US DOE Gulf Coast Clean Energy Application Center - Houston ...
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Increasing Natural Gas Fueled CHP<br />
to 35% of Texas Power:<br />
Dan Bullock<br />
Director<br />
U.S. <strong>DOE</strong> <strong>Gulf</strong> <strong>Coast</strong> <strong>Clean</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Application</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
Develop regional strategies to<br />
support CHP, WHR, and DE in<br />
Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma<br />
1) Education and Outreach<br />
Website, workshops, webinars<br />
About Us<br />
2) Policy Development Initiatives<br />
Legislative and regulatory issues<br />
3) Project Specific Support<br />
Audits, feasibility studies, assistance<br />
<strong>DOE</strong>: 240 GW of CHP by 2030<br />
2<br />
<strong>Houston</strong> Advanced Research <strong>Center</strong>
Before We Begin<br />
White Paper<br />
Available at www.gulfcoastcleanenergy.org<br />
Presentation<br />
E-mailed to all attendees within 24 hours<br />
Posted to www.<strong>Gulf</strong><strong>Coast</strong><strong>Clean</strong><strong>Energy</strong>.org<br />
Questions<br />
Submit via chat feature<br />
Answered offline, emailed and posted<br />
3
• CHP Primer<br />
Agenda<br />
• White Paper Results<br />
• CHP Potential<br />
• Project Examples<br />
• Questions<br />
4
CHP Primer
DG is …<br />
• An Electric Generator<br />
• Located At or Near a<br />
Building / Facility<br />
• Generates at least a<br />
portion of the Electric Load<br />
Distributed Generation<br />
An Alternative to Centralized Generation<br />
DG Technologies …..<br />
• Solar Photovoltaic<br />
• Wind Turbines<br />
• Engine Generator Sets<br />
• Turbine Generator Sets<br />
• Combustion Turbines<br />
• Microturbines<br />
• Steam Turbines<br />
• Fuel Cells<br />
6
• located in close proximity to the energy consumer<br />
– Industrial facility, institutional campus, commercial building<br />
• designed to be the primary energy source operating 24/7<br />
• captures thermal energy for use in:<br />
– Process heat<br />
– Water and space heating<br />
– Cooling<br />
– Dehumidification<br />
– Power production<br />
7
15,000<br />
13,000<br />
11,000<br />
9,000<br />
7,000<br />
5,000<br />
Texas Electricity Generators<br />
Average Heat Rates<br />
(Btu/kWh)<br />
2008 2009 2010<br />
Coal<br />
Natural Gas (non-CHP)<br />
Natural Gas CHP<br />
Source: U.S. <strong>Energy</strong> Information Administration 8
Source: ORNL<br />
BAU Case<br />
(McKinsey & Co).<br />
Benefits of CHP, 2030<br />
CHP Capacity 241 GW<br />
Annual Fuel<br />
Savings<br />
Total CO2<br />
Reduced<br />
Cars Off the<br />
Road<br />
5.3 quads<br />
848 MMT<br />
154 million<br />
9
White Paper Analysis
White Paper Analysis<br />
• Requested by Texas CHP<br />
Initiative to support their policy<br />
goals at the Texas Legislature.<br />
• Build on 2008 PUCT<br />
SummitBlue CHP Report.<br />
• Build on 2008 GC RAC report on<br />
CHP using agricultural wastes.<br />
• Determine the impacts on the<br />
state of greatly increased CHP?<br />
Download the white paper at<br />
http://gulfcoastcleanenergy.org<br />
11
CHP in Texas<br />
Significant<br />
Cogeneration<br />
Investment After 1981<br />
Slower growth<br />
12
CHP PROVIDES FIRM CAPACITY<br />
• CHP provides 22% of summer peak capacity<br />
• Natural gas is the dominant fuel<br />
• Chemical and refining industries dominant location<br />
25%<br />
20%<br />
15%<br />
10%<br />
5%<br />
0%<br />
State Percent of Total CHP Capacity in the <strong>US</strong>A<br />
(States with > 1000 MW CHP)<br />
TX CA LA NY MI NJ FL PA AL IN VA GA MA OR NC IL ME<br />
13
CHP Concentration is along the <strong>Gulf</strong> <strong>Coast</strong><br />
14<br />
14
100%<br />
90%<br />
80%<br />
70%<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
Source: U.S. <strong>Energy</strong> Information<br />
Administration dataset<br />
‘generation_state_mon.xls’ developed<br />
from Form EIA-923 available at<br />
http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electrici<br />
ty/epa/generation_state_mon.xls.<br />
Texas Electricity by Fuel Source<br />
(% of Total)<br />
2008 2009 2010<br />
Other<br />
Natural Gas (non-CHP)<br />
Wind<br />
CHP<br />
Coal<br />
Nuclear<br />
GENERATION BY FUEL SOURCE (MWh) 2008 2009 2010<br />
TX CHP Total 80,991,653 79,742,630 83,485,167<br />
TX Natural Gas (non-CHP) Total 117,916,662 115,172,754 110,056,708<br />
TX Coal Total 147,131,842 139,106,596 146,849,905<br />
TX Nuclear Total 40,727,370 41,497,617 41,335,248<br />
TX Wind Total 16,225,024 20,026,103 26,132,202<br />
TX Other Total 1,795,234 1,622,203 1,599,366<br />
404,787,785 397,167,903 409,458,596<br />
15
600,000,000<br />
500,000,000<br />
400,000,000<br />
300,000,000<br />
200,000,000<br />
100,000,000<br />
0<br />
Texas Projected Electrical Load<br />
(MWh)<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025<br />
Projected Growth Rate: 1.5% per year after impacts of energy conservation programs. 16
RESOURCE<br />
COMBINED<br />
HEAT AND POWER<br />
NATURAL GAS<br />
CASE 1<br />
B<strong>US</strong>INESS-AS-<strong>US</strong>UAL<br />
CASE 2<br />
35% CHP GOAL<br />
2011-2025: 1% 2011-2025: 7.8% average<br />
2011-2025: 0.9%<br />
(Marginal producer)<br />
COAL 2011-2025: 0.75%<br />
2011-2025: 0.75%<br />
2011-2025: -3.0% average<br />
(Marginal producer)<br />
NUCLEAR 2011-2025: 0.0% 2011-2025: 0.0%<br />
WIND 2011-2025: 9.9% average 2011-2025: 9.9% average<br />
OTHER 2011-2025: 51.9% average 2011-2025: 51.9% average<br />
17
600,000,000<br />
500,000,000<br />
400,000,000<br />
300,000,000<br />
200,000,000<br />
100,000,000<br />
0<br />
Texas Electrical <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Case 1: Business-as-Usual<br />
(MWh)<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025<br />
Other<br />
Wind<br />
Nuclear<br />
Coal<br />
Natural Gas (non-CHP)<br />
CHP<br />
18
600,000,000<br />
500,000,000<br />
400,000,000<br />
300,000,000<br />
200,000,000<br />
100,000,000<br />
0<br />
Texas Electrical <strong>Energy</strong><br />
Case 2: 35% NG CHP Goal<br />
(MWh)<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025<br />
Other<br />
Wind<br />
Nuclear<br />
Coal<br />
Natural Gas (non-CHP)<br />
CHP<br />
19
Impacts Evaluated<br />
• Natural Gas Consumption<br />
• Carbon Dioxide Emissions<br />
• Sulfur Dioxide Emissions<br />
• Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions<br />
• Water Consumption<br />
20
2,500<br />
2,000<br />
1,500<br />
1,000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
NATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION<br />
Texas Electricity Industry<br />
Natural Gas Consumption<br />
(Bcf)<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025<br />
IMPACT<br />
•2025: 533 Bcf<br />
•2012-2025: 3,257 Bcf<br />
Case1: Business-as-Usual<br />
Case 2: 35% NG CHP Goal<br />
21
400<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS<br />
Texas Electricity Industry<br />
Carbon Dioxide Emissions<br />
(millions of tons)<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025<br />
IMPACT<br />
•2025: 81 million tons per yr<br />
•2012-2025: 511 million tons<br />
Case 1: Business-as-Usual<br />
Case 2: 35% NG CHP Goal<br />
22
900<br />
800<br />
700<br />
600<br />
500<br />
400<br />
300<br />
200<br />
100<br />
0<br />
SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS<br />
Texas Electricity Industry<br />
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions<br />
(thousands of tons)<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025<br />
IMPACT<br />
•2025: 384 thousand tons per yr<br />
•2012-2025: 2,394 thousand tons<br />
Case 1: Business-as-Usual<br />
Case 2: 35% NG CHP Goal<br />
23
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
100<br />
50<br />
0<br />
NITROGEN DIOXIDE EMISSIONS<br />
Texas Electricity Industry<br />
Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions<br />
(thousands of tons)<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025<br />
IMPACT<br />
•2025: 137 thousand tons per yr<br />
•2012-2025: 854 thousand tons<br />
Case 1: Business-as-Usual<br />
Case 2: 35% NG CHP Goal<br />
24
140<br />
120<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
WATER CONSUMPTION<br />
Texas Electricity Industry<br />
Water Consumption<br />
(billions of gals)<br />
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025<br />
IMPACT<br />
•2025: 25 billion gallons per yr<br />
•2012-2025: 161 billion gallons<br />
Case 1: Business-as-Usual<br />
Case 2: 35% NG CHP Goal<br />
25
Can CHP supply 35% of the<br />
state’s electricity?
35,000<br />
30,000<br />
25,000<br />
20,000<br />
15,000<br />
10,000<br />
5,000<br />
0<br />
Texas CHP Capacity Additions<br />
(MW)<br />
1925 1930 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025<br />
+ 11,692 MW<br />
+ 1,599 MW<br />
Case 2: 35% NG CHP Goal<br />
Case 1: Business-as-Usual<br />
27
High Capacity Levels are Achievable<br />
Texas Case 2<br />
Texas Case 1<br />
28
Potential (MW)<br />
9,000<br />
8,000<br />
7,000<br />
6,000<br />
5,000<br />
4,000<br />
3,000<br />
2,000<br />
1,000<br />
0<br />
Laundry and Car<br />
Wash Services<br />
Texas CHP Potential<br />
Economic Potential ~ 13,400 MW<br />
Recreation<br />
Hospital/Inpatient<br />
Health<br />
Nursing<br />
Home/Assisted<br />
Living<br />
Colleges and<br />
Universities<br />
All Other<br />
Commercial<br />
Chemical<br />
Manufacturing<br />
Primary Metal<br />
Manufacturing<br />
Nonmetallic<br />
Mineral Product<br />
Manufacturing<br />
Commercial Industrial<br />
Food<br />
Manufacturing<br />
Technical<br />
Economic<br />
Paper<br />
Manufacturing<br />
All Other<br />
Industrial<br />
Source: Summit Blue 2008<br />
http://gulfcoastcleanenergy.org/Portals/24/Reports_studies/Summit%20Blue%20CHP%20Study%20to%29
Source: EEA, Inc. (2005)<br />
< 1 MW 1-5 MW 5-20 MW > 20 MW Total<br />
Commercial 3,738 2,619 1,831 544 8,732<br />
Industrial 1,099 2,184 3,158 4,631 11,072<br />
Total 4,837 4,803 4,989 5,175 19,804<br />
– Agricultural: 420 MW [GC RAC 2008]<br />
– Waste Heat Recovery: 1,800 MW [GC RAC estimate]<br />
30
Candidate <strong>Application</strong>s for CHP<br />
• Commercial/Institutional<br />
– Hospitals<br />
– Schools<br />
– Office Buildings<br />
– Data <strong>Center</strong>s<br />
• Industrial<br />
– Manufacturing<br />
– Food Processing<br />
– Ethanol<br />
• Municipalities<br />
– Landfills<br />
– Wastewater Treatment Facilities<br />
• Agriculture<br />
– Livestock Waste<br />
– Crops<br />
31
• Glass<br />
• Cement<br />
• Chemicals<br />
• Incinerators<br />
• Pulp & Paper<br />
• Manufacturing<br />
• Primary Metals<br />
• Food Processing<br />
• Fabricated Metals<br />
• Rubber & Plastics<br />
• Petroleum Refining<br />
• Wastewater Treatment<br />
• Natural Gas Processing Plants<br />
• Natural Gas Compressor Stations<br />
32
• Hotels<br />
• Prisons<br />
• Airports<br />
• Hospitals<br />
• Universities<br />
• Data <strong>Center</strong>s<br />
• Grocery Stores<br />
• Wastewater Treatment<br />
• Refrigerated Warehouses<br />
• Emergency Management Facilities<br />
• Homeland Security & Sanctuary Locations<br />
33
Large CHP<br />
>20 MW<br />
Existing Industrial Market<br />
• Improved performance<br />
• Utilize waste more heat recovery<br />
• Overcome external barriers<br />
Over 100 new systems<br />
82 GW<br />
160 GW<br />
Mid CHP<br />
1 MW to 20 MW<br />
Fast-Growth Market<br />
• Technology for new applications<br />
• Packaged systems<br />
• Demonstrations to make the<br />
business case<br />
Over 500 new systems<br />
Small CHP<br />
◦ Texas A&M University (College Station) 34 MW 2011<br />
◦ Methodist Hospital (<strong>Houston</strong>) 4.3 MW 2010<br />
◦ TECO – Texas Medical <strong>Center</strong> (<strong>Houston</strong>) 48 MW 2010<br />
◦ BP Rodeo and Helios <strong>Center</strong> (<strong>Houston</strong>) 4.3 MW 2010<br />
◦ BP Texas City Refinery 250 MW 2010<br />
◦ Targa Resources (Mont Belvieu) 14 MW 2009<br />
◦ The University of Texas at Austin (Austin) 34 MW 2009<br />
◦ Dell Children’s Hospital (Austin) 4.3 MW 2007
Criteria Current CHP CHP with 35% Goal<br />
Year 2011 2025<br />
Portion of Electrical Supply 20 percent 35 percent<br />
Total CHP Capacity 16,900 MW 28,000 MW<br />
Avg Size of Facility 135 MW<br />
No. of Facilities 125<br />
25-50 MW, although many<br />
facilities less than 20 MW<br />
200+ large industrial units,<br />
potentially 500+ smaller systems<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> Produced 83 million MWh 177 million MWh<br />
Ind. Waste Heat Recovery A handful of projects Much more common<br />
Commercial/Institutional<br />
CHP Projects<br />
Large universities and a<br />
hand-full of hospitals<br />
Possibly 500-2000 projects in the<br />
0.1-20 MW range<br />
Agricultural Waste A handful of projects Much more common 36
Project Examples
Existing TECO plant efficiency<br />
= 40%<br />
o 16 MW onsite generation<br />
o 80,000 tons chilled water<br />
o 750,000 lbs/hr steam packaged<br />
boilers<br />
--------------------------<br />
Post-CHP TECO plant<br />
efficiency = 80%<br />
o 100 MW CHP Plant<br />
o 152,000 ton-hrs chilled water storage<br />
tank (16,000 tons)<br />
o 540,000 lbs/hr heat recovery steam<br />
generator<br />
o Displaced load and duty on existing<br />
boilers 38
60 MW CHP Plant<br />
o 5 MW – Electricity<br />
o 55 MW – Equivalent Steam<br />
3 Heat Recovery Steam<br />
Generators<br />
o 2.5 mile steam pipeline<br />
o 400,000 lb/hr steam export<br />
Annual Reductions<br />
o 5 trillion BTUs<br />
o 280,000 tons CO2<br />
o 200 tons NOx<br />
39
Calpine Deer Park<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Center</strong> –<br />
Shell Refinery<br />
Industrial Cogeneration<br />
40
4.3 MW CHP Plant<br />
• Gas Turbine<br />
• Heat Recovery Steam Generator<br />
• 1350 ton absorption chiller<br />
• 4,000 ton-hr thermal energy storage<br />
Dual electrical feeds<br />
• Base load from Gas Turbine<br />
• 100 kW from utility<br />
First LEED Platinum Bldg - <strong>Houston</strong><br />
41
4.5 MW (nominal) CHP Plant<br />
o Gas turbine<br />
o HSRG w/duct burner<br />
o 50,000 lbs/hr of steam production<br />
o Steam Chiller – 2800 tons<br />
Drivers<br />
o Campus expansion<br />
o Emergency preparedness<br />
70% NOx reductions<br />
<strong>Energy</strong> Efficiency Incentive from <strong>Center</strong>Point<br />
<strong>Energy</strong><br />
42<br />
42
Annual CO2<br />
Emissions (Tons)<br />
400,000<br />
350,000<br />
300,000<br />
250,000<br />
200,000<br />
150,000<br />
100,000<br />
50,000<br />
CHP Plant Projects and Utility<br />
Improvements<br />
Return to 1977 Carbon Emission & Fuel Levels<br />
9 million sf vs. 17 million sf<br />
184 million kWh vs 372 million kWh<br />
Year<br />
43
Microturbine CHP<br />
Heat Recovery<br />
44
Microturbine CHP :<br />
Absorption Chilling<br />
45
Eastern<br />
Municipal<br />
Water District<br />
HQ<br />
Perris, CA<br />
Chiller Retrofit:<br />
8 -- 60 kW<br />
microturbine<br />
generators<br />
150 ton single<br />
effect hot<br />
water<br />
absorption<br />
chiller<br />
46
Reagan Library-<br />
Simi Valley: Three, UTC Pure Comfort Systems<br />
15 -- 60 kW MTG + three absorption chillers (~500 RT)<br />
1 -- 60 kW turbine + hot water<br />
47
CHP <strong>Application</strong> Hospital 48
Packaged CHP Systems<br />
Cummins<br />
49
Packaged CHP Systems<br />
250kW Molten Carbonate FC<br />
650 F exhaust<br />
50
Packaged CHP Systems<br />
1 MW Fuel Cell <strong>Energy</strong> system at CSUN<br />
51
Questions
U.S. <strong>DOE</strong> <strong>Gulf</strong> <strong>Coast</strong> <strong>Clean</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> <strong>Application</strong> <strong>Center</strong><br />
Independent CHP assistance, resources, information and Links<br />
www.gulfcoastcleanenergy.org<br />
<strong>US</strong> Department of <strong>Energy</strong> CHP Program<br />
www.eere.energy.gov/de/<br />
<strong>US</strong> Environmental Protection Agency CHP Partnership<br />
www.epa.gov/chp<br />
Texas CHP Initiative (TXCHPI)<br />
www.txchpi.org<br />
<strong>US</strong> <strong>Clean</strong> Heat and Power Association (<strong>US</strong>CHPA)<br />
http://uschpa.admgt.com<br />
International District <strong>Energy</strong> Association (IDEA)<br />
www.districtenergy.org<br />
53
Dan Bullock, MS, MPAff<br />
Director<br />
281-364-6087<br />
dbullock@harc.edu<br />
Krishnan Umamaheswar, LEED AP , CEM, CDSM<br />
Project Support<br />
281-363-7906<br />
ukrishnan@harc.edu<br />
Ross Tomlin, MPAff<br />
<strong>Clean</strong> <strong>Energy</strong> Policy<br />
281-363-7922<br />
rtomlin@harc.edu<br />
Ginny Jahn<br />
Administrative Support<br />
281-364-6051<br />
gjahn@harc.edu<br />
54
April 21 – TXCHPI Legislative Update<br />
April 27 – Streamlining Project<br />
Development<br />
May 5 – CHP: Benefits & Basics<br />
(repeat)<br />
May 12 – TBD<br />
May 26 – WHR for Cement and Kiln<br />
<strong>Application</strong>s<br />
Go to www.<strong>Gulf</strong><strong>Coast</strong><strong>Clean</strong><strong>Energy</strong>.org > News & Events > Webinars<br />
GC RAC webinars<br />
Frequent<br />
Free<br />
CEUs/PDHs<br />
Archived<br />
Suggest a topic<br />
55
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