 11 oppose all
who advocate a distinction between Roman Catholics and Protestants.
Fillmore in his recent tour of Europe received his warmest welcome at
Rome.
"There may be a great deal of Know Nothingism about the Fi llmore-
Donelson creed, but it contains precious little Americanism." (2)
2303 - L May 23; ed: 2/3 - Joshua Giddings, veteran soldier in the Republican
party, expresses hope that the nominee of the Philadelphia
convention will be elected and believes the importance of the issue will
267

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2308 - 2311
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
60 feet long. They regard the nomination of Buchanan as certain.
"Their confident tone is certainly not calculated to allay hostility
against their idol." (11)
2308 - L June 2; cd: 2/2, 3 - Commotion is increasing at the Cincinnati
convention, and there is now a fair possibility that tbere will be
a civil war - in a political sense. The war between the factions is
growing fiercer all the time. Pierce stock is still going down. Buchanan
seems most likely to be nominated. Douglas stock is not increasing.
Many men publicly for Pierce are privately trying to defeat him.
only those who have no hope of office under another candidate are friends
of Pierce.
"Alas! that human nature should be so treacherous and so selfish.
Gray and Payne are here doing their utmost for Douglas. May they
succeed!" (10)
2309 - L June 3; cd: 2/2 - Last night, at the Democratic headquarters
in Cincinnati, a pro-slavery rally was held. It is understood that
Kentucky delegates wi 11 vote for Buchanan after a few prel iminary
ballots. Most of the northern delegates who are office seekers will
vote for Buchanan. However, most prominent officials in the country
know that the election of Douglas is their only hope of salvation.
The South may make a show of adherence to Pierce.
"Buchanan may, after all, be thrown overboard; and oh what a commotion
his overthrow wi 11 produce." (15)
2310 - L June 4; ed: 2/1 - Who may be nominated at Cincinnati? Whoever
receives the nomination of that convention has got to carry out the
work commenced by Douglas and Pierce. The Democratic party is sold
to the slavery propaganda - and it has got to do its master's word.
The TRIBUNE of June 2 well says: "But with no intelligent Northern
man can it make a pin's difference whom that Cincinnati convention may
nominate.... We doubt not the candidate, be he who he may, will find
as ex-President Fillmore is finding, that the votes of Northern freemen
are not to be disposed of by packed conventions, and contriving
pol i ticians. "
2311 - L June 4; ed:2/2 - Outside of reserving the best seats possible
for "Locofoco" ne\'."spaper reporters, no part ial i ty has been shown them
at the Cincinnati convention. No one could enter the hall without a
ticket. The Benton delegates, refused certificates by the committee,
forced their way into the hall. When order was restored, Colonel
Medary was conducted to the chair and he thanked the delegates for the
honor bestowed upon him. The Reverend Nicholson, in offering prayer,
alluded to the perils of the Union and spoke of the Democratic party
as a great party but did not pray for its success. Several times a
Benton delegate arose to speak and was as often cried down.
269
(4)

276
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2336 - 2339
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd'
produced quite a sensation. He drew a vivid contrast between the Philadelphia
and Cincinnati platforms. His eulogy and advice to the people
were masterly efforts. About nine 0' clock a bonfire was bui It.
"Such was the first grand Republican rally of the campaign in this
city. Let the work go on." (14)
2336 - L June 24; ed:2/1 - If there is any man in this land worthy of
the respect and kindly treatment of every honorable citizen, that man
is Reeder. Yet a few days since, a Pennsylvania editor had the meaness
to insinuate that Reeder was a traitor to the free state interests of
Kansas and would support Buchanan. This lie, base and cruel, was at
once silenced - but silenced only to be brought out again in Cleveland.
The CLEVELANDER states: "We are informed by good authori ty that
while in this city Reeder stated to a leading Democrat that he had
not left the Democratic party and that he should vote for Buchanan."
"The 'authority,' if you please, Sir, let us know who it is that
is so anxious to keep this base falsehood afloat, for a more unconditional
lie was never set upon its feet.
"In view of the circulation of this falsehood a few Kansas men issued
a card stating their belief in the fidelity of Reeder toward the Free
State men of Kansas." (6)
2337 - L June 24; ed:2/2 - At the Philadelphia convention Mr. Cass
stated that the right of man to govern himself has been assailed, adding
that the Kansas settlers are wrong in their claim that a legislature,
foreign to the territory, is making the laws.
"What a base perversion!... Who will be deceived by such a villainous
cheat?" (4)
2338 - L June 24; ed:2/2 - Benjamin T. Hallett, of Massachusetts sayS:
"The petty issues of Black Republicanism upon the pretended rights
of rebellion in a Territory, the falsely assumed responsibility for
the violence of a single individual, which they attempt to fasten upon
the whole party - aye, and their lying 'freedom of speech,' which means
Senatorial blackguard ism, to be enjoyed with impunity by demagogues who,
under its cover, indecently assail the aged and venerable, and then
shrink from personal responsibility for insolence - all these black
mists will be cleared off by the broad sunlight in which the Democracy
stands upon its platform, and with its candidates before the country -
the supremacy of its laws, and their enforcement under the Constitution
against all traitors, first and foremost, to conserve the Union."
"And by such instruments are we to be subdued! Let us rather, by
one bold and hearty effort, tread them beneath our feet." (4)
2339 - L June 25; ed:2/1 - Who ever knew a political campaign to open
with the unanimity and enthusiasm that is manifest in the Republican
ranks. Why, of course, John C. Fremont will be our next President.
That fact may be considered as certain as the succession of seasons.

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2340 - 2342
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
What civilized people would support a party that unreservedly approves
of the ruffian act of smiting a senator to the floor for maintaining
that freedom is better than slavery for our young terri tories? There
can be no question as to the results of the presidential election. The
parties have clearly defined tbeir positions. The issues are fairly
made up and well understood. The cowardly need not remind us of the
power and union and shrewdness of the slavery propaganda. We know well
their omnipotence in the past - but they never before made such claims
as now. From every battle-field of the world's history, wherever civilization
has made an advance over barbarism, wherever freedom has put
to rout her ancient foe, there come cheering voices full of encouragement
to the soldiers of freedom in this contest. (15)
2340 - L June 25: 2/2, 3 - The ratification meeting at Cincinnati on June
23 was attended by five or six thousand persons. The Germans are a!most
entirely for Fremont. Reemelin stated that Fremont commands admiration
for his manhood and towers above all competi tors in this contest. "Fremont
knows how to make free states."
Judge Hoadley says: "We don't want a Shaker president.... They say
we ride a 'wooly horse' - well if we do we are sure of one thing and
that is he can run.... And this party of young America, with Fremont
as its head, WIll win in the course that IS now begun." (14)
2341 - L June 25; ed:2/3 - The division of the anti-administration party
is the only hope for the border ruffians in the coming election. The
last state election shows that in every free state the opponents of the
administration are in the majority. At a meeting of the New York Fillmore
natiollal club recently, various resolutions were passed, one of
which was to change the name of the club to the American Republican
national club, and to recognize freedom as national and slavery as sectional.
"The people will close up their ranks - and the Border Ruffians will
be made to bite the dust. He who doesn't see it is blind to the signs
of the times." (12)
2342 - L June 25:2/3,4 - After the adjournment of the Philadelphia convention,
the New Jersey delegates proceeded to Trenton to inform William
Dayton of his nomination as vice president. Dayton stated that he duly
appreciated the unsolicited honor not only for himself but on behalf
of his state. He holds that the constitution protects slavery where it
is, but does not sanction its extension. Kansas has his heartfelt
sympathy. A road from the west to the far west would tend to increase
interior commerce.
"Let us, as far as possible, soften the acerbity of the contest; let
us have no controversies with persons, but platforms." (11)
277

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2367 - 2371
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2367 - L July 8; ed: 2/2 - It was a most happy idea selecting Phi ladelphia
as the place for the convention of the people on June 17, to nominate a
standard bearer for the new revolutionary conflict upon which we are
entering. The platform of principles by that body has been characterized
by Fremont as the "second declaration of independence."
"How fitting that the banner of our Fremont should first be unfurled
on a spot so nobly consecrated by the footsteps of the noblest of men,
the fathers and founders of our Republ ic. May it not be that the Ensign
of the Free upl ifted in Phi ladelphia may rest like a spiri t of
Liberty and Peace upon the White House?" (13)
2368 - L July 8:2/2,3 - In a letter to the editor, an anonymous writer
from Bedford says: The Republ icans of the "Union can congratulate themselves
for the enthusiasm which everywhere manifests itself for Fremont,
and the sympathy which our platform and its living issues inspire.
We intend to meet and organize a Fremont club and do our part in the
November election. (10)
2369 - L July 11; ed: 2/1 - Today we lay Colonel Fremont' s letter of
acceptance before our readers and "declare its author to be the man
for the occasion. The men whose labor is their capital, will note
how bravely he augues their right to Kansas, which he truly states
is the issue of the campaign." (3)
2370 - L July 11; ed:2/2 - The contest of 1856 is between capital and
labor. Our opponents trump up all manner of false issues. They charge
Fremont is a Catholic, and a slaveholder.
We hope the Republican press gives little time to these falsehoods,
but impresses upon the minds of the public the issue of the campaign,
"that capi tal that is is invested in human sinews is desperately attempt
ing to wrest from Free Labor, from all men who work for their living,
a broad domain of free territory rightfully the inheritance of Labor.
Working men, forget party affiliations and think of the issue so vital
to your interest." (9)
2371 - L July 14; ed: 2/2 - The South is always uni ted when slavery is
the issue, while the North is always divided on every question. In
this campaign there are indications that the North is coming together.
Our divisions heretofore have been our defeat. The elements of this
gathering power have been disjointed, disorganized, and often warring
upon each other.
The elements of pulitical power are gathering and melting into one
will and one purpose.
"We are no longer Democrats, no longer Whigs, no longer Know Nothings,
no longer Free Soi lers, no longer Hards, Softs, or Si 1 ver Grays; but
MEN, - men earnest for the right and pledged al ike to Liberty. We have
sworn upon the altar of our country that RUFFIANISM shall not rule us ....
We march to the music of our own inspiring motto:
"Free Speech, Free Press, Free Soi I, Free Men, FREMONT and Victory!"
(14)
283

284
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2372 - 2377
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont' d)
2372 - L July 15; ed: 2/3 - It is not strange, with so important an issue
at stake, that men should worry about their neighbor states. But men
are men, and we can depend upon all northern or free states, with help
from some of the broader minded southerners, to support the cause of
right and vote for Fremont. (7)
2373 - L July 15: 2/3 - In a letter to the edi tor, "A Clevelander" says:
Among the many passages of burning eloquence which this campaign is
daily giving birth to, the followicg will take rank among the best that
it has been my fortune to hear. I chanced to be at Waterford, Penn., on
July 5, when I heard there was to be a Republican meeting, and I concluded
to drop in. The meeting was called for the purpose of forming
a Fremont club. After the meeting was organized, a young man from Illinois,
a delegate to the Phi ladelphia convention, was called on to make
some remarks. Speaking of the issue, said the speaker:
"The cause in which we are engaged is the cause of right, or the principles
of eternal justice are a solemn mockery, and the gems of truth
which God has studded the immortal mind, are but so many specimens of
a bogus moral coin."
It occurred to me, Mr. Editor, that that kind of talk was hard to beat,
and from the effect it produced, I judge the crowd thought so too, and
I thought it too good to be lost. (10)
2374 - L July 16; ed: 2/2 - In this country of self-made men and Democratic
institutions a poor, ragged orphan boy may become president, even
when a man's father is of no consequence. It is thought infamous to
taunt a man with his father's shortcomings, but, even so, the PLAIN
DEALER taunts John C. Fremont. "We would suggest to the PLAIN DEALER
that Democracy recognizes no religious tests, neither does it ask who
your father and mother were; only asks, is he capable, honest and the
friend of the Union and the constitution." (6)
2375 - L July 17; ed:2/2 - The Herkimer county (N.Y.) COURIER, a Democratic
paper, refused to run up the Cincinnati nominations, but agreed
to a regular called convention. The convention was called on July 12
and it was resolved to support Fremont and freedom. So the famous "Tenth
Legion" of New York Democracy is in 1 ine for Fremont! "Who dO'lbts his
election?" (4)
2376 - L July 18; ed: 2/4 - Rereading Colonel Fremont's letter accepting
the Phi ladelphia nomination, we admire it for its beautiful simplicity.
"It is straight-forward and to the point without evasion or declamation.
He does not lose his identity in the platform. He retains his selfrespect,
and rings out his battle cry in unmistakeable language." (2)
2377 - L July 19; ed:2/l - That song singing has been introduced into
Fremont meetings was a cause for complaint at a Buchan

286
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN.· 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2384 - 2389
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS -. United States (Cont'd)
2384 - L July 23; ed: 2/2 - The PLAIN DEALER accuses us of misrepresenting
Judge Bliss in his recent speech and tells us what he said,. as
follows:
His position was that the Democrats, individually or as a party, in
the making of the laws of our country or in administering its government,
are with the intention and design of .extending slavery beyond its present
limits. and this, he said, was necessarily so from the democratic
principles.
"Isn't that clear? Isn't that a well defined position? Who can say
it isn't .democratic? Not we; for we confess it is a position beyond
our comprebension." (3)
2385 - L July 23; ed: 2/2 - We are glad to learn from tbe PLAIN DEALER
tbat Judge Bliss. and his party friends, who sympathise with tbe ruffian
violators of Kansas, are not wholly lost to shame.
"But the people wi 11 not bel ieve the softening of the speech by the
PLAIN DEALER. for they know Bliss is not a man to lose his head on the
spur of the moment, and what he said was not what he meant. But let
him not blame us, buL rather be thankful for the realization his home
is among people who recognize christian principle and are actuated by
humane sentiments." (5)
2386 - L July 23; ed: 2/2 - The PLAIN DEALER need not attempt the assertion
that the Republicans of Cleveland would tolerate the interruption
or intimidation of a Buchanan meeting. "But when men stand up here. and
openly declare that no man in Kansas is in prison who ought not to be,
they must expect to meet the indignation of outraged public sense." (2)
2387 - L July 23; ed:2/2 - The Hon. W. M. Burwell of Virginia, one of
the ablest· men in the movement of the.South, says: That neutrality in
this crisis would be little better than treason; therefore, he will vote
for the Democratic candidates because the opinions avowed by that party
upon the subject of slavery represent his own.
"Freemen of tbe North who believe freedom is better than slavery,
allow themselves to be divided upon mInor questions while the South
is uni ted to a man." (7)
2388 - L July 23; ed: 2/2 - A Republ ican mass meeting is being held in
Fremont, O. "No section of the country bas came up to this Republican
work like the North Western counties of Ohio.... Let us all go and
have one of those good old fashioned. times." (5)
2389 - L JulY.24; ed:2/1 - The PLAIN DEALER says that James B. Clay, son
of the Union loving Clay has come aut for Buchanan.
"And James B. Clay inherits about as much of the keen sense and lofty
spirit of the 'great Clay' as do a pair of the 'great commoners' old
breeches." (2)

288
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1866
Abstracts 2396 - 2402
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
President, Dr. W. M. Prentice; vice presidents, B. G. Hunt, E. Rogers,
C. W. Schmidth, and john Kirkpatrick; treasurer, C. A. Crumb; secretary,
jason Canfield. (6)
2395 - L july 29; ed:2/1 - The Wayne county DEMOCRAT says: In the vote
taken among the workmen in Wasson's car manufactory of Cleveland, Fremont
received 69 votes and Buchanan 2. Wasson would not allow a man
to work for him who professes Democratic principles.
"This charge again:st Mr. Wasson is false, and the editor of that
sheet knew it to be so when he wrote it. Mr. Wasson is one of our most
liberal, energetic, and esteemed citizens."
(4)
2396 - L july 29; ed:2/2 - We hear from New York that Ohio is claimed
for Fillmore. "Forty thousand majcrity for Fremont in this state is
as low as we have heard the vote placed by any intelligent and fair minded
man. Let our friends east have no fear of Ohio." (3)
2397 - L july 30; ed:2/1 - Most of the Democratic exchanges continue to
deny that Herbert is a member of their party and that he was a delegate
to the Cincinnati convention. "The truth is, he was a delegate to that
convention. He attended its meetings; he was every night in caucus with
other delegates, and by advice of his friends gave up his seat." (3)
2398 - L july 31:2/3 - j. R. F. says that the "Young Men for Fremont"
meeting at Dayton was a great success, more than 100,000 having gathered
there. No man who is in Dayton today will longer doubt Fremont's election.
(19)
2399 - L Aug. 1; ed:2/1 - The influence which Ohio can exert upon the
other states may be of more value than her electoral vote. If she can
show an overwhelming majority for Fremont such as never has been given
belore, it wi 11 enl iven the other states to greater efforts. "But if
we g'ive no more than our electoral vote our time is wasted." (14)
2400 - L Aug. 1; ed:2/2 - The Fillmore meeting last night was well attended,
but there was no Fi llmore enthusiasm. At the close of the meeting
the crowd gave three cheers for the Union and three for Fremont. (4)
2401 - L Aug. 1; ed: 2/2 - We said th3.t a candidate could not be held
responsible for the character of the men who support him, but we do say
the men who support a candidate are responsible for his conduct. The
Democratic party did sustain Brooks and Herbert; therefore, they are
responsible for their conduct. (3)
2402 - L Aug. 1; ed:2/2 - Alderman Fulman the witness of the New York
EXPRESS, says that he met Colonel Fremont in Washington in February,
1862, and heard him declare himself a Roman Catholic. "The first contradiction
in the story was at once detected by thousands, who know the

290
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2410 - 2415
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2410 - L Aug. 6; ed:2/2 - It was Daniel Webster's influence with the
leading classes that sustained Fi llmore' s administration and enabled
it to weather the storm of northern indignation which some of its measures
had aroused.
Fi llmore, who owed everything to Webster, promised that he would
not run for re-election. In spite of this, he kept his name up for
nomination. When Webster saw that nei ther of them could get anywhere
on this basis, he asked Fillmore to withdraw, so that he himself might
carry the support of the South. Fillmore was not man enough to do this,
so Webster in shame went back to Maryland to die, hlt made this remark
after losing the respect of the North, "I thought I asked but little
when I desired the united vote of the South." (19)
2411 - L Aug. 7; ed: 2/1 - The second grand monster meeting of the young
men of Ohio was held yesterday in Fremont. With but a single railroad
running into the town, over 25, 000 attended. The young men's meeting
was a success far beyond the most sanguine hope. They are showing the
abiding depth of the Fremont feeling. (15)
2412 - L Aug. 7; ed:2/2 - The editor of the PLAIN DEALER is troubled
over the number in attendance at the Fremont meeting. "We wi 11 wager
Gur straw hat that there were more people at Fremont on Wednesday, than
will attend all the Buchanan Conventions to be held in this state from
now until November." (2)
2413 - L Aug. 8: 2/2 - James Myers, former 1 i eutenant governor of this
state, has always been one of the very pillars of Ohio Democracy. But
he declined the nomination for Congressman, saying that he could not
act with a party that supports the Cincinnati platform. He says he will
appeal to all his Democratic friends to cast aside all prejudice, weight
the great question of the campaign, and vote for freedom and Fremont. (15)
2414 - L Aug. 8: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "R" says: At a Democratic
meeting recently held in New York, a butcher by the pame of
Rogers said, "Fremont eats dog meat." A man in the crowd yelled loud
enough to be heard that Fremont never ate as much dog meat as every
man in the room had eaten. Rogers asked the man to prove his statement.
The man arose and to the surprise of everybody in the room sa id, "1
shouldn't think you would need proof of anyone who has made sausage
for you as long as 1 have." The effect was electrifying and the meeting
bruke up with cheer upon cheer for Fremont. (4)
2415 - L Aug. 9; ed: 2/2 - In this great pol itical battle now going on
in our land, many know that the government must be rescued from the
hands of the semi-barbarians now controlling it, but are doubting that
it can be done. But if every believer of true government will turn out
and vote, victory is certain. (13)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEL 31, 1856
Abstracts 2416 - 2421
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2416 - L Aug. 9; ed: 2/2 - The complete rout ing of the American party
in Kentucky must close up the contest for Fi llmore. He cannot carry
a single state, for the South is solid for Buchanan. Di\iding the
North is but yielding a plurality for Buchanan. "Toe North must unite
and vote every Free State for Fremont." (6)
2417 - L Aug. 9; ed:2/3 - The PLAIN DEALER, in almost every number,
continues its statement that, whi Ie he was a senator, Fremont struck
Senator Foote in the face and drew blood. The statement is entirely
false. Fremont did not lay hands upon Foote nor did he attempt to,
altnough he was greatly abused by the Mississippi blackguard. The fact
is that Foote arose and made a speech before the Senate reflecting
offensively upon certain Cal ifornia measures.
After the speech, Fremont asked Foote outside for having used language
in describing Californian legislation and senators that no gentleman
should use. Foote jmmediately struck bim in the face, but others
nearby prevented any further controversy. (4)
2418 - L Aug. 9:2/3 - Francis P. Blair, representative-elect from St.
Louis, is a strong and brave man who dares to stand up in a slave state
and fight for freedom. When the Democratir. party nominated him, they
never thought he would be elected, but he was. Now we can take heart,
for we have a man among the stronghold of the slaveholder fighting for
freedom and right. (5)
2419 - L Aug. 11: 2/1 - The duty of the Republicans in Ohio is to secure
an unbroken delegation in the House and to give the state ticket a
round majority of 100,000. Let us organize Fremont clubs and "Jessie
Circles," circulate the documents. and not forget personal individual
effort. (2)
2420 - L Aug. 11; ed:2/2,3 - The present struggle between freedom and
slavery has brought out expressions from different classes indicative
of the deepest interest.
The clergy of the North are not exceptions. Many of this class have
avowed in the strongest language their hostility to the encroachment
of slavery. Because these men have the courage to speak the truth and
stand up for freedom and liberty. the South cries out that it is an
outrage. A man of the gospel has no right to mix in politics; however,
when we refer to the struggle of 1776, it is found that the clergy not
only preached for freedom and revolution, but formed and led companies
of fighting men.
"These of today will show their courage by voting for Fremont." (18)
2421 - L Aug. 12; ed: 2/2 - Last night about 300 people gathered on Bank
st. to witness the dedication of a hall to be used by those who approve
the repeal of the Missouri compromise, the establ ishment of slavery in
all our free territories, and the outrages in Kansas. H. B. Payne, Esq.
291

292
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2422 - 2426
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
performed the duties of orator. A stupider, more pointless speech than
Payne's we have never 1 istened to. For a man to stand up and claim the
Democratic party is not responsible for the outrages in Kansas, the
veto of the lake and river bill, the attack upon Sumner, and other
outrages in Congress, proves they are afraid their actions are to be
their downfall in November. (12)
2422 - L Aug. 12: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor, J. M. says: "I am
an Irishman, and when I came to this country I looked upon the Democratic
party as the one more harmony with the constitution, so always gave it
my support. But I find Democratic theory and practice are two different
things. By the blood of the murdered Keating which was made to flow
by the hand of a Democratic legislator, I cannot give my vote to their
party this fall." (6)
2423 - L Aug. 12:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Oliver" says: I was
afraid that the gloomy shadow of slavery from Kentucky and Virginia
would influence southern Ohio, but after traveling over that part of
the state, I have found that southern Ohio will show by the ballot box
that she is as true to freedom as she was before to slavery. (6)
2424 - L Aug. 13; ed: 2/1 - In the revolution there were no better patriots
than the women; let their daughters show the same zeal in the cause
of 1 iberty now. "Let them use their influence to secure the election
of Fremont and the Freedom of Kansas." (1)
2425 - L Aug. 14; ed: 2/1 - Geauga, Lake, and Cuyahoga counties are
holding a convention in Painesville to nominate a congressman and
presidential elector.
So eager were the people to re-nominate the present representative
that they could not wait for the permanent organization of the convention.
As soon as the temporary chairman took his place, Edward Wade
was re-nominated by acclamation.
The Hon. Aaron Wilcox of Painesville was, by acclamation also, nominated
as district elector. No mnn enters into this contest with a
warmer or more intelligent zeal, and no name could have given more substantial
character to our electoral ticket. (1)
2426 - L Aug. 14; ed: 2/2 - That infernal blow of the slave power struck
at Senator Sumner ought to be sufficient in itself to arouse the North.
The deed itself was atrocious, and the brutal tyranny which impelled it,
the cold blooded barbarity that now upholds it is so outrageously at
war with the spirit of our institutions and common civilization that we
cannot understand how men of patriotic impulses. with even the slightest
claim to humane feelings can support Buchanan for president. "Has this
Nation sunk so low in barbarism and cruelty as to sanction these atrocities
by its verdict in November?" (13)

294
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31. 1856
Abstracts 2432 - 2438
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2432 - L Aug. 16; ed: 2/2 - In this great struggle of 1856 we certainly
have the young men of all the free states with us, and in this struggle
for liberty all are gathering around the standard of the young
and brave Fremont.
"They will gather around the pillars of Freedom: and bear up in
their giant strength the glorious temple our noble old fathers erected ....
When the bloody legions of Ruffianism and Depotism dare profane the
precints of that temple, they shall be annihi lated forever." (16)
2433 - L Aug. 16; ed: 2/3 - The Hon. B. Stanton of the Springfield district
has been renominated by the Republicans. "There is wisdom in such
a course, and with the exception of Harrison and Moore, we hope it will
be the treatment bestowed upon everyone of our members." (4)
2434 - L Aug. 16:2/4 - In a letter to the editor, J. W. says: By a transposition
and repetition of the letters of the name of Fremont, this sentence
appe(lrs: "Not for one term." Although this is not in accordance
with tl-te rule governing the formation of anagrams, it may be regarded by
the curious as an omen that the hero of the Rocky Mountains will occupy
the White House for more than four years. (3)
2435 - L Aug. 18; ed: 2/2 - Pursuant to a call signed by 66 Democrats who
voted for Medi 11 for governor last fall, maf'Y people assembled at the
old court house on Aug. 16. The house was crowded and many were not able
to get in.
These men have lost all faith in the Democratic party and its administration
of the government. They are earnest, liberty-loving men who
have seen their fondest hopes of 3 reformation of their party trailed in
the dust and have found themselves called on to kneel at the shrine of
slavery; not indignant, but in despair, they abandoned their standard and
joined under the banner of liberty, freedom and Fremont. (15)
L Aug. 18; ed: 2/2 - See CHURCHES & SECTS - Mormons
2436 - L Aug. 19: 2/3 - In a letter to the edi tor, a "Penamite" says:
While on a train to Cleveland, I took a vote of the passengers, with the
following results: Fillmore 5, Buchanan 6, and Fremont 47.
"The above is about the same wherever I travel." (3)
2437 - L Aug. 20; ed:2/1 - Judge Bliss, who declared on the steps of the
court house that "no man was imprisoned in Kansas, who did not deserve
to be," has been preaching Demoracy to the people of Berea, Obed in,
and regions beyond. "We hope he continues, for speeches, such as he makes,
can but help the cause he opposes." (4)
2438 - L Aug. 20; ed: 2/2, 3 - The friends and admirers of Thomas Jefferson
and of the Democracy of which he is called the father are slow to break

296
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2444 - 2450
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
this evening by the Democratic lovers of liberty. Fremont speeches will
be made by Thayer and others. (2)
2444 - L Aug. 25: 1/5 - 1. he meeting of the Fremont Democrats at the court
house on Aug. 23 was well attended and t.he following officers were elected:
President, Charles Wason; vice presidents, Theodore C. Sears and
N. P. Bowler; secretary, J. S. Miller; treasurer, B. L. Spangler; executive
committee, Wm. Collins and J. E. Williams. (I6)
2445 - L Aug. 26; ed:2/2 - Some people wonder why the name of Fremont
stirs the hearts of the masses. Whenever it is heard the response is
hearty, outgushing, irrepressible. It is because he is the man of the
hour, the man from the people, of the people, and for the people.
It is the work of God. In 1776 when a man was needed to lead we had
Washingtvn. Now when we need someone to lead us back to freedom and
liberty, we are provided with Fremont.
"Fremont has been called by God, Buchanan by politicians, and ruffians.
The people understand it. In November they wi 11 thunder thei r
mighty verdict." (13)
2446 - L Aug. 26: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor, George S. Clapp says:
The Republican meeting held at Columbia, Lorain county, exceeded the
expectations of its most sanguine friends. The crowd was mostly farmers,
which speaks well of the hold the Republican cause has on the country.
There were about 2,000 in attendance. They were addressed by Messrs.
William Slade, Bolton, and Shelden. (9)
2447 - L Aug. 26; ed:3/2 - Last night about a dozen wagons preceded by
a band were driving up toward the new fountain on the Square. The wagons
were covered with brush so you could not tell how many were within. Now
watch the PLAIN DEALER come out about the big Buchanan parade. (6)
2448 - L Aug. 26:3/2 - C. W. Clisbee and H. G. Perry of Cleveland addressed
a Republ ican Fremont meeting at Brecksvi lle on the evening of Aug. 22. (1)
2449 - L Aug. 27:1/4 - A Mr. Sharp, a street preacher, will lecture this
evening in front of the court house. His subject wi 11 be "The lives and
futures of Fremont and Buchanan." (l)
2450 - L Aug. 27; ed:2/2 - Never before in the history of political welfare
in this country has a man been subjected to such mean and ferocious
attacks as those by which Fremont is assai led by the ruffian press and
orators of today. They are absolutely outrageous and unparalleled. One
is no more brought up and proved ali e than they invent another.
"Very well, gentlemen ruffians, go ahead. You are acting out your
nature, you are developing the ruffian instincts vf the party to which
you cling, and that will be the end of you. Our glorious young man will

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2474 - 2479
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
as having retailed the state lie that Fremont is Catholic. If
Judge Ranney is retailing that story, he is no longer fit for the Bench
of Ohio - he lacks important requisites - and should be removed. (1)
2474 - L Sept. 5:2/2 - Sil:ce the passage of the appropriation bill,
no word has been heard of governmental interference for the protection
of settlers in K,nsas. A telegraph last night tells us that Mr.
Pierce's friends in Kansas have murdered 20 free state men while they
were defending their homes.
"There are men here in Ohio, a few of them, who are anxious to vote
t.leir approval of these accursed outrages, by giving their vote for
James Buchanan! Heaven protect the Freemen of Kansas!" (3)
2475 - L Sept. 8i ed: 2/2 - "Gray has devoted almost his entire room
for two days to tht:: nonsense about Fremont's Breeding Cows. This is
the whole matter in a nut shell, either Fremont is blameless in that
affair, or else prominent Democrats are great swindlers. This story
of the cows is an old affair. Years ago, it was brought up in Congress,
and voted an unmitigated lie. If any OGe cares to investigate
the affair, let him C

304
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2492 - 2497
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
our faces in the dust, and submit to a yoke as oppressive as that
which curses the worst whipped Negro on a Southern plantation?" (12)
2492 - L Sept. 16; ed:2/l - The Buchanan forces have been thrown into
wild confusion by the results in Maine. Many are attempting union
with the Fillmore forces in a desperate attempt to stem the tide.
"The result in Maine has settled the ma.in question; that Fremont
will carry every free state. It is now merely a question of majorities." (4)
2493 - L Sept. 16; ed:2/2 - The policy of the Cincinnati platform is:
We hold Negro slavery to be right; that there are no more defects or
evi Is connected with southern society than with that of the North; the
Negroes are Negroes and not white men, and therefore, the institution
of the South is not slavery, but natural relations with the races. The
whites have the right to spread slavery into all the free territorities
and even into the free states of the Union.
"The Democratic party agrees with this platform with Buchanan on
it; therefore, let no honest lover of Liberty vote the Democratic
tkket." (6)
2494 - L Sept. 16; ed: 2/2 - The Republ :cans of Baltimore held a meeting
with the intentions of forming a Fremont club. The meeting was
no more under way when it was broken up by a mob. The speakers were
shoved, beaten, and run out of town. "Free country and free speech,
but if you try to vote or speak against slavery in a southern state,
you are beaten and run out of the state. They tell us we are a sectional
party and have no ticket in the southern states, and have no voice
there. " (11)
2495 - L Sept. 16; ed: 2/3 - When Buchanan was running against Bigler
for governur of Pennsylvania, the PLAIN DEALER wrote that Buchanan
was never elected to any office except as a Federalist, that he has
not one throb of the Democratic feeling about his cold blooded bachelor
heart, that he cannot receive one third of the vote of the people for
any office.
"But a few years later the DEALER is throwing itself body and soul
behind this same man because he backs the slaveholder platform. 0' (3)
2496 - L Sept. 16:2/4 - In a letter to the editor, a "Republican" says:
Someone wrote in to the PLAIN DEALER that Geauga county would give
the ruffians a 200 majority, but they will not receive that many votes
altogether. At a flagpole raising for Buchanan, one that had been
well advertised for two weeks, not 25 were present. Fremont will take
nearly the entire vote of the county. (6)
2497 - L Sept. 17: 1/6 - In a letter to the editor, "C" says: On Sept.
13 a spirited Fremont celebration took place at the residence of Dr.

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2508 - 2513
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2508 - L Sept. 22: 1/4 - The members and officers of all Republican and
Fremont clubs of Cleveland are requested to meet this evening at 7:30
p.m. at the headquarters of the Republican association, Melodeon building,
to make arrangements to organize all the wards of this city. (3)
2509 - L Sept. 22; ed:2/2 - General Cass, in a recent speech at the Tippecanoe
meeting, said that the cry that the Union is in danger is not a
false alarm, adding that if you had been in the halls of legislation,
you would have seen a party blocking the wheels of government because
the arm} was to be paid for enforcing the laws of the land.
"The laws that the Representatives did not wish to appropriate money
for were the laws forced upon Kansas by a Legislature elected by a foreign
vote, striking down freedom of the peers and freedom of speech, and
forcing slavery upon people desirous to be free. These were the only
laws the U. S. troops had been used to enforce, and had it not been for
these wicked bogus laws there would not be any occasion for troops in
Kansas. " (15)
2510 - L Sept. 22; ed: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor, A. S. Halls says
that S. D. Dann, the postmaster of Jefferson, 0., heretofore the most
rabid Buchanan man, this morning ran up a flag for Fremont. The flag
of Fremont fluttering from his bui lding shows results that wi 11 lead to
many a change. (2)
2511 - L Sept. 22:3/2 - In a letter to the editor, G. McFarland says:
On tbe evening of Sept. 19, the young men of North Brooklyn met at the
new brick school house, district No.1, and formed a Fremont club. The
following officers were elected: President, B. R. Beavis; vice-president,
Seth Sheldon; secretary and treasurer, G. McFarland; executive committee,
J. B. Slull, F. Dolton, and J. B. Lewis. (3)
2512 - L Sept. 23: 1/4 - A Republican mass meeting will be held at Euclid
station on Oct. I at 10 a.m. at which time a Fremont and Dayton flag
pole will be raised. (1)
2513 - L Sept. 23; ed: 2/1 - General LahID, "Buchaneer" candidate for Congress,
in a speech in Wayne county, said that if Fremont is elected no
southern man of honorable feelings will consent to serve in his cabinet,
and the southern states wi 11 not elect members to Congress. If Fremont
in his attempt to compel them calls out the army, the southern forces will
refuse to obey.
"These are the men who accuse us of being sectional, boldly shouting
the cry of disunion in case Fremont is elected. They appeal to all who
hold the Union sacred to vote for the candidate of the Slave Democracy,
as the only way to prevent the South from open rebellion. We are to be
bullied into the support of Buchanan by the threat of disunion! Citizens
of the Free States, are you ready for this?" (6)
307

308
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2514 - 2519
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2514 - L Sept. 23:2/1 - Mr. Clay will speak on the political issue of
the times at the Public Square at seven o'clock this evening. (2)
2515 - L Sept. 24; ed: 2/1 - On accour.t of the heavy rain last evening,
the meeting place for hearing Cassius M. Clay was changed from the front
of the old court house to the inside. Many had to be turned away. Clay
spoke for about an hour and a half. He traced the history of slavery
from the beginning to its present attempt at the gigantic robbery of
free labor's inheritance in the territories. "The facts and arguments
of this part of Clay's lecture ought to be more than enough to convert
the whole nation." (2)
2516 - L Sept. 25:2/1 - Republican electoral ticket. Senatoria.l electors:
Caleb B. Smith, Hamilton county; Jacob Perkins, Trumbull county. Representative
electors: Districts - 1st, John B. Stallo of Hamilton; 2d, Richard
M. Corwin of Hami lton; 3d, Peter Odl in of Montgomery; 4th, Jacob S. Conkl ill
of Shelby; 5th, William Taylor of Hancock; 6th, E. P. Evans of Adams;
7th, William H. P. Denny of Warren; 8th, James R. Hubbell of Delaware;
9th, Robert G. Pennington of Seneca; 10th, Francis Cleveland of Scioto;
11th, John Welch of Athens; 12th, Daniel Humphrey of Licking; 13th, Henry
D. Cook of Erie; 14th, Eugene Pardee of Wayne; 15th, John M. Hodge of
Tuscarawas; 16th, Davis Green of Washington; 17th, Miller Pennington of
Belmont; 18th, John S. Herrick of Portage; 19th, Aaron Wilcox of Lake;
20th, James Dumars of Mahoning; 21st., Amos E. Buss of Carroll. (4)
2517 - L Sept. 25: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor, Kit Carson of Clarkfield,
0., says: "We had the greatest Republican meeting here yesterday
that was ever witnessed in these parts and Dodge of your city spoke for
two hours on the question of 'Human Liberty,' and a nobler and more convincing
speech was never heard. We have but five Buchanan men in town
and if Dodge comes out here again there wi 11 not be any." (10)
2518 - L Sept. 26; ed: 2/1 - The Cleveland PLAIN DEALER of Oct. 20, 1851
said: "I hate this sham statesman, James Buchanan, who, like a colossal
huckster, sits on top of the Alleghenies, offering to sell Pennsylvania,
to sell her future and her past to South Carolina or the devil for
a chance in the presidential raffle."
"Everybody knows that the PLAIN DEALER is now one of the most noisy
supporters of James Buchanan in the whole country, but remember this was
published before his nomination." (5)
2519 - L Sept. 27: 1/5 - In a letter to the editor, C. A. R. says: Massachusetts
is going to give Fremont a 50,000 majority in the coming election;
the American party has been split and over two thirds are for Fremont.
The Republicans are putting only those candidates in the field who
will back the Fremont American party. (17)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST ] AN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2520 - 2524
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2520 - L Sept. 27:2/1 - In Pennsylvania the Buchanan men are heading
their calls for meetings, "Buchanan, Breckenridge and Free Kansas."
"What will the Southern Democracy think of their candidate, who
has one rallying cry for the North and another for tbe South?" (2)
2521 - L Sept. 27; ed: 2/3 - The Fi llmorc meet ing held on Sept. 25 in
front of the Weddell House drew a crowd of three to four hundred and
most of these were Fremont men. Captain Cutter of Kentucky addressed
the meetiLg and claimed that if Bucranan were elected he would carry
out the policy of the present administration and would cause a civil
war. This brought loud cries of "No, No," from the Buchanan men and
laughter from the Fremont group. He then went on to speak about Fremont.
The speech was in the form of a dialogue, for every time he
made a statement he was answered by someone in the crowd. After a few
attempts the captain retired, saying "It is no use in my talking for
your minds are made up."
After a few moments the president of the Fi 11 more club came forward
and made some remarks on the impropriety of dhturbing public meetings.
"But the occasion we didn't see, as there had been no rudeness manifested
on this evening, the people but very civi 11y replied to the
captain's interrogatories." (16)
2522 - L Sept. 27; ed:2/3 - The "Buchaneers" are puzzled over the rousing
majorities for freedom which the Republicans are piling up everywhere.
They don't understand the people; the) know little of what is
throbbing in the people's hearts. There the work is going on, in spite of
politician and demagogue. Away down in the quiet hearts of the
common people, like the slumbering fires of a volcano, there is a
spirit at work which manifests itself alarmingly on election day. (4)
2523 - L Sept. 29: cd: 2/1 - "They have a report in some parts of the
state that the LEADER has run up the Fillmore flag. Now, although we
do not fear anyone's bel ieving this story who knows anything about
us, we take this opportunity to say: We will 'run up' that flag when
we want to run up Salt River. ,. (2)
2524 - L Sept. 29; ed:2/2,3 - The South has but one political principle
at present, and that is the extension of slavery. Politicians in the
Sou:'h have their own views on other political questions; but they are
all made secondary to the one great principle just mentioned.
There is not one proposition in the Fillmore or Buchanan platform
that would not be sacrificed if it stood in the way of slave-extension.
"This is the obvious truth, and the Democratic party stands before
the country and the world in the attitude of the defender and supporter
of slavery-extension, recognized as such by the South, and convicted
as such by its own acts." (21)
309

310
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2525 - 2531
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2525 - L Sept. 29:2/4 - In a letter to the editor, a writer from North
Brooklyn says: The Young Men's Fremont club of North Brooklyn held a
meeting last evening, which was well attended. j. M. jones, Esq., of
your city made an excellent speech, which was listened to with much attention,
after which it was determined to hold a meeting on the evening of
Oct. 2 at this place. (2)
2526 - L Sept. 30: 1/4 - There wi 11 be a Fremont pole raising in the sixth
ward Oct. 3. The crowd will be addressed by William Slade, jr. (2)
2527 - L Sept. 30: ]/5 - In a letter to the editor, "Quidam" says: A few
weeks ago a gentleman from your city stopped at one of our Fremont meetings
and claimed ttat in the west Massachusetts was regarded as a doubtful
state. But our state will carry a large majority for freedom and liberty
and there are now ninety thousand organized under the Republican banner
and more coming every day. (15)
2528 - L Sept. 30: 2/3 - The German Fremont club meets this evening in
front of the court house. (1)
2529 - L Oct. 1; ed:2/1 - "So the evidence is multiplying on all hands,
that the contest is between Fremont and Buchanan. So it is universally
understood at the South. Whoever in the North is humbugged by this Fillmore
movement, throws half a vote for Buchanan. In view of the great
interests to be effected by the results of this election, we would earnestly
urge upon those northern men who think of voting for Fillmore, a
reconsideration of this whole matter." (12)
2530 - L Oct. 1; ed:2/2 - The position of the Buchanan Democrats of the
South is: "Slavery is the natural and normal condition of the laboring
man whether white or black. The great evil of northern Free society is
ibat it is burdened with a servile class of mechanics and laborers, unfit
for self-government, and yet clothed with the attributes and powers
of citizens. Master and Slave is a relation in society as necessary as
that of parent and child; and the northern states will yet have to introduce
it. Their theory of free government is a delusion."
Such is "Democracy" as taught and practiced and defended by the leading
supporters of Buchanan. Will you, who, according to its philosophy,
are fit only for slaves, give it the support of your vote? (15)
2531 - L Oct. I; ed:2/3 - The SQUATTER SOVEREIGN, one of the leading
papers of the war against free labor in Kansas, in its issue of Sept. 9 maintains
that the two parties cannot winter in Kansas, that they must scourge
the country of abolitionism, free soilers, and every other kind of damnableism
that exists; destroy their property, crops, and every article that
would conduce to the support of any or every person who is known or suspected
of acting, cooperating, or sympathizing with abolitionism.

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2532 - 2537
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
"We beg of all at the North to read the avowals, and then to act upon
them. Nothing but the election of Fremont can avert these crimes." (6)
2532 - L Oct. 1:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "One of the deluded"
says: "One week ago last Saturday evening the people of this town I istened
to an address given by Judge Bliss of your city. He talked for
about two hours and a half against the Republican party and almost every
word that he spoke was either a lie or falsehood. You can set Lorain down
for 2,000 majority for Fremont and if Bliss continues his missionary efforts
it may be as high as 2,500." (11)
2533 - L Oct. 2:3/2 - In a. letter to the editor, C. V. Daniels says: The
results of the vote taken on the Cleveland and Mahoning railroad, on Sept.
25 were incvrrectly given by the LEADER in its issue of Sept. 25.
"I had the pleasure of taking the above vote, which resulted as follows:
Fremont, 513; Buchanan, 125; Fillmore. 2." (3)
2534 - L Oct. 3; ed:2/1 - The Detroit AMERICAN has an article headed,
"Is the Republican party anti-Slavery?"
"The editor of that journal is anxious for fear anti-slavery men will
be deceived by the Republican party and says there is something mysterious
about the support they give Fremont.
"As to 'What's up?' it is a question which is being answered daily.
The free spirit of the northern people is 'up'; the political game of
Northern presidents with Southern principles is 'up'; the 'dander' of
the Universal Yankee Nation is 'up' and about the 4th of next November
it will be 'all up' with Millard Fillmore and James Buchanan." (9)
2535 - L Oct. 3; ed:2/1 - In 1844, in the interior of Pennsylvania, the
Democratic leaders shouted, "Polk, Dallas and the Tariff of 1842," and
displayed flags with these words. Now they are trying to deceive the
people in the same way with the banner of "Buchanan, Breckenridge, and
Free Kansas."
"We all know how the tariff of 1842 fared with Polk and Dallas. So
it will be with free Kansas if Buck and Breck get at it." (2)
2536 - L Oct. 3; ed:2/2 - "Like thousands of other honest and intelligent
Democrats, Lieutenant-governor Myers has concluded to stand by his lifelong
Democratic principles rather than wander after swamp-lights, as Douglas,
Pierce, and Atchison. Hence he supports that sterling young Democrat,
John C. Fremont." (7)
2537 - L Oct. 3; ed:2/ - California is blazing for Fremont. "Judging
from the present prospect there will be some 'thunder' from the southwest
about election time, which will jar as harshly upon the ears of our
Buchanan friends as that recently from the northeast." (6)
311

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2545 - 2553
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2545 - L Oct. 4: 3/2 - The Republic meeting in north Brooklyn on Oct.
2 was well attended. Not less than 500 were there. The Hon. E.
Wade spoke for tWJ hours and J. Shroeder delivered a speech in German
that was well received by the many Germans present. (3)
2546 - L Oct. 6: 2/2 - '" Tis time to think, time to act, time to vote!
'Tis time to labor with our neighbors, time to organize in every
township and every village. The day is near at hand, the times are
propitious. Let no man be idle. Rally to the polls like our fathers
did to the battle fields of the Revolution, and ours will be a victory
as glorious as theirs." (13)
2547 - L Oct. 6; ed: 2/2 - Cass, the time-worn sachem of the slavery
Democrats, said at the state mass convention at Pontiac that the only
question involved in the present campaign was the support or defeat
of popular sovereignty. On July 2, 1856, when the Toombs pacification
bill was before the Senate, Cass voted against it. Here is a
beautiful sample of Democratic dupl ici ty. Voters, how do you I ike
such politicians? (7)
2548 - L Oct. 7:2/1 - "Always excepting 'the three,' no State has a
truer delegation in the house than Ohio. These 'good men and true'
are all in nomination for re-election. Let no effort be spared to
give them proper endorsement." (1)
2549 - L Oct. 7; ed: 2/2 - On Sept. 4 the Wayne county DEMOCRAT repub-
1 ished the Cincinnati platform with one plank entirely omitted and
another substituted in its place.
"Defeated in argument, State after State declaring against them,
our opponents are now seeking escape by wholesale fraud and swindling.
But it is all in vain, their refuges of lies will be swept away." (6)
2550 - L Oct. 7; ed:2/2 - The Republicans of the nineteenth district
will take pleasure in giving Edward Wade a deserving majority. (3)
2551 - L Oct. 7; ed:2/2 - There is no hope for Kansas and her people
but in a change of the national administration. November decides her
fate. (9)
2552 - L Oct. 8: 1/5,6 - Buchanan men of northern Ohio are to have a
"Jubilee" in this city today. Big posters announce the attendance of
General Cass, Martin Van Buren, Douglas, and others, but now it has
narrowed down to the assurance that George E. Pugh will absolutely be
present. (28)
2553 - L Oct. 8:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Yowis," of Strongsville,
0., says, "The Republicans of this place held their meeting
313

318
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2587 - 2591
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
South' and the 'arrogance' of the idea that '16 States' should elect a
president.... This talk about the arrogance of the North, a '16 State
Candidate,' and the 'dissolution of the Union upon his election' is all
nonsense and nothing better." (3)
2587 - L Oct. 20: 3/1 - The Fremont meeting at the Melodeon on Oct. 18
may be set down as one of the best of the season. Judge Spalding spoke
for about two hours on the workings of slavery and the spaniel-like subserviency
of heartless "Doughfaces" at the north.
At the close of the address, Dodge was called upon for a song. Before
singing he explained the bitter attack upon him by the PLAIN DEALER. He
explained that the "Loco-focos" of Cleveland had tried to get him to sing
for them and had been free in their offers to pay. He refused. The "Locofocos"
mouthpiece, in perfect keeping with its character, had now commenced
abusing him. He stated that if the PLAIN DEALER wished to injure his
business because he could not be bought up, it could continue to do so.
He came to Cleveland to sell pianos and not his principles. (8)
2588 - L Oct. 21; ed:2/1 - "This is one of the garden spots of God's World.
There is probably wore general intelligence, more rational liberty, on
the, 'Western Reserve' than any other equal portion of this earth. The Reserve
is good for 20,000 majority for Fremont and Dayton." (4)
2589 - L Oct. 21; ed:2/1 - "Mr. Giddings' majority turns out to be larger
than we claimed a few days since. The noble old man is returned to his
post by a majority rising above 5,000. That's what we call being 'backed
by one's friend. '" (1)
2590 - L Oct. 21; ed:2/2 - Our Republican friends in Indiana and Pennsylvania
are again at work with not a bi t of their courage abated. Our friends
in both states are confident of gidng their electoral votes for the gallant
Fremont.
Let our friends everywhere imitate the courage of our Pennsylvania and
Indiana friends, and again with stout hearts bene to our glorious work.
2591 - L Oct. 21; ed:2/2 - With the admission of the stqte of Missouri
into the Union, our fathers entered into a salesman's agreement that north
of a certain 1 ine slavery was to be forever prohibited. The South soon
filled up her territory and then began to talk about the unconstitutionality
of the agreement.
A northern demagogue ambitious for the presidency, thinking he might
gain the southern vote, introduced into Congress a bill for the abolition
of the old line compromise. The bill was at that time defeated, but a
recent president brought executive patronage to bear and men enough were
brought up to give the treason a majority. The Democrats and their presidential
candidate have joined with these slave owners. A portion of the
(3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2592 - 2598
POLITICAL CAMP.\IGNS & ELECTIONS· United States (Cont'd)
Democrats with other citizens of the country mel,t them on this issue
with Fremont as their candidate. In all of the northern states except
Pennsylvania and Indiana, Fremont has been victorious.
In Indiana hundreds of illegal votes were thrown for the Buchanan
ticket. This cannot happen a second time.
"We rejoice that there is no longer any question in any quarter as
to the true policy now to be pursued in Pennsylvania. An independent
Fremont ticket is to be put in the field. Around such a clean and virtuous
and open ticket, with but the one great issue involved, the people
will rally, and Pennsylvania will be on the side of Freedom." (20)
2592 - L Oct. 21; ed: 2/3 - "See the telegraphic columI' for information
of a new and atrocious outrage upon free state Emigrants in Kansas. Let
every man who approves of such damnable deeds be careful and give his
vote for Buchanan and Breckenridge, and hope for the continuance of such
affairs for the next four years." (2)
2593 - L Oct. 22; ed:2/1 - The Hon. Edward Wade ran 224 ahead of his ticket
in this country, and the ticket ran 2,200 ahead of everything else.
"Pretty good running." (1)
2594 - L Oct. 22: ed: 2/1 - "Sam Meclary is urging the voters of Ohio to
repudiate Republicanism, because by supporting the Republican movement
we are acting so much like the people of New England. What an awful disgrace
to be caught in the same boat with the Yankees." (2)
2595 - L Oct. 22; ed: 2/1 - "If our opponents choose to believe that the
great presidential battle is fought, let them; but let every Republican
remember that the great fight is sti 11 ahead. Iieep your courage, good
men. We have had our winter at Valley Forge, and we will yet introduce
our Cornwall is opponents to a Yorktown performance." (2)
2596 - L Oct. 22; ed: 2/1 - "By the noise the Buchanan press is making,
one might thinl{ that the Republ ican party had been crushed out. But who
leads by scores of thousands? Add together the popular vote of the states
that have voted and see how immensely the Republicans lead. The people
are right."
2597 - L Oct. 22; ed: 2/2 - "Some of our friends are anxiously enqUlrIng
as to the wisdom of tbree electoral tickets in the field. This should
give the Republicans no alarm. Whatever the Fillmore vote may amount to,
it must be so much from Buchanan. Fremont is 10,000 stronger in Pennsylvania
than any State ticket." (4)
2598 - L Oct. 22; ed:2/2 - It is believed that four out of every SIX Fillmore
men in Indiana voted the "old line" ticket. Those votes of the Fi 11more
men were the Republicans' loss and the gains of the "old line" ticket.
319
(2)

322
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2611 - 2616
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2611 - L Oct. 25; ed:2/1 - Let the committees everywhere be now vigilant
and untiring in the discharge of their important duties. The victory
is ours if we will but seize it. Never were men charged with more
urgent duties. Never were more valuable interests at stake. The peril
is imminent. Warn the committees. (2)
2612 - L Oct. 25; ed:2/1 - The Chicago daily press is thus divided:
Seven for Fremont and one for James' platform. Chicago is a fast city,
and people there are not in favor of working for ten cents a day. The
Chicago Germans are almost unanimous for Fremont. (2)
2613 - L Oct. 25; ed:2/2 - "If you approve of the repeal of the Missouri
compromise, if you wish to have enforced the laws which the people of
Missouri have enacted for the government of the people of Kansas, if
you approve of the conduct of Atchison, Jones, and the Stringfellows, if
you wish to see Kansas admitted into the Union as a slave State, if you
wish to have the Missouri River blockaded by Border Ruffians, and if you
would have Free Labor everywhere degraded, then encourage Slave Labor,
and vote for the Buchanan ticket." (13)
2614 - L Oct. 25; ed: 2/2 - "If you wish to see defenceless settlers
of Kansas protected from the oppressive laws and outrages of their Ruffian
invaders, and that Territory sheltered in the Union as a Free State
if you would have the great rivers of the West open to the free use of
all our citizens of the country; if you would have genius, and skill, and
industry of Free Labor succored and encouraged; if you believe that the
costitutional rights of all sections of our country should be regarded,
then vote for Fremont and Dayton." (11)
2615 - L Oct. 25; ed: 2/3 - The New York DAY BOOK, one of the papers of
New York city that supports Buchanan and aspires to be a leading paper in
the Democratic party, proposes to enslave poor Americans, Germans, and
Irish who may fall into poverty and be unable to support their fami lies.
"Poor men, what do you think of such democracy? Will you give it your
votes! Poor though you may be, remember that you possess one instrument
of power, a Free Ballot." (6)
2616 - L Oct. 25; ed: 2/4 - The opposition are making strenuous efforts
to carry the city in the November election. They are leaving no stene
unturned, and all that money, fraud, illegal voting, and bad whisky can
do, will be done to accomplish this result. [hen let us arouse and faithfully
labor without ceasing until the November ballot-boxes are closed,
and Cleveland, this old Democratic stronghold, will show a handsome majority
against the Buchanan slavery extension, border ruffian ballot-box
stuffing, nigger driving, territory stealing, wbisky imbibing, anti-improvement,
ten cents a day party of Brooks, Keit and company. Let not a
moment be lost. (6)

324
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2623 - 2627
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2623 - L Oct. 28; ed:2/1 - By the personal efforts of active, capable,
influential members of the Republican party for these few important days,
ollr victory may be made sure. Who, that knows the value of the case entrusted
to our care, will refuse to give this last week to its service?
If we are defeated, if the cause of constitutional freedom is crushed
in this great struggle, what is to become of Kansas and her suffering
people? What is to be the destiny of our common country? In heaven's
name, let us now have for this one week the active labors of every Republican.
(5)
2624 - L Oct. 28; ed: 2/1 - "The question to be decided by the people of
the United States on the 4th of November next is: Shall the unsettled
Territory of the United States be devoted to the use of Freemen of the
country, where they may establish homes for their children, or shall it
be taken out of the hands of the free working man, and be cursed and
bl ighted by the establ ishment of slavery throughout the whole extent?" (2)
2625 - L Oct. 28; ed: 2/1 - "Since the days of Annanias and Sapphira, there
has been no such lying, as distinguishes this campaign, on the part of
the friends of Messrs. Buchanan, Brooks, Stringfellow, etc. Newspapers
groan with their falsehoods. The mails are lumbered with pamphlets, under
congressional frank, crowded with brutal lies, from title to 'Finis.'
Men seem to have lost all idea of honor and all sense of obligation. Our
candidates, our leading men, our principles, all in turn are the subjects
of such gross abuse and falsification as never before disgraced a canvass
in this country. Never before were men fighting for a baser cause, and
never were men more unscrupulous in their instrumentalities." (3)
2626 - L Oct. 28; ed:2/3 - "Remember that the election of Buchanan gives
slavery the upper hand in the Republic forever, that the election of Fremont
will make Freedom supreme in the nation and forever settle the unworthy
struggle which the South has been permitted to make to subjugate
the North." (2)
2627 - L Oct. 28; ed: 2/3 - "Party ties no longer exist. They are, as
they ought to be, all broken down, for we are not to vote on Tariff and
Banks, but on the question of human liberty. Yet there are some among
us who endeavor to cloak the true issue before the people, to make a
show of party lines. But it is of no use, the American people cannot and
will not be deceived.
"There are no parties South. They are united for the extension of
their institutions. There must be no party North. Fellow-citizens, do
not be blinded by show of party. Those who talk of the Buchanan party,
and the Whig party, and the American party, occupy the same place among
us that the Tories did among our forefathers. They are acting with and
sympathizing with our enemies. The only question now is extension or
nonextension of Slavery. 'Those who are not with us are against us. "' (9)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2628 - 2634
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2628 - L Oct. 39: 1/5,6 - The people of the free states have so long
yielded to the arrogant demands of the slave oligarchy in the South that
the latter has come to think it can carry any measure, no matter how degrading
it may be, to the character of the free white men of the North.
But the last , the crowning assumption is, that Slavery is not to be confined
to the Negro race, but must be made to include laboring white men
also. "The man who votes for Buchanan in the coming election votes his
own land away, votes to degrade labor, and fasten a depotism upon the
free North, more oppressive than Austrian and Russian tyranny." (31)
2629 - L Oct. 29:2/1 - The Fremont club will hold another meeting at the
Melodeon this evening. The audience will be addressed by Hiram Griswold,
F. J. Prentiss, and Dr. J. S. Wilson. (3)
2630 - L Oct. 29; ed:2/l - We learn that Mr. Corwin is posted as one of
the orators at a Republican jubilee to come off at Hamilton on Friday,
Oct. 31. As there is no vestige of the shadow of a hope for the ghost
of a chance for Fillmore, Corwin goes for Fremont. (1)
2631 - L Oct. 29:2/1 - The Young Men's Fremont club of North Brooklyn
will be addressed in English by C. W. Palmer, and in Gerlilan by J. Miller,
tomorrow evening. (2)
2632 - L Oct. 29; ed: 2/2 - "All that this party (Democratic) hCls done,
all it proposes to do in the way of fi 11 ibustering and slavery extension,
by armed invasion, and through fire and blood. its candidate for the presidency,
James Buchanan, most cordially sanctions, and even now his partisans
are shouting in expectation of his election. With his triumph, how
much better would be a home in Ohio than in Georgia? ... Shall they triumph?
"Men of truth and honor, men of humane and noble aspirations, there
remain but six days to work. Let farms, and merchandise, and minor affairs
now be laid aside for these six days, for of what value wi 11 be
the possession of these, if we are to live and die slaves?" (17)
2633 - L Oct. 29; ed:2/2 - "The public sentiment of the Free States is
overwhelmingly in faver of Fremont and Freedom. All that is necessary to
sweep everyone of them is t.o get out the full vote. Ali ttle time judiciously
employed in so arranging matters beforehand, that every voter shall
be brought to the polls and vigilant attention given on election day, will
ensure a glorious triumph." (3)
2634 - L Oct. 29; ed:2/3 - "James Buchanan is the standard bearer of the
Southern aristocracy, the representative, and embodiment of the rich, the
well-born, the oppressors of the poor, the violators of the compact of
Freedom, the men who strike down freedom of speech in the Senate, and who
muzzle the press, and enslave thought whereever they have the power to do
so.... Men of Ohio, shall he be elected? Shall the Slave power again drive
325

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2668 - 2673
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2668 - L Nov. 6; ed: 2/1 - "Although there is sti 11 a degree of uncertainty
respecting the result of the election. there is great cause to fear the
defeat of the Republican ticket. There has been little additional news
since our yesterday's reports, and nothing decisive. Indiana and Pennsylvania
remain uncertain, although there can be little doubt the latter
has gone for Buchanan. Although it is true that, supposing the remaining
returns from Indiana to be indicated by those already in, Buchanan will
have carried the state, yet we do not give it up. It is probably close and
wi 11 be doubtful unti 1 the full returns are in." (8)
2669 - L Nov. 7:2/1 - In a letter to the editor, C. M. Clay says: "I see
a statement in your paper, based upon my authority, about money being
brought to Pittsburgh for electioneering purposes, etc. The statements there
made, are in the main, true; yet justice requires me to say that Bishop
Hughes was not said to have made the contribution. I do not feel at liberty
to name parties." (2)
2670 - L Nov. 7; ed:2/1 - "Good enough to shout over is the news that the
recent triumph in Michigan wi 11 shut that old superanuated rat, Cass, out
of Congress. A man with a backbone in the place of that everlast ing old
hunker will be a change for the better; decidely. If Illinois has done the
same justice to Douglas, it is triumph enough for one campaign." (2)
2671 - L Nov. 7; ed: 2/1 - If Buchanan is elected, what then? Shall we who
fought on till our feet almost rest upon the point of victory, who have
just driven the frightened enemy to the last extreme, and caused him to
tremble beneath the blows of a power which he feels will, ere long, prove
too strong for him, shall we now droop disheartened because we have not
accomplished all that we wished and ever hoped? "No! There shines, not a
distant upon the upward path of the future, the starry good of victory.
When the next reveille of liberty shall call to the battle field the army
of the free, it shall call us to a triumph long hoped fur, struggled for
and prayed for, and which shall light the home of the freemen of the nation
with a glorious jubilee, by the light of which we shall dig deep the grave
of American despotism upon the field of political death." (10)
2672 - L Nov. 7; ed:2/2 - In Michigan the returns from back counties come
in more favorable for the Republicans. They claimed 10,000 last night, and
from 15,000 to 20,000 today. Howard, Walbridge, and Waldron were re-elected
and also D. C. Leach, (R), in the place of Peck, - (D). The state legislature
is largely Republican which insures a Republican U. S. senator in
place of Casso (2)
2673 - L Nov. 7; ed:2/3 - In Wisconsin, Walworth, Waukesha, Kenosha, Rock,
Grant, and Lafayette counties give Fremont a 6,900 majority. Tbis is a
Republican gain of 3,850. The state has gone for Fremont by over 3,000 majority.
Three Republicans were elected to Congress in Wisconsin. (1)
331

332
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2674 - 2679
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECTIONS - United States (Cont'd)
2674 - L Nov. 8; ed: 2/1 - The Fillmourners have played the dog In the
manger so well, now they have their own stupidity and obstinacy to thank
for the result.
It does not require a great amount of penetration to discover that, for
the Fillmore men South, to have made no show of running him would have disheartened
those of the party in the North who were honest and simple enough
to have hopes of his election.
The Capital City FACT says that the Republican party can blame itself
for the election of Mr. Buchanan, if he is elected.
"We say that had it not been for the obstinacy, delusion or hypocrisy,
as the case may be, of the Fi llmore men, in Pennsylvania and Indiana,
Fremont would have been elected, and the country saved from another such
four years of sickening administration of the general government as the
past, and the extension of slavery into the Terri tories would have been
stopped forever." (11)
2675 - L Nov. 8; ed:2/l - Illinois has laid Douglas, the author of the
Kansas bill, on the shelf. Another stronghold of Democracy is razed to
the ground.
"Illinois will never be found in the pro-slavery-extension ranks again.
Some of the 'Buchaneers' claim the state, yet faintly, but they have to
nurse their faith to keep it warm." (2)
2676 - L Nov. 8; ed: 2/1 - The Republican banner waves triumphant. Thre
true men for Congress. The Mi 1 waukee district, heretofore represented by
"Doughface" Democrats, has elected Potter, of whom the FREE DEMOCRAT
says: "He is a man of unflinching courage and superior abilities, and will
not be intimidated by the threats of southern bullies."
"All honor, then, to Republican Wisconsin! All honor say we. Now, by
St. Paul, the cause goes bravely on!" (2)
2677 - L Nov. 8; ed:2/1 - One hundred cheers for the "empire"-state! The
Republicans of New York have come out of the struggle covered with glory.
The fires of freedom have swept the state, and the body of the Pierce­
Buchanan Democracy lies scorched and withered upon the field, fallen to
rise no more.
Where is Fi llmore, and where are the votes which were to secure him his
own state? (2)
2678 - L Nov. 10; ed: 2/1 - The election returns from A5htabula were gratifying.
"This staunch old Gibraltar of free principles, gives Fremont a
majority of 4,163. There were 975 Buchanan votes, and 223 Fillmore, in
the county." (2)
2679 - L Nov. 10; ed:2/2 - Do you hear that thunder? "The aggregate plureal
i ty of Fremont over Buchanan in nine states was 250,625. RepubJ icans, do
you hear that, 250,625 majority over Buchanan in nine of the noblest states
in the Republic? In addition there is little doubt that Wisconsin, Iowa,
and Illinois will run it up in the twelve to 275,000." (5)

338
Abstract 2705
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS & ELECIONS - United States (Cont'd)
now see the truth of Governor Broome's view they will receive more light
in 1860." (8)
2705 - L Dec. 15; ed:2/1 - The Belfast PRESS says that the election has
consolidated and eternized the Union of the States by bringing the South
to the open declaration that if the choice of the country should ever fall
upon a man not committed to the interests of slavery, they will dissolve
the Union!
"We base the interpretation of the real meaning of the article upon the
idea t.hat the writer wishes to give a somewhat sarcastic and parabolic
expression of the truth." (12)
See also Poli tics & Government

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2715 - 2719
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont'd)
of slavery in any direction. And it may not be unappropriate to admonish
him that the Republican members of the legislature will receive with distrust
any advice from such a source." (4)
2715 - L Jan. 19; ed:2/1 - The Louisville JOURNAL says: The twelfth section
of the Philadelphia platform is gaining popularity everywhere, and
the people of the North have begun to recognize in it the true national
doctrine as to the issue.
"From what source did the edi tor of the JOURNAL derive his information?
Lynching schoolmasters, imprisoning ladies for teaching colored children
how to read, acquitting wealthy murderers; all these things may be rapidly
gaining popularity in Kentucky, but pro-slavery Know-Nothingism is not
gaining ground in the North." (2)
2716 - L Jan. 31; e-d:2/2 - We have been called "sectionalists" because we
do not favor a union of the Republican party with any existing political
organization in the South. Every party in the South is pro-slavery and
therefore "sectional," so that we are forced to take a choice of the two
alternatives, either to uphold slavery or to oppose it.
Many anti-slavery men in the South have never formed an organization
and whi Ie we are acting with them, they have never acted wi th us. "Loco­
Focos," "Know-Nothings," and Whigs are all alil>:e on the slavery question
and Republicans would sacrifice as much principle to unite with the one
as wi th the other. (15)
2717 - L Feb. 2; ed:2/1 "Loco-Focos" claim Thomas Jefferson as one of
their apostles. "If he were now living and repeated some of his political
sentiments in the South he would be subject to mob violence. If he lived
in Kansas, according to the Missouri code he would be put in the penitentiary.
What a beautiful thing this modern Democracy is." (2)
2718 - L Feb. 2: 2/2 - The "Americans" of Geauga county resolved to dissolve
all connection with the order and advised all subordinate lodges in
the county to surrender their characters and to abandon the organization.
An address was made setting forth the efforts recently made to convert
the order into an ally of slavery, The great heart of the order in Ohio
is sound, and no effort of cunning political trickeries can corrupt it.
The people of this state were never better prepared to meet the pro-slavery
party. (10)
2719 - L Feb. 11; ed:2/1. - The Republican party was not formed by men who
love power more than principle. Those who make politics a profession opposed
it from the first and those who finally joined did so with questionable
motives in order to reap some reward; others joined the ranks willingly.
Those Rho serve for a price are always ready to serve the party which
promises the largest price, and the party in manhood now has less need of
those men seeking reward than in its hour of weakness.
341

342
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2720 - 2724
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont'd)
"The people are with us. Let the politicians go where they please and
do what they please." (11)
2720 - L Feb. 12; ed: 2/1 - At a meeting of the American order of the ninth
congressional district of the state of Ohio, held at Tiffin on Feb. 1,
resolutions were adopted to have more stringent enactments made for the
execution of the naturalization law. Slavery should be confined to states
where it is now legalized. They oppose an independent nomination by the
American party of a candidate for president and vice president. Candidates
should not be nominated until after the administration party has made its
nominations. In case of a split the Republican party should be supported.
"Those who propose to sell the order to the South should have a good
time of it." (5)
2721 - L Feb. 13; ed:2/l - The prestige of universal success has departed
from the South, and we hope, forever.
Northern strength is divided because of feeling that there was no success
for an anti-slavery party. The spell is broken and we now have a
party of free men.
The lesson tau&ht in the election of Mr. Banks is, that the government
of a country can be taken out of the hands of slavery. It is easier to
combine people than their representatives. Members of the Republican
party are not luke warm on questions which separate them from pro-slavery
"as the oal-;: needs not the support of the vine so tne Republican party needs
not the support of these men." (I3)
2722 - L Feb. 18:2/1 - At a meeting of the Cuyahoga county Republicans
on Feb. 16, William Slade, jr. was chairman and R. D. Noble, secretary.
Twenty-eight delegates were appointed to the Pittsburgh convention. (5)
2723 - L Feb. 19: 2/1 - In a letter to the editor, "X" says: In a House
that is fully organized, the Republicans have triumphed in only one respect.
So far as patronage is concerned, the "Know-Nothings" and government
parties have the whole say. (7)
2724 - L Feb. 28:2/2 - The Pittsburgh convention put forth the following
declaration concerning the objects for which the Republican party will
unite for political action:
1. Attempt to secure repeal of all laws which permit slavery to be
introduced into territories once consecrated to freedom.
2. Support by every lawful means the brethern in Kansas.
3. Believing the present administration to be weak and faithless, the
leading purpose of this organization will be to overthrow it.
These points contain the germ of principles which wi 11 spread out in a
platform wiele enough for all the anti-slavery men of the nation.
"Let us now prepare ourselves for the coming contest and let us seek
out the man who wi 11 not only embody our sentiments but carry with him
the whole Republican strength." (5)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2725 - 2729
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont'd)
2725 - L Mar. 4; ed:2/1 - The Republican creed for the approaching presidential
contest may be declared in a few words: Let side issue be discarded
and minor issues postponed; and let the motto be the restoration
of so much of the so-called Missouri compromise as excludes slavery north
of 36 degrees 30 minutes and until that line shall be established, unqualified
opposition to admission of any state acknowledging slavery.
We shall inscribe on our banner, "No more compromise with slavery." (4)
2726 - L March. 11; ed: 2/2 - Reliable information sa)s that when Douglas
promised to withdraw from the presidential contest he did so to shield
himself. He has been playing false, however, by instructing delegates of
northwestern states for himself. The President, indignant of this treatment,
has ceased all relations with him.
"If the President had kept faith with the nation he would not now have
to complain of bad faith to himself." (4)
2727 - L Mar. 11; ed:2/2 - A platform in the political sense is a general
summary of the cardinal principles advocated by a party. If each platform
contains a new creed, it is evident that such a party loses its identity
with each election. If the platform is cast aside after adoption,
it is evident that it has no vitality or influence.
When a man is selected as a candidate, he yields to the doctrine contained
in the latest platform. It is by machinery of platforms that
worthless men are sometimes elected to the highest stations in the gift of
the people. Political sharpers will sacrifice anything in order to climb
to stations they are incapable of filling.
A large part of the Republican party is made up of men who left other
parties inimical to agitation on the slavery question. The remainder of
the party is made up of men who opposed slavery and commented on their
convictions.
"Who then are the luke warm members? Those who joined the party for
gain and whose hearts are not in the cause. We shall support no such men
for any office." (16)
2728 - L Mar. 13: 2/1 - At a Republican convention to be held in Philadelphia
on June 17, each congressional district is entitled to three delegates,
besides six delegates at large from each state.
The first inquiry is: How shall the six representatives at large be
elected? It is suggested that the state nominating convention be called
to meet in Columbus on May 22. Let it choose the six delegates. Prompt
action will give us the prestige of victory even before the contest.
"We can elect a Republican President and it becomes Ohio to take her
position at the head of the column." (12)
2729 - L Mar. 22; ed:2/1,2 - It is a good maxim to fear danger when it is
far off but to brave it when it is near. When beset by two dangers, one
far off and one near, it is best to fear the former and brave the latter.
Such is the case of the Republican party. Its first danger is to select
343

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2733 - 2736
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont' d)
nominated a straight Republican ticket; their entire strength would
then be united, and even if they were beaten, they would be better
prepared to commence a presidential contest without three months constant
drilling. It is a ruinous policy to nominate a ticket on the
eve of an election and give the opponents additional strength.
"Let us never repeat such folly again." (16)
2733 - L Apr. 10; ed:2/l,2 - In warning the RepuLlican party against
the mad folly of nominating for the presidency a man whose past life
is not a guarantee for the future, we do not wish it understood that
we are hostile to every candidate who does not in all respects advocate
our political views.
We are opposed to choosing a man whose only recommendation is that
he has always avoided giving any offense to the South. We are opposed
to putting a premium on neutrality, to compelling any man to ask
pardon for being in the right, and to the idea of adopting the creed
of the late Whig party. Our candicate must be elected by northern
votes, and on his positive qual ities. He must make his stand known.
"Let no man be deceived. We are not so weak that we must rely for
success upon a man distinguished for his negative qualities. Political
tricksters will find that the Republican party is not a child to
be cheated by the sugarteat of stale conservatism." (25)
2734 - L Apr. 21; ed:2/2 - A Washington correspondent of a New York
exchange says: Thomas Benton is opposed to the nomination of his sonin-law.
This may do for New York editors but it is too absurd for the
west. Benton was the first to suggest the nomination of his son-inlaw.
If he has any hostility to his nomination by the Republicans
they can be traced to the principles. His son-in-law has remained a
silent spectator, which may be due to distrust of the party strength.
"Two years ago we were weak, and his influence might have been of
some service ; we do not need it at present, and, singularly enough,
just when we can afford to dispense with it, he proffers it to us on
the implied condition that we make him president! The Republican
party cannot afford to do so much for so little." (5)
2735 - L Apr. 23; ed:2/l - After the late charter election in St. Louis
the "Black Democracy" attributed its defeat to its lukewarmness in
the cause of slavery. In fact the "Black Democracy" defends slavery.
"There is something so very sad and disconsolate in the tone of
this proclamation, that laughable as it is one is almost moved to pity ..•.
We can afford to have disagreements in our household; for the star of
our party is rising and an occasional difference of opinion will do
good; but 'Black Democracy,' 1 ike the house of Saul, is waxing weaker
every day, and an extensive insurrection would be disasterous." (5)
2736 - L Apr. 23; ed: 2/2 - A strong Republican sentiment exists in
California. It is not manufactured sentiment, but is earnest and sincere.
Knowing that Fremont could not command confidence in the North,
345

346
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2737 - 2738
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont'd)
the majority of them would prefer Chase or Seward. California opponents
of slavery do not propose to endanger the existence of RepUblicanism
by reviving a policy which was the bane of the late Whig
party. A San Francisco JOURNAL article clearly shows that Fremont
is not the first choice for a candidate.
Missouri is the only state in which the opponents of slavery are
in favor of Fremont, simply because Benton is leader of the movement
and anti-slavery men are too weak to buck him. The following article
from the St. Louis DEMOCRAT is printed to show how Benton designed
to intimidate the Philadelphia convention:
All we ask is a careful examination of the subject. Every reasonable
man must arrive at the same opinion. The plot begins to thicken,
and the time for making a bold and decisive stroke is almost here. A
little firmness now will insure a victory of which our children will
be proud to boast. Let us not seck to win in such a manner as to
afterwards have occasion to regret our victory. (22)
2737 - L Apr. 25:2/2 - In a letter to the editor, "Tuscarawas" says:
In reference to the communication of yesterday, taking the HERALD to
task for announcing the name of Colonel Fremont as a presidential
nominee, it would seem to me that he is too fresh to be a candidate.
Chase was a good man for governor but as a president he may not be
strong enough to carry the voting outside of his own state. Clay, Cass,
and Scott were well known and advocated the pure principles of their
party, but they were defeated by fresh candidates, and, as it is believed
that Fremont has backbone, perhaps a fresh candidate would be
best. (12)
2738 - L Apr. 28; ed:2/2 - In expressing a preference for the presidential
candidate of the Republican party, this paper has carefully
abstained from any unfairness. As this matter should be conducted
with a desire to insure the nomination of the man most acceptable to
the Republican party, only the strongest reasons in favor of a candidate
should be published. There is something childish and ridiculous
in the clumsy attempt to distort facts and mislead people and create
false impressions.
The use of unfair means to secure the nomination of Fremont will
lessen his chances of election. A candidate should be nominated without
interference from a professional politician. Nothing but rashness,
or treachery, or promises of gain can reduce anyone to advocate the
nomination of an untried man.
"Let us carefully consider the matter before we act. Chase we
know and Seward we know, and Banks we Imow, and many others we know;
but we do not know Fremont. Nor can we discover any satisfactory evidence
in his past or present position. To the future we must look for
his attachment to our cause. Can we be in the wrong in besitating to
accept him on such terms? Suppose" we nominate him and are sur.ccessful;
where will our confidence and safety be?... If Colonel Fremont can,

348
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2743 - 2745
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont' d)
The nomination of Buchanan would be a compromise between the extreme
wings of "Black" Democracy, and the nomination of Fremont would
be a compromise between the Buchanan men and Republ icans. If they are
nominated, the parties will be separated by a far less formidable wall
than is now supposed to exist.
"On all sides, it is admitted that Buchanan is the only man who can
render the contest doubtful. Would it not, therefore, be well to wait
unti 1 after the nomination of Buchanan, before we go out of the Republican
party to seek a candidate?.. Of one thing there can be no doubt;
the slavery question will decide the contest, and woe to the party which
refuses to meet it openly." (I8)
2743 - L May 2; ed:2/1 - At a recent Republican convention held in
Kentucky, it was resolved that as the administration party desires to
go into the coming election free from the odium of making Kansas a
slave state, they may be prevailed upon to admit it as a slave state
and thus take away much of the interest felt in the territories. We
leave ourselves free to urge not only free territories, but all other
constitutional measures that true government may demand.
"This is the true doctrine. The freedGm of KansaS is but a small
portion of what the Republican party must do; and now is the time to
avow our established purpose for the future." (3)
2744 - L May 3; ed:2/1 - The New York TRIBUNE of Apr. 29 says: The
Republ ican party should choose as its candidate a man who wi 11 unite
the most political elements, and that no further pledge should be asked
of him than that he will favor the admission of Kansas as a free state.
The nomination of a man not opposed to slavery would insure the defeat
of the Republican party.
It is impossible to unite in one party all the elements which are
hosti Ie to the administration. Tne admission of Kansas wOLlld not be a
positive gain for freedom. It would merely be saving that which was in
danger. The people who simply expel invaders from their country may be
the losers in the contest.
"Whenever we are driven to the necesity of hiding our principles,
or of diverting attention from them, by pointing to the marvel of strange
and unknown standard-bearer, we are worse than defeated. We are degraded
in our esteem. Our experience is not like the experience of other parties.
We have won no victory by skulking behind new men.... Shall
we cast aside our own experience, and be guided by the experience of
others?"
(20)
2745 - L May 5:2/3 - At the Republican meeting at the court house on
May 3, the following committeemen were elected: First ward, Charles
Bradburn, J. C. Grannis, Louis Rittle; second ward, George Bradburn,
Sherlock Andrews, F. T. Backus; third ward, J. A. Harris, G. E. Herrick,
T. S. Paddock; fourth ward, A. G. Riddle, P. Bishop, R. R. Herrick;

352
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2757 - 2761
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont'd)
South had forced the slavery question upon the country, and the North
must meet it manfully and save the country from becoming a sectional oligarchy.
A man must be chosen for presidential nominee who will be unquestionably
opposed to slavery. (26)
2757 - L May 31; ed: 1/6 - The Republicans of the empire state held their
state convention on May 28 and appointed delegates for the Philadelphia
convention.
"The hearts of all lovers of freedom wi 11 be cheered by the aspect of
the Republican convention which assembled in Syracuse yesterday.... And
may God speed the right." (4)
2758 - L May 31; ed:2/2 - "The members, the enthusiasm, the straightforward
action of the state Republican convention of Thursday (May 29) at
Columbus, all show that in this great political revolution Ohio takes no
backward step.... But the great event of the gathering was the evening
meeting. The meeting was especially to hear the tale of Kansas from the
I ips of Colonel Lane, and a young man by the name of Nichols, sent east
by the survivors of Laurence Sinel the sacking of their town.... The
people responded with the most deafening applause. The people of Ohio
are ready for this contest, come how it may." (8)
2759 - L June 3; ed: 2/1 - Who are the American people? What is our pedigree?
As in geological formation, the greater the number of different
rocks and earth which make up the soil, the richer it is. So with physical
development. Civilization, freedom, christianity have made their
grand rendezvous in America. Tyrants and scoundrels for a time may bear
well - ruffianism may for a day triumph upon the border and at tne capital,
but freedom has within itself elements of life too subtle for rllffian
clutch, too etherial for bowie-knife or bullet. The wrongs and outrages
of today will pass away. God and truth and justice and right and mercy,
alone are eternal. (7)
2760 - L June 4:2/1 - The Republican club of this city held a meeting at
the court house last night. They elected ward committees, and listened
to many spirited speeches.
"The Republ icans of Cleveland are getting ready for the battle."
2761 - L June 5; ed: 2/1 - "Never was a more brazen falsehood set afoot
than the oft-reported declaration, that the Republican party is a sectional
party. The Republicans stand where the fathers of the republic
stood. This movement is in sympathy with the sentiments of all the leading
men of the Revolution and of the early statesmen of the Republ ic.
The policy and purpose of the founders of our Constitution and Union,
are the policy and the purpose of the Republicans today, and a man might
as well call the Declaration of Independence a sectional movement as to
so brand the Republican party. The object of this party is to return to
tce policy and sentiment of the fathers of the RepUblic. Who, that has
a drop of old-time red blood in his veins, will not unite with such a
movement. " (2)
(2)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2762 - 2768
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont'd)
2762 - L June 16: 1/5,6 - In a letter to the editor, correspondent "Erie"
of New York says: The North wi 11 be heard in the struggle with the plantation
lords and assassins at the coming November election. An attempt
by brute strength to stifle the liberty of speech or press will arouse
the people of the North more than anything.
"The prospects of the Republ ican party are brightening every day. We
are well organized in this city, where there are thousands of earnest
thoughtful men, who have not heretofore mingled on political strife, but
who are now at work with an energy and determination which must show glorious
results next November •••.
Among the new instrumentalities for pushing on the Republican column
we have a new campaign paper just started here, which promises to be decidedly
lively and spirited.... Bully Brooks broke his gutta percha cane
and the wand of democracy by the same felon blow." (27)
2763 - L June 19; ed:2/2 - "The self styled Democratic Party has no right
to the name of 'Democrat.' They have stolen that glorious old name to
serve the devil of Slavery. Strip them of it. Do not acknowledge it.
They are 'Ruffian Democrats,' if anything. Let them wear that title.
Give it to them always; and apply none other to them. It is doing them
no injustice.... Men are known by the company they keep. If honest Democrats
don't like the appellatio>l of 'Ruff ian Democracy,' let them eschew
the association, and escape the odium." (4)
2764 - L June 26:2/1 - The Republican association of Cleveland will meet
tonight at 7:45 at the old court house. (1)
2765 - L June 27: 2/1 - At a meeting of the Republ ican club last meeting,
a number of men from the 11 wards were appointed to a vigilance committee.
(4)
L July 1; ed:2/1 - See Newspapers
2766 - L July 10: 2/1 - The Republican association of Cleveland wi 11 hold
a meeting at the old court house tonight at 8 o'clock. Charles W. Palmer,
Esq., and A. G. Riddle wi 11 be the speakers. (2)
2767 - L July 14:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, an Asfiland writer says:
I overheard a company of Buchanan men discussing the propriety of nominating
for Judge, in this district, George W. Geddis, who, up to 1854, acted
with the Whigs but now is a Buchanan man. They said he turned for the
sake of office and would not support a man that was not an old established
Democrat. "I do not advocate the doctrine that men are to act pol itically
in view of remuneration, but I despise a man who will act with a
party that does not trust him." (5)
2768 - July 31; ed: 2/1 - Between 1828 and 1853, more than a mi 11 ion men
comprising the wealth and intelligence of the republic, labored to overthrow
the Democratic party. Such men as Clay and Webster relinquished
353

354
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2769 - 2775
POLITICAL PARTIES (Cont'd)
and acknowledged its immutability. But Mr. Pierce, in less than one
year after his inauguration. has made the name of the Democratic
party a by-word and a term of reproach among the people. He has surrendered
all the strongholds which the skill of great statesmen had
fortified. "But all the fall of Pierce will not save the party from
destruction. All that anyone can do, will be to save fragments from
the general wreck." (10)
2769 - L Aug. 18: 1/5 - The Republican convention held on Aug. 16 was
organized with the election of the Hon. D. R. Tilden as president;
W. W. Richards of Solon, M. Miller of Brooklyn, and F. Wilson of
Mayfield as vice presidents; Foliver Butts, East Cleveland, and J. E.
Ingersoll of Cleveland as secretaries. The delegates from the various
townships were then presented and enrolled as follows:
Bedford, D. Culver, A. H. Comstock; Brooklyn, W. M. Standart,
J. Lewis. Eighteen other townships and 108 delegates in all were
presented and enrolled. (18)
2770 - L Sept. 1:2/1 - The Republicans of the fifth congressional
district will hold a convention at Defiance, Ohio, on Sept. 9, to
nominate a candidate for Congress. (1)
2771 - L Sept. 2:3/2 - The Republicans of East Cleveland will meet
at A. C. McIlrath's on Sept. 6 at 7: 30 p.m. to organize a club. (1)
2772 - L Sept. 4:3/2 - The German Republicans held a meeting last
night in a hall on St. Clair st. near the medical college. (1)
2773 - L Sept. 5; ed: 2/2 - The Republ ican party is strong because it
is right. It is the anti-slavery party. Everybody knows that slavery
is wrong. It is a crime to rob a man of his daily wages; it is
criminal to rob a man of his children and wife and of all knowledge
of his moral duties and responsibilities. That is what slavery is
doing. The slave-holders through the Democratic party are striving
to spread this institution of wrong into our free territories and,
by order of the United States court, into every state in the Union.
"These are facts known to every intell igent man of the country and
it is not strange that the pulpit of land is arraying on the side
of the Republican party." (17)
2774 - L Sept. 5: 2/3 - The Republican mass meet ing at Solon on Sept. ij
was attended by 2000 people. Brass bands enlivened the gathering.
Messrs. Bradburn, Bolton, and Carter of Cleveland spoke, (2)
2775 - L Sept. 10; ed: 2/2 - The ruff ians . of the southern states outrage
and murder every day in Kansas, because they are backed by the
national administration and the Democratic party.
"Every time a man asks for support of the Democratic party, he

360
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2806 - 2809
POLITICS & GOVERNMENT - Ohio (Cont'd)
"A man of ordinary intellect would have thought it better to appropriate
the money to erect a building for a Deaf and Dumb Asylum, but Mr.
Bresl in forsaw it was better to lose every cent of it and save the Ii berties
of the people of Ohio." (17)
2806 - L Feb. 16; ed: 2/2 - It would be scarcely possible to compress within
a single article all the topics which a two day's sojourn at our state
capital would naturally suggest. The first thing that strikes the attention
of one who was in Columbus during the session of the last legislature
is the decided improvement which the people last fall made in
their choice of those to whose care they have intrusted their affairs.
In the last legislature, it was a mark of distinction to be able to
speak tolerably good Engl ish!
There are, in eIther branch of our legislature, men qualified for any
post within the gift of the people; and we hazard little in saying that
their present duties are infinitely more vexatious and dangerous than
those pertaining to a far higher post. (15)
2807 - L Feb. 26; ed:2/2 - Mortification is shown at the open insult to
Governor Chase at a military ball in Cincinnati on Feb. 22. While Governor
Wright of Indiana was cheered by the crowd, Governor Chase was
hissed. Chase showed that he knew how to maintain digni ty by leaving
the banquet.
"It was not Salmon Chase that was insulted but the Governor of Ohio,
and in him evel'Y citizen of the State." (6)
2808 - L Apr. 5; ed:2/l - In 1843, during the memorable contest in Congress
waged by J. Adams in behalf of the right of peti tion, which grew
out of his presentation of a memorial for the dissolution of the Uniona
petition of which he disapproved, but which he contended should be received
- the legislature of Ohio passed resolutions of censure against
him and spread them on the journal. An effort is making in the present
legislature to rescind these resolutions; and it is but justice that
should be done. The effort in Congress to expel Mr. Adams for presenting
that petition was a signal failure; and any censure that may have been
cast upon him in moments of partisan heat was unworthy of those who suffered
themselves to be betrayed into it. It is time to wipe the blot
from the record. (3)
2809 - L May 3; ed:2/1 - It has often been said that the only way in
which the North could get along with the South would be to refuse her
demands. This opinion does not meet with the approbation of pro-slavery
men of any party. The argument against Mr. Chase last fall was that if
people of Cincinati voted for him, southern trade would be lost to that
city. Consequently Chase polled less than one-sixth of the vote. This
and several other incidents convinced the union-savers of Cincinnati that
they must stoop still lower or lose the trade of the South. Cincinnati

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2818 - 2821
POLITICS & GOVERNMENT - United States (Cont'd)
told the South that all sympathies were on the side of slavery, and if
necessary should have support of the federal government. "The conduct of
such a man is an argument in favor of future punishment." (2)
2818 - L Jan. 24; ed:2/l - Mr. Richardson of Illinois got into a controversy
with John A. Bingham of district 21 of this state, and Richardson
was badly beaten up. Mr. Bingham can "use up" any "Loco-Foco" in the
House. (1)
2819 - L Jan. 24; ed: 2/1 - Mr. Haven of Buffalo, law partner of ex-president
Fillmore, is among the most obstinate and uncompromising opponents
of Mr. Banks.
Elected as anti -Nebraska candidate, yet he is found voting for Mr.
Fuller, who declares "himself" in favor of the schemes of slavery extensionists.
"He is to Mr. Fillmore as Friday was to Robinson Crusoe." (2)
2820 - L Jan. 24; ed:2/2 - No blame is attached to the conduct of the
southern "Know-Nothings" who voted for Mr. Fuller for speaker of the House.
We do blame the northern members who voted for him or for Mr. Scattering,
who is a mean and cowardly hypocrite. Scattering dares not openly take
sides with slavery but secretly prefers Fuller before Banks.
Banks has come within three votes of election on several occasions. Mr.
Moore of Ohio proposed to Harrison of the Hami lton district, and Dunn and
Scott of Indiana to change the votes and decide the contest at once. They
refused although they had declared their willingness to vote for Mr. Banks
whenever their vote would elect him.
"Is this fair and manly deal ing? It is just such fairness and maul iness
as we should expect from men who joined the Republican movement as a
means to help them to power while at heart they were 'Egypt ians.' Let them
receive no quarter." (4)
2821 - L Jan. 31; ed:2/3 - Lewis D. Campbell attempts to justify himself
for voting against the plurality rule, saying that he does not think it
constitutional. He gives two reasons: First, he fears that it would not
promote the principles which he advocates; secondly, that its adoption at
this time would result in giving the organization of the House to the
friends of the Nebraska act.
"His constitutional objections are not worthy of consideration. His
fear that it would not promote his favorite principles, betrays sentiments
which we did not expect from him. The rule would elect either Mr. Orr or
Mr. Banks. It would not elect Mr. Orr, unless the scattering votes united
on him. This they would not dare do. It "ould certainly elect Mr. Banks,
unless such men as Mr. Campbell should defeat him; in Jther words it would
compel half a dozen sulking members to come out from their hiding places,
and show themselves. Would this be an abandonment of the principles which
Mr. Campbell advocates?" (6)
363

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31. 1856
Abstracts 2859 - 2864
POLITICS & GOVERNMENT - United States (Cont'd)
2859 - L June 12; ed:2/1 - Senator Wade, who told ruffian senators that
they were fOUT to one and if they wanted to fight he would be in his place
to meet them, wi 11 speak at Chapin's hall tonight.
Let the people be there in their might. Rally then all hands tonight,
and let us kindle fires that are to go out with the going out of this border
ruffian administration. (2)
2860 - L June 12; ed:2/2 - The New Hampshire PATRIOT says that the speech
of Senator Sumner should be denounced as severely as the sneaking brutality
of Brooks is denounced.
"We hope there is yet guts enough in the old Granite State to rebuke,
and most sternly too, this loathsome ruffianism of the PATRIOT.... Slink
away to your kennels, if you dare not and welcome your collars and hug your
chains, and rejoice to become part and parcel of that great ruffian brotherhood
which is but another name for modern Democracy." (7)
2861 - L June 18; ed:2/1 - "Freedom, or Slavery? That is the question that
confronts you, reader.... It cannot be evaded, or banished. There are indeed
men who seek to put this question aside. The recent Cincinnati Convention
attempted it. They raked amid the ashes of the dead, and wade an
attempt to raise the issue of the U. S. bank.... But the patriotic band of
Republicans will still press the question, the vital question of the times,
'Liberty, or Slavery?'" (5)
2862 - L June 19: 1/5 - The people of Chagrin Falls are circulating a petition
to the House to impeach President Pierce. It is printed in the LEADER
so that those who wish to follow the example may do so. It contains seven
articles, each charging thc President with violatir.g some law or part of the
constitution in his attitude toward Kansas. It asks for the immediate impeachment
of Pierce, Shannon, and all others who have been participants In
these crimes. (14)
2863 - L June 20; ed: 1/7 - Charles Sumner was born in Boston, Jan. 6, 1811.
He graduated from Harvad university with a bri lliant reputation in 1830
and was held in high and deserved honor by his fellow men. He left for
England in 1837 to study European institutions and was received with marked
distinction by the best societies of Europe.
He was elected to the Massachusetts legislature in 1851. Since then his
political career has been well known. Mr. Sumner is a man with a tall athletic
figure, a frankness of expression, and a noble, dignified bearing.
"The portrajt accompanying this sketch will give our readers some idea
of the manly form which has lately been prostrated by the bludgeon of the
assassin, although it fails to do justice to the elevated intellectual cast
of his features." (15)
2864 - L June 21; ed:2/1 - The administration of Frank Pierce has been pronounced
glorious and God-like by John H. George of New Hampshire.
But if the present national administration with all its dAmning sitls upon
its head, is worthy to be called "glorious" and "God-like," we know not
what would be infamous and devi 1 1 ike. Was it "glorious" in Frank Pierce,
373

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2885 - 2889
POLITICS & GOVERNMENT - United States (Cont'd)
in this place after ttle fourth of March next: Benjamin Harington, Esq.,
collector; B. Andrews, postmaster; Stoughton Bliss, marshal; Geo. Bliss,
district attorney; Alex N. Walter, marine hospital, Allen Smith, lighthouse
keeper. (2)
L Nov. 13; ed:2/2 - See Churches & Sects - Mormons
2885 - L Nov. 18; ed: 2/2 - "The Boston papers deny the report of Charles
Summer's declining to run for the Senate. His health is improving, and
he will yet be heard again in the Senate chambers." (1)
2886 - L Nov. 28:2/2 - In a letter to the editor, "K" says: Let the executives
of the free states aid the national executive. The President
claims to be unable to remove the evils endured by Kansas.
They can afford him, if they will, the most effectual aid. Governor
Grimes of Iowa informed the President that unless that national highway,
the Missouri river, was opened to the citizens of Iowa within 30 days,
he would open it himself with the aid of the militia of his state.
The result is that the Missouri river is now open to free state men.
Now let the executives of all free states address in diplomatic language
an energetic note to the President demanding the bringing to justice of the
violators of the Kansas ballot and of the lives and prop-erty of citizens
from their several states, and promise to do it themselves if he does not,
and we may be sure the President wi 11 act before 30 days. (9)
2887 - L Dec. 2; ed:2/2 - There is just cause of complaint in regard to
the inequalities of representation in this country. This is occasioned
by the representation which is based upon property at the South, where
five slaves are rated as three white men. Whether this evil will or can
be remedied, we are not certain, but this much is apparent: The spread of
the wrong can be checked by preventing the extension of slavery. If right
cannot prevail, the evil can be circumscribed. (5)
2888 - L Dec. 4; ed; 2/7 - The last message of Frankl in Pierce, which we
give today, will not be read with any great interest by the people of the
Uni ted States. It needs not; now that Mr. Pierce should avow his policy
upon the great questions of the day, the people of this country have had
good cause to remember the administration of this miserable apology for a
president.
We never gave up space to any document more reluctantly than tuday.
The message has neither political consequence, nor literary excellence,
and we think its room better than its company; but we comply with the custom,
and give the dose, hoping that as our doctor used to tell us, when
standing over us, spoon in hand, though it make you sick, - it will teach
you to avoid the bad diet which has made it necessary. (8)
2889 - L Dec. 5:2/2 - In a letter to the editor. "A. C. K." says: Congress
met today at the usual hour 12 m. The Senate sent messages by a commi
ttee to the President and of the House, informing them of its readiness
377

380
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2899 - 2903
POSTAL SERVICE (Cont'd)
companies' compensations are increasing one and two hundred per cent.
"Cannot our Legislators be roused to a sense of their duties and this
canker on the treasury be stopped. It would be a great step towards
cheap postage." (8)
2899 - L Jan. 7; ed:2/2 - The post office department is still an expense to
the government. The postmaster general recommends a change in the franking
system, but does not say, as he ought, to do away with it entirely.
It would save a great expense.
Members of Congress have the privilege of franking documents of all kinds
not only w 1 -:;i Ie they are in office, but for months before their terms and
for six months after the expiration of their terms.
Mr. Campbell recommends doubling the charges on regular newspapers and
periodicals. The postmaster general also recommends the withdrawal of
extra compensation paid to the CoIl ins line of steamers. He whines and
complains about the sorry figure the department cuts from the financial
point of view.
"Let the franking system be treated as a cancer, let a plainer and more
simple system of rates of postage be established, and this department
would be as flourishing a one as any other in the cf)untry." (6)
2900 - L Jan. 16; ed:2/l - The postoffice department was never so badly
managed as at present. Publishers of newspapers are subject to great annoyances
by such mismanagement.
This paper yesterday received three letters from Columbus, one postmarked
Jan. 7, containing important news, another postmarked Jan. 9, requiring
an immediate answer, and the third marked Jan. 12, contaiIllng
proof sheets of Governor Chase's message.
New York papers of Jan. 8, 9, and 12 were received on Jan. 15. The day
before, we received the papers of Jan. 9 and 10.
"Now these things are past all endurance. Never was there more need
for reform and never was there less hope of it under the existing dynasty."
2901 - L Feb. 4; ed:2/l - Cincinnati exchanges are two or three days late
when we receive them.
Passengers go to Cincinnati in less than eight hours.
"Why should mai Is travel at only one-sixth that rate?" (I)
POULTRY
2902 - L Dec. 2: 3/5 - Several lots of dressed chickens and turkeys have
been on the market and have sold in a retail way. They were not prepared
in a manner calculated to secure the highest rate. (1)
PRINTING & PUBLISHING
2903 - L Jan. 7:1/4 - At the typographer's meeting Jan. 5, at the American
House, John Weeks was appointed chairman; T. C. Brokaw, secretary; and E.
Cowels, treasurer.
The committee on printing was instructed to procure 250 cards of admission
for the Benjamin Franklin festival, and the secretary was instructed
to send invitations to editors of all German newspapers in the city. Committees
were appointed to arrange for the festival. (5)
(3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2932 - 2933
PUBLIC SQUARES & CIRCLES (Cont'd)
2932 - L Nov. 29: 3/2 - The common city council has authorized the drafting
of an ordinance to provide for the enclosing of the four squares in
one park and vacating the streets through the middle of the Public Square. (1)
2933 - L Dec. 31:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night an ordinance
was passed to the effect that parts of Superior and Ontario sts. crossing
the Public Square are to be vacated by Mar. 1, 1857. : 44)
385

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2987 - 2988
RAILROADS - Schedules (Cont'd)
2937 - L July 9;

Abstract - 2989
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
RAILROADS - Schedules (Cont'd)
2989 - L July 9; adv:4/7 - Effective May 19, the Cleveland and Toledo
railroad will operate six daily trains as follows:
LEA VE CLEVELAND ARRIVE at
6: 50 a. m., NEW YORK EXPRESS from west side
station, stopping at
Elyria, Huron, Sandusky,
and Port ,
Clinton, connecting
at Chicago wi th tie
Chicago, Al ton and
St. Louis railroad
8:45 a.m., MAIL from Cleveland, Columbus
and Cincinnati railroad's
station
2:40 p.m., FREMONT ACCOMMODATION from C. C.
and C. station
LEAVE FREMONT" RETURNING
4: 00 a.m.
LEAVE CLEVELAND
3:45 p.m., MAIL-EXPRESS from west side station,
stopping at all
stations, connecting
at Toledo with 11:15
p.m. train of Michigan
Southern railroad; connects
as above with
Chicago, Alton and St.
Lou i s ra i1 road
6:30 p.m., NIGHT EXPRESS from west side
station, connecting at Chicago
wi th the morning train for
Rock Island, St. Louis,
etc.
9:45 p.m., PITTSBURGH ACCOMMODATION from
west side station, con-
necting at Toledo with
Toledo
Fort Wayne
Cincinnati
Chicago
St. Louis
Chicago
395
11:00 a.m.
4:00'·p.m.
5:30
9:20
2:45 p.m.
following
day
11:15 p.m.
Fremont 6:45 p.m.
Cleveland 7:45 a.m.
Chicago 9: 15 a. m.
following
morning
St. Louis 11:20 p.m.
Toledo 11:15 p.m.
Fort Waynel0:00 a.m.
Cincinnati 8: 18
Chicago 9: 15
the morning train of the
Michigan Southern ra i 1- Chicago following
road p.m.
Trains arrive froID Chicago Clnd Toledo via Sandusky at 7: 20 a. m., 2: 12
and nine p.m.; from Cincinnati at 2:12 and nine p.m.; Chicago and Toledo
via Norwalk 8: 10 p.m. (4)

396
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2990 - 2991
RAILROADS - Schedules (Cont'd)
2990 - L July 9; adv:4/7 - New York Central route to New York and Boston _
the only route operating cars into New York City. Passengers upon arrival may
alight at 31 st., 14 st., Christopher, Canal, or Chambers sts.
Trains operate daily, except Sundays. as follows:
LEAVE CLEVELAND ARRIVE at
*8: 20 a. m., EXPRESS-MAIL, connecting at Buffalo
with the five p.m.
Boston and New York
express train
**3:20 p.m., LIGHTNING EXPRESS, connecting at
Buffalo with the 10:30
p.m. lightning express
10:00 p.m., NIGHT EXPRESS, connecting at Buf­
falo with the six a.m.
New York
31 st.
New York
9:45 a.m.
3:50 p.m.
telegraph express New York 9:50 p.m.
(*) Boston passengers arrive in Boston via Albany and Western
railroad at two p.m. following day
(**) Train leaving Cleveland on Saturdays arrives in New York at
nine p.m. Sundays.
(4)
2991 - L Dec. 1; adv:4/7 - Cleveland and Mahoning railroad time-table
in effect Nov. 24:
CLEVELAND TO YOUNGSTOWN YOUNGSTOWN TO CLEVELAND
Eastbound TRAINS LEAVE Westbound
MAIL EXPRESS EXPRESS MAIL
7:00 a.m. 3:30 p.m. Cleveland 10:40 a.m. 6:30 p.m.
7:25 3:50 Newburgh 10:20 6:08
7:45 4:08 Plank Road 10:05 5:48
8: 10 4: 26 Solon * 9: 50 5: 26
8: 40 4: 50 Aurora 9: 30 4: 50
9: 10 5: 12 Mantua 9: 10 4: 24
9: 40 5: 34 Garrettsvi lIe 8: 50 3: 52
10:00 5:46 Windham 8:35 3:35
10: 20 6: 02 Bracevi lle** 8: 17 3: 10
10:35 6:14 Leavittsburgh 8:05 2:53
10: 57 6: 27 Warren*** 7: 55 2: 39
11:20 6:43 Niles 7:35 2:12
11:40 6:56 Girard 7:20 1:52
11:52 7:06 Brier Hills 7: 10 1:39
12:05 p.m. 7:16 p.m. Youngstown 7:00 a.m. 1:27 p.m.
(*) Connect with hacks to Chagrin Falls
(**) " " " Newton Falls
(***) " " " Sharon, Greenvi lIe, Meadvi lIe, Bloomfield,
Canfield, etc. (4)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2992 - 2993
RAILROADS - Schedules (Cont'd)
2992 - L Dec. 1; adv:4/7 - Effective today, Cleveland and Toledo railroad
trains will operate as follows:
LEAVE CLEVELAND ARRIVE at
4: 35 a. m., via Norwalk, stopping at
Berea, Grafton, and all
stations west
8:00 a.m., NEW YORK EXPRESS, via Sandusky
3:05 p.m., MAIL-EXPRESS, stopping at all
stat ions on northern
division, connecting
at Toledo with 10:50
p.m. train of Michigan
Southern railroad
6: 00 p. m., NIGHT EXPRESS, via Norwalk,
stopping at Grafton,
Oberl in, Norwalk,
Monroeville, Belle-
Toledo
Chicago
Toledo
Fort Wayne
Peru
Dayton
Cincinnati
Chicago
Chicago
397
9:20 a.m.
8: 15 p.m.
12: 15
5:05
8:00
5:30
7:00
9:45
7:00 a.m.
following
day
vue, Clyde, Fremont, Toledo 10: 35 p. m.
and all other sta- Fort Wayne 6: 00 a. m.
tions west of Graf- Peru 8:00 p.m.
ton to pick up or Logansport 9:35 a.m.
discharge passengers: Lafayette 11: 10
connect at Chicago
wi th morning trains
Danville
Dayton
1:30 p.m.
4: 45 a. m.
for Rock Island, St. Cincinnati 9:25
Louis, Galena, etc. Chicago 9: 00
Trains arrive from Chicago and Toledo via Sandusky at 7:25 a.m. and
9:30 p.m; frum Cincinnati at 7:25 a.m. and 9:45 p.m; from Chicago and
Toledo via Norwalk at 2:25 and 9:45 p.m.
(5)
2993 - L Dec. 1; adv:4/7 . Effective Nov. 3, Cleveland and Erie railroad
passenger trains will operate as follows:
LEAVE CLEVELAND - Eastbound
8:00 a.m., stopping at all way stations except Wickliffe. Mentor.
3: 20 p.m.,
10:00 p.m.
"
"
Perry, Unionville and Saybrook
" Painesville, Ashtabula, and Girard only
"" "Conlleaut, and Girard
only
4:15 p.m., Conneaut train stopping at all way stations

398
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2994 - 2995
RAILROADS - Schedules (Cont'd)
LEAVE ERIE - Westbound
3:30 a.m., stopping at Girard, Conneaut, Ashtabula, and Painesville
only
10:35 a.m., " all way stations except Wickliffe, Saybrook,
Unionville, Perry and Mentor
1:50 p.m., " Girard, Conneaut, Ashtabula, and Painesville
only
LEAVE CONNEAUT
7: 15 a.m., " at all way stations
All westbound through trains connect at Cleveland with trains for
Toledo, Chicago, Columbus, Cincinnati, etc; eastbound trains connect at
Dunkirk with the trains of the New York and Erie railroad, and at Buffalo
with those of the New York Central and Buffalo and New York city railroads.
(3)
2994 - L Dec. 1; adv:4/7 - Effective Nov. 3, Cleveland, Columbus and
Cincinnati railroad passenger trains will operate as follows in connection
with the Little Miami and Columbus and Xenia railroads:
LEAVE CLEVELAND ARRIVE AT
7:55 a.m., CINCINNATI EXPRESS, stopping at
Grafton, New London,
Shelby, Crestline,
Gal i on, Cordi ngton,
and Delaware
2:55 p.m., CINCINNATI MAIL, stopping at all
way stations between
Cleveland and Columbus,
except Rockport
and Lewis Center
7:00 p.m., NIGHT EXPRESS, discharges passengers
at all way stations
between Cleveland and
Columbus; stops to
pick up passengers at
all stations between
Cleveland and Gal ion,
also at Cordington
and Delaware
Columbus
Cincinnati
Columbus
Cincinnati
Columbus
Cincinnati
2995 - L Dec. 1; adv:4/7 - Effective Nov. 24, Cleveland and Pittsburgh
railroad trains will operate daily, except Sundays, as follows:
SOUTHBOUND ARRIVE
12:55 p.m.
5:30
8:45 p.m.
2:00 a.m.
2:00 a.m.
7:30
(3)
MAIL EXP. FRT. ACM. STATIONS ACM. FRT. MAIL EXP.
a.m. p.m. a.m.
7:40 2:45 8:00
8:05 8:40
8:19 9:20
p.m.
5:10
5:35
5:50
Cleveland
Newburgh
Bedford
a.m.
11: 05
10:44
10:29
a.m.
6:00
5:35
4:50
p.m.
3:55
3:35
3: 19
p.m.
9:37
9: 17
9:05

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 2996 - 2999
RAILROADS - Schedules (Cont'd)
8:23 10:11 6:05 Macedonia 10: II 4:20 3: 12 8:42
8:48 3:44 10:51 6:21 Hudson 9:55 3:44 2:47 8:32
9:03 11: 22 6:36 Earlville 9:38 2:58 2:32 8:12
9:18 4: 12 12:01 6:53 Ravenna 9:23 2:28 2:17 8:04
p.m.
9:27 12:25 7:03 Rootstown 9:03 2:03 2:08 7:51
9:42 1: 10 7: 19 Atwater 8:52 1: 10 1:45 7:32
9:49 1: 37 7:28 Lima 8:44 12:30 1:37 7:24
10:01 4:50 2:15 7:40 Alliance 8:30 12:05 1:23 7: 15
10: 15 2:50 Winchester 11:22 12:51
10:24 3: 10 Moultrie 11:07 12:44
10:33 5:13 3:40 Bayard 10:50 12:36 6:35
10:47 4: 15 Hanover 9:40 12:21 6:21
11:02 4:50 Summitville 9:05 12:07 6:07
11: 15 5:53 Salineville 8:27 11:54 5:52
11:33 6:30 Hammondsvi lle 7:35 11:33 5:30
11:55 6:34 7:30 Wellsville 7:00 11: 13 5: 12
p.m.
12:07 7:55 Liverpool 1:36 11:01 4:56
12:20 8:20 Smi th' s Ferry 1:15 10:49 4:46
12:35 8:50 Industry 12:50 10:34 4: 31
12:50 7:27 9:20 Rochester 12: 15 10: 15 4:12
2:00 8:40 Pittsburgh 9:00 3:00
p.m. p.m. a.m. p.m.
ARRIVE NORTHBOUND (5)
See also Disasters & Accidents - Rai 1 roads; Robberies & Assau1 ts-
Railroads
RAPE & SEDUCTION
29-6 - L Aug 2: 1/5 - Police arrested Calvin Johnson yesterday when Mrs.
Esther Day complained that she had been assaulted and her person grossly
violated by the young man. He makes a presistent denial of the charge. (4)
2997 - L Aug. 7:1/4 . Calvin Johnson was discharged yesterday of a charge
of rape, the complaining witness failing to appear. (1)
REAL ESTATE
2998 - L Jan. 19: 2/4 .- Alexander Garrett resumes business in Cleveland
with the new firm of Garrett and Cowell, land agents. Garrett is well
known here a& a man of activity and efficiency.
"We wish success to the new firm." (2)
2999 - L June 19: 1/4 - In the case of Paine and Fisher vs. John F.
Dolman and Jane Dolman. an inquiry was made into the validity of conveyance
by the first name defendant to the second of a piece of land, and
also the transfer of a parcel of goods.
399

400
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3000 - 3010
REAL ESTATE (Cant 'd)
The jury, after deliberating more than 12 hours, retumed a verdict In
favor of the plaintiffs in the matter of the land, and in favor of the
defendants in the matter of the goods. (2)
3000 - L Nov. 5:3/5 - An auction sale of 1092 city lots is to be conducted
at Cleveland on Nov. 25 by S. S. Stone through his auctioneers, O. Cutter
and Son. The lots will be sold on the premises, if the weather permits,
or at the Melodeon on Superior st.
Nine hundred and five lots are in the central tract of the city, and
187 lots are in the college tract. (13)
3001 - L Nov. 8; adv:3/7 - The partnership of Pelton and Jennings dissolved
today by mutual consent. John G. Jennings will continue the real estate
agency at the office heretofore occupied by Pelton and Jennings. (1)
3002 - L Nov. 25:1/4 - Stone will conduct his sale of lots suitable for
business locations and residences today. The advertisement that has appeared
in the papers for some time sets forth, in a candid and truthful fuanner,
some of the advantages offered to interested purchasers. (5)
3003 - L Dec. 1:3/2 - The sale of lots by Stone last week, due to bad weather,
was not as large as expected, so it was resumed this morning in the
rooms of the board of trade in Oviatt's exchange. (2)
3004 - L Dec. 4: 3/2 - At Stone's lot sale on Dec. 2, 16 river lots were
sold to some of our leading river men, who, we understand will improve them
and bring them into use. (3)
RECEIVING STOLEN PROPERTY
3005 - L Feb. 1: 1/4 - Phillip Coffee was discharged yesterday of a charge
of receiving stolen property. (1)
3006 - Apr. 22:1/4 - P. Gilmartin was fined $25 and costs yesterday for
receiving and harboring stolen goods. (1)
3007 - L Apr. 24: 1/4 - Phillip Coffee was fined $10 and costs and sent to
county jail for ten days on bread and water yesterday for receiving stolen
goods. (1)
3008 - L June 6: 1/4 - Abram Wodiske was discharged yesterday of a charge of
concealing stolen property. (1)
3009 - L Aug. 1: 1/5 - Phillip Coffee was bailed yesterday on a charge of
receiving stolen goods. (1)
3010 - L Sept. 9: 1/5 - Bartlett Jenkins was fined $5 and costs and sent to
jail for ten days yesterday for concealing stolen goods. (1)

402
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3017 - 3025
RELIGION (Cont'd)
3017 - L Aug. 2:3/2 - Dr. MacLay, president of the Bible union, has resigned.
Anyone interested in the movements of this society wi 11 find
in the New York CHRONICLE, which may be obtained at Hawk's and Brothers,
the letter giving bis reasons for withdrawal and the reply of the officers
of the union. (2)
3018 - L Aug. 4: 2/3 - In a letter to the edi tor, Thomas C. Hartshorn,
agent of the American Bible society, says: I have just entered upon my
labors as agent of the American Bible society for eastern Ohio, after
acting in the same capacity for many years in Illinois. The system used
in Illinois has been very successful and I would like to use it here.
Mr. Hartshorn wi 11 send to every pastor and auxi I iary society a copy of
the pamphlet entitled, "Plans and Propositions for the promotion of the
Bible cause." A number of field agents will be needed to distribute
these pamphlets and, also, funds to carry out the work. (10)
3019 - L Oct. 3: 1/3 - Thomas C. Hartshorn, agent for the Bible society
says: "It is my hope and aim, with the co-operation of the commi ttees
of the county societies, to effect the thorough exploration of every
county on my field as soon as possible. We still need a few men for
county agents. Persons possessing the requisite qua.lifications and desiring
a good work are requested to c.ddress me at Cleveland." (11)
3020 - L Dec. 8: 1/4 - There will be a meeting of officers and members of
the Cleveland Bible society at the Depository this evening at seven p.m. (1)
See also Churches & Sects; Spiri tual ism & Occultism
RESTAURANTS
3021 - L Feb. 13:1,4 - The restaurant on Bank st., until recently owned
by Cozzens, will be reopened today by J. M. Richards and C. A. Hill.
(1)
3022 - L Nov. 8; adv:2/6 - Willey Cottage, Christian Preisler, proprietor,
furnishes musical entertainment in the garden, every Wednesday evening.
Admittance free. (1)
RETAIL STORES & TRADE
3023 - L Jan. 3; adv: 3/7 - Caneing goods of every description. Give your
uncle a gold headed cane, or give him a si Iver headed cane, or buy him
an Indian rubber Malacca, polished hickory, whale bone, ebony, or rosewood.
Cow Ie's, 49 Wedde 11 House. (l)
3024 - L Jan. 10: 1/4 - C. T. Murse, 17 Water st., has a lot of French
water-proof friction matches and some of the finest port-monaies in
Cleveland. (1)
3025 - L Aug. 30:1/5 - S. Collins has entered upon the last quarter of his
first year among us and presents the new fall fashions to his customers
and the public today. (3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3066 - 3079
ROBBERIES & ASSAULTS - (Cont'd)
3066 - L July 19: 1/5 - William Gall was fined five dollars and. costs yesterday
for assault and battery. (1)
3067 - L July 21:3/2 - William McCarty was fined ten dol1ars and costs and
sent to jail on July 19 for ten days for assault and battery. (1)
3068 - L July 22:3/2 - William Bedford was fined ten dollars and costs
yesterday for assault and battery. (1)
3069 - L July 23: 1/5 - William 1. Filmer was fined one dollar and costs
yesterday for assault and battery. (1)
3070 - L July 29: 1/5 - Martin Doyle was fined five dollars and costs yesterday
and sent to jail for ten days, to be fed on bread and water, for
assault and battery. (1)
3071 - L July 31: 1/5 - Mary Fay was fined five:. dollars and costs yesterday
for assault and battery. (1)
3072 - L Aug. 6: 1/4 - Francis McCarn was fined ten dollars and costs yesterday
and sent to jail for five days, to be fed on bread and water, for
assault and batt e !"y . (1)
3073 - L Aug. 11: 1/5 - John Elwell and John McGodrick were fined five
dollars and costs each and sent to jail on Aug. 9 for five days for assault
and battery. (1)
3074 - L Aug. 13: 1/5 - Martin Doyle was fined five dollars and costs yesterday
for assault and battery. (1)
3075 - L Aug. 15: 1/5 - Thomas Ragan was fined five dollars and costs yesterday
for assault and battery. (1)
3076 - L Aug. 15:3/2 - The wife of one of our leading citizens, who lives
near the crossing of Light House st. near the railroad, was severely
wounded yesterday. She bad been si tt ing on her porch when a man struck
her wi th a stone the si ze of a man's fist. (2)
3077 _ L Aug. 16:1/5 - Joseph Lantry was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for assault and battery. (1)
3078 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - Peter Givens was discharged yesterday of a charge
of assault and battery. (1)
3079 _ L Sept. ]: ]/5 - Lawrence Sumner was fined five dollars and costs on
Aug. 30 for assault and battery. (1)
407

410
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3108 - 3114
ROBBERIES & ASSAULTS (Cont'd)
3108 - L Dec. 15: 1/4 - Francis Di llinger, Martin Kuttears, and John
Wentsal were fined $5 and costs each on Dec. 13 for assault and battery.
3109 - L Dec. 16: 1/4 - W. P. Hall, a "professional hitch thief," was fined
ten dollars and costs yesterday and sent to jail for ten days for robbery.
3110 - L Dec. 25: 1/4 - James Finnerty was discharged yesterday of a charge
of assault and battery. (1)
Railroads
3111 - L Nov. 26: 1/4 - Robert Curd, Negro, was arrested yesterday on the
charge of robbing the ticket office of the Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati
railroad of $1400 - $1500. Curd told prison keeper McArthur
where the money was hid and stated that Phillip Box, an Englishman,
was with him. Box was arrested and the money found. (3)
3113 - L Dec. 1: 1/4 - From the testimony heard before Judge Abbey in the
trial of Curd and Box, charged with robbing the ticket office of the
Columbus railroad, we learn that Box had worked at the house of the agent.
He secured the key and gave it to Curd, who opened the ticket office and
took $1,100 - 1200. (8)
3114 L Dec. 1:3/2 - Curd and Box were held to bail in the sum of
$2,000 each on Nov. 29 on charges of robbing the railroad ticket office
(1)
(1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3115 - 3130
SALOONS
3115 - L Jan. 26: 1/4 - The Falstaff saloon, Charles Bradford, propnetor,
is to be opened today dt 12:30 p.m. Preparations on a grand scale
have been made for the entertainment of all. (1)
3116 - L Feb. 12: 1/4 - Samuel Potts was fined $15.36 yesterday for
violating the Sunday liquor law. (1)
3117 - L Feb. 26: 1/4 - Frederick Holtnorth was fined $20.36 yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3118 - L Mar. 5: 1/4 - John Dougleson was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3119 - L Mar. 11: 1/4 - Charles Stearns was fined $10.36 yesterday ror
violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3120 - L Mar. 12: 1/4 - John Bowles was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for selling 1 iquor on Sunday. (1)
3121 - L Mar. 28: 1/4 - Lewis Cohen was fined $10.36 yesterday for violating
the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3122 - L Apr. 1:1/4 - William Slee was given a fine of $10.36 or ten
days in prison yesterday for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3123 - L Apr. 1: 1/4 - John Friend was fined $10 yesterday for violating
the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3124 - L Apr. 1:1/4 - Lawrence Metzreny was fined $10.36 yesterday for
violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3125 .- L Apr. 14:1/4 - Alfred Cozzens was fined $10 and costs on Apr. 12
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3126 - L Apr. 15:3/2 - Peter Machan was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for selling liquor on Sunday. (1)
3127 - L Apr. 29: 1/4 - Barney Marks was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3128 - L May 1: 1/4 - Michael Heisiel was fined $10 yesterday for violating
the Sunday 1 iquor ordinance. (1)
3129 - L May 1: 3/2 - W. S. Morri son was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor law. (1)
3130 - L May 20: 1/4 - James Armitage and Charles Toole were fined $10
and costs eacil yesterday for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
411

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3146 - 3160
SALOONS (Cont'd)
3146 - L Aug. 5: 1/5 - Patrick Maher, Henry Castor, Mary Conlon, Henry
Cummins, and Margaret Cuesland were each fined $10 yesterday for violating
the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3147 - L Aug. 5: 1/5 - Horora Clifford was fined $50, in default of which
he was sent to jail fqr 25 days, yesterday for violating the Sunday liquor
ordinance. (1)
3148 - L Aug. 6: 1/4 - Melcher Keyser was fined $15 and costs yesterday for
violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (l)
3149 - L Aug. 12: 1/4 - Conrod lIeil, Duncan McNeil, Hendrich Barker, and
Michael Patterson were fined $10 and costs ea,-h yesterday for violating
the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3150 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - George Bi 11s was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3i51 - L Sept. 16: 1/5 - Owen Gallagher was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3152 - L Sept. 17: 1/5 - John G. Sneider was fined $20 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3153 - L Sept. 30: 1/4 - "Pat" Mi Ian was fined $10 and costs yesterday for
violating the Sunday 1 iquor ordinance. (1)
3154 - L Oct. 6: 1/4 - Hubbard Smith was discharged on Oct. 4 of a charge
of violating the Sunday liquor ordinant:e. (1)
3155 - L Oct. 7: 1/4 - John Mooney was sent to jail for ten days yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3156 - L Oct. 21: 3/2 - Nicholas Wagner and John Davis were fined $10 and
costs each yesterday for violating the election anti-liquor ordinance. (1)
3157 - L Nov. 4: 3/2 - Patrick Cain was sent to jail for ten days yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3158 _ L Nov. 11: l/? - Pound Kindsvater was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor law. (1)
3159 - L Nov. 18: 1/4 - John Snell was sent to Jail for ten days yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3160 -- L Nov. 18: 1/4 - Charles Weir was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
413

414
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3161 - 3170
SALOONS (Cont' d)
3161 - L Dec. 2: 1/4 - William Taylor and Adam Kritzer were fined $10
and costs each yesterday for violating the Sunday liquor law. (1)
3162 - L Dec. 3: 1/4 - Christopher Gugler was discharged yesterday of a
charge of violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3163 - L Dec. 6: 3/2 - Frederick Schnatt was fineu $10 and costs
yesterday for violating the Sunday liquor ordinance. (1)
3164 - L Dec. 16: 1/4 - Thomas McGinnis was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for violating the Sunday liquor law. (1)
See also Alcoholic Liquors; Intoxication; Temperance
SALT
3165 - L Nov. 18:3/5 - Dealers in salt have kept the trade very active
during the past week. (1)
3166 - L Dec. 16: 3/4 - The sales of fine salt during the past two weeks
total 2,400 barrels, leaving a balance of about 4,000 barrels against
10,000 on the same date last year. If the market continues active, this
balance will be exhausted before spring. The stock of coarse salt is
nearly double the amount held one year ago, with a smaller demand and a
weak market. (1)
SANITATION. See Health & Sanitation
SCHOOLS & SEMINARIES
3167 - L Jan. 3; adv: 3/1 - The second term of Mrs. Gould' s school wi 11
commence on Wednesday, Jan. 2, in the basement of Wesleyan chapel on
Euclid st. Terms - From $3 to $6 per quarter. (1)
3168 - L Jan. 3:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night a petition
was received from S. H. Mather asking that the same kind of chairs and
desks be provided for the high school on the west side as are now being
bargained for the high school on the east side. It was referred to the
committee on schools. (1)
3169 - L Jan. 8:2/4 - The portrait of Charles Bradburn, former president
of the board of public schools, painted by Allen Smith, Esq .• is to hang
in the new high school hal!.
The public owes much to Bradburn for his long and faithful labors to
promote the cause of general education in Cleveland. It was his plan that
was adopted for the new school, one of the most elegant to be found in the
Uni ted States. (8)
3170 - L Jan. 9: 1/1 - Mrs. Macready will give a reading tonight at the
Melodeon for the schools of the city. The admission fee is one shilling.
(1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3171 - 3175
SCHOOLS & SEMINARIES (Cont '0)
3171 - L Apr. I: 1/4 - Dedication exercises were held yesterday at the new
High school building on Euclid st. The building was opened for public
inspection, and in all its arrangements and 'l.ppointments it is the most
perfp.ct and complete in this part of the country. The upper hall was
filled with spectators long before the exercises started.
George Wiley compared the new building with the first in the city and
those of primitive days. He "Iso presented some facts regarding educntion
in the state. Charles Palmer, a member of city council, gave a brief talk.
Various songs were sung, after which the Rev. R. B. Claxon pronounced benediction.
(19)
3172 - L Apr. 9:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the committee
on public buildings was authorized and requested to repair all damages done
to the fifth ward schoolhouse while it was being used for election pur-
(I)
poses.
3173 - L Apr. 16; ed:2/1 - When our attention was called to an article in
the PLAIN DEALER of Apr. 14. charging Senator Griswold wi th trying to
abolish the office of state superintendent of common schools, and to mutilate
and destroy the system generally, we made an investigation to ascertain
whether the charge was true; acd, as we expected, when we first saw
the accusation, the charge was made without any foundation. Griswold did
not vote to abolish the office of state commissioner, nor did he, on any
occasion, favor the project. He believes the office a necessary one,
though now poorly filled.
Griswold did not vote to abolish the school library tax, but he did
vote to suspend it for the present year, and we judge from what we have
heard him say upon the question, that, unless this branch of the subject
can be put in cbarge of some one competent to mdl{e a better selection than
the present commissioner has done, he will vote the same way next winter.
On these questions Griswold occupied the same position as all other
senators from the reserve, except Mr. Canfield of Medina, and we think no
one but the editor of the PLAIN DEALER can discover in the views he entertains,
or his course in the senate in relation to them, any evidence of
hostility to common schools, or of a desire materially to change our present
system. (7)
L May 5: 1/4 - See Books & Authors
3174 - L May 28: 3/2 - At the ci tv counci 1 meeting last night the issue of
bonds for $10, 000, for the pm"pose of erecting a school house in the fifth
ward. was approved. (1)
3175 - L June 4:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the city
auditor was authorized to make a draft on the treasurer for the amount
approbated for the payment of interest on the school house bonds. (1)
415

418
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3195 - 3199
SCHOOLS & SEMINARIES (Cont'd)
Teachers
3195 - L Feb. 1: 1/4 - The State Teachers association has adopted a petition
soliciting the legislature to divide the state into four normal
school districts. The teachers ask that a normal school be established
in each district, and that $5000 be appropriated to each school for
salaries of professors and teachers, provided that two pupils, elected
by the County Teacher's association, be entitled to free tuition.
"We heartily recommend this petition to the attention of citizens and
hope to see it granted." (6)
3196 - L Apr. 3; ed:2/4 - In a letter to the editor, "S" from Franklin
Mills says: Throughout this and many other northern states the miniature
normal schools are a part of the educational system. In some
states they are sustained by appropriations from the public treasury and
teachers are appointed in a manner provided for by law. In Ohio the
schools are sustained in part by the state and in part by the tearhers
who labor for little or no pay. Who can set bounds to the influence
that such a gathering has upon the rising generation? These teachers
will carry their instructions into the district schools and thus influence
every family in the district. (7)
3197 - L Apr. 12: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "s" of Canal Dover
says: The third institute of the teachers of Tuscarawas county has
just closed; the attendance was 191, of which 118 were teachers. They
were made to feel perfectly at home by the people of the community.
Though most of the teachers are in a class that commands respect, there
are some who need discipl ine before the education of an American chi ld
is committed to their custody. (9)
3198 - L Apr. 15:2/2 - The second semi-annual report of the meeting of the
Cuyahoga County Teachers' association, held at Newburg Apr. 9, is given
in detail. The report, signed A. J. Spencer, secretary, closes by saying:
"Many motions were carried relating to the interests of the association,
among which is one appointing Messrs. E. T. Sturtevant, E. E.
White, and A. Freese as Committee to arrange for a Teacher's Institute
to be held in connection with this association the second Monday in
October, at Bedford, to whIch time and place the association adjourned.
"We are rejoiced to see so many friends of this county, engaged in
raising the standard of common schools. The ball has been put in motion,
and let everyone give it a push, until it shall roll with such rapidity
as to sweep from the county all those who teach merely to pass away the
time." (9)
3199 - L Apr. 24: 2/4 - In a letter, to the editor "A Teacher" of East
Cleveland says: The resolution reported in the proceedings of the Newburgh
Teachers association, "That all persons who engage in teaching shall

422
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3218 - 3221
SECTIONALISM (Cont' d)
3218 - L Apr. 19; ed:2/1 - Senator Butler of South Carol ina in a speech to
the Senate said: "If an insulting interference were to be made by a majority
of Congress, or such an interference as would exclude a slave holder
on the broad ground that he was unworthy of equality with a non-slave
holding population, do you suppose I would stay in the Union, if I could
get out of it?"
Yet Senator Butler has remained in the Union almost all of his dRYs
while its laws excluded slavery from practically all of its territories.
Both he and South Carolina would remain in the Union, even if slavery were
abolished entirely.
"They will remain in it, and s'lch will be the decision of the people, in
spite of the Black Democracy. Whatever way be the cost, slavery shall go
no further; nor shall the Union be dissolved." (4)
3219 - L June 30; ed:2/2 - Let every district in the whole North organize
themselves into Republican clubs; and the young men form volunteer military
companies with a plain, cheap, serviceable uniform; and huld themselves
ready to march at a minutes warning when the country calls. In these times
there is no use of action unless it is general. The slaveholders are no
contemptible foe." (2)
3220 - L Sept. 2; ed:2/2 - An editorial in the Richmond ENQUIRER states
the general opinion of the South as follows: The southern sena.tor or representative
who gives in to an arrangement which yields the least conceIVable
particle of principle to the demand of the "black" Republican party
will forever forfeit the respect of the southerners. The honor of the South
must be maintained at every hazard and to the last extremity.
"In slavery is found all the dangers that the Union ever had, or is
likely to encounter. There never has been any disunion sentiments in the
North, while the South has always cried for the strengthening and spreading
of slavery and threatened to dissolve the Union if their was any opposition
to that end." (4)
3221 - L Nov. 12; ed:2/1,2 - We seldom take up a southern paper, or read a
speech delivered by one of the southern fire-eaters, that we are not reminded
of Shakespeare's "Falstaff." Like him, these knights of modern
chivalry are given to the use of big words, and they can perform terrible
deeds of valor with there tongues, which only excites the mirth of those
who know them best.
"It has become quite evident, however, during the last year or two, that
the people of the Free States are getting their eyes open. The fierce
threats of Brooks, Toombs, and company have lost their terrors, and what
was alarming before, is simply amusing now. But as this is the only card
they had to play, they keep thumping it down with as much emphasis as if
it were expected still to win the game." (23)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3222 - 3225
SECTIONALISM (Cont' d)
3222 - L Nov. 21; ed:2/1 - This fuss on the part of the South about
sectionalism reminds one of the boy who after eating all the pudding he
could possibly accommodate, boo-hooed because he could not eat it all.
Surfeited with ten times their share of the profits and emoluments of
the government, they bellow sectionalism the moment the North attempts to
elect a president to represent their views and interests. "We should like
to see them kept on a low di et awhi Ie; it would diminish the undue amount
of bi Ie which seems at present to trouble them." (18)
3223 - L Nov. 28; ed:2/1 - Mr. Sumner having revived the subject of the
relative value of the services of Massachusetts and South Carolina in the
revolutionary war, the New York TRIBUNE gives a statement made out by the
secretary of war of the first Congress, which was called out during the
debate on the assumption of the state debts. The statement showed that
Massachusetts furnished during the war 68,007 continental troops and
16,155 militia. South Carolina furnished 6,426 continental troops, militia
none.
Subsequent to 1777, no troops were asked of South Carolina or of
Georgia, except for local defense in consideration of their large population.
By the close of 1778, when the war was fairly commenced, she had
but 800 men in the army. These men were taken prisoners when Charleston
surrendered, after which time that state had not a single regular soldier
in the field. These facts taken in connection with the well known circumstance
that the British ranks were largely recruited in the State ought
to silence Simms upon the subject. The remarks of Mr. Sumner were opposite
and true, which is the very reason they are so unpalatable to these South
Carolina fire-eaters, who are very fond of bragging on a small capital.
See also Political Campaigns & Elections; Political Parties; Politics
& Government; United States Territories & Possessions
SEMINARIES. See Schools & Seminaries
SHIPBUILDING
3224 - L Jan. 31; ed:2/1 - We estimate the total value of vessels to be
built here during the year at about $775,000. Our shipyards give employment
to at. least 1,000 persons of which a large number are single men.
The labor of each is estimated to support two persons, thus a population
of 2000 people is supported by the shipbuilding industry.
"If our capitalists would turn their attention to manufacturing we
might today have a population of 75,000 instead of 50,000, and there would
be fewer idlers among us, not withstanding the addition." (4)
3225 - L May 2; ed: 2/1 - A steamer to be called the HIAWATHA is to be
built at Baltimore for the Petersburg Steamboat co. The Richmond ENQUIRER
says that if an Indian name is to be given it, Virginia could give it a
better one.
423
(13)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3273 - 3280
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
3273 - L May 2: 3/4 - May 1
Entered - I stmr light; 2 props light; I brig lumber; 2 schrs lumber;
I schr light.
Cleared - stmr mdse; 1 stmr light: 1 prop mdse: I schr coal & meise:
4 sehrs light: 2 schrs coal; 1 scow coal; 2 scows light. (3)
3274 - L May 7: 3/3 - May 6
Entered - I stmr mdse; I stmr household goods; I prop salt; 3 schrs
lumber; 1 5chr plaster; 3 schrs light; 1 scow plaster; 1 scow limestone;
2 scows lumber; 1 scow light.
Cleared - 1 stmr sundries; I stmr light; I prop mdse; I schr iron-carwheels;
I schr coal-plows: 4 scows coal; I scow light. (4)
3275 - L May 16:3/4 - May 13-14
Entered - 1 stmr 1 ight; 1 prop mdse; 1 prop 1 ight; 2 schrs lumber;
2 scows 1 umber.
Cleared - 1 stmr light; 1 schr iron; 1 schr mdse; I scow coal; 3 scows
light. (3)
3276 - L May 19:3/4 - May 16-17
Entered - 1 schr lumber; 1 schr limestone; I scow steamboat fenders;
scow plaster; 1 scow 1 igbt.
Cleared - I stmr mdse; 1 stmr light; 2 scows coal; I scow light;
1 schr corn; 1 brig coal. (2)
3277 - L May 20: 3/5 - May 18-19
Entered - 2 stmrs 1 ight; 2 props mdse; 2 brigs are; 1 schr mdse: 2 schrs
light: 2 scows lumber.
Cleared - 4 schrs coal; I schr coal-sundries; 1 brig light;
1 scow coa]; 1 stmr light. (3)
3278 - L May 21:3/4 - May 19-20
Entered - 2 stmrs mdse; 3 props mdse; 1 pro!l 1 ight; I schr sal t, whi te
I ime; I scow books; 1 scow plaster; 1 scow light.
Cleared - 2 stmrs mdse; 1 stmr light; 1 prop flour; 2 props 1 ight;
1 scow mdse: 3 scows coal: 3 schrs coal; I sehr nails-mdse; I schr light. (4)
3279 - L May 22:3/4 - May 20-21
Entered - I stmr emigrants' goods; 2 stmrs light; 1 prop mdse; sebr
lumber; 1 schr light: 2 scows lumber.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light: 1 schr corn: I schr rye: 1 prop light: scow
light. (2)
3280 - L May 23: 3/4 - May 20-21
Entered - 1 stmr fish; 1 stmr mdse; 2 scows lumber; 1 prop mdse;
prop light; 1 schr emigrants' effects: 2 sehrs lumber; 2 sehrs light.
Cleared - 1 stmr light; 2 props mdse; I scow oats; I scow corn-mdse;
1 schr wheat. (3)
429

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3304 - 3311
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
3304 - L June 23:3/4 - June 21
Entered - I stmr mdse; 2 props mdse; 2 schrs salt; I schr RR iron;
I schr marble; I schr shinglewood; 2 schrs light; I scow light; I scow
lumber.
Cleared - 2 props light; I brig coal; I barg coal; 3 schrs coal; I schr
mdse; I schr light; I scow coal. (4)
3305 - L June 24:3/5 - June 23
Entered - I stmr peas; I stmr light; 4 props mdse; 5 schrs lumber;
I schr ore; I schr RR iron; I schr hoops; 2 schrs coal; 2 schrs salt;
2 scows lumber; 2 scows salt.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; 4 props I ight; I schr stoneware; I schr mdse;
2 schrs coal. (4)
3306 - L June 25:3/4 - June 24
Entered - 2 stmrs fish; 2 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; I brig mdse;
I schr limestone; I schr waterlime; I schr salt; 2 schrs light.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; I prop light; 2 schrs staves; I schr coal. (3)
3307 - L June 26:3/4 - June 25
Entered - I stmr mdse; I stmr light; I prop ore; I brig mdse; I schr
lumber; I schr salt.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; 2 brigs light; I schr coal-oats; I schr light;
I schr coal, paint. (2)
3308 - L June 27:3/4 -June 26
Entered - I stmr mdsc; 2 stmrs light; I prop mdse; I prop ore; I prop
1 ight; I brig ore-mdsc; I brig lumber; I schr waterlime; I schr salt;
I schr ore; I schr lumber.
Cleared - I prop mdse; I prop light; 3 schrs coal; I scow lumber;
2 scows 1 ight. (3)
3309 - L June 30:3/4 - June 28
Entered - I stmr sundries; 2 stmrs light; I prop light; I prop mdse;
I schr salt-waterlime; 2 scows lumber; I scow light.
Cleared -I stmr light; 1 prop light; 2 schrs staves;
4 schrs coal; I schr light; I scow stone; I scow coal; I
lumber.
I schr flour;
scow mdse; I scow
3310 - July 4:3/4 - July 2
Entered - 2 stmrs light; I bark light; I brig ore; I schr salt; 2 schrs
lumber; I schr iron; 2 schrs light; I scow lumber.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; I schr grain; I schr coal; I schr mdse. (3)
3311 - L July 4:3/4 - July 2
Entered - 2 stmrs light; I bark light; I brig ore; 2 schrs salt; I schr
iron; 2 schrs lumber; 2 schrs light; I scow lumber.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; I schr grain; I schr coal; I schr mdse. (3)
433
(4)

436
Abstracts 3329 • 3336
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
Cleared . 1 stmr light; 1 prop I ight; I schr light; 1 scow coal;
I scow light. (2)
3329 - L July 29:3/5 - July 28
Entered - I stmr shingles; 2 stmrs light; 3 props light; I prop mdse;
1 schr oa ts; I schr salt; I schr mdse; 4 schrs light; I scow light.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; 2 props light; 1 brig coal;
3 schrs coal; 1 schr iron-mdse; I schr light; I schr light; I scow
1 ight; I scow coal. (4)
3330 - L July 30:3/4 - July 29
Entered - 2 stmrs light; 2 schrs I ight; I schr sa] t.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; I prop light; I schr salt. (I)
3331 - L July 31:3/4 - July 30
Entered - 2 stmrs I ight; I prop light; 2 schrs light; 2 schrs lumber;
1 scow lumber; I scow fish-mdse.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; 1 brig stone; I schr oats; 2 schrs coal;
schr wines; 1 schr 1 ight; I scow coal. (3)
3332 - L Aug. 1:3/4 - July 31
Entered - I stmr fish; 3 stmrs light; 2 props I ight; I prop mdse;
schr mdse.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; 2 props light; I bark coal; I schr corn-oats;
scnr coal; I schr coal-grindstones. (3)
3333 - L Aug. 2: 3/4 - Aug. I
Entered - 2 stmrs mdse; I prop mdse; I brig light; I schr iron;
schr coal; I schr ore; 2 schrs salt.
Cleared - 2 stinrs light; I prop mdse; 1 brig light; 2 schrs coal;
1 schr staves; 1 schr mdse; 2 schrs light. (3)
3334 - L Aug. 4: 3/4 - Aug. 2
Entered - 3 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; I schr salt; 4 schrs light.
Cleared - 1 stmr light; I prop light; I brig coal; 4 schrs coal;
schr stone; I scow light. (3)
3335 - L Aug. 5: 3/5 - Aug. 4
Entered - I stmr fish; 4 stmrs light; I prop mdse; I brig lumber;
2 schrs lumber; 3 schrs salt; 3 schrs light; 2 scows lumber; I scow
light.
Cleared - 4 stmrs light; 1 prop light; 1 schr coal; I schr mdse;
3 schrs 1 ight; 2 scows light. (4)
3336 - L Aug. 6:3/4 - Aug. 5
Entered - 2 stmrs light; I brig ore; I schr salt; I schr RR iron;
schr spars-ship knees; 2 schrs light; I scow lumber.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; I prop light; 4 schrs coal; I schr light;
scow coal.
(3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3331 - 3344
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
3337 - L Aug. 7: 3/4 - Aug. 6
Entered - 2 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; 2 props I ight; I schr orecopper;
I schr RR iron; I schr light; I scow wood; I scow lumber.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; 3 props mdse; I prop light; 2 schrs coal;
I schr lumber. (3)
3338 - L Aug. 8:3/4 - Aug. 7
Entered - I stmr barley; 3 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; I brig light;
I bark light; I schr stone; I schr peas; 2 schrs lumber; I schr ore;
4 schrs light; I scow mdse.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; I prop light; I brig coal; 4 schrs coal;
I schr I ight: I scow I ight: I scow coal. (4)
3339- L Aug. 9:3/4 - Aug. 8
Entered - I stmr mdse; 2 stmrs light; 1 prop iron-mdse; 2 prop mdse;
I schr 1 ight; 2 scows lumber; I scow plaster; 1 scow light.
Cleared - 4 stmrs light; I prop light; I prop mdse; I schr staves;
I schr grindstones; 1 schr coal; 2 schrs light; 4 scows coal. (4)
3340 - L Aug. 12: 3/4 - Aug. 11
Entered - 2 stmrs light: 3 props mdse; 1 schr pig iron; 1 schr salt;
I schr light.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; 1 prop wheat-lumber; I prop rye-mdse;
I prop flour-oats; I prop light; I schr oats-grindstones; 1 schr mdse;
I schr 1 ight; I scow I ight; I scow coal. (3)
3341 - L Aug. 13: 3/4 - Aug. 12
Entered - 2 strurs light; 2 props light; 1 prop mdse; 2 schrs salt;
1 schr light; 2 scows lumber.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; 2 props light; 2 schrs coal; 1 schr stoneware;
I schr I ight; I scow 1 ight. (3)
3442 - L Aug. 15: 3/4 - Aug. 14
Entered - 5 stmrs light; I prop light; I brig salt; I schr stone;
3 schrs 1 ight: I scow plaster; I scow lumber; 1 scow light.
Cleared - 5 stmrs light; 2 props light; 1 schr wheat: I schr coal:
4 schrs light; 2 scows coal; 2 scows light. (4)
3343 - L Aug. 16: 3/4 - Aug.15
Entered - 1 stmr waterlime; 2 stmrs light; 1 prop light; I prop mdse;
I prop copper; I schr water lime; 2 schrs ore; 6 schrs light; 1 scow
lumber: 2 scows light.
Cleared - 4 stmrs light: 2 props light; I schrs pork-wheat; 4 schrs
light; I scow light. (4)
3344 - Aug. 18: 3/4 - Aug. 16
Entered - 2 stmrs ] ight: 2 props 1 ight: 1 bark lumber; 3 schrs salt;
1 schr RR iron; 3 schrs 1 ight; 5 scows 1 ight.
431

438
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3345 - 3352
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
Cleared - 1 stmr light; 2 props light; I schr lumber-nails; 2 schrs
coal; I schr light; 5 scows coal. (4)
3345 - L Aug. 19: 3/5 - Aug. 18
Entered - 5 stmrs light; 3 props light; I brig ore; I schr light;
3 scows light.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; 2 props light; 1 brig I ight; I sloop light;
5 schrs light; I scow light. (3)
3346 - L Aug. 20:3/4 - Aug. 19
Entered - 2 stmrs light; 3 props mdse; I prop light; I schr salt;
2 schrs Ii gh t.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; I prop coal; 2 props light; I schr wheatgrindstones;
2 schrs light; I scow light.
3347 - L Aug. 21: 3/4 - Aug. 20
Entered - 3 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; I prop light; 1 scow lumber.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; 3 props light; I sehr coal-nails; I schr
light. (3)
3348 - L Aug. 22: 3/4 - Aug. 21
Entered - 2 stmrs 1 ight; 2 props mdse; 2 props light; I brig light;
I schr shingles-lumber; 5 schrs light.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; 5 props light; 2 schrs coal; 6 schrs light;
3 scows coal; I scow light. (3)
3349 - L Aug. 23: 3/4 - Aug. 22
Entered - 3 stmrs light; 1 prop light; I prop mdse; 1 schr lumber;
1 schr 1 ight; 2 scows· 1 ight.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; 1 prop light; 2 schrs staves; 1 schr coal;
1 schr 1 ight; 2 scows coal. (2)
3350 - L Aug. 25:3/4 - Aug. 23
Entered - 2 stmrs 1 ight; 1 prop mdse; 2 schrs sal t; 2 schrs lumber;
5 schrs light; 1 scow shingles-wood.
Cleared - 1 stmr light; 1 stmr buckwheat-pork; 1 prop light; 1 sehr
staves; 4 schrs coal; 2 schrs light; 4 scows coal; 2 scows light. (4)
3351 - L Aug. 26: 3/5 - Aug. 23-25
Entered - 3 stmrs light; 2 props light; I prop mdse; I brig lumber;
I schr lumber; 2 schrs salt; I schr mdse; 4 schrs 1 ight; I scow RR iron;
I scow plaster.
Cleared - 3 stmrs light; 4 props light; I brig coal; 5 schrs coal;
1 schr oats-grindstones; I schr wheat. (4)
3352 - L Aug. 27:3/1 - Aug. 25-26
Entered - 2 stmrs light; I pro,? mdse; 2 props light; 2 schrs salt;
3 schrs lumber; 5 schrs light.
(3)

442
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3376 - 3384
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
3376 - L Sept. 29: 3/4 - Sept. 25-27
Entered - 2 stmrs light; 3 props mdse; I prop 1 ight; I schr iron;
I schr lumber; 1 scow lumber.
Cleared - I stmr mdse; I brig light; 2 scbrs lumber; schr wood;
I schr barley; 5 schrs light. (3)
3377 - L Oct. 1:3/4 - Sept. 29-30
Entered - I stmr fish; 2 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; I schr coal;
1 schr iron; I schr I ight; I scow marble; 1 scow lumber; I scow 1 ight.
Cleared - I stmr mdse; 3 stmrs light; I prop mdse; 2 props light;
brig coal - iron; 2 schrs coal; I scow staves; I scow coal. (4)
3378 - L Oct. 2: 3/4 - Oct. I
Entered 2 stmrs light; I schr copper - Iron ore; I schr salt; 1 scow
light.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light. (2)
3379 - L Oct. 3: 3/4 - Oct. 1-2
Entered - 2 stmrs light; 1 bark salt; 2 schrs salt; 3 schrs light.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; 2 barks coal; 5 schrs coal. (3)
3380 - L Oct. 4: 3/4 - Oct. 2-3
Entered - 2 stmrs light; I bark light; I schr salt.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; I bark coal; 2 schrs iron; I schr mdse;
schr mdse; I schr staves; I schr wheat - wine; I schr coal. (2)
3381 - L Oct. 6:3/4 - Oct. 3-4
Entered - I stmr mdse; 2 stmrs light; 3 props light; 2 schrs rndse;
1 schr salt - white lime; I schr lumber; I schr light.
Cleared - I stmr mdse; 2 stmrs light; 4 props light; I brig wheatcorn;
I bark coal; I schr lumber; I schr coal. (3)
3382 - L Oct. 7: 3/4 - Oct. 4-6
Entered - I stmr mdse; 2 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; 3 schrs mdse;
I schr RR iron; I schr ore; I schr salt; 1 schr firewood; I scow lumber.
Cleared - 2 stmrs light; 2 props light; I schr coal - iron; 2 schrs
coal; I bark coal - iron; I scow coal. (4)
3383 - L Oct. 8:3/4 - Oct. 6-7
Entered - 2 stmrs light; 1 schr mdse; 3 schrs salt; schr salt - lath;
2 schrs lumber.
Cleared - I stmr mdse; 2 stmrs light; 2 schrs coal; I scow coal. (3)
3384 - L Oct. 9: 3/4 - Oct. 7-8
Entered - 2 stmrs light; 2 props mdse; I brig ore; I brig lumberplaster;
1 brig lumber; 3 schrs lumber; 2 schrs light; I scow light.
Cleared - 1 prop mdse; I prop light; 1 schr coal; 1 scow RR iron.
(3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3385 - 3393
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
3385 - L Oct. 10: 3/4 - Oct. 8-9
Entered - 1 stmr sundries; 1 prop mdse; 2 props light; I schr lumber;
schr mdse; 1 schr sal t.
Cleared - 1 prop mdse; 2 props light; 2 schrs coal-iron; 1 scow coal;
I scow light. (3)
3386 - L Oct. 11: 3/4 - Oct. 9-10
Entered - 1 prop mdse; I prop copper; I schr iron-mdse: I schr lumber;
1 scow coal; I scow hoop poles: 1 scow lumber; I scow posts: I scow
light.
Cleared - I stmr mdse; 2 brigs coal; I brig light: 2 props light;
1 schr staves; 4 schrs coal; 1 scow mdse; 2 scows coal; 2 scows light. (4)
3387 - L Oct. 13: 3/4 - Oct. 10-11
Entered - 3 props mdse; 1 schr shingles; 2 schrs salt; 1 schr lumber;
I schr light.
Cleared - 2 props light; 2 scbrs coal: 1 schr light. (3)
3388 - L Oct. 14:3/4 - Oct. 11-12
Entered - I prop mdse; I prop light; 2 schrs salt: 2 schrs mdse;
I scow limestone; 1 brig iron-barley; I stmr mdse.
Cleared - 2 props mdse; I prop light; 2 schrs coal; 1 schr sundries;
I schr iron-oats. (4)
3389 - L Oct. 16:3/4 - Oct. 14-15
Entered - I brig salt; 2 schrs barley; 3 schrs ore; 2 schrs salt;
2 schrs light; I scow limestone.
Cleared - 1 brig stone; 3 schrs coal; 1 schr wheat; I schr staves;
1 schr light. (3)
3390 - L Oct. 17:3/4 - Oct. 15-16
Entered - 2 props mdse; 2 schrs salt; I schr limestone; I schr saltmdse;
I schr mdse; 2 schrs light.
Cleared - I prop light; I brig mdse; 4 schrs coal; I schr stone;
1 schr mdse; I schr oats-stone. (4)
3391 - L Oct. 18:3/4 - Oct. 16-17
Entered - 2 props mdse; I schr mdse; I schr white lime; 2 schrs
light.
Cleared - I prop pork, flour; I prop light; 4 schrs coal; I schr
coal-iron; I schr light. (3)
3392 - L Oct. 20:3/4 - Oct. 17-18
Entered - I brig salt; 3 schrs light.
Cleared - 2 schrs coal; 1 schr coal-grindstones; 1 schr iron;
1 schr mdse; 1 schr wheat; 1 schr staves.
3393 - L Oct. 23: 3/4 - Oct. 19-20
Entered - 1 stmr mdse; 2 props mdse; 1 schr salt; 2 schrs lumber;
1 schr light; 1 scow mdse.
443
(3)

444
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3394 - 3402
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
Cleared - 3 props light; 1 brig coal - iron; 7 schrs coal; I schr schr
wheat; I schr iron, nails. (4)
3394 - L Oct. 23: 3/4 - Oct. 20-22
Entered - I prop lead; 2 props mdse; 1 prop copper; I brig salt;
2 schrs 1 imesto!!e; I schr salt; I schr mdse; 1 schr iron; I schr lumber;
1 scow wood.
Cleared - 4 props light; I schr stone - grindstones; I schr mdse;
1 schr wines; I schr coal - iron; I schr coal; 1 schr light. (4)
3395 - L Oct. 24: 3/4 - Oct. 22-23
Entered - 1 stmr mdse; 1 stmr light; 1 schr RR iron; I scow light.
Cleared - I schr mdse; 2 schrs coal; 1 schr RR iron. (2)
3396 - L Oct. 25: 3/4 - Oct. 23-24
Entered - 2 props mdse; I schr lumber; 1 schr potatoes; I schr light;
1 scow stone.
Cleared - I stmr mdse; I schr grain - coal; I schr corn - mdse; I schr
coal - grind stones; I scow mdse; 2 scows coal. (3)
3397 - L Oct. 27: 3/4 - Oct. 24-25
Entered - 1 prop mdse; I brig lumber; I schr mdse.
Cleared - 1 prop light; 2 schrs coal; I schr flour; I schr wheat. (2)
3398 - L Oct. 28: 3/5 - Oct. 25-27
Entered - I prop wheat - mdse; 1 bark salt; I brig salt; I schr salt;
3 schrs lumber; I schr I imestone; I scow barley - fire-brick.
Cleared - I prop pork - tallow; I schr coal; I schr light; I scow iron (3)
3399 - L Oct. 29: 3/4 - Oct. 27-28
Entered - 3 props mdse; I prop lead, iron; I prop light; I brig salt;
1 schr lumber; I schr mdse; I schr salt; I schr potatoes - lard; I scow
staves; I scow lumber.
Cleared - I prop mdse; 3 props light; I schr coal; I scow coal. (3)
3400 - L Oct. 30: 3/4 - Oct. 29
Entered - I stmr light; I scow potatoes; I schr light.
Cleared - I stmr light; 3 schrs coal; I schr iron - apples; I schr
staves; I scow coal.
3401 - L Oct. 31: 3/4 - Oct. 29-30
Entered - I scow mdse; 1 scow wood.
Cleared - 1 bark iron - nails; I schr corn; 1 scow mdse; 2 scows coal. (2)
3402 - L Nov. 1: 3/4 - Oct. 30-31
Entered - I stmr light; I schr limestone.
Cleared . I stmr I ight; I schr mdse - bri c k; 1 sc hr Iu mber. (2)
(2)

446
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3413 - 3420
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
Cleared - 1 stmr light; 1 prop flour - pork; 2 schrs coal; 1 scbr
RR iron; I schr light. (3)
3413 - L Nov. 15: 3/3 - Noy. 13-14
Entered - I stmr light; 2 props mdse; 1 bark light; 4 schrs lumber.
Cleared - I stmr light; 2 props light; 2 schrs coal; 1 bark coal;
1 scow coal.
3414 - L Nov. 17:3/3 - Nov. 14-15
Entered - I stmr mdse; 1 brig 1 ight; 1 schr salt; 1 schr are;
3 schrs lumber; 1 sehr barley; 1 schr buckwheat flour; I sehr 1 ight;
1 scow 1 imestone; 1 scow lath.
Cleared - 1 stmr light; 1 schr iron nails; I sehr coal; 1 schr
wheat; 1 scow coal.
3415 - L Nov. 18:3/5 - Nov. 15-17
Entered - 1 stmr light; 1 brig light; I schr light; I sehr lumber.
Cleared - I stmr light; 1 sehr light; 1 schr coal; 1 scow coal;
1 scow mdse. (2)
3416 - L Nov. 19: 3/3 - Nov. 17-18
Entered - I stmr mdse; I stmr light; 2 schrs lumber; 2 schrs barley;
schr marble - coal; I schr salt; I schr RR iron; 3 schrs light.
Cleared - I stmr 1 ight; I schr coal. (3)
3417 - L Nov. 20: 3/3 - Nov. 18-19
Entered - 1 stmr mdse; 1 stmr light; 1 bark salt; 1 schr pov.-der;
sehr light; 1 scow coal; I scow shingles.
Cleared - 1 stmr light; 1 bark coal; I brig iron - mdse; 1 schr stone;
sehr corn; 3 sehrs coal; 6 scows coal; I scow light. (4)
3418 - L Nov. 22:3/3 - Nov. 19-20
Entered - 2 stmrs light; 3 props mdse; 2 props light; 1 brig are;
sehr pig iron - mdse; I sehr salt; 2 sehrs light.
Cleared - 2 stmrs 1 ight. (3)
3419 - L Nov. 24:3/3 - Nov. 20-21
Entered - None listed
Cleared - I prop ligU; 2 sehrs Iron - nails; I sehr iron - grindstones;
1 sehr mdse; 5 schrs coal; 1 sehr oats; 1 sehr grindstones - mdse. (3)
3420 - L Nov. 25:3/6 - Nov. 21-22
Enterel1 - I stmr light; 5 props mdse; 1 sehr RR iron; I sehr iron;
1 sehr marble; I sehr coal; 3 sehrs salt; 1 sehr potatoes - mdse; 1 sehr
furni ture; 2 sehrs barley; 4 schrs lumber.
Cleared - 1 stmr light; 4 props light; 2 schrs light. (4)
(3)
(3)

448
Abstract 3431
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
SHIPPING & SHIPS - Port List (Cont'd)
3431 - L Dec. 8: 3/3 - Dec. 4-5
Entered - 1 prop mdse; 1 scow shingles.
Cleared - 1 scow mdse.
See also Canals & Canal Boats; Disasters & Accidents - Shipping;
Docks & Piers; Rivers & Harbors; Shipbuilding
(1)

450
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3438 - 3444
SLA VERY (Cont' d)
3438 - L Jan. 29; ed:2/1 - The Richmond ENQUIRER says: The loose economy,
improvidence, and unsuspicious natures of men bred in the South unfits
them for close-fisted selfishness and keen encounter of wits, such as
practiced in the free states.
"What a pregnant admission is contained in this extract. Slavery
begets loose economy and improvidence, an::l they beget loose morals and
inhumanity. Idleness is the parent of crime." (2)
3439 - L Jan. 29; ed:2/3 - The Richmond ENQUIRER challenges any northern
paper to deny that slave society is more prosperous than free society.
Southern papers ask why the challenge has not been accepted.
"Its the absurdity we presume, that has prevented any anti-slavery
paper from giving it serious consideration. We believe that a candid
discussion of the slavery question wi 11 d{J good, and for this reason,
we believe in inviting rather than shrinking from the controversy. Let
the champion of slavery come forth." (4)
L Jan. 31; ed:2/1 - See Sugar
3440 - L Jan. 31; ed:2/2 - The Charlestown STANDARD says: Polygamy is the
result of freedom. Mormanism and slavery cannot exist together.
"We cannot see how Southern concubinage is better than Utah mormonism.
Besides, the advice from Utah says that mormons 'do' hold slaves." (2)
3441 - L Feb. 2; ed: 2/2 - The Cincinnati ENQUIRER says that the laws of
Virginia relating to slavery are almost as mild as any human man could
wish.
The statute of Virginia rules that a master is acquitted if a slave
should die from punishment inflicted by the master or by anyone ordered
to inflict punishment for resisting.
"We have no comment to offer. In truth it would be superfluous." (2)
3442 - L Feb. 4; ed: 2/1 - The emperor of Russia emancipated 35,000,000
serfs. Slavery is abolished in Egypt.
"Soon the Southern states wi 11 be left alone in the glory of human
bondage. " (I )
3443 - L Feb. 5; ed:2/1 - A majority of the judiciary committee of the
Pennsylvania house of representatives is alleged to have made up its
minds to report the bill giving slave-holders the right to hold slaves in
that state, in "transitu."
"This is another of the new Democratic measures which that party recently
discovered to be among the inherent rights of slave-holders." (2)
3444 - L Feb. 5; ed:2/2 - The Richmond DISPATCH says: The senate has
passed a general act on the applications of free colored persons who wish
to be allowed voluntarily to enslave themselves.
"This is a most wilful perversion of the truth. Two or three instances

452
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3450 - 3453
SLAVERY (Cont' d)
There is hope for Texas - strong hope - but slavery will fight for
supremacy, until the last moment of its existence. (15)
3450 - L Mar. 10; ed: 2/2 - It is barely possible to comprehend how slavery
prostrates every interest before it and rules not only the victims, but
all with whom it comes in contact. Slave holders of the South rule not
only their slaves, hut even non-slave holders who own property. You slave
holders have no power to resist. There is intelligence in some of the
non-slave holders, spirit in others, and courage in a few.
There is a striking contrast between papacy and slavery; both are contrary
to reason and common sense. Both place the interest of a few above
the interest of many; both persecute, yet claim to be persecuted. Both
will cease to exist when people stand up for their rights.
"May that day come speedily." (9)
3451 - L Mar. 12; ed: 2/2 - When slavery was first planted in this country
it assumed the disguise of a very benevolent institution, designed to
improve the condition of the ignorant African. Gradually, however, it induced
him to encumber himself with laws which placed him in its power.
Having by fraud and treachery obtained control of the natural government
by force, it refuses to relinquish its ill-gotten power.
"If we are driven to extremities, we can snap in twain the bridle
reins, burst asunder the saddle girts, cast the tyrant to the ground and
kick its brains out." (1O)
3452 - L Mar. 24; ed:2/2 - Returns of a census taken in Alabama reveal
some facts worthy of consideration. Due to its location Alabama should
increase in population and wealth as fast as any state. A table is shown,
giving the number of whites and blacks in Alabama in 1820, 1830, 1840,
1850, and 1855. Figures show th t the population is fast approaching a
standst i 11.
"Is not this another conclusive argument against slavery?" (5)
3453 - L Mar. 26:2/2,3 - The Rev. H. Bushnell delivered a sermon on Mar.
23 based upon Judges, 19:30.
The Reverend Bushnell discussed the case of a Negro slave fami ly
who were captured in Cincinnati by a mob that smashed down the doors of
the humble cabin of a poor laboring man who had given them shelter. The
married daughter of the family, when about to be captured, picked up a
knife and killed her own daughter and son.
When a preacher asked her why she had ki Iled her chi Id, she rep I i ed:
"I knew it was better for them to go home to God than back to slavery."
The mother had "no desire of pardon, no reception of Christ or his
religion. To her it was a religion of slavery, more cruel than death.
And where had she lived? Where thus taught? Not down among the rice
swamp3 of Georgia, or on the banks of Red river. No, but within sixteen
mi les of the Queen City of the west!"

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3472 - 3476
SLAVERY (Cont'd)
man, and tlJat men are not born enti tied to equal rights; that slavery is
the natural and normal condition of the laboring man, whether white or
black, and that two opposite and confl icting forms of society exist among
civilized people. They hate everything with the word "free," as free
farms, free labor, free society, free thinking, free children, and free
schools.
"Men of the North, and all true-thinking men feel that the battles of
the Revolution are to be fought over, not with guns. but with the ballotbox.
The right of man, of self -government, the equal ity of race, the
superiority of Freedom over Slavery; these doctrines for which our fathers
fought, are all again in question. Let us follow the lights of the Revolution!"
(36)
3472 - L Oct. 2; ed:2/3 - Southern speakers claim that it is best that
capital shall own its labor. while we in the North contend that capital
should hire it at remunerative wages.
"Mechanics! upon what side of this question do you intend to associate
yourselves? Is it your policy to strengthen that class of politicians
who believe that it is right to own labor?" (3)
3473 - L Oct. 7; ed: 2/1 - The question now before the American people is
freedom or slavery. "Shall slavery be extended over our territories, made
legal in all our states, everywhere disgracing and crushing out Free- Labor,
or shall Slavery be restricted to its present limits, tolerated only by
municipal law, while Freedom remains the watch-word of the nation?" (3)
3474 - L Oct. 22; ed:2/2 - "Keep it before the people that the Richmond
ENQUIRER says that • the South now maintains that slavery is right, natural,
and necessary, and that it does not depend upon the difference of complexion.
The laws of the slave-states justify the holding of white Men in Bondage. '"
(3)
3475 - L Nov. 3; ed:2/3,4 - Not an inch of territory has been purchased or
acquired from any foreign power since the constitution was adopted at the
instigation of the free-states, or which was intended for their benefit;
yet the free-states have paid more than two-thirds of the entire cost of all
these acquisitions of territory. From the territory thus qurchased, five
new slave-states have been admitted. The free-states, if any, are yet to
be admitted. In view of these facts staring men in the face, we are told
the South has been oppressed and outraged. Now their great claim is
for state equality, and the Democratic party is compassing earth and
hell to extend the slave institution; that justice may be secured for
the South; that the South may enjoy state equality. (18)
3476 - L Nov. 17; ed:2/2 - The South has suddenly produced some able
writers who are endeavoring to make Negro slavery popular. On every hand
it is admitted to be a highly conservative political element in society.
It restrains within the bounds of decency and morality, freedom of speech,
457

J
458
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3477 - 3479
SLAVERY (Cont'd)
freedom of the press, and freedom of religion, making these liberties
blessings instead of curses. The Democratic journals of the South
view the election of Buchanan as a slavery triumph. (3)
3477 - L Dec. 13; ed: 2/1 - The recent developments of insurrectionary
plots among the slaves of Tennessee and Kentucky are fraught with meaning,
and it would be well for us to pause a moment and study carefully
the lessons they present. They teach us that tyranny is never safe,
that under the flowerstorm surface lurks and glows the slumberir:g volcano
that the master can never lie down at night and sleep the quiet and
sweet sleep of the peaceful and secure, that beneath his very roof a
danger lurks which ni'ay at any moment fill his home with horror. The
wealth, the ease, and the, idleness that he enjoys are purchased at the
price of wrorig, and in lurid letters upon the dark disc of the future,
he may always see the terrible word "retribution." (9)
3478 - L Dec. 23; ed:2/1 - Surgeon Edmonson of the U. S. army, who had'
a slave by the name of Dred Scott, lived first in Missouri. He moved
to Illinois, living there three years and later moved to Minnesota, where
he remained for some time. Scott, who was wi th him all of this time,
married a female slave, the property of a major in the regiment to which
Edmonson belonged., A chi Id was born to the couple in free terri tory.
Another chi Id was born in Missouri.
By the laws of the United States, Illinois, and Minnesota, Dred Scott
and his wife were made free by the voluntary act of their masters in
taking them into free territory. Dred sued for his freedom in Missouri,
but the judge declared his claim invalid and he was ruled a slave. His
chi Idren were also "condemned to bondage." The case was appp.aled by
the master who had transferred his title in Scott to John A. Sanford of
New York.
"Why should the master appeal from a decision in his favor? The intention
was to get a decree- from the highest legal tribunal' in the land,
(heaven save the mark) allowing the slave-holder to bring his slaves into
the free North, to live here with them. and breed slaves here; aye,
condemned to eternal servitude, children born beneath the sun of a free
commonweal tho "
(12)
34'79 - L Dec. 23; ed: 2/2 - The question of sla.very has become so thoroughly
interwoven with our political system that all matters connected with,
or relating to the subject, become interesting. For the benefit of our
readers we give the following brief account of its introduction into this
continent:
Slaves were sold in Cuba as early as 1521. At that time the Spaniards
were much less desirous than the Portuguese of possessing slaves, and in
1539 approximately 12,000 Negroes were sold in that city of Lisbon. The
trade in slaves was not free in the sixteenth century as licenses were
granted by the government. (3)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3500 - 3503
SOCIAL EVENTS (Cont'd)
3500 - L Dec. 12: 1/3 - A social supper with dancing will take place
at the Magnolia House this evening at eight. Ball's band has been
engaged for the occasion. (1)
See also Celebrations & Festivals
SPANISH AMERICA. See Latin America
SPEECHES. See Lectures & Speeches
SPIRITUALISM & OCCULTISM
3501 - L Jan.8: 1/4 - Miss Cora Scott, who is about 16 years of age,
with only limited educational advantages, has developed into a superior
trance medium with powers transcending those ordinarily possessed
by human beings. She wi 11 lecture in the Melodeon on Jan. 15. The
thinking part of the community is invited to attend. (2)
3502 - L Apr. 26:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, B. Paine of Painesville
says: "The Davenport mediums have been her_e exhibiting about a
week. They have done somethings that have astonished not only the
believers, but skeptics. But there have been certain general facts
throughout all the experiments, that have been entirely unsatisfactory
to those who doubted or disbelieved in spiritual theory .••.
"The following statement, by Mr. Abbott, as to what occurred last
night, when I was not present, it would seem, must be sufficient to
expose the whole thing as a deception; ...
'" I was present at the last sitting of the mediums, which took
place last evening, and I discovered that the lights there made, were
made by the use of phosphorus. Afterwards, when "Johnny King" was
taking up a collection in the circle for a specified purpose, "Johnny"
was caught and held; the light was struck and "Johnny" proved to be
the oldest Davenport boy. "Johnny King" is the alleged chief spirit
of the sittings. I understand that all left this morning for your city.
L. S. Abbott.'" (8)
3503 - L May 2:2/3,4 - In a letter to the editor, B. Paine of Painesville
says: "A writer in Monday's (Apr. 28) PLAIN DEALER, signing himself
'Candor' witho'lt, however the candor of writing over his own
name, - after alluding to the statement made by myself and Mr. Abbott,
in relation to the operations of the Davenport mediums .... sets out
by saying that he 'deems it an act of justice to all concerned, especially
to the citizens of Cleveland, to correct some of the errors of
that statement.'
"Since this is so, it is certainly somewhat singular that 'Candor'
makes no attempt to perform this 'act of justice', for after reading
his article several times, I am wholly unable to discover that he denies
463

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31. 1856
Abstracts 3509 - 3514
SPIRITUALISM & OCCULTISM (Cont'd)
boasted claims of modern spiritualism, will, he assures us, "turn the
tables" upon the pretenders. Judging from various newspaper statements,
they are such as to produce some astonishing effects. (6)
3509 - L Dec. 22: 3/5 - Professor Spencer wi 11 entertain a 11 beholders
with his wonderful and astonishing skill in table-tippings, spiritseeing.
etc. at the Melodeon tonight.
The price of admission is 25 cents. (3)
3510 - L Dec. 23:3/2 - Our citizens should not fail to go to the Melodeon
tonight to see thp "Spirits of the Air" contending with the "Spirits
of the F.arth," as some medium has accepted the challenge of Professor
Spencer and will meet him tonight. (2)
3511 - L Dec. 27: 1/4 - Professor Morse from Springfield, Mass., wi 11
lecture in the Melodeon tomorrow at 7:30 p. m. on the facts an:! philosophy
of spiritualism. (1)
STAGE LINES. See Bus and Stage Lines
STATIONARY ENGINES & BOILERS
L Jan. 3; adv: 4/1 - See Engineering & Engineers
3512 - L Feb. 17:1/4 - We were shown one of Worthington's steam pumps
at the local rolling mi11.s where it is used to force watt'! a distance
of 500 ft. to the Loiler and other parts of the mill.
Tbis little pump, standillg alone, performs its work to the satisfaction
of the company using it. (2)
STEAM
3513 - L Nov. 26; t!d:2/3 - "Ste:'1m power has achieved a resplendent triimph
since its first application to vessels navigating the ocean, and
judging by the w·1nderful results which the past fifteen years have witnessed
in this respect, we arc entitled to look forward to the future
prepared not to be astonished at anything which capital and enterprise,
all ied to science and art, may in that particular perform." (12)
STOLEN PROPERTY. See Receiving stolen Property
STOVES & FURNACES
3514 - L Aug. 15: 1/5 - The Tuttle stove store on Superior st. is undergoing
some changes and improvements. The front is to be changed to one
with iron columns. (1)
465

466
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3515 - 3526
STREETS
3613 - L Jan. 29: 1/4 - Yesterday R. R. Herrick was discharged of a Lharge
of violating the sicewalk clearing ordinance. (1)
3515 - L Apr. 9: 1/4 - James Ross was fined $1.67 yesterday for obstructing
the sidewalk wi th salt barrels. (1)
3516 - L Apr. 29: 1/4 - Henry Terence was fined $5 and costs yesterday for
depositing a nuisance in the street. (1)
3517 - L May 5: 1/4 - E. F. Wilson was fined $1 on May 3 for having filth
in the streets. (1)
3518 - L May 6: 1/4 - Charles Warnett, Augustus Teals, and Thomas Harvey
were sent to prison for three days yesterday for removing sand from the
streets. (I)
3519 - L May 13: 1/4 - David Cook was fined $3 and costs yesterday for
hitching a horse so as to disturb shade trees. (1)
3520 - L May 14:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night a survey of
Terrace st., from Detroit st. to the lot of L. C. Chapman, was authorized.
Chapman was given permission to work on the street at his own expense. (1)
3521 - L Aug. 11:3/2 - Wilson ave. is one of the finest drives in or near
the city. It is used extensively every morning by young-bloods who try
the stuff that horseflesh is made of. (I)
3522 - L Nov. 10: 1/4 - A man named ______ Kimball was fined $1 and costs
on Nov. 8 for obstructing streets. (1)
3523 - L Dec. 10: 1/4 - John Brown was fined $1 and costs yesterday for
obstructing sidewalks. (I)
Cleaning
3524 - L Jan. 17: 1/4 - The city council met last night and passed a resolution
providing that city sidewalks shall be cleared of ice and snow.
The people are gratified to see that the resolution is to be made effective.
(2)
3525 - L Apr. 23: 3/2 - At the ci ty counci 1 meeting last night the board of
city improvements was authorized to proceed with the cleaning of the streets.
(1)
3526 - L Apr. 29; ed:2/1 - Citizens are constantly annoyed either by dust
or mud, and sometimes by both, because the streets are not cleaned and
sprinkled. This could be done on the contract system. If someone were
employed to remove the mud and dirt from the streets, that person would

468
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3536 - 3549
STREETS - Improvements (Cont'd)
3536 - L Aug. 20: 3/2 - A new f1 ight of steps has been erected at the
foot of Water st. by the railroad companies. This is gratifying to
pedestrians. (1)
3537 - L Aug. 27:3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the grading
and improvement of East River st. and Brainard st. was authorized. (2)
3538 - L Oct. 1: 3/2 - At the city council meeting last night the board
of improvements was directed to erect crossings on St. Clair st. (2)
3539 - L Oct. 16: 1/4 - At the city council meeting last night the grading
and improvement of Vine, Marion, Spruce, and Harmon sts. was authorized. (1)
3540 - L Nov. 19: 3/2 - The city counci 1 met last night and adopted a
resolution instructing a committee to report on the expense of suitably
widening that portion of Vineyard st. adjoining the property of Edmond
Clark. (3)
3541 L Nov. 19:3/2 - The city council met last night and passed an
ordinance which amends the ordinance establishing a grade on Hicks st. (2)
3542 - L Nov. 26:3/2 - The city council met last night and passed an
ordinance establishing a grade on Forest st., and another providing for
the grading and improving of Greenwood, Scovill, and Hicks sts. (3)
Lighting
3543 - L Aug. 7: 1/4 - At the city cou11cil meeting last night the Gas and
Coke Company was directed to erect six additional gas posts and lamps on
Kinsman st. (1)
3544 - L Nov. 12: 3/2 - At the city counci 1 meeting last night it was resolved
tLat the lighting of Bolivar and Eagle sts. be authorized. (4)
Traffic
3545 - L Jan. 17: 1/4 - Thomas Holden and Stephen Palmer each were fined
$3 and costs yesterday for racing horses on Water st. (1)
3546 - L Feb. 14: 1/4 - John Emerald was fined $1 yesterday for driving on
the sidewalk. (1)
3547 - L May 1: 3/2 - George Marsh was fined $1 yesterday for violating
ordinances relating to hitching horses. (1)
3548 - L May 6: 1/4 - A young man whose name is withheld, was fined $10
and costs yesterday on a charge of fast driving. (1)
3549 - L June 30:1/5 - George Brickman was fined $1 and costs on June 28

470
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3558 - 3562
SUGAR (Cont'd)
end to buy the 'labor' than to buy the 'laborers?'"
3558 - L Nov. 22; ed:2/2 - The deterioration of sugar cane in the southern
states, and the increased demand for the article, has recently brought
to the attention of the public the subject of a substitue for it. The
most prominent and plausible of the substitutes that have been mentioned
is the Chinese sugar corn. Those Nho have informed themselves in the matter
are sanguine that the new plant wi 11 not only successfully displace
sugar cane in the South, but that its introduction will enable the northern
states to raise their own sugar, inasmuch as the sugar corn can be
cultivated in a colder climate than the sugar cane. Experiments have
been made in different parts of the Union with seeds distributed by the
patent office, and the plant came to full maturity in Pennsylvania and
other northern states. (12)
SUICIDES
3559 - L Feb. 21: Ij-t - Thomas Wi 11 iamson committed suicide yesterday in
his cell at the county jai 1. He had been cnested on the charge of indecent
behavior. He seemed in good spirits when breakfast was served at
seven a. m., but was found hanging at nine o'clock when the turnkey
came to release him for trial. Doctor Roeder was called and pronounced
him dead upon arrival.
Mr. Williamson, about 40 years old, left a wife and little boy. He
had been a skillful mechani

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3563 - 3567
TAXATION
L Feb. 4; ed: 2/2 - See City Government
3563 . L Mar. 4; ed: 2/2 - That the people of Ohio want a reduction in
taxes is a fact too well known to demand any proof. This reduction
must materially lessen their burden. A majority favor a geological
survey of the state. The expense of this would be $12,000 a year over
a four year period, which would be a small cost for a great work.
"It will benefit every branch of industry, increase the aggregate
weal th of the state, and thus lessen the taxes." (8)
3564 - L May 3; ed:2/2 - Pennsylvania is gaining unenviable notoriety.
Their mistake is apparent even to themselves, but instead or endeavoring
to redep.m themselves they are adding to their load of shame and disgrace.
It will take many years of fair dealings and honorable behavior
on the part of Pennsylvania, ere she can recover what she has already
lost.
"We look in vain throughout the Union for another example such as
Pennsylvania presents.... Pennsylvania should blush to be the exception
to this universal comity."
Even should she, from this day forth, sense her acts of violence
and withdraw the unjust tax which she levies upon the commerce of her
sister states.
New York respected the rights of her sister states. The railroad
cars of Massachusetts freely pass the boundary of New York on the Hudson
river. (6)
3565 - L June 4:3/2 - Last night at city council meeting an ordinance
was passed levying taxes for the current year. (1)
3566 - L June 4:3/2 - City council met last night and adopted a resolution
providing for the collection of the 1854 tax, the improvement
of the ship channel, and the river bed. (1)
3567 - L Nov. 13: 1/4 - In a letter to the editor, Irad Kelly says;
"I would respectfully inquire of all concerned, why the county treasurer's
fees for collecting the city taxes are not reduced agreeably to
the petition to the last assembly, signed by hundreds of intelligent
ci ti zens asking that said fees be reduced from fifteen to five mi lIs
on the dollilr, or less." (4)
See also specific subjects
TEACHERS. See Schools & Seminaries - Teachers
TELEGRAPH
L Jan. 31; ed: 2/2 - See Rai I roads
471

472
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3568 - 3573
TELEGRAPH (Cont'd)
L Feb. 6; ed:2/3 - See Railroads
L May 7: 1/4 - See Police
3568 - L Nov. 29:3/2 - The recent consolidation of all telegraph lines
and companies has brought about considerable benefit to the public,
principally to those interested in the telegraph. The public is much
better accommodated by prompt and judicious management of the lines
under one general head. (4)
TEMPERANCE
3569 - L Mar. 4: 1/4 - A discussion concerning intemperance took place
yesterday between six boys, the oldest of whom was perhaps 15, in front
of the Algers House. They talked 1 ike men of experience, and their
statements were exceptionally plain with regard to the evils of excess
usage, as well as those denouncing the practice. At the end of the
conversation, one boy said, "Come on boys, let's take one whiskey to
quit on, and start fair." Such ridiculous talk banished all idea of
moral ization from those who overheard. (6)
3570 - L Mar. 8; ed: 2/1 - There are a great many humbug establ ishments
in the world, some of which are deeply rooted in affections of votaries,
but none more dangerous and mischievous than the religious societies
which oppose temperance.
It is said that rum, war, and slavery, the three greatest evils of
the world, are kept alive in the pulpit. There are some churches who
criticise members for getting drunk, but say nothing if they follow the
business of making drunkards. "How can that man be consistent, who
prays not to be lead into temptation, and then persistently, as a means
of earning his bread, tempts men with his poisonous cup?" (4)
L Oct. 17:2/2,3 - See Political Campaign & Election - United States
3571 - L Nov. 8: 1/4 - In a letter to the editor, David Rayner says:
Attend the fair given at Tremont hall, Nov. 12, by the Forest City
lodge No.1, of the Daughters of Samaria, for the purpose of raising
funds to help the unfortunate, particularly the inebriate, in the endeavor
to make useful and worthy members of society of them.
"May our presence on the occasion inspire them with renewed zeal to
go forth on their great and glorious work of humanity." (3)
3572 - L Nov. 12:1/4 - Don't forget the Daughters of Samaria fair this
afternoon at three o'clock for the ladies, and this evening at seven, for
all who would like to help the cause of temperance. Admission is 25 cents.
(1)
3573 - L Dec. 17:2/1 - The Ohio State Temperance alliance will hold its
semi-annual session at Columbus on Jan. 14, 1857. (4)
See also Alcoaolic Liquors; Saloons; Temperance

474
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3582 - 3590
THEATERS (Cont'd)
3582 - L Jan. 21:1/1 - Mrs. Effie Ellsler's benefit will take place
this evening at the Cleveland theater.
THE WRITING ON THE WALL and THE NEW FOOTMAN will be produced. (2)
3583 - L Jan. 25:2/2 - Mrs. G. J. Arnold's benefit takes place tonight
at the Cleveland theater. A valuable testimonial is to be given her
by Bushell White, Esq.
THE HONEYMOON and THE QUEENSBURY FETE will be presented. (2)
3584 - L Jan. 26:3/2 - RIP VAN WINKLE and THE LITTLE TREASURE are the
plays at the Cleveland theater this evening.
After tonight this theater will be closed for several weeks. (2)
3585 - L Feb. 1: 1/4 - Charles S. Reese of the Cleveland theater was
fined $10.36 yesterday on a charge of exhibiting without a license,
under the new ordinance which has created so much talk and indignation
among all classes of people, at home and abroad. (1)
3586 - L Feb. 4; ed: 1/4 - According to the Toledo BLADE, Ellsler and
Reese of the Cleveland theater are successfully pleasing the people 10
that vicinity. The paper speaks highly of Mrs. Ellsler, Mrs. Mann,
and Miss Hadden; also Messrs. Vincent and Arnold.
"We are glad to see that this deserving company have been, as we
expected, well received." (2)
3587 - L Feb. 8: 3/2 - Mrs. Webb of Phi ladelphia wi 11 give a reading at
Chapen's hall this evening. She will read the new drama of the Christian
slave, as dramatized by Mrs. Stowe, from her celebrated story of UNCLE
TOMS CABIN. From the excellency of her reading Mrs. Webb has been
named "Colored SIDDONS." (1)
3588 - L Feb. 22:1/4 - Jenkins and Case were each fined $10 yesterday
for exhibiting theatrical performances without a license. They refused
to pay and were, consequently, again put under lock and key. (1)
3589 - L Apr. 1:3/1 - Signor Salvini, a Sicilian, made his second appearance
last night in THE OUTLAW. He takes the part of a man who, for the
accidental killing of the brother of his wife, is sentenced to life imprisonment.
After ten years in prison, he escapes. He is now in broken
health, but seeks his wife and daughter and finds them. After telling
his story to his daughter, he desires to indentify himself, but is prevented
from doing so by the minister who adopted his daughter. He dies
in her arms after hearing her call him "father." (5)
3590 - L Apr. 7: 1/4 - The Cleveland theater will open this evening with
Mr. Jamison appearing as RICHARD III. A large audience is expected.
The new play, THE FUGITIVE SLAVE, will be presented during this
engagement. (2)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3591 - 3602
THEATERS (Cont' d)
3591 - L May 2; adv:3/3 - At the Cleveland theater this evening Mr.
Couldock and Miss Irving will appear in two splendId pieces - STRANGER;
or LOVE and MISANTHROPY - and STILL WATERS RUN DEEP. (3)
3592 - L May 5; adv:3/3 - Cleveland Theater - Complimentary Benefit of
Mr. C. W. Couldock - This evening will be performed the celebrated
three act drama callt!d THE WILLOW COPSE, with C. W. Couldock, Miss Irving,
and Effie Ellsler. (2)
3593 - L May 7; adv: 3/4 - Cleveland theater - This evening, THE HUNCH­
BACK, with Miss Eliza Logan, G. J. Arnold, F. A. Vincent, and Mrs. Effie
ElIsler. - Also MY NEIGHBOR'S WIFE, with F. A. Vincent and Miss Alice
Mann. (3)
3594 - L May 8; adv: 3/4 - At the Cleveland theater tonight John A.
Ellsler, Eliza Logan, F. A. Vincent, G. J. Arnold, and Mrs. Effie
ElIsler present LADY of LYONS and THE WINDMILL. (3)
3595 - L May 9; adv:3/4 - At the Cleveland theater tonight John A.
Ellsler, Eliza Logan, G. J. Arnold, C. F. Walters, Alice Mann, and F.A.
Vincent will present ADRIENNE and THAT RASCAL JACK. (3)
3596 - L May 10:3/4 - Tonight at the Cleveland theater John Ellsler,
Charles Reese, and Eliza Logan will present ADRIENNE and TO OBLIGE
BENSON. (3)
3597 - L May 10: 3/6 - The Kendall sisters made their fourth appearance
at the Cleveland theater last night. (5)
3598 - L May 12; adv:3/4 - At the Cleveland theater tonight John ElIsler,
Eliza Logan, G. J. Arnold, F. A. Vincent, and Effie Ellsler will present
EVADNE or THE STATUE and THE MAID WITH THE MILKING PAIL. (3)
3599 - L May 13; adv:3/2 - At the Cleveland theater tonight John A.
ElIsler, Eliza Logan, G. J. Arnold. F. A. Vincent and Mrs. Effie EUsler
will present LUCRETIA BORGIA or THE PRISONER, and THE MAID WITH THE
Ml:LKING PAIL. (4)
3600 - L May 14: 3/3 - Tonight at the Cleveland theater John A. Ellsler,
Charles S. Reese, and Effie Ellsler will present WRITING ON THE WALL
and TO OBLIGE BENSON. (3)
3601 - L May 15; adv: 3/3 - Tonight at the Cleveland theater John A.
ElIsler, G. J. Arnold, F. A. Vincent, Mrs. Effie Ellsler, and Miss Alice
Mann wi 11 present GAME OF LOVE and MANIAC LOVER. (3)
3602 - L May 16; adv: 3/3 - Tonight at the Cleveland theater John A.
Ellsler, G. J. Arnold, F. A. Vincent, Effie ElIsler, and Alice Mann
wi 11 present PRIDE OF THE MARKET and MAID WITH THE MILKING PAIL. (3)
475

482
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3654 - 3658
THEATERS - Taxation (Cont'd)
3654 - L Jan. 28:2/2 - The Cleveland theater closed on Jan. 26. The
actors made their farewell bows to the public. Messrs. John Ellsler
and F. A. Vincent spoke and promised to return in a few weeks in the
event the prohibitory tax of city council is removed. (2)
3655 - L Jan. 29: 1/4 - The city council will meet tonight and the theater
tax bill wi 11 be discussed. The object of this ordinance was not
to close the theater, but to make it a source of revenue for the city.
This end will be defeated, for it will have the effect of shutting up
the Cleveland theater. (2)
3656 - L Feb. 5: 1/4 - In a letter to the editor, "Anti-taxes" says:
"Taking up the LEADER of Jan. 14th, I read an article on Theaters, by
'Taxes,' in which he complains of our council taxing theaters, and
modestly intimates that bigotry, bribery or ignorance set the council
to legislating up one class and legislating down another.... Without
following farther his tirade, we observe that he informs us that the
Cleveland Theater is fitted up at an expense of $20,000, and conducted
by gentlemen, (consequently its evils are to be tolerated) with a modest
liberal intimation that those who do not like it can stay away.... Can
'Taxes' point to a single individual who was ever reformed of a single
bad habit by the influence of the theaters. On the contrary, do not
boys often steal from their parents and employers to obtain the means
of visiting these haunts of vice. 'Taxes' winds up his tirade by an unwarranted
attack on one gentleman of the council; thus virtually admitting
a destitution of sound argument to sustain his cause. We hope our
council will not be deterred in their duty, but continue the tax on that
upas of our ci ty thus compell illg its proprietors to do something towards
defraying the expense of pauperism and crime they are so instrumental
in creating." (15)
See also Entertainment; Music
THEFTS. See Larcenies
TIME
3657 - L June 26: 1/5 - Yesterday, a pleasant hour was spent at the observatory
of R. Crowles on Prospect st., where it was shown that the
means of establishng time is anywhere simple although understood by
very few. A table is used which shows eight cities whose standard time
is some few minutes ahead of Cleveland, and a list of 12 cities whose
time is slower than Cleveland. (5)
TOBACCO
3658 - L Aug. 4; adv: 1/5 - We are willing to stake our claim as a CIgar
smoker that the best brand of Havana cigars can be had at the store of
Messrs. Palmer & Keith. (l)

484
Abstract 3663
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
TREES
3663 - L Aug. 1; ed:2/2 - Ancient travelers wrote about trees of gigantic
growth in Africa, and, though most of these stories were believed
fabulous, they are far exceeded by trees growing in this country. In
California there are trees 30 feet in diameter and 500 feet high. One,
when felled, measured six feet in diameter and had stood 240 feet from
the ground. (5)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstract 3684 Cont' d
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
that the Nebraska bill was passed for that purpose. The Leavenworth
editor has no hesitancy in telling the plain truth."
The Cincinnati TIMES. pro-slavery - "Know-Nothing:" It is well-lmown
to our readers that we have ever ignored the issue of slavery, pro or
con. We have at times denounced abolitionists because we have condemned
the manner in which they endeavored to compromise their brethren
in the North who were not in favor of the adoption of such ultrameasures.
"The TIMES is the organ of the Know-Nothing in Ohio, and is now
doing its little utmost to keep us a separate organization. Its circulation
is rapidly decreasing as a result."
The Richmond ENQUIRER, the most influential "Loco-Foco" paper in the
South: Without a rapid extension of slavery and a great increase of
immigration, a comparison of the census for 50 years of America and
Europe, shows that the North must starve and go naked. Slave labor
throughout all ages has been the only available farming labor, and human
nature is just now what it has ever been.
"If these words mean anything, they mean freedom must be excluded
from our territory and slavery must become universal. There is no cause
for alarm about want of clothing. The North is now able to clothe the
South, and keep people of the Southern States from starving, so we cannot
see how she wi 11 become a beggar in 50 years."
Some Democratic friends in the North think slavery would be a good
institution in the glorious northwest.
The Indianapolis SENTINEL says: Much as we prize liberty, we would
rather see Indiana filled with slaves than with free "niggers."
"Since the passage of Nebraska bill, the SENTINEL has been trying
to outdo the Louisville rIMES in its abuse of free institutions."
The PLATT ARGUA, a Missouri paper says: "If Shannon had one ounce of
real pluck in his whole body, he would have burned Lawrence to the
ground. His compromise wi th the abol i tionist insurgents was a most
dastardly and treacherous act."
"Perhaps it was a perusal of this previous extract that suggested
the following to the Cleveland PLAIN DEALER: 'Governor Shannon is on
his way to Washington to answer questions on his late proclamation and
treaties as governor of Kansas.' The PLAIN DEALER in Missouri would be
far worse than the ARGUS in Cleveland. If Shannon was wrong in maldng
a treaty with Free-Statesmen, of course, he should have brought them to
terms with the aid of the rabble he called in from Missouri."
The Richmond ENQUIRER also states: "The laws of all the Southern
States justified the holding of white men in slavery, provided that
they were descended, however remotely, from a negro slave. Whilst it
is far more obvious that negroes should be slaves than whites, for they
are only fit to labor, not to direct, yet the principle of slavery is
itself right, and does not depend on the difference of complexion."
"Our desk is covered with paragraphs from pro-slavery papers, and
never before in our brief experience, was the spirit of slavery so bold
and aggressive. The experience of every day strengthens the belief
489

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3689 - 3693
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
3689 - Feb. 18; ed:2/1 - There has been $105,000 raised by the Mississippi
slave·holders to send emigrants to Kansas. One of their lecturers has
remarl{ed that if northernprs could not be driven out by the ballot box, they
must be driven out by the cartridge box.
The weakness of Kansas invites invasion and the administration will give
no assistance. We must, therefore, depend on the justice of our cause and
the bravery of our people. If fight we must, let us fight in earnest. (5)
3690 - L Feb. 18; ed:2/1 - Upon more careful examination, this paper finds
it was an error in its objecti0ns to the bill of rights contained in the
Kansas constitution. If Kansas will be admitted to the Union, the courts
will no doubt use their perogative in regard to the slavery question.
Let the House of Representatives do its duty and the pro-slavery Sel1ate
will not dare object. There is no other way that civil war can bp. avoided.
(8)
3691 - L Feb. 18; ed:2/2 - In approving the official conduct of Wilson
Shannon, President Pierce evidently intends to shove slavery into Kansas
with a bayonet if necessary.
The laws which Shannon is authorized to enforce were passed by a body
of men having no power to pass them. Inhabitants have refused to be subjected
to this unfair practice.
As a compromise, the President proposed to repel invasions if Kansas
inhabitants will agree to be governed by the laws which invaders have already
enacted.
No people fit to be free would submit to such laws, and it would be
unpardonable for the President to ask it. "In view of these things, the
question arises: what is the duty of the North? We violate no law in
opposing by force of arms if necessary, the usurpations of the President.
We violate no law in rescuing them." (18)
3692 - L Feb. 20; ed:2/2 - President Pierce, we are told, did not interfere
in the affairs of Kansas last year because there was no need.
This is false, for he did interfere in a way to do harm where there was
need for it. We doubt if Congress shall allow Pierce and Shannon to go
to extremities, but if they do then should people vindicate their rights
by force of arms. "If we cannot obtain peace by lawful means then have we
but one alternative - conquer it." (9)
3693 - L Feb. 29:2/2 - In a letter to the editor, "Kansas" of Independence,
Mo., says: The invasion of Kansas can be expected next spring. Active
preparations are now going on in border counties to equip men. Large sums
have been forwarded to committees in this and other towns, a great deal
of which has been squandered by lawless vagabonds who tar and feather
preachers and rail-ride men whose dialect betrays a New England nativity.
491

492
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3694 - 3697
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
Little is to be apprehended from the Missourians, as they are a
harmless, poorly armed, and ignorant people, with no men fit or capable
of leading them. (15)
3694 - L Mar. 4: 2/2 - In a letter to the editor, "N" of Salem, 0., says:
"I saw an article in the LEADER, some time ago, that you designed to
raise $100 in Cuyahoga county; this is not equal to our quiet little
town. We have already raised about $150 in cash, and the Rifles.
"Last Sunday Rev. Owen Lovejoy preached and lectured on the subject of
Minister and Christian duties in the present emergency. And last evening
Mrs. Comell gave a most spirited concert, the proceeds to be added to the
Kansas fund." (4)
3695 - L Mar. 11; ed:2/2 - The citizens of Ashtabula county held a
meeting at Jefferson and passed, among others, the resolution to aid
their Kansas brethern by sending a company of emigrants there to set up
a permanent location and resist any invasions by ruffian hordes from
Missouri.
"Glorious Ashtabula. Would that we had many such counties." (5)
3696 - L Mar. 15; ed: 2/3 - In a late number of the Charleston MERCURY
we find reports of no less than three pro-slavery Kansas aid meetings at
each of which more than $1,000 was raised. Upon the opening of
navigation, a horde of southerners will pour into that territory. Are
we in Ohio doing our whole duty in this matter? The people of Cleveland
have done nothing nor will they help. The time for legislation and decisions
of courts is past. We must settle Kansas and defend it.
If we succeed, slavery will disappear from the country. The question
of Kansas liberty is the question of American liberty.
"If slavery must die a bloody death, we say, in God's name, let it
die speedily and all the law-abiding and liberty-loving people will say
Amen." (8)
3697 - L Mar. 21; ed:2/1 - Stephen Douglas, considered by some as a
model statesman, in his report to the Senate recommends the passage of
a bill providing for the organization of a state government in Kansas
as soon as it has enough inhabitants to entitle it to a representative
in Congress. He is either a great fool or a great knave. No one claims
that any people, except slave holders, were wronged by the prohibition
of slavery in the free states. They were not prohibited from going there
themselves, but they could not take slaves with them.
In the South three-fourt':s of the men are not slave owners and would
rather emigrate to a free state. ProhibitiCJn of slavery is not an injury
to the whole South but only to the slave owners. Both slavery and
freedom cannot exist in the same state, as they are an evil to each
other. Why should Kansas wait until she has enough inhabitants to send
a delegate to Congress in order to be admitted as a state? Florida,

494
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3702 - 3706
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
party will be gentlemen or ladies, neither give nor take insult ...
'ask nothing but what is clearly right, and submit to nothing that's
clearly wrong.' With this motto, with my knowledge of Missourians, I
have no hesitancy in promising all who join us a pleasant as well as
qui et trip." (13)
3702 - L Apr. 8:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, F. C. says: I am
a young unmarried man desir0us of doing something for the good of the
country and anxious to go to Kansas. If I had the means I would organize
a small group for this trip. I believe a Kansas aid society should be
built up in Cuyahoga county to aid young men without means to get to
Kansas. I believe a number of young men would go. (10)
3703 - L Apr. 11, ed:2/1 - William Taft and two men from the west will
leave on Apr. 15 for Kansas, paying their own expenses. They would
like to have others join them as every addition lessens the expense of
each. There are men enough in Cleveland who are willing and ready to
go but have not the means and there are men enough in Cleveland who have
the means and are wi 11; ng to furni sh them.
All we want is a committee to attend to the matter. (4)
3704 - L Apr. 14:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Hervey" of Lawrence
Kas., says: The free soi 1 element in Kansas is .largely predominant, and
it will require a powerful combination to crush out its honest will.
The pro-slavery influence is strong and organized, and feels the nourishing
indifference of the President's party. A great many powerful interests
call upon the people of the nation to make it free. (6)
3705 - L Apr. 21; ed:2/1 - While other northern cities are forming societies
to furnish food and means of transportation for emigrants who intend to
go to Kansas, Cleveland has done nothing. The South is not wasting time
in this manner, but is forming societies to send men to Kansas for the
specific purpose of making it a slave state. The Massachusetts society
on the other hand, permits the men to enjoy their own political sentiments.
"Will Mr. Douglas be kind Enough to inform the people of the northern
states, whether in his opinion the object of this Missouri Society is to
violate the spirit of the Nebraska Bill." (4)
3706 - L Apr. 25; ed: 2/2 - It has recently been suggested that opinions
of Thomas Jefferson on a great political question may be entitled to
almost as much considerat ion as those of Douglas, who is bi tter toward
the rebels of Kansas and says they must be subdued. The New York
TRIBUNE has in its possession a letter from Jefferson in which he admits
the rebels were wrong but that they suffered from ignorance and not from
wickedness and asks what country can perserve its liberties if its rulers
are not warned from time to time that the people preserve the spirit of
resistance.

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3707 - 3709
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
The convention to frame the Federal constitution, much impressed by
the insurrection in Massachusetts, on the spur of the moment, set
up a kite to keep the hen yard in order.
"We hope the senate of the United States will pay due attention to
this hint. That body seems to be a little too much impressed with the
alleged insurrection in Kansas, and they, too, are getting ready their
'kite' in the shape of the Douglas bill, to keep the hen yard in order. (8)
3707 - L Apr. 29; ed:2/2 - The affairs in Kansas are assuming the shape
that intelligent minds predicted nearly two years ago. The shooting
of Sheriff Jones needs confirmation. He was instructed to make arrests
in order to have the free state men put up resistance and thus afford a
pretext to conquer them.
"There is treachery and violence both before and behind, and it behooves
every man to hold himself in readiness for any emergency which
may overtake his country." (3)
3708 - L Apr. 30; ed:2/1 - Senator Douglas is well known for the errors
and contradictions he has made, and for the illegitimate means he uses
to get out of them. He has quarreled with Lane, but dares not fight him.
He offends his friends and makes his enemies laugh at him.
Most amusing is his Kansas bill. He attempts to prove the people of
Kansas should be treated as insurgents if they refuse to obey the laws
of the Stringfellow legislature. The bill provides that all white male
inhabitants over 21 years of age who have been in the territory for six
months and in the district for three months shall be entitled to vote.
The organic act to which he refers provides that the qualification of
voters and of those holding office be determined by the legislative
group. The Stringfellow assembly, which he considers the lawful one,
contains, among other things, an oath to support the fugitive slave law.
If Douglas does not mean to enforce the Stringfellow test, he is,
accorcing to his own statements, violating the spirit and letter of the
Nebraska bill and furnishing a complete vindication of all the acts of
the free state men; but if he does mean to enforce that test, then he is
violating his own word, for not long ago he vehemently denied that he
was in favor of such a test. "As he got himself into the difficulty,
let him get himself out." (7)
3709 • L May 1: 1/5 - In a letter to the editor, S. F. P., writing from
Lawrence, Kans., says: "I had commenced an account of the trip of the
party, which left Northern Ohio, on the 8th inst., to find homes in this
beautiful region, but I throw it aside to give more important information ....
"Yesterday the Missouri Post Master Jones appointed Sheriff of
Douglass county by the Shawnee Legislature, attempted to arrest S. N.
Wood, Esq., on the charge of rescuing Branson on a writ issued by a
Justice, appointed by the same bogus Legislature. Mr. Wood wished to go
home before leaving for Lecompton, but the Post Master refused to allow
495

498
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DICiEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1858
Abstracts 3718 - 3721
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
"How much longer wi 11 the people of Cleveland look on and permit
others to bear the whole brunt of the fearful contest?.. Shall we say,
to all the world, that Cleveland wi 11 do nothing, or shall we wait a
Ii ttle longer?" (4)
3718 - L May 13, ed:2/l - It is desirable that all emigrants to Kansas
from northern Ohio go in such a manner as will accomplish the most for
the cause of freedom and also tell the most for the patriotism of our
state.
"We want a colony in Kansas, to be able to vie wi th our neighboring
states in our practical love of Freedom.... We want a real old fashioned
Plymouth Colony, with pastor, school teacher, mechanics, merchants etc.,
all complete ••••
"Let us carry this thing through, fellow-citizens, and let us do it
up in good style, and with dispatch."
All communications on the subject of Plymouth colony addressed to
Mr. Blackmer will receive prompt attention. (9)
3719 - L May 14, ed:2/1 - It is probable that the next four years will
be fraught with great events. Aside from the contingencies of a war
with a foreign nation, there are complicated questions of our own to
settle. Kansas has appl ied for admission to statehood, and the South,
backed by the Democratic party, has declared that Kansas will not be
'admitted with a free constitution. Utah is almost ready for admission,
and here is involved another perplexing question. Next we may have
Minnesota applying with a free constitution, and then New Mexico with
a slavery constitution.
"Now if we commence by compromising a single inch, we shall be forced
to compromise till all the free territory shall be exhausted, and till
slavery shall have formed a cordon of states from the Atlantic to the
Pacific; and then the peculiar infamy would continue its conquests
without any restraint at all.... Never before was there so fair an opportunity
to either settle the question forever, or entail a civil war upon
our children. Let us place in the presidential chair a well tried
man, and all will be well." (15)
3720 - L May 14:3/2 - There will be a meeting of the Kansas Emigrant
Aid society this afternoon at 3:30 p. m. at the offices of Brayton
and Mason, to elect officers. (3)
3721 - L May 15: 2/1 - At a meeting of citizens held in Brayton and
Mason's offices, it was resolved to proceed with the formation of
Kansas Aid society. Officers elected were: Charles Hickox, president;
W. T. Smith, vice president; William H. Stanley, treasurer; T.
Sterling, secretary; and Rev. J. C. White, M. C. Younglove and J. G.
Stockley, executive committee. (5)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 21, 1856
Abstracts 3722 - 3726
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
3722 - L May 15; ed:2/1 - The border ruffians are striving desperately to
cover up the vi llainy they have thrust on the people of I{ansas from the
investigating committee and the rest of the world. They will be disappointed,
in as much as these outrages will only serve to show the importance of
this commission. Several instances are cited which are meant to make Kansas
a slave state. A party of 250 southerners, mostly from Georgia, arrived in
Kansas City Apr. 30. They are organized in military companies, and
their avowed intentions is the destruction of Lawrence. The majority
of them were unable to pay their hotel bi lls.
"Governor Shannon, seems to be trying to do as much mischief and
make himself as conspicuous as possible. The Kickapoo Rangers, formerly
under command of Stringfeller, at latest advices were stationed on
the opposite side of the river from Lawrence. For what purpose is not
precisely known." (9)
3723 - L May 16; ed: 2/2 - No argument is needed to prove that the only
way in which order can be restored in Kansas is to admit it into the
federal union as a state. If the Missouri compromise had not been disturbed,
there would have been no occasion to send arms to the people
of Kansas. Kansas has a population of at least 50,000 persons. In
1812 Louisiana was admitted with 34,000.
"Here are precedents enough. But Douglas says Kansas must have
93,420. This procrastination can very easily be understood.... The
existence of the curse perhaps depends upon gaining time, and this is
the secret of the whole matter. How any honest Northern man can follow
Douglas, or Pierce, we are at a loss to comprehend. Their party has
but one object in view to betray freedom." (8)
3724 - L May 17: ed: 2/1 - The testimony offered before the Kansas investigation
committee is of an overwhelming character. It has been
proved that Sheriff Jones, the man who was shot at Lawrence, was one
of the invaders. This is the man that Pierce provided with a file of
soldiers to make arrests in the forms of law.
"It would seem as if the days Lexington and Bunker Hill are again
close upon us." (2)
3725 - L May 17; ed: 2,'2 - The INTELLIGENCER of Kansas continues to be
of an exciting character. The Missourians evidently are determined to
back up the investigation by the congressional commi ttee. The administrati
on also means to defeat the committee.
Will the House of Representives any longer tolerate such tyranny?
Is there not some way in which these things can be checked? Perhaps
the citizens of Cleveland will bestir themselves when they learn that
Lawrence is in ashes. It may then be too late. (5)
3726 - L May 20; ed: 2/1 - A meeting of the Kansas Emigrant Aid society
will be held this evening at the old court house at the close of the
499

502
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3736 - 3739
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
bel ieves that two thirds of the bona-fide settlers are free state men.
Free state men do not recognize tile laws passed by the fraudulently elected
Legislature as binding unless they are forced to do so. Pro-slavery
men are straining every nerve to change the majority of actual settlers.
If people in Kansas are permitted to determine its institutions it will
be free. If poor men want to be in comfortable circumstances, Kansas is
the place for them." (2)
3736 - L May 24; ed:2/2 - The Kansas correspondent of the Chicago TRIBUNE
gives a pretty gloomy picture of affairs in that territory. He states
that Governor Shannon has distributed muskets to all Southern invaders.
Now the whole thing is coming to I ight. The muskets were sent there
to arm the cut throats. Do we owe any further allegiance to such a
government?
If we once establish the precedent that our chief magislrate cannot
with impunity violate the constitution, there will be an end to these
things. (4)
3737 - L May 24; ed:2l1 - Joseph L. Speer, former Kansas TRIBUNE editor,
is now in this city. He and S. N. Woods left Lawrence at the same time
and were to meet again at a certain 'Joint in Illinois. Woods took the
most direct course, but nothing has been heard from him since.
It is feared that he has fallen into the hands of the Missouri cutthroats.
In that event his fate is already sealed. (2)
3738 - L May 27; ed:2/1 - Lawrence is in ashes and its inhabitants may
even now be smouldering in the ruins.
The bloody scoundrels who brought desolation and death upon that
peaceful community now shake their defiant arms at you and at the bleeding
and muti lated form of 1 iberty which 1 ies in the dust before them.
Fresh hordes of cutthroats will flock in, and the flame of civil war will,
perhaps, sweep all over Kansas and Missouri, but we must do our duty; let
come what may. If slavery seeks a bloody death, the blood be upon its
own head. (7)
3739 - L May 28; ed: 2/2 - There are but few men in the North who talk
about settling the difficulties in Kansas by referring them to the court
of law in Kansas or to the U. S. Supreme court.
Alas, there is no hope for justice in either: Six of the nine judges
of the Supreme court are leagued with the cutthroats, bound to them by a
tie stronger than their feeble consciences, standing ready at ii moments
notice, to decide that the butchered free state men were insurgents.
There is no hope for justice there. The courts of justice give decisions
which would excite c:mazement on board a ship of pirates.
Let us at once lay aside all hopes of a peaceful settlement of our
difficulties. Now what is our duty? We answer, to fight. And who shall
we fight with? Even with those whose hands are dripping with the blood

508
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3758 - 3760
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
case the whole country may become convulsed in civil war."
Heretofore the PLAIN DEALER has contended that there was no alarming
trouble in Kansas. Who will say the world is not progressing, when
the PLAIN DEALER is willing to make such concessions to fact and truth?
(4)
3758 • L June 17; ed:2/1 - We consider the convention that has been
called in this city for June 20 a meeting of very great importance.
Thousands of noble men and women are every hour asking, "What can we do
for Kansas?" To devise an intelligent, effectual, and immediate
answer to this most important question, is the purpose of the meeting.
"Let the men of clear heads and brave hearts gather here on the 20th.
While we are waiting and deliberating and hesitating, the soil of Kansas
is drinking to intoxication blood as generous as flows in human veins.
Then let the people gather, gather determined upon immediate and effective
action." (5)
3759 - L June 17:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, H. C. B. says: "Talk
wi 11 not win the day for free Kansas; blk wi 11 not put to fl ight the
iawless border ruffians .... The day for peaceable emigration to Kansas has
gone by.... I have been hoping that a company 1V0uld be formed in Cleveland
to go to Kansas, and also that means would be raised to provide those
who may wish to go with an outfit.... I will start for Kansas on three days
warning, if I can find nine other men to g", out with me from Cleveland and
if our citizens will contribute means sufficient to provide us with a suitable
outfit for guerilla warfare, and pay our expense out.... Young men,
what say you? Will nine young men unite with me in this good cause, Vvilling
to endure the privation and dangers of such an enterprise, and wi 11 ing,
if necessary, to pour out your lifes blood in the defense of our nation's
birthright-American liberty?... Give me the ten names before 12 o'clock today
noon, and let us he on our way to Kansas before this weel{ closes." (11)
3760 - L June 21: 2/2, 3 - The convention of the "Friends of Kansas" was
called to order yesterday by William Barnes of Albany, N. Y. He stated
that it was the duty of the present generation to maintain the institutions
left us by our fathers sacred from the encroachments of the
slave power. A committee of one man from each association represented
at the convention was appointed to report business and nominate its
man. Mr. Wright, also of Albany, urged wise and calm action in this
movement. He believed the conservative element could be enlisted if
proper action was taken at this convention. Mr. Younglove of Cleveland
believed that Ohio looked to the ballot box ralher than to the cartridge
to settle the trouble in Kansas.
William Stanley was nominated chairman of the meeting. Mr. Allen of
Pennsylvania was chosen as secretary, and D. W. Brooks of Cleveland was
chosen as assistant secretary. A com:nittee of five, including D. Baldwin,
was appointed as a permanent organization. At the afternoon
session reports were presented by delegates on what was being done In
their various localities to aid Kansas. Mr. Finley of Kansas and

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3772 - 3777
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS - (Cont'd)
3772 - july 12; ed:2/2 - There is a cloud rolling up the northwest of our
political heavens. Pierce and Douglas see it and they talk now of the
Kansas pacification bill and proclaim it as a great pacification measure
for the peace of Kansas. If they are for peace in Kansas, why not support
the biJl in Congress to admit Kansas into the Union. But it is, as yet,
a free state and they are trying to deceive the public after the vote on
their bill, for with all the southern ruffians that have come in they expect
to make a slave state of Kansas.
Nothing but villainy is wrapped up in the new bill and the people of
the North will be deceived into no treacherous peace by its pretensions of
pacification. (14)
3773 - L july 22:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Quidan" says: The last
struggle in Kansas hasn't come yet. but when it does, men from all parts
will be ready to do battle for the right. Harvard, Yale, and other
eastern colleges pledge their support. (16)
3774 - L july 30: 1/4 - The meeting at the old court house last night, to
bear Mr. St. Clair of Kansas, was large and respectable in numbers. St.
Clair gave a vivid account of Democratic border ruffians, of their infamous
treatment of free state men, of murders, arsons, rapine, and robbery
commi tted by Gov. Shannon's crew. (2)
3775 - L July 30; ed:2/2 - The Democratic party was taken in by Douglas,
Cass, and Buchanan with the Nebraska bill, just as the Brahmin priest,
who was to offer a ewe lamb for sacrifice. He was met by three scoundrels
and convinced that a cur dog was a lamb. The three stationed themselves
along the road at intervals and when the priest came along the first offered
the dog. While the priest was arguing with him the other came along
and between the three they made him believe his eyesight poor and the dog
a lamb.
"So it is with the Nebraska Bill. A man could call a dog a lamb with
more truth than Douglas calls his iniqui tous scheme a bi 11 of rights.
"How true it. is that honest men believe the lies of knaves because they
are themselves incapable of falsehood." (11)
3776 - L Aug. 1:2/1 - A Kansas Immigration society has been organized.
Men and money are wanted; men of the right sort, who wish to make Kansas
their home, and money to aid them. Persons wishing to subscribe to the
fund, see Treasurer W. H. Stanley. Persons wishing to emigrate, inform
Secretary Dr. T. Sterling, or Charles Hickox, president. (3)
3777 - L Aug. 15; ed:2/3 - We learn from southern Nebraska that border
ruffians, 1,000 strong from Missouri, fully armed and prepared for war,
3ave invaded the territory to stop the free state settlers on their way to
Kansas. The free state men are everywhere being driven from their dwellings
and compelled to leave. (4)
511

512
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3778 - 3783
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS (Cont'd)
3778 - L Aug. 22; ed:2/3,4 - A young man left Oiio for Kansas, and despite
the fact that he is anti-slavery to the backbone and a prominent advocate
of freedom and free territories, he was determined to go up the Missouri
river and face the border ruffians. When the boat arrived at Lfxington,
a gang of ruffians came aboard the boat, seized the young man, took him
to shore, and searched him and his baggage. In the bag was found a copy
of the PLAIN DEALER and Chicago TIMES, both slave papers. The gang declared
the yoang man one of themselves and escorted him back to his ship
and sent him off with cheers. (13)
3779 - L Aug. 25; ed: 2/2 - Now is the time t'l send aid to our brethren In
Kansas who are fighting for their homes and freedom. Now tbat the President
cannot send troops to help the border ruffians, the fight remains
between the free men and slave holders.
"The South is making strenuous efforts to control Kansas, so it rem ... dns
for us Free men of the North to help the free soilers protect their homes.
Cleveland should do as Detroit has done, raise $25,000 immediately and
send it to free Kansas."
(8)
3780 - L Aug. 26:2/3 - In a letter to the editor, "Solon" says: At a
meeting held in Solon at the Disciple church, attended by Republicans and
Democrats, Thayer of Cleveland addressed the citizens and in a straightforward
manner brought out the facts of the outrages in Kansas. WhLn
finished, he gave the other side an invitation to reply.
It was accepted by Russell, who did as well as he could while reasoning
from false premises, but could not answer a single idea advanced by Thayer.
Thayer proved that Democracy is not what it once was, that its leaders
were the great aristocrats; also the great monopoly of 350,000 slave holders.
The people of Solon wi 11 always welcome Thayer whenever he visi ts our
Republicans or city. (6)
3781 - L Sept. 3: 2/3 - In a letter to the editor. "Liberty and Union" says:
A large number of our citizens would be glad to contribute to the free
state citizens of Kansas suffering from the destruction of crops, loss of
horses and cattle. and greater indignities at th! hands of the border
ruffians, but have not had the opportunity because no Kansas aid committee
was formed. I propose that at every political meeting a collection
be made. If everyone gives a dime, enough money can be raist:d in thirty
days to afford entire relief to the afflicted people. (6)
3782 - L Sept. 5: ed:2/1 - News from Kansas is still alarming. The Ruffians
have driven out the peaceable Quaker settlement near Westport.
At the last account, 1500 strong were gathered about Lawrence. (1)
3783 - L Sept. 6; ed:2/1 - The free state settlers of Kansas are in great
need of food and clothing as well as powder and ball. Surrounded by invaders,
they cann0t reach the river for supplies, and are living on green

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31. 1856
Abstracts 3816 - 3817
UNITED STATES TERRITORIES & POSSESSIONS - (Cont'd)
men, who constitute a large majority of its population, maintain a calm and
determined front, very few slaves will be taken there, while there will be
a rapid accession to their strength by the right sort of immigration. (7)
3816 - L Dec. 11; ed:2/2 - There is not even one fusionist elected to the
Nebraska legislature. The animal is not known there. There is not a
voter in the territory in favor of making it a slave state.
The editor of the NEBRASKA NEWS was defeated, not on any such grounds
as stated, but simply because he was personally unpopular.
The PLAIN DEALER says: "We were perfectly aware that no consistent
free state men were to be found in the Egyptian ranks but did not know
that the LEADER would own it." (3)
3817 - L Dec. 19; ed:2/l - The want of all reverence for either God or true
religion, which is an important element in the border-ruffian liquor-drinking
ballot-defiling Democracy, is notorious. These tender souled gentlemen
have taken occasion to give the public a striking illustration of this
in their attempt to muzzle the pulpit which has become of late rather
outspoken in its condemnation of moral corruption, even when found in
politics. (15)
See also Political Campaigns & Elections; Political Parties; Politics &
Government; Sectionalism; Westward Movement
519

520
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3818 - 3833
VAGRANCY & VAGRANTS
3818 - L Jan. 11: 1/4 - Charles Frampton was sent to prison yesterday
for 30 days for vagrancy. (1)
3819 - L Jan. 25: 3/2 - Ellen Murphy was sent to jail yesterday for 30
days for vagrancy, to be fed on bread and water. (1)
3820 - L Jan. 28: 1/4 - Ellen Holmes was sent to prison on Jan. 26 for 30
days for vagrancy. (1)
3821 - L Mar. 31: 3/2 - Ellen Holmes was sent to prison vesterday for 20
days for vagrancy. (1)
3822 - L May 9: 1/4 - Harriet Blair was sent to prison yesterday for 20
days for vagrancy. (1)
3823 - L June 23:]/5 - Richard Click was sent to prison on June 21 for
ten days for vagrancy. (1)
3824 - L July 14: 1/5 - Sarah Mathews was sent to jai 1 (n July 12 for
five days for vagrancy. (1)
3825 - L July 15: 1/5 - Daniel Johnson was sent to jai 1 yesterday for
three days for vagrancy. (1)
3826 - L Aug. 11: 1/5 - James Forbes was sent to prison on Aug. 9 for ten
days for vagrancy. (1)
3827 - L Sept. 2:3/2 - Joseph Burgert was sent to prison yesterday for
five days for vagrancy. (1)
3828 - L Oct. 18: 1/4 - Virginia Newell was sent to jail ye!'oterday for
ten days for vagrancy. (1)
3829 - L Oct. 23: 1/4 - Ellen Ferrel was sent to jai 1 yesterday for ten
days for vagrancy. ( 1 )
3830 - L Nov. 10: 1,'4 - Edward Brooks Piearce was dischalged on Nov. 8,
of a charge of vagrancy - probably in honor of his name. (1)
3831 - L Nov. 14: 1/4 - Ellen Ferrell was sent to jail yesterday for ten
days for vagrancy. (1)
3832 - L Dec. 10: 1/4 - Eliza Delurt was sent to jail yesterday for ten
days for vagrancy. (1)
3833 - L Dec. 30: 1/4 - William Lucas was discharged yesterday of a charge
of vagrancy. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3834 - 3845
VANDALISM & VANDALS
3834 - L Mar. 10: 1/4 - Thomas Williams and Irnas R. Martin were each
fined $3.36 on Mar. 8 for creating a disturbance and breaking windows.
3835 - L Oc t. 3: 3/2 - George Chapman was fined $25 and costs and sent to
jail for 20 days for rooting up ann destroying vegetables in a garden. (1)
VENDORS. See Peddlers & Vendors
VETERINARIANS
3836 - L Dec. 6; adv:3/7 - R. Jennings, veterinary surgeon, has moved
to 35 Cedar st.
The subscriber will still retain his office at Folsom's livery stable
on Detroit st.
In addition to the above, Mr. Jennings has opened an office and infirmary
at the rear of St. Clair st., where sick and lame horses wi 11
be treated. (2)
VICE
3837 - L Jan. 8:1/4 - Mary Ann McNeal was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for keeping a house of prostitution. (1)
3838 - L Jan. 8: 1/4 - Ann Crum, Robert Hunter, Thomas Cassidy, and James
Reynolds were fined from $3 to $5 each and costs yesterday for frequenting
a house of ill fame. (1)
3839 - L Mar. 11: 1/4 - Mathew Connell was fined $11.29 yesterday for
keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3840 - L Mar. 25: 1/4 - Mary Burns and Catharine Crowan were each fined
$5 yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3841 - L Mar. 25: 1/4 - Charles Clark was fined $5.36 yesterday for visiting
a house of ill fame. (1)
3842 - L Apr. 3: 1/4 - Caroline Williams and Maria Perkinton were each
sent to prison yesterday for five days for frequenting a house of ill fame.(I)
3843 - L Apr. 3: 1/4 - Ann Van Tassel was fined $25.36 yesterday for
keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3844 - L Apr. 3: 1/4 - Two young men were fined $5 each yesterday for
visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3845 - L Apr. 28: 1/4 - Daniel Mullen was sentenced to prison for seven
days on Apr. 26 for keeping a disorderly house. (1)
521
(1)

522
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3846 - 3860
VICE (Cont'd)
3846 - L Apr. 29: 1/4 - John Strong, John Mack, Caroline Smith. Sarah
Smith, Catherine Loveland, and Jane Raynolds were fined $5 and costs
each yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3847 - L May 1:3/2 - Catherine Chadverich was sent to prison for 30
days yesterday for keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3848 - L May 5: 1/4 - Anna Smith was fined $5 on May 3 for frequenting
a house of ill fame. (1)
3849 - L May 5: 1/4 - John Wright was fined $5 on May 3 for visiting a
house of ill fame. (1)
3850 - L May 6: 1/4 - Edward Hugo was sent to prison for ten days yesterday
for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3851 - L May 8: 1/4 - Frank Hardin was sent to prison for five days
yesterday for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3852 - L May 8: 1/4 - Josephine Thompson was sent to prison for five
days yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3853 - L May 8: 1/4 - 'William Smith was fined $5 yesterday for visiting
a house of ill fame. (1)
3854 - L May 8: 1/4 - Lucy Cramer was fined $5 yesterday for keeping a
house of ill fame. (I)
3855 - L May 8: 1/4 - Cynthia Bigalow was discharged yesterday of a
charge of keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3856 - L May 8: 1/4 - Stephen D. Hull was fined $25 and costs yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
2857 - L May 9: 1/4 - Lucinda Hoyt, Mary James, and George Elwell were
each fined $5 and costs yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3858 - L May 9: 1/4 - Amelia Lovely was fined $25 and costs yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3859 - L May 12: 1/4 - James Collton was sent to prison for five days
on May 10 for keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3860 - L May 13: 1/4 - Elizabeth Jones, Fanny Hoyt, Daniel Moony, and
Jeremiah Hardy were fined $5 each yesterday for keeping a house of ill
fame. (1)

524
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3876 - 3890
VICE (Cont'd)
3876 - L June 20: 1/5 - Grace White and Gennet St. Clair were fined $15
and costs each, which they failed to pay, and were sent to prison for
20 days yesterday for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
387'1 - L June 30: 1/5 - James Freeman and Mary Brown were fined $5 and
costs each on June 28 for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3878 - L july 7:1/5 - Mary Murphy was fined $10 on july 4 (?) for
keeping a house of ill fame. (I)
3879 - L july 12: 1/5 - Mary Finney was fined $1 and costs yesterday
for keeping a disorderly house. (I)
3880 - L july 15: 1/5 - Jane McGregg and James Allen were fined $5 and
costs each yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (I)
3881 - L July 15:1/5 - Isabella Jones was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
L July 22:3/2 - See Saloons
3882 - L July 22:3/2 - Augustus Fay was fined $25 and costs yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3883 - L Aug. 15: 1/5 - Henry Watts was fined $25 and costs yesterday
for keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3884 - L Aug. 16: 1/5 - Mary Connaly was sent to jail for ten days yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (I)
3885 - L Aug. 16: 1/5 - John Smith was fined $5 and costs yesterday for
visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3886 - L Aug. 19: 1/5 - Augustus Fay was fined $50 and costs yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3887 - L Aug. 21: 1/4 - Mary Collins, alias Mary Shay, was sent to
prison for five days yesterday for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3888 - L Aug. 21: 1/4 - Clarissa Mayfield and Jacob Rushes were sent to
jail for five days yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3889 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - Amelia Casey was sent to prison for five days
yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3890 - L Aug. 22: 1/3 - Charles Spicer was sent to jail for ten days
yesterday for visiting a house of ill f:Jme. (1)

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3891 - 3905
VICE (Cont'd)
3891 - L Aug. 22: 1/8 - Sarah McCulby was sent to prison for ten days
yesterday for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3892 - L Aug. 23: 1/5 - Hannah Mattison was fined $20 and costs, failing
in the payment of which she was ordered to prison for ten days yesterday
for keep ing a house of i 11 fame. (1 )
3893 - L Aug. 28: 1/4 - Wi 11 iam McLain and Amelia Cary were sent to jail
for five days yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3894 - L Aug. 30:3/2 - James Green was fined $100 and costs yesterday
for keeping the very worst kind of a house of ill fame. (1)
3895 - L Sept. 5: 1/5 - Mary Connally was fined $50 and costs yesterday,
in default of which she was sentenced to 30 days in prison for keeping
a house of ill fame. (1)
3891 - L Sept. 5: 1/5 - Clarissa Mayfield and Elizabeth Taft were fined
$25 and costs each yesterday, in default of which they were sent to
prison for 30 days for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3897 - L Sept. 6: 3/2 - Wi 11 iam Barker was fined $20 and costs yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3898 - L Sept. 9: 1/5 - James C. Green was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3899 - L Sept. 9: 1/5 - Ann Van Tassel was fined $50 and costs yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3900 - L Sept. 9: 1/5 - Maria Pinkerton was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3901 - L Sept. 10: 1/5 - Mary Singleton was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3902 - L Sept. 11: 1/5 - Charles Jennings was discharged yesterday of
a charge of keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3903 - L Sept. 16: 1/5 - Darius W. Babcock was fined $50 and costs yesterday
for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3904 - L Sept. 16: 1/5 - Sarah Clark was fined $25 and costs yesterday
for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3905 - L Sept. 16: 1/5 - Mary Kelley, Joseph Webb, and Thomas Staines were
fined $5 and costs each yesterday for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
525

526
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3906 - 3921
VICE (Cont'd)
3906 - L Sept. 26: 1/4 . Mary Anderson was sent to jai 1 for ten days yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3907 - L Sept. 26: 1/4 - Frank Merrill was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for visiting a house of ill faIDe. (1)
3908 - L Sept. 27: 3/2 - Ellen Jones was sent to jail for 20 days yesterdas
for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3909 - L Oct. 4: 1/4 - John Hogan was fined $10 and costs yesterday for
keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3910 - L Oct. 6: 1/4 - Mary Ridout was sent to jail for ten days on Oct.
4 for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3911 - L Oct. 6: 1/4 - John Baltimore was sent to jail for ten days on
Oct. 4 for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3912 - L Nov. 6:1/4 - Patrick O'Neill was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3913 - L Nov. 14:1/4 - Elicitia Thomas was sent to jail for 25 days yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)
3914 - L Nov. 14: 1/4 - Amelia Carey was sent to jail for seven days yesterday
for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3915 - L Nov. 14: 1/4 - William Mullen was fined $5 and costs yesterday
for visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3916 - L Nov. 18: 1/4 - Morris Bates was fined $5 and costs yesterday for
visiting a house of ill fame. (1)
3917 - L Nov. 20: 1/4 - A. M. Cresman was sent to jail for five days yesterday
for visi ting a house of ill fame. (1)
3918 - L Nov. 25: 1/4 - Thomas Munsen was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3919 - L Nov. 26:3/2 - Jacob Ringer was fined $10 and costs yesterday
for keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3920 - L Nov. 28: 1/4 - Peter Fultrod was fined $5 and costs yesterday for
creating a disturbance and keeping a disorderly house. (1)
3921 - L Nov. 29: 1/4 - August Fay was sent to jail for 30 days yesterday
for keeping a house of ill fame. (1)

528
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3928 - 3935
WATER SUPPLY
3928 - L May 3: 3/2 - In a letter to the editor, "Cheshire" says: "When,
more than two years ago, I was about to put down a stone pump, I was
strongly urged not to do it; 'it wouldn't do to cover a well down close,
it would spoi 1 the water.' I did however, and after two years trial can
challenge the whole city to produce a drop of more 'pure and sparkling
water' than I can." (4)
3929 - L July 22:1/5 - The aqueduct being built at the foot of Kentucky
st. to the lake is nearly completed. Preparations are being made to connect
huge pipes with it and extend these pipes out into the lake to secure
good water. (2)
3930 - L Sept. 22:3/2 - One section of the pipe between the engine room
and the river which is to conduct water to the reservoir was not properly
layed by workmen. When the water was turned on a large leak developed.
The damage will be quickly remedied, and water will be pumped into the
reservoir about noon today. (3)
3931 - L Sept. 25: 1/4 - One half million dollars have been spent by citizens
and property owners of Cleveland in the erection of su itable works
for supplying the city with water. It was to be running through our city
at the time of the fair, but when it was turned on yesterday, a couple of
leaks were found, which is no more than to be expected when pipes many
mi les in length had to be laid. We bel ieve that visi tors to the fair wi II
see the reservoir filled and the water fountain on the P'lblic Square in
full play. (7)
3932 - L Sept. 25: 3/2 - The work of driving water througb the ci ty was
pursued very carefully yesterday. Last night we had the pleasure of seeing
a bright jet of water from old Erie ornamented for use on the Square.
(2)
3933 - L Sept. 26: 1/4 - In a letter to the editor, "OBSERVER" says: In
passing through Public Square, I stopped to admire the fountain and noticed
the waste water running in the gutter. It is a wonder they never thought
of running it into the reservoir at the corner of the Square.
(2)
3934 - L Oct. 16: 1/4 - At the city council meeting last night m:::aures
for the protection of the water works were authorized. (1)
3935 - L Nov. 7:3/2 - The expenses of keeping the water works in operation,
including the salaries of officers, are $7,500 per annum. The receipts
for water rents during the month of October were $2,000. (1)
WEDDINGS. See Marriage & Marriages

CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3936 - 3947
529
WEAPONS
3936 - L Apr. 17:3/2 - M. Soller and Jacob Hammel were fined $3 each yesterday
for discharging firearms within city limits. (1)
3937 - L June 3: 1/4 - Some half a score were fined yesterday for violating
the ordinance against the use of firearms within the city limi ts. (1)
3938 - L June 6: 1/4 - James ColI ins was fined $1 and costs yesterday for
using firearms within the city limits. (I)
3939 - L June 13: 1/4 - John Rence, John Hazard, and Benjamin A. Woodward
were fined $1 each yesterday for violating the shooting ordinance. (1)
3940 - L June 13: 1/4 - Austin Brewster was fined $1 yesterday for violating
the shooting ordinance. (1)
3941 - L June 17: 1/4 - Frederick Rock was fined $1 and costs yesterday
for discharging firearms. (I)
3942 - L June 18:1/4 - Nearly 40 persons were fined $1 each yesterday for
violating the ordinance against the use of firearms within the city limits.
(1)
3943 - L June 19: 1/4 - Six men were fined $1 each yesterday for the unlawful
use of firearms. (1)
3944 - L June 20: 1/5 - Daniel Abbott. Peter Sharpe, E. S. Willard, Charles
Still, Charles Dinpart, William Armstrong, and Daniel Ager were fined $1
each yesterday for violating the ordinance against the use of firearms
within the city limits. (1)
3945 - L June 24:3/2 - Daniel Chandler, William Dree, Charles Newell,
James Boil, John Reed, Simeon Stephan, Herman Jones. Henry Walker, George
Fitzpatrick, and George Nailmaker were fined $1 and costs each yesterday
for the illegal use of firearms within city limits. (1)
WEATHER
3946 - L Jan. 9:1/1 - Jan. 8 was the coldest day in the city during the
last two years.
At six a. m. the most reliable thermometers stood at eight degrees below
zero. More easily affected ones went down as low as from ten to 17
degrees below zero. (2)
3947 - L Jan. 16: 1/4 - Without any regard to our cries, "Enough," the
clouds seem determined to give us more snow. Fields are covered to the
depth of two feet; sleighing is excellent beyond compare. The snow is

530
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3948 - 3955
WEATHER (Cont'd)
trodden down on the sidewalks, and just hard enough so it cannot be
thrown off without SOII1e trouble. It will be exactly the thing for us to
sl ip down and Clack our heads on in a few days; what more can we possibly
want?
The general rod-de-dow in the streets is like a miniature carnival.
Horses, fast and slow, are whizzing up and down the streets, dragging
sleighs and cutters, jumpers, and even drygoods boxes and demi-hogsheads,
anything teat could be put on runners. (5)
3948 - L Jan. 16:1/4 - The railroads in all directions have been very
much blocked with snow. The trains have, since the storm, been exceedingly
behind time. The storm appears to have been universal. It is a matter
that we have very frequently remarked, that three days after we hear of a
storm at Boston we are almost sure to have it here; but this time it seems
to have been snowing at Boston, Buffalo, Cleveland, and Chicago at the
same time. (1)
3949 - L Jan. 29; ed:2/1 - Yesterday snow was falling at the same time in
New York, Poughkeepsie, Troy, Utica, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Cleveland.
We have reason to believe that the same storm extended over New England
and most of the northwest. (1)
3950 - L Feb. 18: 1/4 - There was a heavy fall of snow on Feb. 16, with the
wind from the southwest. Yesterday the thermometer stood around zero.
(2)
3951 - L July 1: 1/5 - The Library association's sign was blown down and
broken in a gale on the afternoon of June 30. (1)
3952 - L July 19: 1/5 The man who does not find variety enough in our
latitude would he hard to please. Yesterday at 2:30 p. m. it was 96 in
the shade. Taken into connection with the exceedingly cold weather last
winter this affords fair example that "action and reaction are always equal."
3953 - L July 23: 1/5 - The coolness of the weather during the last few
days has been in agreeable contrast with the heated days of last week.
3954 - L Oct. 2:3/2 - The weather gave symptons of approaching winter In
the shape of a snow storm beginning rather early yesterday morning.
(1)
3955 - L Oct. 31:3/2 - The cold bleak winds of yesterday seemed to he heralding
the near approach of winter. Towards evening overcoats were hardly
a sufficient protection from the piercing lake winds. (1)
See also Droughts
(1)
(1)

532
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. I TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3965 - 3971
WELFARE (Cont'd)
given, - $3,807.14; average to each family, $5.29. (3)
3965 - L Oct. 23: 1/4 - On Oct. 20 superintendent Phi 11 ips of the Cleveland
& Toledo railroad gave the scholars and teachers of the Ragged school a free
ride to Berea, where they had been invited by the kind-hearted people of tbat
place to partake of and enjoy their hospitality, The kindness and good
feeling manifested by the railroad officials throughout, as well as the
hearty welcome of the good people of Berea, calls for the thanks and
gratitude of every pupil and teacher of the school, and we are assured
they have it. (8)
3966 - L Nov. 8: 3/2 - The officers and teachers under the supervision of
Samuel Folgambe, Esq., of the Ragged school, passed a resolution to erect
a monument to the memory of Barbara Forman, one of the pupils of the
school.
Barbara's death is attributed directly, the staff believed, to severe
and unjust punishment inflicted by a Roman Catholic teacher whose reason
was that Barbara was in the habit of attending the Ragged School.
A. W. Brockway, G. W. Whitney, Mrs. A. W. Pond, Miss Laura Blossom and
Miss Amelia Johnson constitute a committee to carry into execution the
resolution. (6)
3967 - L Dec. 6: 3/2 - The Western Seamen's Friend society wi 11 hold their
anniversary at the Bethel church on Water st. on Dec. 8. Speakers from
abroad will address the meeting. (1)
3968 - L Dec. 23:3/2 - The annual festival of Mona's relief society will
be held at Ballou's hall tonight. The festival has been planned by the
ladies and the net receipts will be devoted to the interests of the unfortunate
and needy. (1)
Industrial School
3969 - L Dec. 17: 3/2 - The city counci 1 has provided for a committee of
three to confer with John A. Foote and others as to the expediency of
establishing an industrial school. (8)
3970 - L Dec. 18; ed: 1/4 - At a recent meeting of city council a resolution
was adopted to inquire into the expense of establishing an industrial
school.
"We are heartily rejoiced that initiatory steps have been taken for
the establishment of said school in our midst, and we hope to see such a
one established as shall rescue from the temptations of vice, which now
allure them, the scores of little vagrants in the city." (12)
3971 - L Dec. 24:3/2 - The city council adopted the report of the select
committee on the subject of the industrial school and recommend that

534
CLEVELAND NEWSPAPER DIGEST JAN. 1 TO DEC. 31, 1856
Abstracts 3978 - 3982
WESTWARD MOVEMENT (Cont'd)
wise, of territories to which such emigration flow should be considered.
The people and the location make the chief element of prosperity.
The prospective advantages of Kansas will cause it to be settled earlier
than other sections. Rise in real estate will be much greater and
channels of commerce more firmly fixed. Whoever secures a claim there may
consider it worth four times what it CGst him, whenever it comes into the
market.
"The suppositions based on its becoming a free state and on the fact
that the pecuniary and other interests of 'bona-fide' people, their bravery
and their 'Sharps Rifles,' all conspire to make it such despi te 'Judas
Iscariots' who betrayed its freedom by passing the Kansas-Nebraska
Bill." (4)
3978 - L Jan. 30: 2/1 - Chicago papers state the emigration from eastern
and middle western states to the west, was never more active than at
present.
During the year 1856 we may safely say that 500,000 persons will pass
west of the western frontier of Indiana. (1)
3979 - L Apr. 24:2/3,4 - In a letter to the editor, "Kansas," writing from
the Missouri river, says:
No letter had been wri tten before because the person who had been chosen
correspondent of the party (headed for Kansas fro@ Ohio) left the party
at St. Louis and started for Iowa, some believed that he left because
of cowardice, while some knowing of other circumstances, believed that
someone would be there to meet him. Captain Dix of the POLAR STAR said
that northerners traveling on his boat would receive the same protection
as southerners.
(8)
3980 - L July 3: ]/5 - Members of the Western Homestead associat ion No. 11
are to meet at the store formerly occupied by H. Wi lkins, Park Row, July
7 at 8 p.m. (2)
See also "['nited States Territories & Possessions
WHOLESALE TRADE
3981 - L Mar. 22: 1/4 - Water st. has become the most important street for
wholesale houses. Every week we find some new addition to the trade.
The wholesale houses on Water st. compare favorably with any in the country.
They have been bui It large enough for the amount of business that
can be done in Cleveland in the next five years. (2)
3982 - L Apr. 28: 1/4 - Webster, Spencer, and Mellon have taken one of the
finest stores in Paine's new block on Water st. They are engaged in the
wholesaling of oil cloths, oil carpets. boots, shoes, etc. They design
and furnish their patrons with a first rate article of Cleveland made
shoes. (7)

540
CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX - 1856
ABSTRACT NUMBERS
L Jan. 29 742 766 906 1257 1471 1535 1857 1864 2940 3437 3438
3439 3514-1/2 3655 3949 3977
30 38 258 334 335 492 907 1536 1537 2803 2941 3978
31 136 185 654 1538 1539 1954 2716 2821 2895 2942 2943
3224 3440 3557
Feb. 1 137 138 139 493 908 1540 1541 1542 1858 1859 1955
2083 2896 3005 3036 3037 3195 3585
2 219 336 407 1258 1259 1543 1544 1898 1934 1956 2273
2717 2718 2800 2822 3215 3441
4 236 251 296 337 1525 1957 2104 2140 2274 2823 2901
3442 3480 3586 3685
5 909 910 1260 1472 1545 1546 1547 1548 1549 1865 2324
3216 3443 3444 3445 3656
6 338 339 454 2825 2826 2897 2944 2945 3446 3447 3686
7 445 1958 2827 2828
8 408 494 747 851 911 1550 2014 2036 203'/ 2829 2830
3038 3587 3687
9 1 177 264
11 126 186 833 834 1261 1551 1552 2719 2804
12 912 913 914 1240 1473 1553 1554 1866 2084 2720 2805
3116 3448
13 2721 3021 3688
14 43 394 473 817 1555 3546
15 422 690 915 1262
16 2806
17 3512 3963
18 655 2722 3689 3690 3691 3950
19 835 916 1263 1474 1556 1867 2723 3228
20 1959 3692
21 698 917 1264 1960 3217 3559

L Feb. 22
25
26
27
28
29
Mar. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
20
21
22
CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX - 1856
ABSTRACT NUMBERS
395 748 804 918 1557 3039 3588
2038
1265 1266 1475 1558 1559 1560 1561 1868 2807 3117
318 919 920 921 1267 1562 1563 2275
2724 3449
423 495 1516 3229 3693
767 886 1268 1517 3014 3040
418
2 887 922 1269 1270 1961 1962 2039
923 1476 1869 2725 3563 3569 3694
455 924 1271 1272 1564 1565 2276 2946 3118 3983
823 2277
35 59 456 631 768
739 2831 3570
401 888 925 926 2278 3041 3450 3834
548 898 927 928 1477 1566 1567 1568 1569 1570 1870
1965 2726 2727 3119 3695 3839
1273 1274 1275 1571 2279 3120 3451 3973
55 230 457 481 2728 3481
419 929 930 931 932 1276 1277 1572 1963 2015 2832
237 265 402 1964 3696
656 2833 3482
231 384 396 444 549
1457 1459 2040 214]
420 22EO
56 836 889 933 934 1278 1573 3697
837 838 935 2281 2729 3981
541

542
CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX - 1856
ABSTRACT NUMBERS
L Mar. 24 936 1279 1574 2165 3452 3698
25 187 937 938 939 940 1478 1575 1871 2730 3015 3840
3841
26 174 941 1280 1281 3453
27 27 942 1282 2054 3956
28 4 340 409 743 1283 1576 1577 1578 3121 3699
29 769 943 944 1284 1579 1580 2055 2834
31 500 698 945 1581 2835 3821 3989
Apr. 1 313 370 388 839 840 841 1479 1582 2166 3042 3043
3122 3123 3124 3171 3589 370e 3990
2 458 2167 2282
3 594 1583 1584 2168 2731 2898 3196 3701 3842 3843 3844
3991
4 691 692
5 28 140 141 142 341 424 425 878 946 947 1585
2169 2170 2283 2808
7 426 770 2171 2172 2173 2174 2175 3230 3590
8 410 693 948 949 950 1480 1586 1587 1872 3702
9 29 178 342 1588 1589 2176 2732 3172 3515 3659
10 10 371 397 427 428 951 952 1521 1590 2733 3432
11 1285 1286 3703
12 30 188 343 344 953 954 1287 1591 3197
14 345 1966 2224 3125 3704 3964
15 346 347 372 411 955 1288 1481 1592 1593 1873 3030
3126 3198
16 496 956 1594 2225 3173
17 189 389 957 2085 2909 3555 3936
18 190 550 958 959 1595 1967 3231 3454 3455
19 551 960 961 1596 1899 2284 2285 3044 3218

550
L Sept. 6
8
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX 1856
ABSTRACT NUMBERS
131 300 323 782 783 1113 1114 1351 1352 1730 1731
2021 3081 3082 3247 3360 3361 3471 3183 3897
1115 1116 1117 1353 1354 1732 2475 2926 3083 3248 3362
3784 3785 3786
561 562 709 1118 1355 1733 2235 3010 3194 3363 3787
3898 3899 3900
710 756 1119 1356 1734 1735 1736 2476 2775 3364 3901
784 1120 1936 2477 2478 2479 2811 3788 3902
711 785 1357 1737 1738 1912 2480 2481 2482 2483 2484
2485 3365 3789
92 375 2236 2486 2487 2488 2489 2490 2962 3366 3790
786 1121 1122 1123 1358 1359 1739 1740 2491 3011 3187
3367 3368 3791
154 163 843 1124 1125 1126 1360 1361 1741 2492 2493
2494 2495 2496 3026 3033 3151 3903 3904 3905
197 358 1127 1362 1363 1442 1742 2179 2497 2498 2499
2500 2776 2963 3152 3369 3792
712 1128 1364 1512 1743 1744 1745 1987 2501 2502 2777
3084 3370 3551
713 2503 2504 2505 2778 2779 2879 3371 3435 3507
132 432 714 715 787 1129 1365 J366 1367 1746 1747
2237 2506 2507 2983 3372 3793
330 529 716 717 788 1748 1749 2056 2135 2508 2509
2510 2511 3930
5 718 719 1130 1131 1368 1369 1370 1371 1522 2512
2513 2514 3085 3373
331 720 789 1132 1372 1750 1988 2007 2515 3374 3794
40 721 722 1913 2516 2517 3931 3932
433 723 724 790 1133 1134 1673 1751 2079 2080 2518
3626 3906 3907 3933
301 725 791 1135 1136 2022 2081 2519 2520 2521 2522
3375 3670 3908
16 726 849 2023 2197 2523 2524 2525 2780 3376

552
L Oct. 17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Nov. 1
3
4
CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX - 1856
ABSTRACT NUMBERS
563 794 2113 2214 2215 2216 2217 2252 2578 2579 2580
3205 3249 3250 3251 3390 3803
134 1161 1162 1388 1389 1774 1775 1854 1915 2026 2190
2218 2219 2253 2254 2255 2581 2582 2583 2584 2585 3091
3252 3253 3391 3828
1248 2114 2220 2256
682 2188 2257 2586 2587 3206 3392
376 896 1163 1164 1165 1245 1390 1391 1776 2221 2258
2259 2588 2589 2590 2591 2592 2786 3092 3093 3156
101 359 870 1166 1446 1495 1777 1916 2157 2222 2260
2261 2593 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2599 3189 3474 3992
564 1167 1778 1779 2046 2600 2601 2602 2603 2604 3094
3393 3394 3804 3829 3965
565 683 684 738 1990 2059 2262 2263 2264 2605 2606
2607 2608 2609 3395
324 534 582 1168 1169 1170 1392 1393 1394 1395 1780
1996 2137 2265 2266 2610 2611 2612 2613 2614 2615 2616
2787 2912 3012 3396 3993
156
795 796 1171 1172 1781 1782 2063 2267 2617 2618 2619
2620 2621 2812 2928 3397 3805
47 626 1173 1174 1175 1396 1783 1784 2622 2623 2624
2625 2626 2627 2881 2882 3398 3498
34 182 211 583 1176 1397 1496 1785 1786 2268 2628
2629 2630 2631 2632 2633 2634 2635 2967 3095 3399 3562
584 1917 1992 2047 2636 2637 2638 2639 2640 2883 2968
3400 3629
566 1177 139B 1399 1400 1918 1993 2101 2269 2641 2642
2643 2644 2645 2646 2647 2648 3096 3254 3255 3001 3630
3806 3955
249 273 280 465 2649 2650 2651 2652 2653 3097 3402
200 227 535 566-1/2 567 1178 1179 1180 1787 2654 2655
2656 2657 2658 3207 3403 3475 3631
201 536 568 585 1401 1447 1788 1789 2160 2659 2660
2661 2662 2663 3098 3157 3256 3404

CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX - 1856
ABSTRACT NUMBERS
L Nov. 5 393 437 685 2664 2665 2666 2667 3000 3405
6 172 438 686 1181 1790 1791 1792 2102 2668 3912
7 ]66 466 537 569 1519 2669 2670 2671 2672 2673 3257
3406 3407 3935
8 18 41 48 102 172 244 281 282 377 467 468
479 487 488 489 538 570 586 612 613 614 615
616 617 647 648 687 758 825 863 1182 1183 1184
1246 1509 i513 1793 1794 1919 1920 1921 1994 2027 2048
2115 2191 2674 2675 2676 2677 2906 3011 3022 3099 3213
3571 3632 3633 3604 3665 3966 3994
10 638 639 845 1402 1403 1464 1795 1796 1995 2012 2116
2678 2679 2680 2969 2970 3408 3522 3667 3830
11 103 255 378 451 797 846 1185 1404 1448 1886 2008
2161 2681 2682 3158 3258 3409 3807
12 308 447 587 826 1186 1239 1405 1449 1797 1798 1922
2884 2971 3028 3100 3101 3102 3103 3104 3190 3221 3410
3544 3572 3995
13 316 759 1450 1502 1923 2117 2683 2972 3411 3567
14 201 1187 1188 1189 1190 1249 1406 1514 1523 1799 1800
1801 2684 2788 2973 3412 3552 3831 3913 3914 3915 3996
15 250 283 588 864 900 1191 1247 1407 1802 2118 2119
2685 2686 2974 2975 3413
17 19 167 284 601 627 640 820 2687 2688 2689 2690
2789 2976 3259 3414 3476
18 104 105 106 379 809 829 830 1192 1193 14U8 1409
1410 1803 1804 1805 1887 2049 2120 2121 2158 2691 2790
2791 2885 3159 3160 3165 3415 3808 3916
19 285 1194 2792 3260 3416 3496 3540 3541 3634
20 107 274 286 589 816 1195 1411 1412 1413 1456 1806
1996 2793 3105 3261 3417 3809 3917
21 3222
22 618 760 1528 2162 2692 2693 2794 3418 3558
24 539 1451 1497 2163 2694 3419
25 108 109 157 256 641 808 810 831 854 1196 1197
1198 1199 1414 1415 1416 1807 1808 1888 2060 2064 3002
553

CHRONOlOG ICA.l INDEX - 1856
ABSTRACT NUMBERS
L Dec. 16 1424 1425 1505 1835 1836 1855 1890 1931 2981 3109 3164
3166 3643 3644
17 36 800 1225 1226 1426 1837 2013 2128 3573 3969
18 37 171 2001 2798 3645 3970
19 312 1227 1838 1839 3508 3646 3817
20 176 383 470 575 815 2029 2072 2982 3263
22 21 50 2893 3493 3509 3647
23 135 450 576 801 813 859 860 1228 1229 1230 1231
1427 1506 1507 1840 1841 1842 1891 2006 3478 3479 3510
3648 3926 3968
24 216 245 414 2030 2129 3649 3971
25 119 443 1232 1843 3110 3650 3972
27 1233 1234 1844 1845 1846 1937 2031 2907 3227 3511 3651
29 120 121 762 802 1235 1428 1466 1847 1848 2159 2164
2894
30 8 122 123 229 827 1236 1237 1429 1430 1453 1849
1850 2130 3833
31 124 208 369 593 803 1454 2799 2933
555

* Denotes subject heading
or subject reference
INDEX 1856
*Abolitionists. See Slavery
Abbey, G. N., 3999
Abbey, Judge Seth, 466 1293 2507 3113
Abbey, William, 2169
Abbot, L. S., 3502 3503 3504 3505
Abbott, Daniel, 3944
Abbott, Jacob (author), 58 61 79
Abbott, James, 1288 1622 1822
Abbott, Rev. John S. C. (Me.), 1450
Abel, Professor, 1925 1926
Abel, E. S., 806
Abel, Stephen, 2085
Aboncreaf, Warren, 1598
Abrams, George, 1273
A. BUTTLES (ship), 582
* Accidt:nts. See Disasters & Accidents
Ackley, Dr., 551 721 2131
Ackley, John, 2752
*Actors & Actresses. See Theaters
Adams, 2906
Adams, Gov., 2605
Adams county, 0., 2516
Adams, Jackson, 1390
Adams, President John, 2808
Adams, John, 1405
Adams, O. B., 1552
Adams, Rev. S. W., 244 3014
Adcese, John, 1105
ADRIENNE, THE ACTRESS (play), 3639 3640
ADVENTURES OF A ROVING DIPLOMATIST, THE (book), 122
ADVENTURES OF BROWN, JONES, AND ROBINSON (book), 119
*Adverlising & Advertisers, 1-2
Aetna Insurance co., 540
Africa, 3 112 392 3663
African Methodist Church (Bol ivar st.) See also Methodist Episcopal
church, 245
Ager, Daniel, 3944
AGNES DE VERE (play), 3608
*Agriculture, 4-8
Aiken, 2823 2831
Aiken, Rev. Samuel C., 244, 318 319 324 325 3014 3462
AKRON DEMOCRACY (newspaper), 2827
Akron, 0., 2827
Alabama, 369 227] 2306 3452 3732
ALBANY EVENING JOURNAL (newspaper), 2325
Albany, N. Y., 404 2325 2567
Albany and Western railroad, 2990
Albertson, J. R. (jeweler), 487
*Alcoholic Liquors, 9-12
557

INDEX 1856
APPLETON'S RAILWAY AND STEAM NAVIGATION GUIDE FOR THE UNITED
STATES AND CANADA (book), 86 2105
*Appointments, Political. See Politics (} Government
ARABIA (ship), 1865
Archibald, John, 1330
Arewell, Stephen, 1380
ARGUS (newspaper), 3783
AriaIJ, Casper (drayman), 701
Arkansas, 1961 3451
Armitage, James, 597 1693 3130
Armstrong, Lucy B. (teacher), 3754
Armstrong, William, 3944
Arnette, Andrew, 1341
Arnold, Mrs., 768
Arnold, Charley, 2507
Arnold, G. J. (actor), 3586 3593 3594 3595 3598 3599 3601 3602
Arnold, Mrs. G. J. (actress), 3583
Arnold, William (mfg.), 1508 1509
Arran, John, 912
*Arson, 804-806
*Art & Artists, 13-21
Athurson, 1904
Artman, William (editor), 54
Ashhy, Turner, 2702
Ashcraft's foundry, 40
Ashland county, 0., 2767
Ashtabula county, 0., 3695
Ashtabula, 0., 2678 2956 2988 2993
ASMODEOUS, OR THE LITTLE DEVIL'S SHARE (play), 3624
ASPENWOLD (b')ok), 73
* Assaul ts. See Robberies & Assaults
* Astronomy, 22
AT HOME AND ABROAD (book), 61
Atchisrn, David, 2227 2270 2536 2544 2613 2865 3675 3683 3792 3795
Atchison, Kans., 3711 3728
Atheneum hall, 2043
Athens county, 0., 2516
Athens, Me., 2233
Atkins, James, 1600
Atkinson, John, 1162
ATLANTIC (ship), 577
Atwater block, 36 167
Atwater, George, M., 175
Atwater, 0., 2985 2995
Auburn, N. Y., 3041
*Auctions & Auctioneers, 23-25
Augusta, Ga., 3699
Aurnett, Christopher, 1233
Aurora, 0., 2455 2986 2991
Austin, William (shoemaker), 204
559

560
Austral ia; 2073
*Authors. See Books & Authors
Avery, Rev., 1500
Avery, Mrs. Ann L., 3986
Avery, Henry (teacher), 3187
Avery, Stephan, 1345
*Awards & Claims, 26-34
AYER (ship), 589
Ayre, Richard, 988
INDEX 1856
Babcock, D., 795
Babcock, Dorius W., 1818 3105 3903
Babcock, Mary F., 1771
Babere, Bertrand, 2865
Back, Caitz, 1607
BACKBONE, THE (publication), 1967
Backus, Rev. Mr. (Leavenworth, Kans.), 3726
Backus, F. T., 2745
Bacon, W. P .. 2171
Bailey, Michael, 995
Baird, William, 1521
Baker, 3088
Baker (dance hall proprietor), 131
Baker, Andrew, 1594
Baker, Charles, 1395
Baker, George. 186
Baker, Marshall, 1362
Baldwin, Dudley, 711 2750 2752 3681 3760
Baldwin (E. S.) and Company, 3028
Baldwin, Hiram, 2756
Baldwin, John (founder of Baldwin university), 384
Baldwin institute, 384
Baldwin, N. C., 30
Baldwin university, 384
Baldwin's block, 2143
Ball, Edward, 1021
Ball, John, 3061 3234
Ball, William, 187 189
Ball, William (steward), 3232
Ballou, 1. V. (dancing master), 479
Ballou's dancing academy, 479
Ballou's hall, 254 745 758 759 819 2014
Ballow, Charles, 308,
Balls' band, 3500
Balls' mowing machine, 736
Bally's antidote and lotion (patent medicine), 605
Balm of a Thousand Flowers (dentifrice), 615
Baltimore, John, 1847 3911
Baltimore, Md., 2082 2190 2268 2494 2831 3225 3463
Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 554

562
Baumbaugh, 129
Baunbaugh, C., 1696
Bayard, 0., 2985 2995
Bealy, Michael 1094-
INDEX 1856
Beards Cummings and Company (coffee and spice factory), 765 1459
Beardsfed, Daniel, 1064
Beardsley, 1978
Be8ttie, W. D., 2959
Beaty, Rev. S. M.,
BEAUTIES AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE BLIND (book), 54
Beavis, B. R. (N. Brooklyn, 0.), 2012 2511 2583
Beckwith (store-keeper), 1251
Bedford, 0., 2365 2368 2769 2780 2786 2985 2995 3198 3202 3203 3206
Bedford, William, 1533 1599 1602 1750 1823 1827 3068
Bedini, Cardinal, 3454
BEDOUIN ARABS, THE (play), 680
Beebe, Francis, 3046
Beebe, James H., 2741
Beecher, F. C. (teacher), 3191
Beecher, Henry Ward, 3016 3463
Beedler, Dr. (author), 115
Beemer, Will i am, 1292
Beerly, John, 698
Beirce, General, 2451
Bellevue, 0., 2992
Belmont county, 0., 2516
Belvidere, 111., 493
Bemell, Charles, 1017
Benedict (L.) and Sons, 164 171 494 772 773 3027
Benham, George, 2171
Benjamin, Senator (La.), 2228
Benjamin, D., 1036
Benjamin, John, 1362
Bennet, George, 3055
Bennett, 184
Bennett, Miss (actress), 3610
Bennett, George, 1204
Bennett, James Gordon (editor), 2892
Benson, 2823
Benton and Brothers (druggists), 621
Benton, Colonel Thomas H., 2227 2311 2734 2736
Benton and Company (clothiers), 381
Benton, 0., 3205
Berea, 0., 187 384 2780 2786 2854 2992 3965
Berger, Christian, 1741
Berick, Thomas, 1539
Berlin, Germany, 2830
Berrick, Thomas, 3036
Berry, James, 3103
Besuden, Henry, 840

INDEX 1856
B ethel church, 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 3961 3967
Bettler, Jonas,-3l38
Biddulph, John, 1628
Bigalow, Cynthia, 3855
*Bigamies, 38
Bigelow, H. N., 2211
Bigelow, Harriet Haml ioe (author), 101
Bigelow, Isaac (bookdealer), 101
Bigelow, John (author), 88
Bigelow, S. M., 2125
Bigler (Pa.), 2495
Bigley, William, 3869
Bill, James, 1663
Bi lIs, George, 3150
Bingham, John A., 2782 2818 2833
Bingham, (W ill iam) and Company, 646
Birchard, Judge M., 2489
Birmingham, 0., 866
Bishop. See Chi los and Bishop
Bishop. See Parson and Bishop
Bishop, Judge, 640 2178
Bishop, Henry S. (buokdea1er), 63
Bishop, J. A. (councilman), 345
Bishop, P., 2745
Bittinger, Rev. J. B., 244 324 1502 1516
Bittinger, M., 1517
Bi ttle, 1802
Black Sea, 3
BLACK WARRIOR (ship), 2659
Blackburn, 275
Blackman, Henry, 1233
Blackmer, 3718
Blacksmith, Johnny, 1173
Blacksmith, Jonah, 1148
BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE (periodical), 2111 2128
Bladurn, Marvin, 3999
Blair, Francis P. (Mo.), 2418 2753 2813
Blair, H. (Warrensville, 0.), 562
Blair, Harriet, 1328 1358 3822
Blair, Henry, 2793
Blair, Jacob, 1105
Blair, John, 711
Blake, George. 1179
Blake, Isaac, 2750
Blake, J. W., 2170
Blanchard, Dr., 3504 3505
Blanchfier, Patrick, 1643
Blawn, H. A. W., 1824
Bletso, William, 1127
Blish and Garlich (machine shop), 782
563

Bowles, john, 3120
Bowling Green, 0., 1968
Box, Phi 1 ip, 450 3113 3114
"Boy and His Angel" (poem), 653
Boyce (S. C.), 2823
Boyd, William (cook), 589
Boyle, D. Scott, 2816
Boylen, Thomas, 1662
Braceville, 0., 2986 2991
INDEX 1856
Bradburn, Charles (council president), 344 2171 2174 2355 2745 2750 2774
3169 3200 3681
Bradburn, George, 2643 2745 2846
Bradford, Charles (saloon keeper), 3115
Bradford, john N. (butcher), 1497
Bradford, Sarah H. (author), 108
Bradley, Michael, 1686
Bradley, Patrick, 1614
Brady, 3214
Brady, J. (Lexington, Ky.), 1856 1857
Bragg. See Ingham and Bragg
Brainard (music store ), 1919
Brainard and Burridge (engravers and lithographers), 647
Brainard, Martin, 804
Brainard, S., 1928
Brainard, S. N., 1455
Brainard, st., 3534 3537
Brake, james, 1343
Branagan, james, 1310
Branch high school, 243
Brands, Luther, 1398
Brandt, Augustus, 187 1280
Branson (Mo.), 3709
*Brass & Coppt.r, 125
*Brawls & Fights, 126-135
Brayton, 2084 2194 3206
Brayton, H. E., 2745
Brayton, H. F., 2750 2793
Brayton, Isaac, 2752
Brayton and Mason, 3720 3721
Brazil, 743
BRAZIL AND LA PLATA (book), 107
*Breakwaters. See Rivers & Harbors
Breckenridge, John C., 2317 2391 2393 2481 2520 2535 2538 2592 2699
Brecksville, 0., 2448 2780 2786
Breslin (state treasurer), 2805
Brewster, Austin, 3940
Brewster. S. Isaac, 3041. See also McCoy, Fred
Brewster, W. H., 304 306
Briant, John, 1146
Brier Hills, 0., 2991
Brickman, George, 3549
565

566
INDEX 1856
Bridge st., 295 799
Bridge st. Methodist church. See Methodist church
*Bridges, 136-158
Bridges, Henry, 905
Bridges. D. W., 2170
Briggs, James, 1404
Briggs, James A., 2792
Brighton, 0., 2016 2780 2786
Britt, Mrs., 3506
Broadhead, Henry, 1606
Brock, E. A. (councilman), 345 711
Brockway, A. W., 298 3966
Brogan, John, 1095
Brokaw, T. C., 2903
Bromsbury, John, 1385
Bronson, George R., 193
Bronson, Mrs. M. A., 635
Brooklyn, 0., 346 775 1434 2573 2769
Brooklyn centre, 0., 2780 2786
Brcokpark rd., 30
Brooks, 2077
Brooks, Charles W., 594
Brooks, D. W., 2355 2583 3760
Brooks, E. W. (builder), 172
Brooks, EI isha M., 1016
Brouks, Preston S. (S. C.), 1860 2192 2401 2306 2566 2616 2625 2647 2762
2843 2844 2346 2847 2848 2850 2852 2853 2856 2860 2873 2876 3221
Brooks, S. C. (builder), 172
Broome, Gov. (Fla.), 2704-1/2
BROTHER JONATHON PICTORIAL, THE (periodical), 2124
Brotherhood of the Union, 2053
Broughman (author), 59
Brown. See Holden and Brown
Brown, Major (circus owner), 328
Brown. Mrs., 1915
Brown, E. W. (ambrotypist), 2143 2147
Brown, Rev. F. T., 244 3014 3192
Brown, George, 990
Brown, George W. (Kan.), 3662
Brown, John, 1287
Brown, John, 3523
Brown, Capt. John, 3812
Brown, Mary, 3877
Brown, Michael, 1702
Brown. O. P., 2192
Brown, William H., 1252
Brownell, Benjamin, 2169
Brownell, John, 846 3553
Brownell st., 769
Bruce, C. G., 642

Cabe, John M., 1768
Cady, 2177
Cady, Iner, 1056
Cahill, James, 3974
Cain, John, 1629
Cain, Owen, 1697
Cain, Patrick, 3157
Calerty, Mike, 1036
INDEX 1856
California, 2003 2242 2268 2281 2296 2316 2330 2349 2417 2537 2736 2842
2844 2857 3663 3687 3697 3714
Calkins, R., 3227
Caltle, S. (actor), 3629
Cambridge, Mass., 2858
Cambridge CHRONICLE (newspaper), 2858
Cameron, Dan, 1074
Cameron, Duncan, 1128
Cameron, S. P., 1653
Cameron, William, 423
Cammel, Michael, 1285
CAMPAIGN WEEKLY (newspaper), 1982
·Campaigns, Electoral. See Political Campaigns & Elections
Campbell, James (Postmaster General), 2898 2899
Campbell, Lewis D., 2821 2823
Campbell, Samuel, 1102
Campbell's minstrels, 1903
Canada, 158 630 641 738 1076 2136 2650 3482 3485 3490
Canada, George, 1709
Canal Dover, 0., 3197
Canal st., 202 3997
Caney, Amelia, 1779
Canfield (Medina, 0.), 3173
Canfield, Dr. C. W., 1512
Canfield, Jason, 2394
Canf ield, Pa., 2991
Cannel, Thomas, 1561
Cannen, Rev. Josiah, 1499
Capel, M'lle. (actress), 668
CAPITAL CITY FACT (newspaper), 2042 2674
·Caps. See Hats & Caps
Careens, Peter, 536
Carey, Amelia, 3914
Carlisle and Chapin's packing house, 139
Carlos, William, 1549
Carlot, Thomas, 974
Carlsbad, Germany, 824
Carmichael, William, 1324
Carney, John, 840
Carpenter, S. M., 2750
Carr, Charles, 894
Carr, James, 1021
Carr, Miss R. R. (New York city), 3185
569

570
Carr, William, 948
*Carriages, 212-216
Carroll county, 0., 2516
Carroll, Pat, 3139
INDEX 1856
Carson, Kit (Clarkfield, 0.), 2517
Carson, M., 898
Carswee, John, 905
Carter. See Lewis and Carter
Carter, David K., 2335 2461 2477 2645 2663 2774
Carter, Rev. L., 244 276
Carter, William Lawson, 284 286
Carter's Spanish mixtures (patent medicine), 616
Cartwright, D. G., 304
Carty, James, 1688
Cary, Amelia, 3893
Cary, Henry, 1316
Cary, James (drayman), 699
Case, 3588
Case, A. M., 2179. See also Chase A. M.
Case, Leonard, 2935
Case, Lewis, 823
Case, Will iam, 2926 2959
Casey, Ame1 ia, 3874 3889
Casey, James P., 399
Cass (railroad official), 417
Cass, Gen. Lewis,'2337 2509 2547 255225812670 2672 2693 2737 3775
Cassels, Francis (drayman), 700
Cassels, J. Lang, 2151 2152
Cassey, George, 1098
Cassey, Robert, 1208
Cassidy, Thomas, 3838
CASTE (book), 53
Castle, Abram, 997
Castle, Mayor William B., 346 730
Castor, Henry, 3146
CATCHING AN HEIRESS (play), 3604 3606
Cather, Edward, 1323
Catholic cemetery, 223 224 225 227 228
Catholic orphan asylum, 3974
CATHOLIC AND PROTESTANT NATIONS (book), 78
Caton, Pat, 1074
Cavanaugh, James, 1336
Cavanaugh, Patrick, 936 1093
Cavinnaw, Thomas, 1566
Cedar st., 500 798 3836
*Celebrations & Festivals, 217-218
*Cemeteries, 219-228
*Census & Population, 229
Center st., 130 131 154 782 893 2044 2211 3031 3527 3530
Center st. bridge, 146 156
Central America, 409 692 1464 2467

Central Market, 1495
Central Ohio railroad, 2961
Centre block, 172
Chadverich, Catharine, 3847
Chadwick, Catharine, 1623
Chagner, Michael, 843
INDEX 1856
Chagrin Falls, 0., 613 2013 2641 2778 2780 2786 2862 2991 3762
CHAMBER OF DEATH (play), 2640
Chamberlain. See Crawford, Chamberlain and Company
Chamberlain, J., 277
Chamberlain, S., 277
Chamberlin, I., 3681
Chamberlin, J., 3681
Chambers, M. (music teacher), 1920 1924 1928
Champlain st., 3962 3972
Chandler, Daniel, 3945
Chandler, W. W., 201
Chaney, Jonatham, 140
Channing, Edward (author), 80
Channing, Walter (author), 114
Chapin. See Carlisle and Chapin's packing house
Chapin, Rev. C. E., 311
Chapin, Rev. J. C., 244
Chapin's block, 372
Chapin's hall, 300 317 478 634 650 723 1436 1437 1438 1441 1916 2053
2663 2859 3498 3587 3755 3761
Chapman, George T., 385 3835
Chapman, Henry, 2182
Chapman, L. C., 3520
Chapman, Wi 11 iam, 1133
Charles I, King of England, 3744
Charles (actor), 3646
Charles, Miss (actress), 3646
Charleston MERCURY (newspaper), 2822 3217 3696
Charleston, S. C., 13 445 743 1937 2636 3440 3696
Charleston STANDARD (newspaper), 3440
Chase, A. M., 2182. See also Case, A. M.
Chase, Henry, 1347
Chase, S. H., 304
Chase. Gov. Salmon P., 2193 2280 2285 2286 2288 2289 2292 2294 2295 2300
2305 2380 2478 2479 2709 2714 2736 2737 2738 2802 2807 2809 2900 3481
3784
Chatham, Canada, 1440
CHEMISTRY OF COMtt'ON LIFE (book), 61
Cheny, John (railroad engineer), 514 575
Cheny st., 366 848
CHERRY AND FAIR STAR (play), 3610 3612
Chesebro, Caroline (author), 95
Chesley, John H., 547
Chestnut st., 257 416 535 547 790 1927
571

INDEX 1856
Chicago, Ill., 326 400 855 1966 2262 2267 2284 2612 2800 2982 2983 2988
2989 2992 2993 3233 3234 3235 3243 3247 3252 3262 3736 3778 3948 3978
Chicago, Alton and St. Louis railroad, 2989
Chicago TIMES (newspaper), 3778
Chicago TRIBUNE, (newspaper), 2284 3736
Child, Henry, 195
*Children, 230-235
Chilc;ls and Bishop (melodeon mfrs.), 1460
China, 2073 3216
Choate, Rufus, 2440
CHRISTIAN SECRETARY (periodical), 253
Church st. Methodist Church. See Methodist church
Church st. school, 755
*Churches & Sects, 236-326
Church ill, F. E. (druggi st), 603 611 622 623
Cincinnati ENQUIRER (newspaper), 2364 2390 3441
Cincinnati GAZETTE (newspaper), 2714
Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton railroad, 2961
Cincinnati, 0., 38 3158 39 431 828 1460 1916 1953 203 2036 2038 2192 2275
2282 2287 2294 2300 2306 2307 2308 2309 2310 2311 2312 2314 2315 2316
2318 2324 2328 2331 2333 2335 2340 2362 2364 2375 2390 2397 2413 2465
2488 2493 2544 2549 2555 2646 2714 2807 2809 2830 2850 2853 2861 2901
2943 2948 2982 2983 2987 2988 2989 2992 2993 2994 3229 3441 3453 4370
3487 3488 3783 3801
Cincinnati TIMES (newspaper), 2287 2465 2830 3783
CINDERELLA (opera), 661
Cing, Rachael, 1237
*Circuses, 327-331
Ci ty Bank of Cleveland, 431
City cemetery, 223 224 225 227 228
*City Government, 332-368
*Civil Liberties, 369
City infirmary. See Cleveland city infirmary
City jail. See Cleveland city jail
*Claims. See Awards & Claims
Clapp, George S. (Berea, 0.), 2446 2854
Clarck, H. W., 2937
Clark (officer), 426
Clark, Charles, 3841
Clark .county, 0., 7
Clark,Edmond, 3540
Clark, George, 1108
Clark, H. S., 2169
Clark, Henry, 3973
Clark, j. F., 2937
Clark, james, 2016
Clark, james M., 1649 3038
Clark, Malcolm, 2816
Clark, Mary, 1703
Clark, Morgan, and Company, 898
Clark, Sarah, 3904

Clark, William, 1100
Clarke county, Va., 2702
Clarkfield, 0., 2517
INDEX 1856
CLASS BOOK FOR LOCAL GEOGRAPHY, THE (text book). 3213
Claxton, Rev. R. B .. 3171
Clay, Cassius M., 1858 1859 1997 2289 2404 2514 2515 2608 2669 3214
Clay, Henry, 437 2389 2390 2344 2737 2768 3714
Clay, James B., 2389 2507 2608
Clayton, Rev., 3014
Clelland (conductor), 573
Clemas, Edward, 133
Clemency, James, 1042
*Clergy, 257-261
Clermont, B. F. (N. H.), 2958 2959
CLEVELAND (ship), 588
Cleveland Academy, 243
Cleveland Academy of Music. 1909
CLEVELAND ALMANAC AND BUSINESS MEN'S DIRECTORY FOR 1857, THE, 2115
Cleveland Bible society, 3014
Cleveland board of city improvements, 147 148 1491 1493
Cleveland board of education, 3181 3194 3200
Cleveland board of public schools, 3169
Cleveland board of trade, 391
Cleveland Central high school, 243 3204 3207 3213
Cleveland city infirmary, 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 1404 1520
1667
Cleveland city counci!, 24 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 141 142 143 144 145
147 148 179 209 210 211 212 226 332 333 335 338 339 340 341 342 343 344
345 346 347 348 349 350 352 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363
364 365 366 367 368 463 593 594 595 749 751 752 753 754 755 756 807
850 865 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 1463 1493 1495 1496 1497
1498 1520 2077 2087 2092 2093 2094 2155 2157 2158 2174 2177 2179 2187
2897 2913 2916 2917 2921 2923 2924 2929 2930 2932 2933 2945 2950 2971
3031 3168 3171 3172 3174 3175 3176 3177 3178 3181 3183 3184 3188 3189
3520 3524 3525 3528 3529 3530 3531 3532 3533 3534 3535 3537 3538 3540
3541 3542 3543 3544 3554 3565 3566 3652 3653 3654 3655 3934 3969 3970
3971 3972
Cleveland Clothing co.. 370
Cleveland city jail, 128 135 601 907 955 958 967 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047
1048 1049 1050 1052 1053 1060 1066 1069 1070 1073 1077 1083 1084 1087
1092 1094 1102 1103 1105 1109 1110 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1118 1119
1120 1121 1124 1126 1128 1129 1130 1136 1139 1142 1144 1145 1146 1148
1149 1153 1154 1155 1160 1161 1166 1170 i172 1173 1176 1177 1179 1180
1186 1188 1189 1190 1191 1194 1195 1196 1197 1200 1202 1205 1206 1209
1210 1213 1214 1218 1220 1221 1222 1225 1227 1229 1230 1231 1232 1235
1237 1243 1246 1250 1251 1252 1255 1256 1257 1259 1260 1262 1269 1270
1274 1275 1282 1283 1284 1287 1291 1292 1293 1296 1303 1304 1305 1318
1319 1320 1321 1323 1326 1327 1331 1332 1333 1335 1337 1338 1341 1342
1344 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1352 1355 1357 1358 1362 1363 1364 1365
1366 1368 1370 1379 1382 1383 1387 1389 1391 1392 1394 1417 1418 1422
1425 1426 1429 1522 1523 1533 1536 1537 1538 1542 1599 1603 1676 1692
573

INDEX 1856
Cleveland police department, 359 2921
Cleveland public hall, 1927
Cleveland Publ ic Square, 180 300 345 372 414 483 485 487 488 494 532 616
624 1924 2009 2028 2099 2447 2514 2914 2915 2917 2918 2920 2922 2923
2926 2929 2930 2931 2932 2933 3931 3932 3933
Cleveland Teachers association, 3207 3208
Cleveland Theater, 655 656 658 659 660 661 664 665 666 667 668 669 670
671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 682 684 3574 3575 3576 3578
3579 3580 3581 3582 3583 3584 3586 3590 3591 3592 3593 3594 3595 3596
3597 3598 3599 3600 3601 3602 3603 3604 3605 3606 3607 3608 3609 3610
3611 3612 3613 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3619 3620 3621 3622 3623 3624
3625 3626 3627 3628 3629 3631 3632 3633 3634 3635 3637 3638 3640 3642
3643 3645 3647 3648 3649 3650 3651 3652 3653 3654 3655 3656
Cleveland and Toledo railroad, 490 547 553 576 2939 2945 2950 2953 2954
2961 2963 2989 2992 3965
Cleveland White Lead co., 1459
Cleveland, Wooster and Zanesville railroad, 2961
CLEVELANDER (newspaper), 2336
Click, Lawrence, 1656
Click, Richard, 3823
Clifford, Honora, 3143 3147
Clifton park, 594
Clifton st., 368
·Climate. See Weather
Climax hair tonic, 622
Cl inton, james, 1627
Clinton st., 780 2486
Clinton street school, 243
Clisbee, C. W., 2205 2448 2572 2779
Clock, james, 155
*Clothing Trade, 370-383
Clough. Richard, 2
Cluncey. john, 1769
Clyne, Lawrence. 1029
Clyde, 0., 2992
Coakley, Timothy. 1683
Cobb, Howe 11 \. Ga. ), 2228
Cobb, (J. B.) and Company (book dealers). 44 47 50 75 88 90 93 94 95 97
99 100 102 105 107 3213
Cochran, Robert, 1816
Cochran, William. 1637
Cockerell, 2219
Coe, S. S., 3227
Coffee, John. 1306 1378
Coffee, Phillip. 1176 3005 3007 3009
Coffee, Thomas, 1377
Cohen, E. V., 1250
Cohen, Lewis, 3121
Coit, H. C. (East Cleveland), 1499
Coit, Marie, 1499
Colburn, F. (author), 116
575

576
IN-DEX 1856
Colby, Charles, 1466
Cole, Charles, 1164
Coleman, Cornelius, 1021 1839
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (poet), 71
Colfax, Schuyler, 2247
Colgrove, Orson R., 424 426 428
Co 11 amer ,2892
·Colleges & Univetsities, 384-387
Colley (African geogtapher), 3 ..
Collier, Lewis, 922
Collins, E. K., 592
ColI ins, james, 3938
Collins, jerry, 1364
Collins, john, 890
Collins, Mary, 3887
Collins, Peter, 906
Collins, S., 3025
Collins steamship line, 2899
Collins, Timothy, 1543 1573
ColI ins, Wi 11 iam, 2444
Collins, William, 2793
Collinwood, 0., 592
ColI ton, james, 3859
COLOMBA (book), 64 65
Colored Ladies Benevolent sewing society, 3480
Colson, W. 0., 440 442
Columbia, 0., 2446
Columbus DEMOCRAT (newspaper), 3742
Columbus JOURNAL (newspaper), 1949
Columbus, 0., 335 339 471 563 828 1525 1916 1949 1953 2041 2042 2097
2281 2285 2317 2706 2707 2710 2711 2728 2756 2758 2797 2806 2900 2936
2940 2973 2983 2987 2988 2993 2994 3470 3483 3573 3742 3745
Columbus STATESMAN, THE (newspaper), 2317 2639 2711
Columbus st., 143 147 171 1514
Columbus st. bridge, 144
Coman, Stephen, 891
Comell, Mrs., 3694
·Commerce, 388-393
Commercial Bank, 36
·Commercial Education, 633-645
·Communities & Places, 394-400
·Community Growth, 40J -403
Comonfort, Ygnacio (dictator of Mexico), 1431 1432
Comstock, A. H. (Bedford, 0.), 2769
Comstock, C. j., 1459
Conally, Ellen, 972
Conal1y, Mary, 3895
Conaly, Patrick, 1645
Conaway, jane, 3869
Conde 11 , William, 1845 1846
Condit (New York city), 2137
Condon, Mary, 1835

*Conduct & Customs, 404-413
Cone, Martin, 1635
*Confectioners, 414
INDEX 1856
CONFLICT OF AGES (book), 115
Congdon, Carol ine M. (poet), 2149
CONGRESSIONAL GLOBE, 2475
Conklin, Jacob S., 2516
Conlem. Owen, 1085
Conley, Ellen, 990
Conley, Mary, 3865
Conley, Michael, 1275
Conley, Tim, 1036
Conlon, Mary, 3146
Connaly, Mary, 3884
Conne, Ann, 1062
Conneaut, 0., 2967 2988 2993 3044
Connecticut, 2207 2224 2241 2244 2245 2255 2314 3464 3556 3756 3802
Connell, Mathew, 3839
Conner, James, 1015
Conner, Wi 11 iam, 1720
Conners, Maria. 3552
Conners, William, 1882
Conolly, Timothy, 967
CONQUEST OF KANSAS, THE (book), 100
Conrad. A., 1154
Conrad, Catherine, 1339
Conrad, Jeremiah, 2750
CONTENTMENT VS. RICHES (play), 675
Continental Concert troupe, 1905 1906 1930 1931
·Conventions, Political. See Political Campaigns & Elections
Cook, David, 3519
Cook family (entertainers), 327
Cook, Henry D. (Erie county, 0.), 2516
Cook, Mrs. J. (Oberlin, 0.), 3985
Cook, Rev. S. (Oberlin, 0.), 3985
Cooke, Mrs. L. A., 298
Cookers, Thomas, 3873
Coo 1 ey, Harri son R., 836
Coon (lawyer), 473
Coon, John, 2606
Coon, Pat, 519
Cooney, John, 1591
COOPERS, THE (pantomime), 671 674
Cora, Charles, 399
Corit, Wi 11 ia.m, 1856
Cardington. 0., 2987 2994
Corey, Catherine, 968
Corlett, William, 3996
Cornal ia, Thomas, 1006
CORNELL'S SERIES OF GEOGRAPHIES, (text book). 3212
Coming, 779. See Barney, Corning, and Company
577

INDEX 1856
Craw, Cornelius, 1123
Craw, J. A. (city sexton), 221
Crawford, Chamberlain and Company, 587 588
Crawford, Price and Company, 523 530
Crawson, Charles, 1062
Creasy, Sir Edward Shepherd (English historian). 73
Creeder, 2838
Cregeil, William. 1613
CRESCENT CITY (ship), 3237 3245
Cresman, A. M., 3917
Cressy, J. W •• 1223
Crestl ine, 0., 2987 2994
Creyton, Paul (author), 124
·Crime & Criminals, 472
Crittenden's jewelry store, 490
Crocker, James G., 719
Crodder, J., 1036
Croker, J., 304
Croly, Carlos, 1222
Crosby (singer), 1913
Crosby, James (bridge tender), 142
Crosby, L. H. t 723
Crowan, Catherine, 3840
Crowell (lawyer), 473
Crowell, General, 746 2073 2846
Crowell, John 790 2750
Crowles, R., 3657
Crowley, Patrick, 443
Crum, Ann, 3838
Crumb (C. A.) and Company (druggists). 611 622 623
Crumb, Charles A., 345 2170 2394 2745
Cuba, 743 1464 2289 2363 2467 2607 3479
Cuesland, Margaret, 3146
Cullen, John, 1752
·Cultural Organizations, 2012-2013
Culver, D. (Bedford, 0.), 2769
Cummings. See Beards and Cummings
Cummings, Michael, 1127
Cummings, Rhoda, 1837
Cummings, Thomas, 1765
Cummins, Ellen, 1698
Cummins Henry, 3146
Cuniham, Sarah, 1074
Cunningham, Edward, 1066 1089
Cunningham, Hugh, 1003
Cunningham, James. 1535
Cunningham, Martin, 10 845
Cunningham, Pat, 963
Curd, Robert, 450 3111 3114
Curdock, Patrick, 1844
Curi ts, A. W., 304
579

580
Curran, Ann, 952 1000
*Currency. See Money
Curry, William D., 1721
INDEX 1856
CURSE ENTAILED. THE (book), 101
Curtiss (Ia.), 2230 2232
Cutler. Benjamin C., 940
Cutler, Thomas, 1540
Cutler, William, 1542 1587
Cutter, Capt. (Ky.), 2521
Cutter, Edwin, 3050
Cutter, Orlando, 25
Cutter (0.), and son, 19 174 376 626 3000
Cutter, Tracy, 1441
CUYAHOGA (ship), 586
Cuyahoga county, 0., 7 147 183 335 446 1465 2020 2021 2022 2024 2025
2026 2028 2029 2031 2178 2180 2184 2188 2193 2194 2206 2209 2210 2425
2572 2722 2746 2748 2752 2786 3033 3694 3702 3802
Cuyahoga County Agricultural society, 727 732 734
Cuyahoga county court house, 479 704 717 1440 1462 2169 2293 2355 2378 2407
2443 2444 2449 2452 2453 2528 2579 2582 2644 2645 2760 2783 3805
Cuyahoga county court house (old), 179 2348 2429 2435 2437 2460 2515
2559 2764 2766 2846 3726 3774
Cuyahoga county court of common pleas, 135 190 192 203 423 424 427 428
432 434 439 442 446 447 448 449 450 464 474 475 476 837 838 868 869
870 873 874 1272 1281 1330 1354 1361 1367 1455 2178 2949
Cuyahoga county fair, 727 731 732 734 735
Cuyahoga county jail, 9 870 1263 1266 1267 1277 1279 1280 1281 1285 1289
1290 1302 1310 1322 1328 1414 1420 2096 2153 3007 3559
Cuyahoga county Teachers association, 3195 3198
Cuyahoga Furnace Works, 1458
Cuyahoga Musical society, 1895
Cuyahoga river, 147 171 519 521 523 719 866 878 2153 2945 2954 2969 2975
3029

Dackar, George, 1739
Dailey, Simon. 1770
Daily, Dennis, 1769
Daily, John, 3090
Daily, Mike, 3090
Daily, Owen, 436
INDEX 1856
DAISY'S NECKLACE AND WHAT BECAME OF IT (book), 97
Dallas, George Miffl in, 2535
*Damage Sui ts, 473 477
Damascus, 0., 496
Damson, Bridget, 1216
*Dancing, 478 479
Dane, James, 537 1171
Daniels, C. V., 2533
Dann, S. D. (Jefferon, 0.), 2510
Danton, George, 2865
Danville, Ill., 2992
Daponco, Dr., 606
Darling, John S. (Florence, Pa.), 1500
Darlington, Pa., 546
DAUGHTER OF THE REGIMENT (play), 3615
Daughters of Samaria, 2027 3571 3572
Davenport. See De Witt and Davenport
Davenport (mediums), 3502 3503 3505
Davenport, George, 1613
David, James, 1167
Davidson, D. M., 2169
Davidson, William, 3863
Davis. See French and Davis co.
Davis. See Hallet, Davis and Company
Davis, 2232
Davis, Anne I iza, 1501
Davis, Charles, 869 873 874 1054
Davis George (A) and Company (clothiers), 373
Davis, Harriet A., 2027
Davis, Henry, 982, 1169
Davis, J. A., 3805
Davis, (Sec'y of war), 3666
Davis, John, 3156
Davis, L. L., 1501
Davis, Mary, 3552
Davis, Michael, 449 450
Davis, Samuel (pres. of Princeton College), 1970
Davis, Winter (Md.), 2845
Dawding, Henry, 1150
Dawson, Charles, 1423
Dawson, Patrick, 1570
Day, Mrs. Esther, 2996
Day, Horace (New York), 2660
Day, Samuel, 1820
581

D'ETAT UNIS (newspaper), 824
Desiree, M'lle (actress), 673
DETECTOR (periodical), 2120
INDEX 1856
DETROIT AMERICAN, THE (newspaper), 2534
Detroit, Mich., 110 127 272 400 501 579 1911 2534 2839 3059 3238 3242
2349 3254 3256 3680 3779
Detroit st., 211 508 621 3520 3836 3976
Detroit and Toledo railroad, 2977
DETROIT TRIBUNE {newspaper, 1911
Devine, John, 1036
Devolt, Prosper, 1152
Dewee, Professor, 614
Dewitt. See Kendall and Dewine
Dewitt and Howell (factory), 165 736 782
DIAMOND ATLAS, 1466
DIARY AND CORRESPONDENCE OF THE LATE AMOS LAWRENCE, 61
Dick. See Garrett, Dick and Fitzgerald
DICKENS HOUSEHOLD WORDS (periodical), 3107
Dickey, A. G., 2149
Dickinson, C. S. (dancing master), 478
Dickinson's assembly room, 747 748
Dietz, Comad, 1269 1282
Dillinger, Francis, 3108
Dinpart, Charles, 3944
*Disasters & Accidents, 490 590
Disbro, Rev. W. B., 295
Disciple Church, 244
*Diseases, 591
Disunion Democrats. See Democratic party
Division st., 125 172 522 767
Dix, Captain, 3979
Dix, Edwards and Company (New York city), 2107 2123
Dixon, Thomas, 2170
Dobbins, James (Sec'y of the Navy), 3668
Dob1ey, Jacob (liquor dealer), 9
*Docks & Piers, 592 593
Dockstader, R. and N.. 863
Dr. J. Dupanco's golden female pills, 621
Dr. Keeler's Anadyne Expectorant, 1515
Dr. Lie's vegetable compound, 611 623
Dr. S. Strangs fever destroyer, 603
Dodd, C. C., 3956
Dodge. See Dudley Brothers and Dodge
Dodge, George C., 161
Dodge, Hesekeah (Albany, N. Y.), 3041
Dodge, Ossian E., 1911 1920 1928 2132 2517 2587 2635
Dodgeworth, H. B., 1897
Dodworth's band, 1896 1897 2033 2034 2035
*Dogs, 594 596
Doland, John, 1637
Dolmand, Jane, 2999
583

584
INDEX 1856
Dolman, Jane, 2999
Dolman, John F., 2999
Dolton, F. (N. Brooklyn, 0.), 2511
*Domestic Relations, 597 601
Donaldson, George, 1270
Donant, Mrs. C. C. (author), 80
Donelson, Andrew Jackson, 2277 2279 2281 2287 2302 2830
Donishe, Wi 11 iam, 1002
Donmall, Prof. Charles, 1915
Doranon, Richard, 1137
Dormer, Nicholas, 1379
Dornell, Malmida, 3868
Dorsett, Thomas, 1699
Dorson, Eliza, 999
Double, Abram, 1341
Doubley, Abraham, 1531
"Doughfaces", 2233 2362 2363 2587 2676. See also Democratic party
Douglas (Chatham, Canada), 1440
Douglas county, Kans., 3709 3741
Douglas, Stephen A., 823 2131 2239 2294 2307 2308 2309 2310 23112312 2315
2310 2302 2536 2552 2566 2647 2675 2700 2726 2753 2824 2834 2835 2837
2865 2868 3457 3691 3705 3706 3707 3723 3729 3756 3770 3111 3772 3775
3191
Douglass Rev. D. B. (New York city), 305
Dougleson, John, 3118
Douibe, William, 926
Dover, 0., 2780 2786
Dowland, Jane, 1075
Dowling, Henry, 1853
Dowling, J. S., 1853
Downie, George (stone mason),531
Downie, (J) and Son (wood grainer), 2065 2066 2061 2068 2069 2010 2071
Downing, Jacob, 2169
Downs, William, 1155
Doyle, Francis, 3131
Doyle, John, 971, 3056
Doyle, Martin, 1828 3070 3014
Doyle, Michael, 1141
Doyle, Peter, 1290 1293 3058
Doyle, Thomas, 1665
Drake (poet), 687
DRAMATIC WORKS (book), 59
"Dream, The" (poem), 653
DRED (book), 92 102 113
Dree, William, 3945
Dring. See Thompson and Dring
Driskal, Michael, 1232
Droone, Burket, 3560
Drockley's fish ponds, 2078
*Droughts, 602

INDEX 1856
Euclid, 0., 583 2480 2512 2540 2780 2786 2956 2981
Euclid st., 198 248 273 274 287 296 300 301 303 305 372 380 414 486 3014
3167 3180 3208 3493 3797
Euclid st. Baptist church. See Baptist church
Euc1 id st. Presbyterian church. See Presbyterian church
EVADUE OR THE STATUE (play), 3398
Evans, E. P. (Adams co.), 2516
Evans, john, 1337
Evans, Thomas, 1733
Everett, Edward (Kinsman st.), 770
Everett, Edward, 2358 3659
EVERGREEN CITY (ship), 3234
Exchange building, 174
EXPEDITION TO CHINA SEAS AND JAPAN (book), 61
EXTREMES (play), 3613 3614 3617
*Excursions & Picnics, 694-696
*Exploration, 697
*Exports. See Foreign Trade
*Express & Expressmen, 698-703
Fagarty, William, 1046
Faharty, Patrick, 1711
FAINT HEART NEVER WON FAIR LADY, (play), 3608 3610
Fairbanks, Emi ly, 980
*Fairs & Expositions, 704-735
FAIRY OF THE ROSES, THE (play), 3634
FALL SCENE (painting), 13
Fallon, Christopher, 3101
Falstaff saloon, 3115
Famil, Ellen, 986 1608
Famil, Richard, 987 1608 1639
FAMILY CHRISTIAN (almanac), 2129
Fanel, William, 1582
Faril, Ellen, 1153
Fai1ey, E. K. (Marion county, 0.), 3802
Farley, james, 981
Farley. joseph, 2133
*Farm Implements, 736-738
*Farm Products, 739-740
*Farms & Farming, 741
Farnan, Walter (foundry proprietor), 125
Farren, William, 963
Farrell, Michael, 1571
Farrell, William, 1800
Farresey, james, 1836
Farst, j. P.. 1161
FASHION OF NEW YORK ARISTOCRACY (play), 3611
FAST AND SLOW (play), 3579 3580
Fassbender, Rev. Mr., 244
Fay, Asa, 1057 1059
Fay, Augustus, 429 1715 1856 3141 3882 3921
587

INDEX 1856
Fitch, Dr. Calvin M. (New York city), 1510
Fitch, E. M., 2015 2016
Fitch, Jabez W., 719
Fitch, William, 1559
Fitch, Zalmon, 2139 2937
Fitzgerald, See Garrett, Dick and Fitzgerald
Fitzgerald, Garrett, 1671
Fitz Henry, Charles, 906
Fitzpatrick, Edward, 1843
Fitzpatrick, George, 3945
Fitzsimmons, Peter, 1371
FIVE HUNDRED MISTAKES CORRECTED (book), 61
Flanagan, William, 1057
Flanegan, Patrick, 3060
Fleshman, R., 1626
Flidium, Charles (barber), 37
Flinn, John, 1123
Flint, E. S., 794
Flint, Mich., 3044
Florence (actor), 3626 3627
Florence, Mrs. (actress), 3626 3627
Florence, Pa., 1500
Flondo, 2704-1/2 2745 3697
*Flour, 809-813
Flushing, N. J., 2796
Fogg, W. P., 3028
Foljambe, Samuel, 3966
Follett, Edward, 1306
Follett, Marindia, 735
Follett, Wi 11iam, 1307
Folsom, E. G., 642
Folsom's commercial college, 638 641 642 644 645
Folsom's livery stable (Detroit st.), 3836
*Food Adul teration & Inspection, 814
$Food & Drink, 815
Fooley Pat, 1036
Foot, 823
Foot, J. A., 2937
Foot, John A., 418 2793 3763 3969
Foote, Judge, 449 450
Foote, Senator (Miss.), 2417
Foote, Horace, 26
Forbes, Henry, 1252
Forbes, James, 3826
Forbuck mowing machine, 736
Forcheimer, Major, 840
Ford, Lieut. Gov. (Ohio), 2707 2802
"Ford, T. C., 881
*Foreign Population, 816-822
*Foreign Relations, 823-824
Forest city Bank, 3751
589

590
INDEX 1856
Forest City Iron Works, 415
Forest city lyceum, 1435 1439 ]442 1443 1444 1445 1446 1448 1449 1451 1454
Forest st., 3542
Forman, Barbara, 255
Forsyth, joseph, 1362
Fort Wayne, Ind., 2393 2989 2992
Foster, Eliza, 1766 1784
Foster, Leander, 190
Foster, Wi 11 iam, 1264
Foult, Rev. B., 244
FOUR L9VERS (play), 680
Fourier. Francis Charles. 1951
Fowler, L. C., 1708
Fox, W. A., 371
Fraley, joseph, 3063
Frampton, Charles, 3818
France, 691 693 1432 2467 2908
Francisco Bros. (entertainers), 327
FRANK LESLIE'S ILLUSTRATED NEWSPAPER (periodical), 2106 2121
Frankfort st., 239 793
Franklin, Benjamin, 2000 2203 2789 2903 2904 2905
Franklin county, 0., 7 2003
Frankl in, james, 1168
Franklin. john B., 475
Frankl in, M., 2785
Franklin Mills, 0., 2483 3196
Franklin, Morris I. (optician), 2007 2008 2011
Franklin place, 2428
Frankl in st., 3060
Franz, josef Emperor of Austria, 3744
*Fraternal & Benevolent Organizations, 2014-2031
*Frauds, 825-827
Frazee, John (jailor), 2095 2096
Frazier, Edward, 1188
FRED GRAHAM (book), 67
Free and Accepted order of Masons, 2030
Free Soil party, 2371
FREE STATE (ship), 520
Freeman. See Thomas and Freeman's planing mill
Freeman, Charles, 3862
Freeman, George, 2355
Freeman, james, 3877
Freeman, William, 1394
Freeze. Andrew (supt. of public schools), 1240 2084 3198 3200 3203 3206
Fremont ball, 1924 3506
Fremont, jobn C., 315 369 725 1444 1445 1974 2003 2178 2182 2190 2208
2211 2216 2220 2230 2232 2233 2234 2235 2237 2244 2256 2260 2282 2284
2285 2286 2287 2289 2290 2291 2294 2295 2304 2305 2320 2329 2339 2340
2347 2348 2349 2350 2351 2352 2353 2355 2357 2359 2362 2364 2366 2367
2368 2369 2370 2371 2372 2373 23',4 2375 2376 2377 2381 2383 2391 2393

INDEX 1856
German glee club, 1926
German Methodist church. See Methodist church
Germany, 824
Getter, Frederick, 3136 3144
Gibbel, Peter, 1110
Gibbons, Bridget, 1725
Gibbons, Camp, 474
Gibbons, Peter, 1725
Gibbs, Franklin, 386P
Gibbs, Michael, 984
Gibbs, Isaac. 2745 2750
Gibson, 2782
Gibson, Mathew, 1120
Gibson, Thomas, 1214
Giddings, Joshua, R., 1947 2303 2489 2589 2639 2823 2848
Gibert, G. H. (actor), 3619 3621
Gilbert, Mrs. G. H. (actress), 3605 3606 3609 3610 3611 3619 3621 3622
Gill, Avon, 1075
Gillen, Edward, 943
Gillen, John, 942
Gi lIon, Edward, 981
Gilman, Samuel (Sullivan county, 0.), 3043
Gi lmartin, P, 771 3006
Girard, 0., 2956 2962 2988 2991 2993
Givens, Peter, 3078
Glaser, H. W., 1465
G1asgie, Charles, 1261
Glasgie, John, 1261
Glass, William, 894
GLEANINGS - SOME WHEAT, SOME CHAFF (book), 73 74
GJeason, Daniel, 1268 2372
Gleason, Patrick, 1620
Glenn, Gen Alex E., 2741
Goddard (Zanesville, 0.), 2192
Goddard, Miss A. A. (author), 73
GODEY'S LADIES' BOOK (periodical), 2113
GOLDEN DRAGON, OR UP AND DOWN THE IRRAWADDI. THE (book), 99
GOLDEN LEGEND OF AMERICA (entertainment), 687
Goodale and Company, 3998
Gordon, 524
Gordon, Henry, 1826
Gordon, W. C., 899
Gordon, W. H., 277
Gore, Canada, 2136
Gorham and Aplin, 522
Gorham, J. H., 2750
Gorham, J. M., 2048
Gorman, Catherine, 963
Gorwin, Robert, 3745
Gould's (Mrs.) school, 3167
593

Grossi, A. (actor), 665
Grow, 2889
Grummit, John, 1378
Gugler, Cristopher, 3162
INDEX 1856
Guilford, L. F. (school pincipal), 3191
Gull, William, 1550
Gurty, A., 2048
Guyles, W. B., 2750
Hackett, James, 1303 1305 1841
Hadden, M i 5S (ac tress), 3586
Haggart, Edward, 1795
Halay, J., 1292
Halden, Jacob, 1814
Hale, Mrs., 298
Hale, John, 2171
Hale, John Parker (N. H.), 2300 2828 3669
Haley, John, 1306 1389
Hall (Ia.), 2230 2232
Hall, Charles, 940
Hall, Ed wardd , 1044
Hall, J. (pharmacist), 70
Hall, L. V. (editor), 54
Hall, Mary (Mrs.), 735
Hall, Robert, 1970
Hall, W. P., 3109
Hall, William, 1195
Hall, William R., 1428
Hallett, Benjamin T. (Mass.), 2322 2338 2647 3464
Hallett, Davis and Company (piano mfgrs.), 1932
Halligan, James, 973 985
Halligan, Jasper, 3094
Halliwell, Dr. B. A. (surgeon-dentist), 483 484 488
Hallowell, Alex B., 3045
Halls, A. S., 2510
Halsburger, John, 1411
Halstead, J. D. (Va.). 2231
Hami Hon county, 0., 444 2192 2516 2710
Hamilton, 0., 2192 2630 2820
Hamilton, Ontario, 1249
Hamilton st., 781
HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK (play), 687 3647
Hamlin, E, S., 2749
Haml in, Hannibal (Me.), 2233 2327
Hammel, Jacob, 3936
Hammer, Jacob, 1204
Hammond. See Gaylord and Hammond
Hammond, Charles, 1536
Hammond, James, 998
Hammond, John B., 452 1294
Hammondsvi lIe, Pa., 2985 2995
595

596-
Hampton, H., 417
Hemrich, Frederick, 191
Hanady, Patrick (drayman), 702
Hanan, Cornelius, 1291
Hanrahan, Edward, 918
Hancock county, 0., 2516
Hanelley, Joseph, 2133
Hango, Thomas, 1213
INDEX 1856
Hanna, Garretson and Company, 397
Hanover, 0., 2985 2995
Hanover st., 310
Hansaid, John, 1537
Harden, Frank, 3851
Hardley, Thomas, 1090
Hards. See also Democratic party, 2314 2371 2408
Hardy, Jeremiah, 3860
Harkins, John, 1097
Harkinson, Will iam H., 192
Harl ingan, James, 1800
Harlow, A. (Chagrin Falls, 0.), 3762
Harly, John, 1071
Harmon st., 3539
HARMONY OF AGES, THE (book), 115
Harney, T., 3028
Harper Brothers (publ ishers), 81 111
HARPER'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY (book), 61
HARPER'S MONTHLY (magazine), 42
Harrigan, Charles, 1178
Harrington, Allan, 126 1551
Harrington, Benjamin, 2884
Harrington, E. P., 577
Harrington, Edward, 1253
Harris, Mrs. B. C., 2934
Harris, J. A. (editor of Cleveland HERALD), 1968 1969 2905
Harris, Josiah, A., 2745 2750
Harrison. See Pyne and Harrison
Harrison (Hami lton, 0.), 2433 2820 2823
Harrison, John, 1215
Hart, H., 1128
Hart, J., 1435
Hart, Margaret, 1312
Hart, Wi 11 iam, 2750
Hartford, Conn., 253 779
Hartman, Dr., 2464
Hartshorn, Thomas C., 3018 3019
Harvard college, 2863 3773
Harvey, Charles, 896
Harvey, Thomas, 3518
Haselbrant, Henry 1152
Hasson, Thomas, 1064
Haswell, Charles H. (author), 79

602
INDEX 1856
*Insanity. See Mental Diseases
International Order of Good Templars, 2019
International Order of Odd Fellows, 2015 2016 2023
*Intoxication, 902 1237
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF ART (book) 73, 74
Iowa, 2207 2220 2229 2230 2232 2236 2237 2238 2244 2255 2316 2427
2679 2886 3802 3803 3979
Iowa river, 3976
Ireland, 3088
Ireland, John, 1281
Ireland. Richard, 1272
Irish, John W., 425 426 427
IRON CITY (ship), 3232
*Iron & Steel, 1238
Irving, Miss (actress), 3591 3592
Irwin, George, 1282 1425
Isaacs, Isaac A. (clothiers), 377 379 728 849
ITALIAN BRIGANDS (tableaux) 668 672
Ivanhoe boat club, 39, 40, 710
Ivison (merchant), 627

INDEX 1856
Kansas, 313 369 396 1859 1860 1944 1972 1990 2127 2184 2192 2226 2245
2289 2293 2301 2304 2316 2321 2322 2333 2334 2336 2337 2342 2346 2362
2369 2378 2385 2386 2421 2424 2437 2462 2466 2467 2469 2474 2487 2498
2509 2520 2531 2535 2551 2555 2558 2592 2599 2607 2613 2614 2620 2623
2691 2693 2717 2724 2740 2743 2744 2750 2758 2775 2816 2817 2827 2833
2834 2835 2837 2838 2840 2848 2854 2862 2870 2878 2881 2886 2890 2891
3662 3672 3673 3674 3680 3681 3683 3684 3686 3687 3688 3689 3690 3691
3692 3693 3694 3695 3696 3697 3698 3699 3700 3701 3702 3703 3704 3705
3706 3707 3708 3710 3711 3714 3715 3716 3717 3719 3722 3723 3724 3725
3726 3727 3729 3730 3731 3732 3733 3734 3735 3736 3737 3738 3739 3740
3744 3746 3748 3751 3752 3753 3754 3755 3756 3757 3758 3759 3760 3761
3762 3763 3764 3765 3767 3770 3771 3772 3773 3774 3777 3778 3779 3780
3781 3782 3783 3785 3786 3788 3789 3790 3792 3793 3794 3796 3797 3798
3800 3801 3803 3804 3805 3806 3807 3808 3809 3811 3812 3814 3815 3977
3979
KANSAS AND ITS HISTORY (book), 110
Kansas aid societies, 3766
Kansas border ruffians, 2226 3782
Kansas city, Kan., 2838 3722
Kansas city, Mo., 3765
Kansas City ENTERPRISE (newspaper), 2838
Kansas Emigrant Aid society. See also Kansas Immigration society, 3720
3721 3726
Kansas HERALD OF FREEDOM (newspaper), 3732 3662 3765
Kansas Immigration society. See also Kansas Emigrant aid society, 3776
Kansas - Nebraska bill, 2281 2315 2345 2346 2675 2712 2751 2821 2835 3684
3705 3706 3708 3745 3755 3775 3783
Kansas river, 3660
Kansas TRIBUNE (newspaper), 1944 3737 3765
Kanulla, Thomas, 1116
Karb, John, 1828
Karfes, Jacob, 1541
Kayner, Dr. D. P. (dentist), 482
Kean, Thomas, 1435 1451
Keating, Tom, 252 2323 2422 2857 2867
Keaton, Michael, 1815
Keed, Thomas, 1636
Keeler, 3760
Keeler, C. J., 1515
Keeler, Joel F., 340 1462 2750
Keeler, John, 1577
Keeler, William. 1668
Keep, Rev. John (Oberlin, 0.), 3763 3985
Kei tho See Palmer and Kei th
Keith (lawyer), 473
Keith, M. R. t 2407
Keith, L. M., 2616 2636 2873
Keller, Jacob, 1816
Keller, Jacob H., 1433
Keller, John, 1753
Kelley, 1522
605

606
Kelley, Judge, 2746
Kelley, Alfred, 2935
Kelley, Ann, 1637
Xelley, Daniel, 1679·
INDEX 1856
Kelley, Irad, 2281 2917 2919 2920 2921 2923 2924 2925 2926 2928 3567
Kelley, Mary, 3905 .
Kelley, Michael, 1790
Kelley, Pat, 1218
Kelley, Peter, 1222
Kelley, T. M., 2959
Kelley, Thomas. 2746
Kelley, William, 1674
Kelly, 559
Kelly, Horace, 2015
Kendall and Dewit (drygoods store), 2141 3028
Kendall, Jenny (singer), 3597 3632
Kendall, Lizzie (singer), 3597 3632
Kennedy, Thomas, 1302
Kenney, Andrew, 1115
Kenny, (N. H.), 214
Kenosha county (Wis.), 2673
KENOSHA (ship), 3243
Kcntuc.y, 1856 1857 1858 1859 2242 2262 2267 229123092314 2416 2521
2584 2715 2794 2831 3423 3453 3465 3477 3481
Kentucky st., 2659 3929
Kenyon college, 385
Kenyon, Daniel, 1161
Kessler, Henry, 773
Ketchum mowing machine, 736 737
Keyser, Melcher, 3148
Kickapoo (Kan.) PIONEER (newspaper), 3685
Kickapoo, Kan., 3682 3685
Kidny, Geo. H. (carpenter shop), 780
Ki lljoy, John, 1360 1396
Kimball, 3522
Kimball, Frank, 2192
Kimberly, Fanny, 685 686 687
Kimberly, Frederick, 1558
Kimball, John, 1642
Kincade, John, 496
King, 184
King, James, 186
King, James, 399 1745
King, Peter, 1052 1142
KING, QUEEN AND KNAVES (play), 3618
Kingsley, Charles, 57
Kingsley, Edward (druggist), 606 621
Kingsley, H. C., 2937
Kingsville, 0., 568 989 2956
Kinney, Lester B., 2431
Kinney, Michael, 946

INDEX 1856
Kinney, Captain W., 3974
Kinney's tailor shop, 184
Kinsman st., 538 551 770 1078 1492 3543
Kinzee, Mrs. J. H. (author), 64
Kirby, Samuel (New Nork city), 1499
Kirkpatrick, Mrs., 3561
Kirkpatrick, J. (councilman), 345
Kirkpatrick, John, 2170 2174 2176 2394 2745
Kirtland, Dr. (Rockport, 0.), 2497
Kirtland, F. T. (Sheboygan), 3234
Kirtland, Prof. Jared P., 828
Kissane (filibuster), 407
Kitchell Rev. (Detroit, Mich.), 272
Kittredge, F., 2048
K1 ippart, Jobn H., 6, 7
KNICKERBOCKER (magazine), 2108
Knight, Rev. (missionary), 313
Knight, Charles (author), 64
Knight, Rev. H. B., 306
Knight, Otis A., 2004 2938
Knights Temp1ars, 2020 2021 2022 2024 2025 2026 2028 2029 2031
Know-Nothing party, 252 1977 1978 2176 2189 2204 2274 2275 2277 2283 2290
2297 2302 2371 2790 2820 2830 2842 2825 2874. See also Silver Grays
Know land, James, 1009 1647 1807
Know1and, John, 1758
Know land, Lawrence, 1682
Knowland, Patrick, 1384
KNOWLEDGE AS A POWER (book), 64
Knowles, Sheridan (playwright), 653
Knowlton (Me.), 2842
Knox, George, 1368
Koch, Charles, G., 798
Kontz, John, 1585
Kortz, John (Niagara village, N. Y.), 1934
Kozler, Christopher, 3133
Krause, Dr., 617
Krause, Phillip, 1119
Krenbe1, 2176
Kritzer, Adam, 3161
Krum, Ann, 1655
Krummacher, F. A. (author), 64
Kuttears, Martin, 3108
Labodey, Thomas, 1265 1267
*Labor, 1248-1249
Lacy, Pat, 3064
LADIES ALMANAC (periodical), 2126
Ladies' Home Missionary society, 297 298 299 308 309
Ladies' Kansas Aid society; 3749
"Lady of the Lake" (poem), 651
LADY OF LYONS (play), 653 3594
607

608
INDEX 1856
Lafayette county, Wis., 2673
Lafayette, Ill., 2992
LA FETE CHAMPETRE (pantomime), 670 679
Laffrinier and Stevenson, 2941
Laham, Timothy, 1762
Lake county, 0., 2425
LAKE NGAMI, OR EXPLORA nONS AND DISCOVERIES DURING FOUR YEARS
WANDERING IN SOUTH WESTERN AFRICA (book), 111
Lake Shore railroad, 549 558 559 565 566 567 783 2967
Lake st., 342 343 594 1088
Lake Superior Steamboat and Propel lor line, 3230 3233
Lamartine, Anabel, 203 450
Lamder, Moses, 997
Lamonton, A., 1332
Lancaster, Canada, 2136
Lancaster, Pa., 2577
Lane, Henry S. (Ind.), 2226
Lane, Gen. James Henry, 2335 2513 2758 2837 3708 3745 3791 3793 3799
Lane, John, 1133
Langston, J. M. (Oberlin, 0.), 1437 1438
Lanterman, Mrs., 725
Lantry, Joseph, 3077
Lang, E. D. (pub1isber), 85
Lapointe, 111., 3233
*Larcenies, 1250-1430
Lashbrook, Charles, 1574
LA SOMNAMBULA (opera), 658
LAST DAYS OF POMPEII (THE) (play), 3643 3645 3650
Latimer, C. L., 2798
*Latin America, 1431-1433
Latkins, Mary, 1019
Lattimer, Charles, 1816
Laughlin, H., 417
Laundo1f, George, 1661
La Vake, Scott, 1685
Law, Edward, 1163
Law, George (steamship line proprietor), 2272 2273
Lawer, Mary, 2911
Lawrence, Clark, 187 189 2097 2153
Lawley, James, 840
Lawrence, A. G., 2407
Lawrence, James, 2169
Lawrence, l{an., 326 1942 3673 3674 3676 3680 3704 3709 3710 3711 3712
3713 3722 3724 3725 3737 3738 3741 3755 3756 3782 3783 3791 3793
Lawrence, M. D. (Detroit, Mich.), 110
*Laws & Legislation, 1434
Lawson (merchant tailor), 848
"Lay of the Madman, The" (poem), 653
Leach, DeWitt C. (Mich.), 2672 2680
Leader building, 41 42 2906

INDEX 1856
LONDON ILLUSTRATED NEWS (periodical), 2113
London TIMES (newspaper), 3252
Long, Prof. (teacher), 3191
Long Point, 0., 3261
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth (poet), 121 686 687 3225
Loomis, Andrew, 548
Lopan, Andrew, 1601
Lorain county, 0., 1512 2446 2516 2532
Lorain st., 349 1548 2659
Lord, Dr. (Buffalo, N. Y.), 325
LORD OF CREATION, A (book), 104
LORD AND THE MARKET WOMAN, THE (play), 3581
Losset, Fredrick, 3138
*LoUeries. See Gambl ing & Lotteries
Louis IV, king of France, 81
Louis Napoleon, 410 691 693 824 1432 1454
Louisiana, 369 2228 2302 2459 3557 3723
Louisiana purchase, 3471
Louisvi lIe COURIER (newspaper), 3481
Louisville JOURNAL (newspaper), 1858 2715
Louisville, Ky., 1858 1997 2715 3458 3481 3783
Louisvi He TIMES (newspaper), 3783
LOVE AT FIRST SIGHT (story). 51 1966
LOVE IN HUMBLE LIFE (play), 677
Lovejoy, Rev. Owen, 3694
Lovely, Amelia, 3858
Low. See also Lower, Henry, 508
Lowe, William, 1198
Lower, Henry. See also Low
Lublin, John, 1586
Luca family (entertainers), 723 1901 1902 1903 1935
Lucas, James, 1004
Lucas, William, 3833
LUCRETIA BORGIA OR THE POISONER (play), 659 3599 3606 3638
Lunn, Reverend, 258
Lusk, J. W. (college instructor), 633
Lusk. See Bryant, Lusk and Strattons mercantile college
Lutheran church, 244 293
Lutliff, Ebenezer, 1078
Lyman, 3710
Lyman, John (manufacturer of tobacco products), 1459
Lyman, Maria, 1637
Lynch, A. H., 1645
Lynch, David, 1582
Lynch, John (peddler), 2081
Lyon, Elizabeth, 3875
Lyon, Thomas, 1319
Lyon, William, 3135
611

612
INDEX 1856
McArthur. See Hoyl, McArthur and Company
McArthur (jail keeper), 2089
McArthur, Archibald, 2172
McArty, John, 1083
Macauley, Thomas Babington, 61 2865
Macaully, William, 1202
McBride, Henry H., 1777
McBride, James, 1535
McBride, John, 1747
McCain, Francis, 3072
McCain, Patrick, 1664
McCan, William, 1096
MacCanley, William, 3085
McCannis, James, 1096
McCardel, John, 1391
McCarb, Patrick, 3558
McCarty, James, 1282
McCarty, John, 1075 1416
McCarty, William, 3067
McCawn, Henry, 1234
McClure, Arthur, 971 1035 1164 1559 1575
McColly, William, 1574
McConaly, John, 1057
McConner, James, 1057
McCormick, John, 1029
McCoy, Fred, 3041. See also Brewster, Isaac
McCrea, Cole, 2816 3680
McCulby, Sarah, 3891
McCullony, Daniel, 1419
McCull ough, J. N., 2937
McCune, R., 304
McDermick, Christopher, 1250
McDermont, Christopher, 1256
McDonald, Hugh, 1283
McDonald, James, 1257
McDonald, May, 1340
McDowell, Dr. Ephraim, 614
Macedonia, 0., 2985 2995
McElancy, Henry, 1043
McEldowney, Rev. John, 303
McEleony, Henry, 1062
McElroy, John, 601
McFarland, G. (N. Brooklyn, 0.), 2012 2511 2787
McGarey, Barney, 3867
McGary, Barnard, 1801
McGavery, Mrs., 1059
McGee, James, 1062 1145
McGee, John, 1081 1099 1102
McGehee, George, 1074
McGibbon, Owen, 1100
McGill, Rev. J., 244

McGinaugh, Thomas, 1067
McGinnis, Rosannah. 3132
McGinnis, Thomas, 3164
INDEX 1856
McGlue, Arthur, 1026 1122 1623 1784 1821
McGluer, Arthur, 1048 1149
McGodrick, John, 3073
McGowan, Hester, 1289
McGrail, Ann, 1297
McGrath, B., 3974
McGreary, Thomas, 782
McGregg, Jane, 3880
McGue, 513 514
McGuire, 566-1/2
McGuire, Charles, 1131
McGuire, Dominick, 1298
McGuire, James, 1177
McGuire, John, 978
McGuire, William, 1075 1145
McHammon, Catherine, 1695
Machan, Peter, 3125
McHarland, Michael, 1194
McHary, Charles K. (author)
McHener, James, 1079
McHenry, Mary, 1340
*Machinery, 1457-1458
McHo11 and, Richard, 1196
McIlrath, A. C., 2771
McIntosh, Carwin, 1096
McIntosh, Gregory, 1254
Mc'Intosh,' J. B., 1854
McIntosh, Peter, 1081
McIntosh, William, 1530 1668 1676
Mack, John, 3846
Mack, Mary Ann, 1650
McKana, John, 1386
McKay, Elizabeth, 3875
McKean, John, 1619
Mcl{ean, Neil, 996
McKeever, Neil, 1666
McKennor, Pat, 1598
Mackenzie, John, 550
McKinnis, Bridget, 1659
McKinnis, Thomas, 1025
McKinsey, Alonzo, 1059
McKinstry, Thomas, 2169
McLain, 2177
McLain, Wi lliam, 389S
McLary, James, 931
MacLay, Dr., 3017
McLeon, John, 1311
McLyle, James (Kan.). 2816
613

614
McMabon, A., 1036
McMahan. Michael, 151
McMalley, Pat, 10
McMasters, J., 2750
McMi Ilan, Robert, 1680
McMines, 492
McMitchell, Mary, 1108
McMyre, John, 1333
McNeil, Duncan, 3149
McNeil, Mary Ann, 905 3837
INDEX 1856
Macready, Mrs. (actress), 650 651 652 653 3170
McShay, Francis, 1765
Madda John, 1674
Madden, Mary, 1400
Madigan and Company (circus), 329
Madison, James, 2326 2789
Madison, 0., 2988
Mager, James (book binder)
Maggs, James, 1165
MAGIC PILLS (pantomime), 679
MAGIC TRUMPET, THE (pantomime)
Magno 1 ia House, 3500
Mahan, Catherine, 3011
Mahan, Charles, 3107
Mahn, Thomas, 1286
Maher, Patrick, 153
Maher, Patrick, 3146
Mahon, James, 1815
Mahon, John, 199 1406
Mahoning county, 0., 2206 2516 2951
Mahoning, 0., 3986
Mahonny, John, 1808
MAID WITH THE MILKING PAIL. THE (play), 3598 3599 3602
*Mail. See Post Office
Maine, 481 1450 1987 2201 2207 2220 2223 2228 2233 2235 2236 2237 2238
2239 2244 2245 2255 2327 2431 2481 2492 2498 2500 2502 2604 2666 2687
2731 2740 2842 2921 3802
Maine liquor law, 2261 2921
Majo, Eliza, 12
Mallen, John, 3100
Malone, Michael, 983
Maltby, B. J., 403
Manahan, Felix, 1234
MANHATTAN (ship), 540 3250
MANIAC LOVER, THE (play), 3601
Mann, Alice (actress), 3593 3595 3601 3602 3603 3604 3607 3608 3609 3610
Mann, Horace, 634
Mann, 3263
Mann, Mrs Eliza, 2137 3586 3605 3607 3608
Manny's mowing machine, 736
Mansfield, 0., 2780

INDEX 1856
Myers, Lieut. Gov. James, 2409 2413 2536
Myers, Leis, 1205
Myers, Platt, 999
Myers, Sar.ah, 1066
Myers, UhI and Company (marble works), 726
Mygatt, George, 2150
Myrock, Thomas, 2170
621

INDEX 1856--..j
NEW YORK JOURNAL OF COMMERCE (newspaper), 2639
NEW YORK LEDGER (newspaper), 1991
NEW YORK OBSERVER (newspaper), 1951
New York, 158 407 2136 2272 2315 2341 2396 2500 2501 2567 2666 2677
2731 2734 2757 21'96 2853 3464 3564 3802
NEW YORK TIMES (newspaper), 2828
NEW YORK TRIBUNE (newspaper), 87 901 1863 1982 2297 2310 2347 2740 2744
3232 3706
Newburgh, 0., 308 319 681 1524 1525 2780 2786 2985 2986 2991 2995 3198
Newburgh rd., 2078 2779
Newell, Charles, 3945
Newell, Virginia. 3828
Newmyre, Frederick, 1738
Newport, Ky., 1952 1997 2291
NEWPORT AND COVINGTON NEWS (newspaper), 1858 1952 1997 1998 2?91
NEWS (newspaper), 406
Newson. See Winsor and Newson
*Newspapers, 1938-2003
Newton Falls, 0.. 2991
Niagara Falls, N. Y., 158 629
Niagara village, N. Y., 1934
Nicaragua, 314 407 2289 2607
Nichols, 2758
Nichols, Colonel, 3755
Nichols, Frederick, 838
Nicholson, Rev. Mr., 2311
Nichalson, John, 1085
Nickerson, William, 1707 3081
Niles, 0., 2991
Noble, Charles W., 2793
Noble, R. D., 2722
Noble, R. J., 2750
Nolon, Patrick, 1722
Noland, Lowrine, 1612
Norris, G. G. (Chagrin Falls, 0.), 613
North, (sections). 55 2001 2213 2224 2225 2275 2277 2290 2324 2360 2371
2392 2410 2416 2420 2426 2431 2459 2469 2482 2491 2493 2502 2520 2529
2531 2567 2586 2587 2603 2605 2618 2626 2627 2628 2646 2674 2682 2685
2687 2688 2703 2704-1/2 2712 2715 2736 2756 2762 2809 2822 2827 2844
2845 2850 2851 2873 2893 3216 3219 3220 3222 3471 3472 3478 3484 3486
3555 3687 3691 3715 3739 3740 3751 3772 3779 3783 3790
North Brooklyn, 0., 2012 2511 2525 2545 2631
North Caro 1 ina, 369 2584 2605 3445
North Pepin, Miss., 396
NORTH STAR (ship), 39 696 3244 3246 3257 3260
NORTH AND THE SOUTH, THE (book), 117
North, Walter, C. (daguerrean artist), 215 2139 2142 2145 2146
Northern Ohio Lunatic asylum, 1524
Northrop, A. B., 2745
Northrop, Lyman, 1534
623

INDEX 1856
Ohio canal, 472 531 516 542 646 1159 3031
Ohio City bank, 35
Ohio Editorial association, 2000
OHIO FARMER (newspaper), 714
Ohio Female college, 387
Ohio Female Medical Educational society, 3983
Ohio Marble co., 800
Ohio and Pennsylvania railroad, 574 575 2944
Ohio Pomo1ogica1 society, 828
Ohio river, 1478
Ohio state board of agriculture, 4 6 7 730
Ohio state board of public works, 149 152
Ohio state constitution, 2750 3556
Ohio State Fair, 379 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 718
720 721 722 723 724 725 726 729 730 734 738 849 893 2065 2066 2067
2068 2069 2071
OHIO STATE JOURNAL (newspaper), 776 2001
Ohio state legislature, 1434 1524 1870 1953 2101 2489 2806 3193
Ohio state penitentiary, 446 2100
Ohio state reform scbool, 2101
Ohio state senate, 2802 3341
Ohio state supreme court, 2160
Ohio state teachers association, 3195
Ohio state temperance alliance, 3573
Ohio st., 792 2486
Ohio Wesleyan university, 295
OLD CORNER CuPBOARD OR EARLY DAY LIFE OF EVERY DAY PEOPLE, THE
(book), 64 69
OLD HEADS AND YOUNG HEARTS (play), 3615 3616
Oldfield, William, 2209
O'Leary, John, 876 1279 1312
Olmstead, Mr. (news stand keeper), 1985
Olmstead, 0., 2780 2786
Omalee, Edward, 3393
Omalee, Patrick, 3093
Omel ia, Margaret, 1740
O'Molice, Patrick, 1013
O'Neal, C., 1036
O'Neill, Patrick, 3912
Ontario st., 161 163 166 169 185 210 342 343 370 483 488 557 606 621 726
815 1439 1442 1446 1449 1454 1460 1527 1544 2019 2020 2021 2022 2024
2025 2026 2028 2029 2031 2915 2919 2923 2925 2926 2928 2933 3080
Ontario street market, 1491
ONTONAGON (ship), 578
*Opticians & Optometrists, 2007-2011
Orange, 0., 2779 2780
Orange st., 1254 2539
Oranke, Michael, 1800
Oregon, 901 2378 4091
Oregon st., 2659
625

626
O'Reilly, Thomas, 1126
·Organizations, 2012-2060
Orien, 1991
Ormand, Samuel, 1287
Ormich, Charles, 1005
INDEX 1856
Orphan asylums. See Catholic orphan asylum; Cleveland orphan asylum
·Orphanages, 3973-3975
Orr, 2821
Orsmer, Aaron, 1172
Osawatomie, (Kan.), 3812
Osborne, Charles, 570
Osborne, James, 781
Osgodby (Rochester N. Y.), 509
Ossoli, Margaret (adhor), 61
Ostend Monyeste. 2333
Ostrander, Smith, 1107
Oswego, N. Y., 587
OUR WORLD (book), 116
Oustrous, Abraham, 1828
OUTLAW THE (play), 3589
Outwa i t, Rose, and Brothers, 163 166 169
OVER ONE THOUSAND MISTAKES CORRECTED. LIVE AND LEARN (books), 90
Oviott (teacher), 3203 3216
Oviatt, O. M. (councilman), 345 347 2174 2176
Oviatt's Exchange, 3003 3230
Owen, Robert, 1951

INDEX 1856
Pacific railroad, 2316 2333 2978
Packard, John, 2750
*Packing Industry, 2061-2064
Paddock, Captain Thomas S. (councilman), 233 345 347 2044 2745 2750
Page, Rev.' S. B., 244
Paine, 2999
Paine, B. (Painesvi lle, 0.), 3502 3503
Paine, James, 769
Paine, John (Painesville, 0.), 3504
Paine, Robert F., 2460 2582
Painesville, 0., 342 736 737 1962 1967 1973 2305 2425 2988 2993 3502 3503
3504 3505
Painesville TELEGRAPH (newspaper), 1962 ]967 1973
Painter, 490
·Painting & Paperhanging, 2065-2072
Palmer. See Hutchinson and Palmer
Palmer, Charles W. (city council president), 345 347 2169 2171 2174 2176
2572 2631 2745 2750 2766 2779 2793 3014 3171
Palmer, Christian, ]229
Palmer, D. S. (actor), 3605 3606 3607 3608 3610 3611 3620 3621 3623 3624
Palmer, Mrs. D. S. (actress), 665 3608 3610 3611 3620
Palmer, Dwight, 137
Palmer, E. W., 1633
Palmer, E. W. (druggist), 622
Palmer, John, 1228
Palmer and Keith (cigar store), 3658
Palmer and Sackrider (druggists), 603 611 623
Palmer, Stephan, 3545
Palmer, W. W., 618
Palmer, William, 2792
Palkot, Robert, 1403
Pamblin, John, 847
PANORAMA OF JERUSALEM AND VICINITY (panorama), 2074 2075
*Panoramas, 2073-2075
Paramour, J. W., 502
Parcel, John, 1546
Pardee, Eugene (Wayne county, 0.), 2516
Pardee, S. Judd (medium), 3506
Paris, France, 692 824
Parish, William, 967
Park Row, 2009 3980
Parker, H., 2752
Parker, Hiram (author), 115
Parker, Jason, 391
Parker, Nathan H. (author), 106
Parkin, John, 1458
Parkman, Francis (author), 72
·Parks & Playgrounds, 2076-2078
Parks, Robert, 2169
PARLOR CASKET (magazine), 87
627

630
Pierce's Ethiopian minstrels, 688
Pierson, John, 1760
Pierson, William, 1803
Pike, William, 1412
INDEX 1856
Pinkerton. See Cowels, Pinkerton and company
Pinkerton, Frank (printer), 2907
Pinkerton, Maria, 3900
Pinney, Rev. Alfred, 244 247
Pittsburgh, Pa., 1522 2154 2289 2481 2608 2669 2722 2724 2753 2985 2995
3949
Pittsburgh st., 160 170 291 331 792 504 1492
Pius IX, Pope, 1432 3744
PIZARRO (play), 3650
PLANET (ship), 3239 3242 3244
PLATT ARGUA, Mo. (newspaper), 3783
Platt, Leonard, 1376
*Plays. See Theaters
PLEASANT NEIGHBORS (play), 671 672 674
Please, E. (music teacher), 1919
Plough, John P., 2797
Plumb, Mrs. R., 3985
Plummer, Rev. Wi lliam S. (Richmond, Va.), 3436
Plymouth church. See also Congregational church, 244 262 263 264 2R5 267
268 269 270 271 272 273 274
PLYMOUTH ROCK (ship), 3256
PODI]AH PEASLEY (play), 3637
Poe, Edgar Allen (poet), 651 653 1442
POETICAL WORKS (book), 80
*Poetry & Poets, 2149-2150
*Poisoning, 2151-2152
POLAR STAR (ship), 3979
*Police, 2153-2159
Pol ice court. See Cleveland police court
"Polish Boy The" (poem), 653
*Political Campaigns & Elections, 2160-2705; Cleveland & Cuyahoga, 2165-
2188; Municipa I, 2189-2191; Ohio, 2192-2222; State, 2223-2269; United
States, 2270-2705
*Political Parties, 2706-1/2-2799
*Politics & Government, 2800-2894; Municipal, 2800; Ohio, 2801-2812;
United States, 2813-2894
Polk, James K., 2535 2830
Pond, Mrs. A. W., 298 299 3966
Pontiac, Mich., 2547
POOR GENTLEMAN, THE (play), 3581
Port Burwell, Canada, 584
Port Byron; N. Y.,. 562
Port CI inton, 0., 2989
Port Stanley, Canada, 584
Portage county, 0., 2510
Porter, 2895
Porter, D. M., 2169

INDEX 1856
Porter, Thomas, 598
PORTER'S SPIRIT OF THE TIMES, 2112
Portsmouth, 0., 3204
*Post Office, 2895-2897
*Posta1 Service, 2898-2901
Potts, Fanny, 1071
Potts, Samuel, 3116
Potts, William, 1556
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 3949
*Pou1 try, 2902
Power Lemon C., 1850
Powers, Mrs., 298
Powers, George, 1713
Pratt, F. B., 2750 2745 2793
Pratt, W. W., 2173
Preisel, John, 1644
Preisler, Christian, 3022
Prentice, Dr., 2407
Prentice, W. M., 2394
Prentiss, C., 2937
Prentiss, F. J., 2048 2629 2637
Prentiss, J. C., 1618
Prentiss, Perry, 2171 2173 2175
Presbyterian churcu, 237 244 319 321 322 323 552 3462 3975
Presley, Oliver, 2170
Preston, (Kan.), 3804
Preston, Allen, 1609
Preston, Dorcas, 3138
Preston, Hiram, 945
Preston, Thomas, 1001
Prey, George F., 543
Priest1and, Catherjne, 3870
Price. See Crawford, Price and Company
Price, 598
Price, Gov. (Mo.), 2942
Price, Mrs. Catherine, 1689
Price, Joseph, 1625
PRIDE OF THE MARKET (play), 3602
Princeton college, 1970
Prindee, Rev. Cyrus, 306
Pringle, Margaret, 1728
*Printing & PubI ishing, 2903-2907
*Prisons. See Penal & Corrective Institutions
*Privateers, 2908
Probert, W. (butcher), 210
Proctor. See Jewett, Proctor and Worthington
*Produce Markets. See Markets & Marketing
*Profanity, 2909-2912
*Property. See Real Estate
Propper, George (Leavenworth, Kan.), 1962
Prospect st., 16 189 261 3657
631

632
Prosser, 694
Prosser, Rev. Di lIon, 241 244 298
Prosser, E. S., 2935
·Prostitution. See Vice
Proudfoot, 218
Providence, R. I., 437
INDEX 1856
·Public Squares & Circles, 2913-2933
Publ ic Square. See Cleveland Public Square
PUBLISHERS' CIRCULAR (newspaper), 1959
Pugh, George E., 2552 2879
Putnam, John, 1714 3863
PUTNAM'S MONTHLY (magazine), 42 74 2128 3107
Pyne and Harrison (opera troupe), 1912

634
INDEX 1856
Reid, Captain Mayne (author), 83 112
Reilly, John, 1804
*Religion, 3014-3020
RELIGIOUS TRUTH, ILLUSTRATED FROM SCIENCE, IN ADDRESSES AND
SERMONS ON SPECIAL OCCASIONS (book), 123
Remington, Alonzo, 1224
Renee, John, 3939
Republican party, 88 256 315 369 1443 1524 1960 1967 1974 1982 1997 2127
2162 2164 2165 2178 2180 2181 2183 2184 2185 2188 2189 2192 2194 2195
2196 2200 2201 2211 2212 2215 2216 2218 2219 2220 2221 2222 2225 2230
2232 2235 2237 2241 2242 2245 2252 2255 2259 2263 2264 2265 2267 2269
2274 2275 2280 2284 2286 2287 2288 2289 2291 2292 2293 2296 2299 2301
2303 2304 2305 2315 2317 2318 2329 2330 2333 2335 2338 2339 2348 2361
2365 2366 2370 2373 2388 2404 2419 2431 2433 2446 2448 2451 2453 2455
2456 2458 2460 2469 2471 2472 2478 2479 2480 2482 2490 2494 2498 2504
2508 2512 2516 2517 2519 2522 2527 2534 2545 2550 2553 2564 2580 2585
2590 2594 2595 2596 2597 2598 2602 2604 2609 2610 2620 2622 2623 2626
2630 2638 2640 2641 2644 2645 2647 2655 2656 2658 2660 2663 2666 2672
2674 2676 2677 2679 2680 2682 2683 2684 2687 2689 2692 2701 2703 2704-1/2
2707 2712 2714 2716 2719 2720 2721 2722 2723 2724 2725 2727 2728 2729
2730 2732 2733 2734 2736 2738 2739 2740 2741 2742 2743 2744 2745 2746
2747 2748 2749 2750 2752 2753 2754 2756 2757 2758 2760 2761 2762 2764
2765 2766 2769 2770 2771 2772 2773 2774 2776 2777 2778 2779 2780 2781
2782 2783 2784 2785 2786 2787 2788 2789 2790 2791 2792 2793 2796 2798
2810 2811 2820 2823 2826 2837 2842 2861 2867 2870 2878 2879 2892 2893
2960 3219 3220 3494 3716 3726 3745 3780 3794 3796 3811
*Restaurants, 3021-3022
*Retail Stores & Trade, 3023-3028
Reynolds. See Morley and Reynolds
Reynolds, A. W., 2480
Reynolds, J., (author), 64 68
Reynolds, James, 3838
Rhode Island, 2224 3802
Rhody, Mary Ann, 1020 1033 1036 1657
Rice. See French, Rice and Company
Rice and Burnett, 3028
Rice, Harvey (councilman), 345 347 2176
Rice, William R., 3232
Rich, Thomas, 1121
Richards, J. M., 3021
Richards, Thomas, 799
Richards, W. W. (Solon, O.), 2769
Richardson, 3785
Richardson, Gen. (San Francisco, Cal.), 399
Richardson, Henry, 3871
Richardson, J. J. (Ill.), 2700 2818
Richardson, Sarah, 988
Richardson, W. W., 1455
Richfield, 0., 308
Richings, Caroline (actress), 1922 3611 3612 3613 3614 3615 3616 3618
3631 3632 3633 3634

INDEX 1856
Richings, Peter, (actor). 1922 3611 3612 3614 3615 3616 3617 3618 3631
3632 3633 3634
Richland county, 0., 2777
Richmond DISPATCH (newspaper), 3444
Richmond ENQUIRER (newspaper), 2345 2468 2505 2783 2814 2815 2851 2856
3220 3225 3438 3439 3446 3456 3474 3555
Richmond EXAMINER (newspaper), 2345 3215
Richmond, Va., 616 2468 2505 2814 2815 2851 2856 3215 3220 3225 3436
3438 3439 3444 3446 3456 3474 3486 3555 3783
Riddle, A. G., 2643 2745 2766 2784 2793
Riddle, Charles, 1567
Ridgway, 2171
Ridout, Mary, 3910
RIFLE, AXE AND SADDLE BAGS, THE (book), 105
Riley, Barney, 1679
Riley, Edward, 1184
Riley, James, 1717
Riley, John, 926
Riley, Thomas, 1795
Riley, William! 1677 1039
Rilhard, William (Strongsville, 0.), 796
Ringer, Jacob, 422 3919
R inger, Wi 11 i am, 1036
RIP VAN WINKLE (play), 3584
RISE OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, THE (book), 61
RISE & PROGRESS OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION (book), 73 74
Risk, Elizabeth, 3089
Rittle, Louis, 2171 2745
RIVALS, THE (play), 3619
River st., 168 3044 3982
*Rivers & Harbors, 3029-3033
Roach, Patrick, 913
*Robberies & Assaults, 3034-3114
Robbins, Augustus, 1704
Robbins, Georg , 1101
ROBERT BRUCE (ship), 590
ROBERT MACAIRE (play), 3612
Roberts, John, 1617
Roberts, Sidney, 1082
Roberts, Thomas, 1786 1825
Robertson, M. H., 417
Robinson, Gen., 1972 2304 3675 3733
Robinson, Marshal (Cincinnati, 0.), 3487
Robinson, Mrs. (author), 110
Robinson, Ame1 ia R. M., 2876
Robinson, Dr. B. F. (dentist), 485 487
RobInson, Benjamin, 924
Robinson, Caroline, 1651
Robinson, Dr. J. A. (dentist), 485 487
Robinson, Rev. John, 3190
Robison (store keeper), 1252 1307
635

Round church, 1895
Rouse, Benjamin, 3973
Rouse's block, 487
Roussell (author), 78
Rover boat club, 40
Rowland, Elizabeth, 502
Rowley, Charles S., 834
Rowley, Martin, 3989
Roxbury, Charles A., 3551
Royalton, 0., 2541 2780 2786
Rudd. See Livermore and Rudd
Ruff, John E., 1660
Rushes, Jacob, 3888
Russell, 3780
Russell, Mrs., 11
Russell, Hiram, 1370
Russia, 690 824 3442
Rust (Ark.), 1954 1957 1958 1961
Ryan, Catherine, 1604 1756
Ryan, D. A. (actor), 3603 3607
Ryan, Daniel, 1631
Ryan, Edward, 1095
Ryan, James, 1580
Ryan, John. 3145
Ryan, Michael, 1342 ]559
Ryan, Thomas, 1646
INDEX 1856
Ryder, John M. (ambrotypist), 2138 2140 2144 2148
Rynder, 2647
637

638
Sabin, Daniel, 925
Sabin, John, 1062
Sabin, William, 2745 2750
Sackett, Almon, 1136
Sackrider. See Palmer and Sackrider
Sackrider, E. W. (druggist), 608 622
Saddler, Jackson, 1008 1021 1144
Saga (Jackson, Miss.), 369
St. Andrews' society, 403 820 821 822
St. Clair (Kan.), 3774
INDEX 1856
St. Clair flats, 2316 2575 2840
St. Clair, Gennet, 2091 3876
St. Clair st., 300 342 343 518 548 787 2464 2476 2659 2772 3083 3529
3538 3561 3836
St. Clair st. Methodist Episcopal church. See Methodist Episcopal church
St. John, Samuel (principal of Cleveland Female Seminary), 3191
St. John's cathedral (Catholic), 244
St. John's church, 150)
St. Joseph, Ia., 895
SL Louis DEMOCRAT (newspaper), 2736 3673 3700 3711 3743
st. Louis, Mo" )942 1944 2225 2418 2735 2736 2983 2989 2992 3673 3682
3700 3711 3716 3726 3768 3979
St. Louis REPUBLICAN (newspaper), 1942 1944 3682 3716 3717
St. Nicholas rp.staurant, 196
St. Patrick's church, 244 251
St. Paul, Minn. 395
St. Paul's Episcopal church. See Episcopal church
St. Peter's church, 254
Salem, Mass., 438
Salem, 0., 496 il694
Sal inevi lIe, 0., 2985 2995
Salisbury, Abram 1., 975
Salmon, Patrick, 1160 1698
*Saloons, 3115 3164
*Salt, 3165 3166
Sahrini, Signor (actor), 3589
Sammons, Patrick, 1664
Sampson. See Phi llips, Sampson and Company
Sampson, Judge (Rochester, N. Y.), 3491
Samuels, Dr., 606
San Francisco, Cal., 399 2736 3740
San Francisco JOURNAL (periodicaI), 2736
Sanborn, W. H., 2380
Sanborn, Will iam, 2750
Sanburns, 815
Sands, Nathan and Company (circus), 330
Sandusky county, 0., 2212
Sandusky, 0., 553 710 2391 2478 2479 2739 2989 2992
Sandusky REGISTER (newspaper), 2739
Sandwich Islands, 1464

640
INDEX 1856
Scott, Josiah (Butler county, 0.), 2003 2192
Scott, M. B., 2935 3681
Scott, Patrick, 968 1640
Scott, Walter, 1132
Scott, Winfield, 2737
Scovill, R., 2439
Scovill st.
Scovi lIe, Phi 10, 3973
Scrantons flats, 328 560 2062
Scribner, Charles (publisher), 108 109
Scu1ar, Frank, 963
Searles A. G. (machinist), 646 1459
Searles, J. C., 2582
Sears, 2784
Sears, Theodore C., 2444 2606
"Seasons" (poem), 2150
Second Presbyterian church. See Presbyterian church
Second st., 2056
*Sectiona1ism, 3214 - 3223
Segrist, 871
Segur, Miss (musician), 1926
Seller, M. 3936
*Seminaries. See Schools & Seminaries
Seneca county, 0., 2516
Seneca st., 342 343 515 2015 2059 2072 3026
Seney, Alex, 1846
Sennett and Company (mfrs.), 736
Senter, Mrs. Anna (actress), 3635 3636 3637 3638 3639 3640 3641 3642 3646
SENTINEL (publ ication), 2383
Sessions, F. C., 2741
Settlers New Home association, 3976
Severn, James, 1036
Seward, William H., 823 2300 2736 2738
Sexton, Anthony, 1792
Seymour, Beldin, 711 2355
Seymour, Conn., 437
Seymour, Gov. Horatio (N. Y.), 2322 3464
Seymour, Mary, 3863
Seymour, Thomas, 1227
Shaffer, William, 1033
Shagamy, J., 1571
Shakers, 2340
Shakespeare, William, 3221
Shalick, Charles, 3553
Shandy, William, 1662
Shane, Thomas, 1637
Shank, Barbara, 1785
Shannon, Gov. Wilson (Neb.i, 28622865287336713674 3676 3677 3678
3679 3691 3692 3713 3722 3731 3736 3740 3741 3743 3756 3768 3774 3783
3792

Shar, John, 839
Sharon, Pa., 2991
Sharp, 2449 2452
Sharp, Lorenzo, 1113
Sharpe, Peter, 3944
Sharper, James, 949
SharpIe, James, 1109
Sharpley, James, 1589
Shaw, Benjamin, 10
INDEX 1856
Shawnees (indians), 2620 3729
Shaws, Rev. J. W., 319
Shay, Mary, 3887
Shay, Michea1, 841
Sheave, Cornel ius, 3864
Sheffield, 0., 3985
Shehan, Patrick, 1419
Shelby county, 0., 2516
Shelby, 0., 2940 2987 2994
Shelden, 2446
Sheldon, Seth (N. Brooklyn, 0.), 2511
Shelton, W., 476
Shene, J. J., 1036
Shepard, James A., 1095
Sheppard. See Leland and Shappard
Sheppard, S. S., 2170
Sheppard, W., 2750
Sheridan, Richard Brins1ey (playwright), 3619
Sheriff st., 287 3532
Sherman, 498
Sherman, Jane, 1703
Sherman, John, 450 2479
Sherman, R., 2355
Shield, J., 1206
Shier, J., 1036
*Shipbui1ding, 3224 3227
*Shipping & Ships, 3228 3431; accidents, 577 590
Shoemaker, Cyrus, 1202
*Shoes, 3432 3435
Sholes, John, 1842
Sholl, William, 2750
Shoop, Daniel, 1706
Shoop, Margaret, 1706
Short, Jacob, 135. See also Fisher, Jacob
Short, John, 1629
Short, Mrs. (ambrotypist), 2141
Shoy, John, 1607
Shroeder, J., 2545
Shrup, Augustus, 1613
Shull, J. B. (N. Brooklyn, 0.), 2012 2511
Shuriett, Jobn, 1572
641

642
INDEX 1856
Siberia, 102
Sickens, Charles, 1810
Silver Grays, 2371. See also Know-Nothings
Simmons, William R., 2171
Simms, 3223
Simpson, Bishop (Methodist), 1436
Simpson's Car Factory, 2391
Sims, Alexander, 3869
Sinclair. See Hussey and Sinclair
Sinclair, William, 1373
Sinel, Laurence, 2758
Singer, John, 2170 2745 2750
Singer, Phill ip, 0., 39tH
Singleton, George, 526
Singleton, John, 1735
Singleton, Mary, 3901
Sinton, I" 2937
Siples, William, 1765
"Sir Peter and Lady Teazle" (recitation), 651
SIX MONTHS IN KANSAS (book), 2346
SKETCHES FROM COMMON LIFE (book), 74
Skinner, Robert, 505
Slade, A. T., 2572
Slade, William, 2171 2446 2483 2539
Slade, William jr., 2335 2428 2526 2601 2722 2745 2750 2752 2755
*Slavery, 3436 3497
*Slave Trade, 3494 3497
Slaviny, Peter, 1791
Slee, William. 3122
Slidell. Col. (La.), 2459
Sliter, Dick (dancer). 657
Sliters Empire Minstrels, 657
Slocum, Simeon, 971 1255 1266
Smart, Lewis, 972
Smart, Nathan, 971
Smith. See Merble, Smith and Sargent
Smith, 2698
Smith, Gen., 3769
Smith, Allen, 2884 3169
Smith, Andy, 1661
Smith. Ann, 3848
Smith, B. F. (railroad agent), 1248
Smi th, Caleb. B. (Hami lton, 0.), 2192 2516 2749 2756
Smith. Caroline, 3846
Smith. Ellen, 1200 3924
Smith, Gerritt, 2305
Smith, H. C., 3097
Smith, (H. C.) and Company, 3097
Smith. Henry, 197 1105 3142
Smi th, Hubbard A., 1838 3052 3154

644
INDEX 1856
Spangler, B. L., 2444
Spangler, Mi ller M., 475 2210
*Spanish America. See Latin America
SPARROWGRASS PAPERS (book), 63 64
Spaulding, J. W., 2170
Spalding, Rufus P., 2134 2192 2335 2583 2587 2745 2752 2782 2846
Speck, Hank, 1833
*Speeches. See Lectures & Speeches
Speer, 1978
Speer, Joseph 1. (Kan.), 1944 3737
Spencer. See Webster, Spencer and Mellon
Spencer, Professor, 3508 3509 3510
Spencer, A. J., 3198
Spencer, J. A. (author), 63
Spencer, 0., 3985
Spencer, P. R. (chirographer). 636
Spicer, Charles, 3890
Spinner, Gen., 1863
*Spiritualism & Occultism, 3501 3511
Spooner, Thomas, 2192 2706 2707 2708 2709
Sprague, A. W. (author), 69
Sprague, C., 4
Springfield, Ill., 2638
Springfield, Mass., 3511
Springfield, 0., 2433
Springfield, Pa., 570
Spruce st., 2539
SQUATTER SOVEREIGN, THE (newspaper), 2531 3711
Staats, Mrs. (milliner), 198 380
Stacey (confectioner), 414
Stafford, Rachae1, 1708
*Stage Lines. See Bus & Stage Lines
Stair. See Worthington and Stair
Stallo, John B. (Hamilton county, 0.), 2516
STANDARD SPELLER (text book), 3211
Standard, N. M., 476 2745
Standart, W. M. (Brooklyn, 0.), 2769
Stanies, Thomas, 3905
Stanley, 1462
Stanley, Emma (actress), 682 683 684
Stanley, Thomas G., 417
Stanley, William H., 2750 3721 3751 3760 3776
Stannard, Captain (Va.), 369 2697
Stanton, B. (Springfield, 0.), 2433
Stanton, Robert, 1556
Stanton's band, 758 3498
Star Insurance co., 540
"Star Spangled Banner" (hymn), 663
Stark county, 0., 852
Starkweather, Samuel C., 2181

Starr, Frederick, 1296
State st. I 2659
STATES IN PARIS (play), 3636
INDEX 1856
STATES AND TERRITORIES OF THE GREAT WEST, (book), 80
*Stationary Engines & Boilers, 3512
Stauderhoover, George, 1641
Staub, Humphrey, 991, 1015
*Strean1, 3513
Steams, Charles, 3119
Stedman, Buckley, 4 729 730 2154
Stedman, F. B. (city council page), 332
Steele, 4
Stendart. See Whitman and Stendart
Stephan, Simeon, 3945
Stephens, E. C., 1544
Stephens, George. 1553
STEPHEN'S (Mrs.) ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY (magazine), 2114
Stephenson (Hamilton, Ontario), 1249
Sterl ing, E. T. (agent of Cuyahoga Furnace works" 1458
Sterling, James T., 385
Sterling st., 781
Sterling, T., 3721
Sterling, Dr. T., 3776
Steubenville and Indiana railroad, 2961
Stevans, R. C. (p0Iiceman). 598 2156
Steven's dining hall, 1076
Stevens, E. C., 3041
Stevens, H. S. (omnibus proprietor), 205 207
Stevens, Mrs. Henry c., 2142
Stevens, Josiah, 906
Stevens' Omnibus line, 205 207 208 561 708 2056
Stevenson. See Laffrinier and Stevenson
Stewart (Kan.), 3747
Stewart, C. S. (author), 107
Stewart, David, 1564
Stewart, John, 1040
Stickney, C., 2016
Still, Charles. 3944
STILL WATERS RUN DEEP (play), 3591 3628
Stockley, H. G., 3721
Stocldey, John G., 711
Stockwell, 518
Stodard, Judge, 2923
Stoke, John, 1638
Stokes, Edward, 1047 1063
·Stolen Property. See Receiving Stolen Property
Stone . (bridge builder), 157
Stone,A. P., 2192
Stone, Amasa, 2750
Stone, Amasa jr., 2935 2959
645

646
Stone, H., 2937
Stone Heights, 778
Stone, J., 750
Stone, Peter, 1177, 1211
INDEX 1856
Stone, S. S. 2056 3000 3002 3003 3004
Stone and Witt (contractors), 474
Story, Richard, 1723
STORY OF COLUMBUS SIMPLIFIED FOR THE YOUNG FOLKS, THE (book), 108
*Stoves & Furnaces, 3514
Stowe, Harriet Beecher (author), 92 102 3587
Strakosch, Maurice, 1904
Strang, Wi 11 iam, 1682
STRANGER; OR LOVE AND MISANTHROPY (play), 3591
Stranton's Music saloon, 793
Stratton. See Bryant, Lusk and Stratton mercantile college
Stratton, H. D. (college instructor), 633 640
Straus, Charles, 840
*Streets, 3513 3553
Streetsboro, 0., 2781
Stresser, Rudolf, 873
Strickland, Dr. (dentist), 486
Strickland, Lorenzo P., 3140
Stringfellow (Kan.), 2613 2625 2834 3674 3708 3711 3713 3722 3792
Strones, Homer, 711
Strong, Homer, 2408
Strong, John, 1765 3846
Strong, Leonard, 1349
Strongvi lIe, 0., 796 2553 2780 2786
Stump, William, 1753
Sturges, 494
Sturgess, 773
Sturtevant, E. T., 3198
Sturtnaler, Fred, 3136
Styles, Silas M., 833 835
*Suburbs, Districts & Annexations, 3554
SUFFERING SAVIOR, THE (book), 64
*Suffrage, 35G5 3556
*Sugar, 3557 3558
Suggi t, David, 1166
*Suicides, 3559 3562
Sullivan county, 0., 3043
Sullivan, Michael, 1692
SULTANA (ship), 3236 3241 3247
Summer, 2313
Summit county, 0., 2206 2490
Summitville, 0., 2995
Sumner, Charles, 2127 2192 2320 2421 2426 2843 2844 2846 2847 2848 2849
2850 2952 2853 2854 2857 2858 2860 2863 2876 2883 2885 3223 3418 3755
Sumner, Lawrence, 3079
Sunrise, Rev. Thomas, 245
Superi or City, Wis., 395 3250

INDEX 1856
Superior st.. 13 14 36 41 43 48 70 134 167 174 239 309 320 371 374 375
377 382 383 485 487 489 490 491 497 510 511 515 518 529 605 606 608
618 621 624 633 643 648 649 893 898 1544 1932-1/2 2015 2059 2069 2072
2141 2143 2145 2146 2147 2895 2906 2907 2915 2919 2921 2923 2924 2925
2926 2928 2933 2963 3000 3026 3027 3231 3514 3670
*Surgical Supplies. See Medical & Surgical Supplies
Sutliff (Trumbull C01lllty, 0.), 2192
Swagert, Joseph, 1763
Swaggert, James W., 1581
Swann, 2190
Swartz, Charles, 1702
Swedenborgain denomination, 237
Sweeney, Alex, 1757
SWEEPSTAKES (ship), 3253 3262
Swett, Madame (clairvoyant), 3507
Surft, Mrs. Adeline T. (Oberl in, 0.), 3985
SYRACUSE DAILY COURIER (newspaper), 3801
Syracuse, N. Y., 2430 2560 2740 2757 3801
647

648
· INDEX 1856
TABLE TALK OF SAMUEL ROGERS (book), 61
Taft, Elizabeth, 1651 3896
Taft, William P., 3703 3731
Tait, 777
Talbut, Guillaume H. (author), 3210
Talcott, A. C. (jeweler),. 186 488
Tallmadge, 0., 2490
Tamblyn, Wi 11 iam, 915
TANGLE TOWN LETTERS (book), 73
*Taxation, 3563-3567, 3653-3656
Taylor. See Whitman, Taylor, and Company
Taylor, Griswold and Company, 3028
Taylor, J. C., 2750
Taylor, J. E. (actor), 3629
Taylor, John F., 188
Taylor, Joseph, 3035
Taylor, Mary, 3923
Taylor st., 12
Taylor, Uriah, 2750
Taylor, Wi 11 iam, 1816 1819 2516 3161
Taylor, Zacharay, 1968
TEACHER, THE (book), 58 61
*Teachers, 3195-3209
Teachers institute, 3202 3203
Teals, Augustus, 3518
Teirst, Phi 11 ip, 1369
*Telegraph, 3568
TELEGRAPH (ship), 584 585 1855 3258
*Temperance, 3569-3573
Temperance hall, 1439 1442 1446 1449 1454 2019 2020 2021 2022 2024 2025
2026 2028 2029 2031
Tennessee, 3477
Tennis (John) and Company, 214
Tenyche, Loran, 192
Teobolt, Mary, 3145
Terenee, Henry, 3516
Terrace st., 3520
Terre Haute, Ind., 2131 2983
*Territories, United States. See United States Territories & Possessions
Texas, 3449 3697
*Text Books, 3210-3213
Thayer, 2443 2455 3780
Thayer, 1. C., 2582 2793
Thayer's Omega pills (patent medicine), 604
*Theaters, 3574-3656
*Thefts. See Larcenies
Thieme, 2783
Thieme, A., 2453
Third Baptist church (west side). See Baptist church
Third st., 788
Thomas, Alice, 1634

INDEX 1856
Thomas, Elicitia, 3913
Thomas and Freeman's planing mi 11, 542
Thomas, John. 1607
Thomas, Joseph, 1055 1070 1071 1085
Thomas, Mary, 1687
Thomas, S. M., 2174
Thomas, William, 1230 1690 1705 1780 1805 1848
Thome, Prof., 1452
Thome, Rev. J. A., 244 318 3014
Thompson and Dring, 792 805
Thompson, Emma, 1008
Thompson (J.) and Company, 1458
Thompson, James (poet), 2150
Thompson, Josephine, 3852 3866
Thompson, Samuel, 1532 1571
Thompson, William, 972
Thomson, Rev. Dr. (president of Ohio Wesleyan university), 295
Thorp, Charles, 2995
Thorp, John W., 867
Thrall, William, 2741
THREE PER CENT A MONTH OR THE PERILS OF FAST LIVING (book), 93
Tibbitts, G. W. (wood engraver), 648
Tiberini (tenor), 1929
Tice, Chaney, 345 2176 2745
Ticknor and Fields (publishers), 112 114 120
"Tifereth Israel," 291
Tiffin, 0., 2497 2720
Tilden, Judge Daniel R., 2485 2752
Ti Iden, H. R., 2769
Ti llman, A. J., 2027
*Time, 3657
Timon, Bishop, 2383
Tingler, Prof. (Baldwin university), 384
Tingley, Mrs. (Baldwin university), 384
Tinnerman, Mary, 1237
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord (poet), 80 121
Tippecanoe meeting, 2509
TIT FOR TAT (book), 113
Titus, Colonel, 3799 3814
TO OBLIGE BENSON (play), 3596 3600 3622
*Tobacco, 3658
Toledo BLADE (newspaper), 2810 3586
Toledo, 0., 563 2212 2810 2982 2988 2989 2992 2993 3586
Tom Thumb (midget), 662 663
Toole, Charles, 3130
Toomas, Robert (Ga.), 2547 3221 3448
Topeka, Kan., 2881
Toucey, 2693
Tower, Leman C., 927
*Trade. See Commerce; Retail Stores & Trade; Wholesale Trade
*Travel, 3659-3661
649

650
*Treason, 3662
*Trees, 3663
Treese, Leonard, 814
Tremont hall, 2027 3480 3571
Trenton, N. J., 2342
Tresh, Galiss, 1816
INDEX 1856
Trinity church. See Episcopal church
Troy, N. Y., 3949
Trumbell, Captain, 3232
Trumbull county, 0., 1523 2192 2516 2951
Trumbull, 0., 3986
Turban. Thomas, 990
Turner, Joseph, 1673
Turner, Nancy, 992 999
Turner, Rev. W. C., 319
Turner's hall, 2464 2476
Turnpike st., 3531 3533
Turton. Edward, 1632
Tuscarawas county, 0., 2516
Tuscarawas, 0., 3197
Tuttle stove store, 3514
TWENTY MINUTES WITH A TIGER (play), 668 670
Twickel. John, 3142
Twi ttchell, L. D., 2016
TWO POMPEYS, THE (opera), 660
Tyan, Thomas, 532
Tyler, B. F •• 2745
Tyler, Benjamin, 1576 3082
UhI. See Myers, Uhl and Company
Umcaupt, John, 1681
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN (play), 3587
UNCLE TOM'S CABIN (book), 56 92 102
Under Ground railroad, 3489
Underhill, T. A., 3065
*Undertakers, 3664-3665
Underwood. John C. (Clark county, Va.), 369 2702
UNION (newspaper), 2892
Union American party, 2190
Union Hall (clothing store), 377 728
Union party, 2209 2252
Union st., 377
Union Telegraph co., 1940
Unionville. Pa., 2988 2993
Unitarian church, 326
United Brethren of Christ, 129 244
U. S. Agricultural society, 8
*United States Army, 3666-3667
U. S. Army. 2509 2599 2878 3478 3784
U. S. Ci rcui t court, 430 451

652
VASSEL MORTON (book), 72 80
Vaughgesen, Edward, 2170
Vaughn, j. C., 2792
INDEX 1856
Velards, Mona (actress), 669
*Vendors. See Peddlers & Vendors
Venetian carnival, 665
Vermont, 2207 2234 2236 2237 2238 2240 2244 2245 2255 3802
Vermont st., 2659
Vernon, George, 941
Vescelius (card writer), 2135
*Veterinarians, 3836
*Vice, 3837-3926
VICTORIA, OR THE WORLD OVERCOME (book), 95
VIEW IN THE WINOOSKI VALLEY (painting), 13
Vincent, Alexander, 1529
Vincent, Felix A. (actor), 665 667 668 672 673 3586 3593 3594 3595 3598
3599 3601 3602 3603 3605 3606 3607 3608 3609 3610 3611 3612 3619 3620
3621 3622 3625 3632 3642 3644 3654
Vincent, j, H., 2752
Vincent, j. H. (Chagrin Falls, 0.), 3762
Vine st., 3539
Vineyard lane, 1992
Vineyard st., 40 492 516 648 765 1459 2895 2963 3540
Vineyard st. bridge, 531
VIOLET, OR THE CROSS AND THE CROWN (book), 118
Virginia, 1933 2231 2387 2423 2501 2584 2697 2702 2812 3215 3225 3441
3446 3460 3463 3465 3468 3489 3735 66 369
*Vital Statistics, 3927
VOLAN VENT (pantomime), 677
Vouchy, john, 1828

INDEX 1856
Waddle, Alexander (Clark county, 0.), 7
Wade, Daniel. 1426
Wade, Edward (U. S. Representative), 390 1976 2293 2477 2545 2550 2585
2593 2620
Wade, Senator Ben, 2477 2479 2859 3755
Wade, Frank, 2849
Waddell, John R. (Ross county, 0.), 2003 2192
Waggoner, William, 1040
Wagleman, Jacob, 840
Wagner, Nicholas, 3156
Wais, Phillip, 875
Wakarusa river, 3675
Walbridge (Mich. ), 2672
Walby, Wi II iam (Trumbull county, 0.), 1523
Walden, Arch, 1209
Waldon, Madison, 1068
Waldron (Mich.), 2672
Walker, Rev., 318
Walker, Henry, 3945
Walker, Silas, 1204
Walker, William (filibuster), 742 744 1432 3814
Wallace (lawyer), 473
Wallace, F. T. (councilman), 345 347 352 2176
Wallace, James (Baldwin university), 384
Wallace, William, 1085
Wallack, J. W., 3647 3648 3649 3650 3651
Walnut st., 378
Walsh, G. W., 3974
Walter, Alex N., 2884
Walters, C. F. (actor), 3603 3621 3595
Wal ters, James, 1188
Walworth county, Wis., 2673
Walworth, William, 719
Wamelink, L. B., 3974
WANDERER, THE (book), 85
WAR CHOLERA AND THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH (book). 70
WAR IN KANSAS (book), 82
War of 1812, 2211
Warner, W. J. (contractor), 180
Warner, William (railroad engineer), 2973
Warnett, Charles, 3518
Warren (dry goods dealer), 628
Warren, Miss (author), 98
Warren, Clark (officer), 472
Warren county, 0., 2516
Warren, 0., 2489 2952 2986 2991 3986
Warren, W., 3028
Werren's store, 472
Warrensvi He, 0., 562 2780 2784 2786
Washington county, 0., 2516
653

654 ..
INDEX 1856
Washington, D. C., 8 1433 1958 2228 2256 2296 2300 2313 2319 2347 2402
2456 2462 2691 2699 2734 2814 2823 2832 3022 3217 3463 3752 3769 3783
Washington, George, 2039 2789 2326
Washington, George, 1284
WASHINGTON OR THE GODDESS OF LIBERTY (play), 3612
WASHINGTON SENTINEL (newspaper), 2313
WASHINGTON UNION (newspaper), .2691 2814 2832 3032
Wason, Charles, 2444
Wasson, 2395
Wasson's Car manufactory, 2395
WATER CURE (almanac), 2129
Water st., 3967 3981 3432 3556 3561 3024 2825 899 20 177 200 373 2007
2008 2011 1510 524 525 604 606 607
*Water Supply, 3928-3935
Waterford, Pa., 2373
Waterman, William, 537 538
Watkins, Mrs. Geo., 735
Watrous, J. S., 719
Watson, Cooper K., 2458
Watson, Thomas, 1744 2098
Watt, W. D., 34
Watts, Henry, 3883
WAU BUN (book), 64
Waukesha county, Wis., 2673
Waucrey, Warren, 1352
WAVERLY MAGAZINE, 2106
Wayne county DEMOCRAT (newspaper), 2395 2549
Wayne county, 0., 2395 2403 2513 2516 2549
Weal, Thomas, 1217
*Weapons, 3936-3945
*Weather, 3946-3955
Webb, Mrs. (Philadelphia, Pa.), 3587
Webb, Joe, 3905
Webb, S. H., 286
Webber, Jacob, 1740
Webber, Leanpence, 1719
Weber, Prof. Gustav C. E., 1519
Webster, Daniel, 2768 2852 2410
Webster, Mary S. (teacher), 3187
Webster, Noah (lexicographer), 120
Webster, Spencer, and Mellon, 3982
Weddell block, 3960 176
Weddell House, 821 822 893 895 1510 2135 2137 2159 2521 3507 2033 173
Weddell, H. P., 2924 277
Weddell shaving saloon, 37
*Weddings. See Marriage & Marriages
Weed, Delos, 1356 1362
*Weights & Measures, 3956-3960
Weir, Charles, 3160
Welch, John, 1156 2516

Welch and Lent (circus), 331
Welch, Michael, 1224
Welch, Patrick, 2083
Welch, Phillip, 1787
·Welfare, 3961-3975
INDEX 1856
*Welfare Organizations, 2054-2060
Wells (Gov. of Me.), 2223
Wells (Wis.), 2823
Wells, james, lO62
Wellsville, 0., 2985 2995
Welsh, james, 1791
Welsh, Patrick. 1456
Wenham, A. G., 1275
Wenham's grove, 2076
Wentsal, john, 3108
Wesleyan church, 2F2 296 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 3167 3493
See also Methodist Episcop?l church
WESLEYAN AND JlTVENILE INSTRUCTOR (denominational papu). 306
West Indian islands, 1464
West, Moses, 875
W. River st., 3530
West, Rudolph, 1592
West Side ce3.etary, 223 224 225 227 228
West St. Clair street school, 243
West st., 1275 1459 646 165
West, William, 1851
WESTERN BORDER LIFE OR WHAT FANNY HUNTER SAID AND HEARD IN
KANSAS AND mSSOURf (book), 93
Western Homestead association, 3980
WESTERN METROPOLIS (ship), 3251
WeSlern Reserve, 3751 2747 2651 2637 1957 2213 2259 2278 2281 2286 2588
Western Reserve CmWNICLE (newspaper), 1995
Western Reserve college, 319
Western Seamen's Friend society, 3967
WESTERN WORLD (ship), 3256
Wf,STMIKSTER REVIEW (periodical), 2119
Westport, Kan., 3782
"'Westward Movement, 3976-3980
Whee 1 er, George, 1767
Wheeler, 742
Wheeler (pres. of Baldwin university), 384
Wheeler, Rev. Mr., 314
Wheeler, C. P., 1162
Wheeler, Edgar R., 427
Wheeler, Frank, 988
Wheeler, Henry, 1050
Wheeler, J. H., 1185
Wheeler, John, 285 286
Wheeler, John, 1731
Wheeler, Prof. R. B., 1893 1897 1899 1900
655

656
INDEX 1856
Wheeler, Water and Company (mfrs), 1527
Wheeling, Va., 2231
Whig party, 1856 2223 2?77 2292 2297 2334 2371 2390 2440 2732 2733 2736
2767
White, 187
White, 2333
White, Bushnell, 2171 3583
WHITE CHIEF, THE (book), 83
Whi te, D., 2346
White, Emerson E. (principal, Cleve. Central High school), 3198 3207 3213
White, Grace, 3876 2091
White, Henry (Chagrin Falls, 0.), 3753
White, Isaac {band leader}, 1892 1921
White, J. B •• 2750
White, Rp.v. J. C., 244 257 263 264 265 266 270 271 272 273 1447 2750 2721
3726
White, John, 1280
White, Joseph, 922
White, Lambert, 1104
White, Maria Louisa (music teacher), 1927
Whitehead, Ephraim, 500
Whitehead, John, 1535
Whi tehead, R., 500
Whitelaw, Mrs. M., 541
White's Harp band, 1921
Whitfield, J. W. (gov. of Mo.), 2838 2889 2890 2891 3716 3757
Whitman and Stendart (bankers), 3976
Whitman, Taylor, and Company, 779
Whitney, Mrs., 298
Wh i tney , G. W., 3966
Whitney, Moses, 916
·Wholesale Trade, 3981-3982
Wickliffe, 0., 2988 2993
Wickoff, Dr., 1513
WIFE, THE (play), 653
WIFE'S SECRET, THE (play), 3612 3632
WIFE'S TRIALS, THE (book), 77
Wiggam, John, 2169
Wightman, Lucy, 735
Wignant, Magdalena, 1251
Wikoff, Henry (author), 122
Wi 1 bur, J. B., 2355 2407
Wilcox, Dr., 3749
Wilcox, Aaron (Painesville, 0.), 2425 2516
Wilcox, Abner, 942
Wilcox, Dan M., 825 826
Wilcox, Daniel, 929
Wilde, Robert, 3957
Wilds, Alonzo P., 1318
Wiley, George, 3171

Wilkins, H., 3980
Wilkinson, Dr. (author), 70
Willard, E. S., 2174 3944
Wi lIard, Wi 11 iam, 1164
Willer, Colonel (Cal.), 2874
Willey, 3200
INDEX 1856
Willey cottage, 2477 1853 1923 3022
WILLIAM B. CASTLE (ship), 3262
Williams alley, 764
Will iams, Barney, 3863
Williams block, 489
Wi 11 iams, Carol ine, 3842
Wi 11 iams, Elijah, 1664
Williams, G€'orge, 842 1046
Williams, Henry, 1774
Williams, Hosea, 2935
Williams, J. E., 2444
Williams, James, 988 1311 232 1091
Williams, Samuel, 889
Williams, Thomas, 3834
Wilmot, David, 2259
Willow st. bridge, 141 142 148
WILLOW COPSE, THE (play), 3592
Willoughby, 0., 900
Wi llow ave., 30 3521
Wi 1 son, Genera 1, 823
Wilson, E. F., 3517
Wi lson F. (Mayfield, O.), 2769
Wilson, Rev. Hiram, 3490
Wi 1 son, Dr. J. S., 2629
Wilson, John, 846
Wilson st., 550
Wilson, William, 2016
Wimans, Charles, 1806
Winchester, 0., 2995
Windham, 0., 2986 2991
WINDMILL, THE (play), 3594
Wineferin, Jacob, 999
Winslow, A. P. (councilman), 345 348 2176
Winslow, N. C., 277
Winsor and Newson, 18
Wisconsin, 2823 472 3784 3802 2666 2673 2676 2679 1856 2811 -2731
Williams, Mrs. William, 2139
Williamson, 742
Williamson, Samuel, 2935
Will iamson, Thomas, 3048 3559
Willis (author), 109 2103
657