Composites can be manufactured using either resin transfer ...

Figure 4.9. Experimental results comparing the Lamb wave response of an undamaged
coupon and a coupon with an embedded crack for: a) a [016]T composite coupon and b)
a [06/904/06]T composite coupon. .............................................................................................24
Figure 5.1. FE model of a composite coupon representing the load and boundary
conditions for a pull test. ..........................................................................................................26
Figure 5.2. Abaqus results showing the von Mises stress contour legends of the
longitudinal and transverse stresses (in Pa) for a composite coupon modeled with S4R
elements under an axial displacement load. .............................................................................27
Figure 5.3. FE model of a composite plate meshed with 2D shell elements representing
the load and boundary conditions. ...........................................................................................29
Figure 5.4. Abaqus results showing the deflection contour plot for a 2D shell composite
plate under uniform transverse pressure load. .........................................................................29
Figure 5.5. FE model of a composite plate meshed with 3D brick elements representing
the load and boundary conditions. ...........................................................................................30
Figure 5.6. Abaqus results showing the deflection contour plot for a 3D brick composite
plate under uniform transverse pressure load. .........................................................................30
Figure 5.7. 3D FE model of an aluminum beam representing load and boundary
conditions for the dynamic simulation test. .............................................................................32
Figure 5.8. Abaqus results showing the deflection contour plot and legend for the
dynamic simulation test in m. ..................................................................................................33
Figure 5.9. Comparison of exact deflection solution and Abaqus solution for an
aluminum beam meshed with 2 elements and subjected to a dynamic load. ...........................34
Figure 5.10. Comparison of exact deflection solution and Abaqus solution for an
aluminum beam meshed with 4 elements and subjected to a dynamic load. ...........................34
Figure 5.11. Comparison of exact deflection solution and Abaqus solution for an
aluminum beam meshed with 8 elements and subjected to a dynamic load. ...........................35
Figure 5.12. a) Abaqus stress contour plot for a composite coupon with two cracks
under an axial load and b) an enlarged and exaggerated view near the crack showing the
crack opening. ..........................................................................................................................37
Figure 5.13. Comparison of shear lag model and Abaqus model results for a composite
coupon with two transverse cracks. .........................................................................................37
Figure 5.14. Material properties of piezoelectric actuators/sensors used in this study. ........... 38
Figure 5.15. Pictorial representations of [016]T and [06/904/06]T composite coupons with
an embedded crack in the middle four plies. ...........................................................................39
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