Five year integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics.pdf

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN 

LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 

(CELOS) 

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS OF 

Five Year Integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics 

COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF 

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 

COCHIN - 682 022 

2007

Contact Address 

Director, 

Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronic Sciences, 

Cochin University of Science and Technology, 

Cochin-682022. 

Phone: 0484 - 2577540

INTEGRATED M.Sc. COURSE IN PHOTONICS 

Taking into consideration of the importance of the new and emerging subject of Photonics, 

Cochin University of Science and Technology took steps to conduct an integrated Masters Programme 

in Photonics under the faculty of technology. The five year integrated M.Sc. Degree course in 

Photonics is being offered by the Center of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronic Sciences 

(CELOS) which has been established in this university through a special grant intended for this 

purpose from UGC. The activities under the CELOS have been jointly proposed by the International 

School of Photonics (ISP), Department of Physics and Department of Electronics of CUSAT. The 

M.Sc. course is a salient part of the activities under the CELOS programme sponsored by UGC. 

Photonics is a Hi-Tech subject that has evolved as a result of the fusion of optical technology 

with electronics. Its deep impact in areas like communication, computing and control as well as in 

fields like medicine, industry, defense and entertainment has made Photonics as an independent 

subject on its own right. The present M.Sc. course has been designed in such a way that it includes 

the essential subjects like Physics, Mathematics, Electronics, Applied Optics, Quantum Optics, 

Instrumentation and Computer Science which makes this a virtually stand alone course. 

Scope of the course 

Recent advances in Photonics technology for imaging, health care and consumer electronics 

have contributed unprecedented progress in every sphere of human activities. Photonics based 

companies and R&D institutions are growing day by day who need people trained in photonics and 

allied areas.

CONTENT Page No. 

Semester I 11 

Semester II 16 

Semester III 22 

Semester IV 27 

Semester V 32 

Semester VI 37 

Semester VII 40 

Semester VIII 43 

Semester IX 45 

Semester X 57

Centre of Excellence in Lasers and Optoelectronics Sciences 

Cochin University of Science and Technology 

Integrated MSc Degree in Photonics — The course structure: 

( Applicable from I st semester of 2007 admission and from the 7 th semester of the batches 

from 2004 admissions onwards) 

SEMESTER I 

Course Subject Work/week 

Marks 

Lecture Lab Tutorial 

Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL1101 Mechanics and 

50 50 

Wave Phenomena 3 1 3 

100 

CEL1102 Electricity and 

Magnetism 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CELT 103 Optics I- 

Geometrical 

Optics 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1104 Mathematics I 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CELI105 Statistical Methods 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1106 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150 

CEL1107 Communicative 

English 

2 1 2 100 100 

Total for Semester I 17 6 6 20 500 250 750 

SEMESTER II 


Marks 


Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL1201 Electronics I- Basic 

50 50 

Electronics 3 1 3 

100 

CEL1202 Optics II -Physical 

Optics 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1203 Mathematics II 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1204 Classical Mechanics 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1205 Nuclei, Particles and 

Beams 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1206 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150 

CEL1207 History of Science 

and Technology 1 1 1 50 50 

Total for Semester II 16 6 6 19 450 250 700 

5 

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES

SEMESTER III 

Course Subject 

Work/week 

Marks 

(modified ) 


Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL1301 Electronics II 

50 50 

Analog and Digital 

1 3 

100 

Electronics 3 

CEL1302 Optics III- Optical 

50 50 

Instrumentation 3 1 3 

100 

CEL1303 Thermodynamics 

50 50 

and Statistical 

Mechanics 

3 1 3 

100 

CEL1304 Mathematics III 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1305 Atomic 

50 50 

Spectroscopy 3 1 3 

100 

CEL1306 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150 

CEL1307 Seminar 1 1 50 50 

Total for Semester III 16 6 5 19 450 250 700 

SEMESTER IV 


Marks 


Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL1401 Electronics III 

50 50 

Microprocessors 

and their 

Applications 

3 1 3 

100 

CEL1402 Computer Science 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1403 Quantum 

Mechanics I 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1404 Electomagnetic 

Theory and 

Relativistic 

Phenomena 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1405 Mathematics IV 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1406 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150 

CEL1407 Workshop 1 1 100 100 

CELI408 Seminar I I 50 50 

Total for Semester II 17 6 5 20 550 250 800 

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE iN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 6

SEMESTER V 


Marks 


Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL1501 Optics IV -Applied 

Optics 

3 

1 3 

50 50 

100 

CEL1502 Electronics IV- 

50 50 

Electronic 

Instrumentation 

3 1 3 

100 

CEL1503 Quantum 

Mechanics II 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1504 Materials Science 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1505 Molecular 

Spectroscopy 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1506 LabNiva 6 3 100+50 150 

CEL1507 Seminar 1 1 50 50 

Total for Semester V 16 6 5 19 450 250 700 

SEMESTER VI 


Marks 


Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL1601 Photonics I- 

50 50 

Optoelectronics 3 1 3 

100 

CEL1602 Photonicsll-Fibre 

Optics 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1603 Photonicslll-Laser 

Physics 

3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL1604 Project/Viva 12 4 200 200 

CEL1605 Lab/Viva 6 3 100+50 150 

Total for Semester VI 9 18 3 16 500 150 650 

Total for Semester I-VI 113 2900 1400 4300 

7 

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRON'ICS SCIENCES

SEMESTER VII 

( course number of electives 2EX1- 2EX7 correspond to course numbers of electives chosen from 

the list of electives given separately. For example if 2E01 Network analysis and Communication 

Engineering and 2E03 Optical Sensor Technology are given as the Elective I and Elective II 

respectively in the VII semester then CEL 2EX 1 and CEL 2EX2 will be CEL 2E01 and 2E03 

respectively ) 

Code Title Hrs/wk 

Marks 

Theory Lab Tutorial 

Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL2701 Advanced Solid 

state theory 

4 1 4 50 50 100 

CEL2702 Laser systems & 

50 50 

Laser 

Applications 

4 1 4 

100 

CEL2EX I Elective I 

50 50 

3 1 3 

100 

CEL2EX2 Elective II 

50 50 

3 1 3 

100 

CEL2703 Lab I Electronics 4 

2 100 100 

CEL2704 Lab II- 

Mathematical 

Modelling & 

Simulation 

4 2 100 100 

CEL2705 Seminar/Viva 1 1 100 100 

Total for Semester VII 15 8 4 19 500 200 700 

SEMESTER VIII 


Marks 


Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL2801 

4 I 4 50 50 100 

CEL2802 

Nonlinear Optics 

Digital Signal 

50 50 

Processing and 

Optical Signal 

Processing 

4 1 4 

100 

CEL2EX3 Elective III 

50 50 

3 1 3 

100 

CEL2EX4 Elective IV 

50 50 

3 1 3 

100 

CEL2803 La b I Electronics 4 

2 100 100 

CEL2804 Lab II 

Photonics 

4 2 100 100 


Total for Semester VIII 15 8 4 19 500 200 700 

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 8

SEMESTER IX 


Marks 


Credit 

IE UE Total 

CEL2901 Optical 

Communication 

4 1 4 50 50 100 

CEL2902 Lab I 

Fibre Optics Lab 4 2 100 100 

CEL2903 Lab II 

Photonics Lab 4 2 100 100 


CEL 2EX5 Elective V 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL 2EX6 Elective VI 3 1 3 50 50 100 

CEL 2EX7 Elective VII 3 1 3 50 50 100 

Total for Semester IX 14 8 4 18 500 200 700 

ELECTIVES 

CEL 2E01 Network Analysis and Communication Engineering 

CEL 2E02 Discrete mathematics and Wavelets Theory 

CEL2E03 Optical Sensor Technology 

CEL 2E04 Advanced Electromagnetic Theory 

CEL2E05 Optical Computing 

CEL2E06 Microwave Photonics 

CEL2E07 Atom Optics 

CEL2E08 

Laser Spectroscopy 

CEL2E09 Quantum Optics 

CEL2E10 Photonics Materials 

CEL2E11 Optomechanical Engineering 

CEL2E12 Industrial Photonics 

CEL2E13 Biophotonics 

CEL2E 14 Nanophotonics 

CEL2E15 Advanced Laser Systems 

9 


SEMESTER I 

CEL 1101 MECHANICS AND WAVE PHENOMENA 

Reading Section : Dimensional analysis, vectors and scalars, vector algebra, unit vectors, linearly 

independent and linearly dependent vectors, velocity, acceleration and force vectors. 

MODULE 1 

Motion along straight line — velocity, acceleration, velocity-time graph. Newton's laws of motion, 

equations of motion, motion in two and three dimensions — projectiles. Force, work and energy, 

energy conservation, work-energy theorem. 

System of particles — Newton's law for system of particles, collisions, conservation of linear 

momentum, impulse,elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions. 

MODULE 2 

Rigid body dynamics — angular velocity and angular acceleration, angular momentum, torque. 

Newton's laws for rotational motion, angular momenta for systems of particles, conservation of 

angular momentum. 

Requirements of equilibrium, centre of gravity, Newton's laws of gravitation, gravitation near the 

surface of earth and inside the surface of earth, gravitational potential energy, central force, reduced 

mass, Kepler's law. 

MODULE 3 

Oscillations- simple harmonic motion, simple pendulum and its equation of motion,spring and 

spring constant, Hookes law, work done by a spring, circular motion as SHM, damped and forced 

oscillations, resonance. 

MODULE 4 

Waves — Transverse and longitudinal waves, traveling and standing waves, energy and power in 

traveling waves, phase and group velocities, superposition, interference and dispersion of waves. 

Sound waves — traveling sound waves, intensity and sound levels, Doppler effect in sound and 

light, sound pollution. 

Advanced Reading : Acoustics of music, concert hall acoustics, mechanics of sports. 

REFERENCES: 

Fundamentals of Physics — Resnik, Halliday and Krane, John Wiley and Sons, 5th Edition(2002) 

Feynman Lectures Vol I , Narosa Publishing House (2002) 

Classical Mechanics — Rana and Joag, Tata Mc. Graw Hill (1992) 

Mechanics — D S Mathur, S Chand & Company (2004) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1102 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 

Electric Charge: conductors and insulators, Coulomb's law, quantisation and conservation of charge, 

Millikan's oil drop experiment. 

11 

rtse-V-P en-0212-q- r 

NTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES

Electric field: field lines, field due to point charge, electric dipole, line of charge and charged 

disc, point charge in an electric field, dipole in an electric field. 

Gauss' Law: Flux of electric field, Gauss Law, Gauss' law in cylindrical planar and spherical 

symmetry 

MODULE 2 

Electric potential, equipotential surfaces, Potential due to point charge, group of point charges 

and due to electric dipole, Van de Graff generator, Capacitance, capacitors in series and parallel 

connections, storing energy in an electric field, capacitor with dielectric. 

Electric Current, current density, Resistance and Resistivity, Ohm's Law, Energy and power in 

electric circuits, semiconductors, emf, potential differences, RC circuits. 

MODULE 3 

Magnetic Field, the definition of B, Hall effect„ Magnetic force on a current carrying wire, torque 

and current on a current loop, magnetic dipole, Ampere's Law, Solenoids 

Faraday's Law of induction, Lenz's Law, induced electric field, Inductance, Self and Mutual 

induction, RL circuits, Energy stored in a magnetic field, Magnetism of earth, Para, Dia and Ferro 

magnetism. 

MODULE 4 

LCR oscillators, Damped and forced LCR oscillators, Resonance, Series and parallel LCR circuits. 

Alternating currents, Transformer-characteristics, equivalence circuits, design and construction 

of transformer, transmission of electric current 

DC and AC generators, single and three phase generators, choke coil and its uses, Power factor, 

AC and DC bridges, Anderson's Bridge. 

Constant voltage and current sources, BG, Multimeter. 

Advanced Reading : Bio-electricity, signal propagation through nerve cells, EEG 

REFERENCES 

Fundamentals of Physics —Resnik, Halliday and Walker, John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition 

(1994) 

Electricity and Magnetism- D N Vasudeva, S.Chand and Company, (2002) (Text). 

Basic electrionics — B L Thereja, S Chand and company, 5 th Edition (2003) 

Feynman Lectures on Physics Vol II — Feynman, Leighton, Sands, Narosa Publishers (2003) 

5. Electricity and Magnetism — R Murugesan, S Chand and Company, 4th Edition ( 2001). 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1103 OPTICS I - GEOMETRICAL OPTICS 

Nature of light, Light as waves, rays and photons, Refractive index, velocity of light. Foucolt's, 

Anderson's, Houston's and Kerr Cell methods to measure velocity of light. Photometry- 

Radiomertic and Photometric units, inverse square law, Lambert's Law, Lummer, Flicker and 

photovoltaic photometers. 


MODULE 2 

Fermat's principle, Laws of reflection and refraction form Fermat's Principle, Total internal 

Reflection, Prism, Minimum deviation, achromatism in prisms, dispersion without deviation, 

normal and anomalous dispersion, Wood's experiment. 

MODULE 3 

Refraction and Reflection by spherical surfaces, Thin lens, converging, diverging and cylindrical 

lenses, Lens equations, aplanatic points, Combination of lenses, F number of a lens, Power of a 

lens. Aberrations-Spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism, distortion, chromatic aberration. 

MODULE 4 

Matrix methods in Optics- Paraxial rays, Matrix representation of translation, refraction, reflection 

of light rays, ABCD law, lens wave guide. 

Spectrometer, Prism, Spectrograph, Telescopes-Resolving power, Types of telescopes, optical 

telescope, radio telescopes, Microscopes-Resolving power and magnifying power. 

Advanced Reading : Optics and Photonics in nature. 

REFERENCES 

Fundamentals of Physics- Resnik, Halliday, Krane, John Wiley and Sons, 5 th Edition, (2002) 

Textbook of Optics —Ajoy Ghatak, Tata Mc Grow Hill, 2" Edition ( 1992) 

A text book of Optics — N Subrahmanian and Brijtlal, S Chand and Company , 22 nd Edition, 

(1997 )(Text) 

Feynman Letures Vol I - Narosa Publishing House (2003) 

Handbook of Optics Vol I and Vol II - Michael Bags (ED), Mc Graw Hills (1995) 

Modern Engineering Physics- A S Vasudeva, S Chand and Company, 2" Edition (2003) 

Matrix methods in geometrical optics.- A W Joshi 

Optics and Atomic physics — Sathyaprakash, Rathan Prakashan Mandir Agra (1993) 

CEL 1104 MATHEMATICS I 

Reading Section : Differentiation and integration of simple functions 

MODULE 1 

Differential calculus : Differentiation of hyperbolica and inverse hyperbolic functions. Statement 

and applications of Leibnitz theorem, LMV theorem, Taylor's and Mclaurin's theorems (no 

proof). Application to expansion functions- L'Hospital's Rule and its applications. 

Partial differentiation — Partial derivatives and total differential coefficients. Euler's theorem on 

homogenous function (no proof) chain rule for partial derivatives, errors and approximations. 

MODULE 2 

Integral calculus — Integration by parts, definite integral, multiple integrals. Applications of 

differentiation and integration — Equations of lengths of tangents, normal, radius of curvature, 

envelopes, rectification of curves. Volume of a solid of revolution, areas of surface of revolution. 


Ordinary Differential equations — First order equation, variables separable, homogeneous and 

nonhomogeneous equations, integrating factor, Bernoulli's equations, enact equations, second 

order linear differential equations with constant coefficients. Complimentary function and 

particular integral, solution using auxiliary equation. 

MODULE 4 

Partial differential equations — Derivation of PDE by elimination of arbitrary constants and arbitrary 

coefficients. Concept of Jacobian. Solution of Lagranges Differential equations, Partial differential 

equation of the second degree, Laplace, Helmholtz and Poisson equations. 

REFERENCES 

MODULE 1 

Calculus Vol I & Vol II — Manicavachgom Pillai, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.,(2000) (Text) 

Differential Calculus — Shanti Narayan, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.,(2000) (Text) 

Differential Calculus — Joseph Edwards, AIIBS Publishers,( 2001) 

Integral Calculus — Joseph Edwards 

Mathematical Physics — P K Chadopadhyaya 

Mathematical Methods for Physicists — G B Arfken, H I Weber, Academic Press, (2001) 

A text book of Mathematical Physicss — P K Chakrabarti, S N Kundu Books and Allied Pub. 

Calcutta 

Mathematical Methods in Classical & Quantum Physics — Tulsi Das, S K Sharma, University 

Press 

CEL 1105 STATISTICAL METHODS 

Probability spaces : conditional and independence, random variables and random distributions, 

marginal and conditional distributions 

Curve fitting and principle of least squares, linear and quadratic curves, simple linear regression 

and correlation. 

MODULE 2 

Independent random variables, mathematical expectation, mean and variance, binomial, Poissons 

and normal distributions, law of large numbers. 

MODULE 3 

Central limit theorem(no proof), sampling distribution and test for mean using T-distribution, c2 

and F distributions. 

MODULE 4 

Time series analysis, Stationarity and nonstationarity, autocorrelation function 

Testing statistical hypothesis — significance level, Neyman-Pearson theorem (no proof) and some 

of its simple applications, large sample test, standard error, tests based on T, c 2 and F. 


REFERENCES 

Probability and Statistics for Engineering and Sciences — J L Devore, Brooks, California (1987) 

Probability and Statistics — Schaum Series, McGraw Hill (2004) 

Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics — S C Gupta and V K Kapoor, S Chand & Co. 

Statistical Methods — S P Gupta, S Chand & Co. (Text) 

5. Time series analysis — G E P Bor, G M Jenkins 

CEL 1106 LABNIVA 

CEL 1107 COMMUNICATIVE ENGLISH 

Elements of effective writing, methods of written exposition, art of condensation 

Writing technical articles, proposals, research papers, reports, manuals and letters 

Practical communicative Skills 

Preparation and use of graphic aids 

Technical Editing and Proof Reading 

REFERENCES 

Technical Writing — J M Lannon 

Sentence Skills — A workbook for writers — John Langon 

3. New International Business English — Leo Jones, Richard Alexander 

15 CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES

MODULE 1 

SEMESTER II 

CEL 1201 ELECTRONICS —I BASIC ELECTRONICS 

Diodes and their applications: 

Conductors, insulators and semiconductors, Elements of semiconductor physics, p-type and ntype 

semiconductors, pn junction diode, diode equation, operation and characteristics of diode, 

Introduction to zener diode, photodiode, solar cell, varactor diode and LED. 

Rectification, ripple factor, Rectifiers-Halfwave, Fullwave and Bridge. Filters-Different types, 

Voltage multipliers, clippers, dampers. 

MODULE 2 

Transistors -BJTs, pnp and npn transistors, h-parameters, CE, CB, CC configuration, transistor 

characteristics, small signal analysis of BJT. 

Unipolar transistors: FET, FET parameters, JFET, MOSFET-operations and their characteristics 

MODULE 3 

Transistor biasing:-Need for biasing, faithful amplification, operating point, Stability factor 

(definition only), Biasing techniques-Base resistor, collector feedback, bias circuit with emitter 

resistor and voltage divider biasing. Voltage regulator using zener diode and transistor. 

Transistor amplifier- Classification of amplifiers, Transistor as an amplifier, CE, CC and CB 

amplifiers, multistage amplifiers, DC, RC, and transformer coupled amplifiers, Frequency response 

of RC coupled amplifier 

Power amplifiers-Class A, class B, and Class C operations, Push Pull amplifiers 

MODULE 4 

Feedback amplifiers: Positive and negative feedback, Advantages of using negative feedback, 

voltage series feedback, current series feedback, emitter follower 

Oscillators: classification, Barkhausen criteria, different types. Tuned collector oscillator, Colpitts 

oscillator, RC phase shift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator and crystal oscillator. 

REFERENCES 

1 Electronics devices and circuit theory- Robert Boylestead and Nasheleski ,Prentice Hall, (2004) 

2 Electronics devices and circuits —Allen Motershed, Prentice Hall India, (1973)(Text) 

3 Integrated Electronics- Millman and Halkias, Tata Mc Grow Hill, (1972) 

4 Fundamentals of Electronics- Ryder , Prentice Hall India, (1993)(Text) 

5 Principles of Electronics —V K Metha, S Chand & Co (2003) 

6 Basic Electronics and Linear circuits — N.N.Bhargava ,Tata Mc Grow Hill(1984) 


MODULE 1 

CEL 1202 OPTICS II - PHYSICAL OPTICS 

Superposition of two sinusoidal waves, path difference and phase difference, Analytical and 

graphical methods. Coherent sources, spatial and temporal coherence, complex representation of 

light waves, Interference of two monochromatic waves, optical beats. 

Theory of interference and bandwidth, Interference by division of wavefront, Young's double slit 

experiment, Fresnel's bi-prism, Llyod's minors. 

MODULE 2 

Interference by division of amplitude, two beam interference, parallel sided plates, colour of thin 

films, wedge shaped film, Newton's rings - reflected and transmitted systems, Radius of rings 

and expression for wavelength, Michelson interferometer, Determination of wavelength separation 

and standarization of meter. Types of fringes- localized and nonlocalised fringes in white light 

MODULE 3 

Diffraction-Fresnel's assumptions,Rectilinear propagation of light and Fresnel's theory,Frednel's 

zones, theoy of zone plate and its comparision with convex lens, Fresnel and Fraunhofer 

differactions- Fresnel's differaction at straight edge, Cornu's spiral —application to diffraction 

phenomena. Fraunhofer diffraction at single slit, Double slit and multiple slits, missing orders in 

double slit differaction pattern , theory of plain transmission grating- oblique and normal incidence, 

absence spectra, determination of wavelength of light using grating, dispersion and resolving 

power, Blazed gratings. 

MODULE 4 

Polarization , Experimental observation, Polarization by reflection and refraction, Brewster angle, 

Pile of plates, Biot's polariscope., Malus laws, Double refraction - Optic axis, Uniaxial and biaxial 

crystals, Geometry of calcite crystals, Nicol prism, Nicol as analyzer and polarizer. Huygen's 

explanation of double refraction, Quarter wave and Half wave plates, Production and detection 

of plane, elliptical and circular polarization of light. 

REFERENCE 

17 

Fundamentals of Physics —Resnik, Halliday, Krane , John Wiley and Sons, 5 th Edition, (2002). 

Textbook of Optics — Ajoy Ghatak, Tata McGraw Hill, 2 nd Edition, (1992) (Text) 

Text book of Optics — N Subrahmanian and Brijlal, S Chand and Company, 22 nd Edition, 

(1997) (Text) 

Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics —Jurgen R Meyer Arendt , Prentice Hall India 

2nd Ed(1988) 

Text book of optics —Satyaprakash, Rathan Prakashan Mandir Agra,(1993) 

Geometrical and Physical Optics- R S Longhrust, Orient Longman, 3 rd Edition,( 1999). 

Optics —Eugene Hecht, Addison Weseley Long Inc, 3 rd Edition,( 1998) 

Fundamentals of Optics — Jenkins and White, Mc Graw Hill Int. editions, 4th Edition,(1981). 


CEL 1203 MATHEMATICS — II 

Reading Section :Vector Algebra, Matrix Algebra 

MODULE 1 

Vector Calculus — Vector differentiation, Gradient, divergence and curl, Solenoidal and irrotational 

vector point functions. 

Vector integration, Line, surface and volume integration, Greens theorem, Gauss theorem and 

Stokes theorem (statements) Physical interpretations. 

MODULE 2 

Matrices — inverse of matrices, adjoint matrices (complex conjugate transpose) orthogonal, 

symmetric, skew symmetric, Hermitian and skew Hermitian matrices, elementary transformations 

of a matrix. 

MODULE 3 

Similarity and unitary transformation of matrices, diagonalisation of matrices, Eigen values and 

eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton Theorem, solution of algebraic equations using matrices consistent 

and inconsistent equations. 

MODULE 4 

Complex numbers — Eulers formula, De Moivre's theorem (no proof), nth root of complex number. 

Trigonometry — Expansion of sin nx, cos"x and tan nx, hyperbolic functions, separation into real 

and imaginary parts of sine, cosine, tangent, logarithmic and inverse tangent functions, summation 

of function using C+iS method. 

REFERENCES 

MODULE 1 

Calculus Vol I & Vol II — Manicavachgom Pillai, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.(2000) 

Differential Calculus — Shanti Narayanan, Vishwanathan Publishing Co.(,2000)(Text) 

Vector Analysis with introduction to Tensor analysis — Schaum Series, (1974) (Text) 

Trigonometry — S L Loney, S Chand & Co, (2002) 

Matrices - Shanti Narayanan, S Chand & Co.,(2002) 

Mathematical methods of Physics — G B Arfken, H J Weber, Academic Press(2001)(Text) 

A text book of Mathematical Physics — P K Chakrabarti, S N Kundu Books and Allied Pub. 

Calcutta 

Mathematical Methods in Classical & Quantum Physics — Tulsi Das, S K Sharma, University 

Press 

CEL 1204 CLASSICAL MECHANICS 

Frames of reference (basic ideas} Constraints, constrained motion and constraint force, generalized 

coordinates. Calculus of Variation. Hamilton's Principle. Lagranges equations of motion, 

Lagrangian and Lagrange's equations in simple cases like freely falling body, simple pendulum. 

harmonic oscillator 


MODULE 2 

Conjugate momenta, cyclic coordinates, conservation theorems and symmetry. Noether's 

theorem (no proof). Hamiltonian, relationship between Hamiltonian and Lagrangian. Energy 

conservation. 

MODULE 3 

Central force problem- reduction to equivalent one dimensional problem. Classification of orbits 

and stability condition for orbits. Kepler's laws. Kepler's laws using Lagrangian formulation. 

MODULE 4 

Lagrangian formulation of small oscillations and normal modes with special reference to CO, 

type molecules. 

Hamilton's equations of motions. Canonical transformations. Generating function. Poisson 

Brackets, fundamental PB. Equations of motion using Poisson Brackets, simple examples 

Advanced Reading;. Action -angle variables. Hamilton Jacobi equation. Rigid body dynamics- 

Euler's angles - equations of motion, symmetric top, Corioli's force. 

REFERENCES 

Classical Mechanics — Goldstein, Narosa Publishing Co. (1993) (Text) 

Classical Mechanics- Rana and Joag, Tata McGrawHill (1992) 

Modem Optics - R Guenther (for Lagrangian formulation of Optics),John Wiley Sons, (1990) 

Classical Mechanics - V B Bhatia, Narosa Pub.(1997) 

Classical Mechanics of particles and rigid bodies — Kiran C Gupta, Wiley Eastern Ltd.(1998) 

Mechanics — L. D Landau and E. N Lifshitz., Butterworth Heinemann,3 rd Ed (2002) 

7. Ciassical Mechanics — C R Mondal, Prentice Hall India, (2002) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1205 NUCLEI PARTICLE AND BEAMS 

Vector atom model, quantum numbers, Atomic nucleus, relationship between nuclear radius and 

mass number, Nuclear forces, nucleons, spin and isotropic sin, isotopes and isobars, isomers, 

mirror nuclei, stability of nuclei, binding energy, fission and fusion. 

Nuclear models-semi empirical mass formula, liquid drop model, shell model, magic numbers, 

Parity of nuclear states, Meson theory of nuclear forces . 

MODULE 2 

Radio activity, units, radio activity, alpha and beta decay, Gamow's theory, neutrino, Fermi's 

theory of beta decay, Radiation hazards. Nuclear fusion and fission. Particle detectors - electroscope, 

scintillator, bubble chamber, cloud chamber, ionization chamber, GM counter. 

Cosmic rays- Discovery, latitude, EW, altitude effects, primary and secondary cosmic rays, cosmic 

ray showers, Bhabha's theory, Pair production and annihilation, Positron and its discovery, 

discovery of pi and mu mesons and strange particles, van Allen belts, origin of cosmic rays, solar 

neutrino problem, neutrino oscillation and mass of neutrino. 

19 


MODULE 3 

Forces of nature and their unification (introductory ideas), Nuclear reactions, conserved qualities 

in nuclear reactions, Leptons, Baryons, Measons and Gauge particles, intrinsic and relative parity 

of elementary particles, Gellman- Nakano-Nishijima relation, fundamental particles and their 

classifications, Parity violation and CPT conservation, CP violation and neutral Kaon decay, 

eightfold way, quark structure. 

MODULE 4 

Nuclear reactor- critical condition, design aspects, classification, breeder reactor, effect of nuclear 

radiation on living systems, Nuclear reactors and environment protection. 

Particle accelerators -Van de Graff generator, Cyclotron, Synchrotron, Linear accelerator, 

Colliders. 

REFERENCES 

1 Introduction to Nuclear Physics- Herald A Enge ,Addison — Wesley Pub,( 1972) 

2 Nuclear Physics — Kaplan ,Narosa publishing House,(1962) 

3 Nuclear Radiation detectors- Price 

4 Modern Physics- Beiser, Tata Mc Graw Hill ,(2002)(Text) 

5 Particle hunters- Neeman, Y.Kirch ,Cambridge Univ Press 

6 Quantum Physics —Eisberg and Resnik, John Wiley and Sons ,2" Ed,( 2002) 

7 Elementary particles and symmetries- I H Ryder, Gordon and Breach, (1975)(Text) 

8 The cosmic onion-Quarks and nature of Universe- Frank Close, AIP (1983) 

9 Elements of Nuclear Physics- W.E Burcham, Longmans (1981). 

10 Modern Physics-Murugesan, S Chand and Co, (2001) (Text ) 

11 University Physics with Modern Physics — H D Young and R A Freedman, 11" Edition, 

(2004). 

12 Elements of Nuclear Physics — M L Pandya & R P S Yadav, 7 th Edition,( 2002) 

13 Nuclear Physics — D C Tayal ( 2003) 

CEL 1206 LAB/ VIVA 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1207 HISTORY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 

Emergence and character of science — The iron age, Science and Industry, Development of science 

in 18 th and 196 century, Science in 20" century, The birth of modern science. 

MODULE 2 

Astronomy in ancient India, Europe, Egypt and other civilizations. Some of the astronomical 

instruments. 

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 

20

MODULE 3 

Indian . contribution during ancient medieval period — Sulbasutras, decimal system, number 

representation (various alpha numeric systems), Contributions of Arybhata, Brahmagupta, 

Varahamihira, Bhaskara, Contribution by Kerala Mathematicians during th middle age —Madhava, 

Neelakanda, Jyeshtadeva. 

MODULE 4 

Introducing some of the classical works — eg: Aryabhatiyam, Opticks, Galileo's modern science, 

Principia of Newton. Topics in philosophy of science — works of Kanada, Francis Bacon, Thomas 

Kuhn, Karl Popper. 

Suggested Readings : 

Science in History (4 Vols) — J D Bernal (For module 1 ) 

Science in India (2 vols) — Indian National Science Academy 

Golden Age of Indain Mathematics — S Parameswaran 

Mathematics in ancient and medieval India — A G Bag (for module 3) 

The History of Science and Technology from ancient Greeks to scientific revolution — S 

Pangenburg, D K Moser, Univ Press (1993) 

Astronomy before the telescope : C Walker (Ed), British Museum Press 

(1996) (for module 2). 

Aryabhatiya of Aryabhata — K V Sharma(INSA 1976) 

The Sulbasutras — S N Sen and A K Bag(INSA 1983) 

History of Technology in India (INSA 2001). 

Histroy of Astronomy in India (INSA 2001) 

11. Websites on Histroy of Science and Technology 

21 


MODULE 1 

SEMESTER III 

CEL1301 ELECTRONICS-II 

ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 

The differential amplifier- Emitter coupled logic, Common mode and Differential mode gain, 

CMRR, Single ended AC voltage gain, double ended AC voltage gain Complementary output 

stage, Improves differential amplifier with constant current source. 

DC level shifter, Integrated circuits, semiconductor processes, Monolithic ICs, Resistor and 

capacitor design on ICs. 

MODULE 2 

Op-amps: Block diagram, Electrical parameters, input and output impedances, offset voltages 

and currents, characteristics of ideal op-amp, open loop configurations, inverting and non-inverting 

amplifiers, stabilization of gain by negative feedback, voltage follower, current to voltage converter, 

Inverter and other configurations. 

MODULE 3 

Applications of Op-amp-Analog circuits, Adding circuits, Integration and Differentiating circuits, 

Comparators, Zero crossing detector, Schmitt trigger, Logarithmic amplifier, voltage regulator 

using Op-amps, Analog computations, Basic ideas, active filters 

Digital fundamentals: the binary number system, octal and other codes, l's and 2's complements, 

Binary arithmetic, Boolean algebra, Boolean theorems, Synthesis of Boolean functions,-Logic 

gates, Fundamental logic operations. 

MODULE 4 

Universal gate(NAND & NOR), combinational logic circuits, Half adder, Full adder, Half subtractor 

and Full subtractor, the XOR gate, Karnaugh diagram, Multiplexer, Demultiplexer Logic families: 

DCTL, RTL, DTL NAND gate, TIT, NAND gate, ECL circuits, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS logics, 

MOS inverter circuits, NAND &NOR CMOS switches, CMOS transmission gate. 

REFERENCE 

1 Electronics Fundamental and Applications- J.D. Ryder,Prentice Hall, India (1993)(Text) 

2 Digital Fundamentals —Floyd,Universal Publications (3 rd Ed)(2001) 

3 Integrated Electronics- Milman & Halkias, Mc Graw Hill- Kogakusha(2003) (Text) 

4 Digital Principles & Applications- Malvino &Leach ,Tata Mc Graw Hill 5 th Ed(1995) 

5 Digital Electronics(circuits and systems) —S.N Ali.,Gelgotia Publications,2nd Ed (2002) 

6 Integrated Electronics- K.R Botkar ,Khana Publishers,9 6 Ed (1996) 

7 Digital Electronics- V.K Puri. Tata McGraw Hill (2006) 

8 Electronic Principles —Malvino,McGraw Hill 4 th Ed(1989) 

Op- Amps and Linear Integrated circuits- Ramakant A Gaykward PHI, (1999) 

Electronic Devices and Circuits- Milman and Halkias,Tata Mc Graw Hill Ed (1991) 


MODULE 1 

CEL 1302 OPTICS III — OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION 

Double beam Interferometry—Interference in a plane parallel plate and in a plate of varying 

thickness, Fizeau fringes, Mach-Zehnder Interferometer, Sagnac Interferometer, Interferometric 

measurements of rotation ,Channeled Spectra , Achromatic fringes, Fringes of equal thickness, 

Fringes of equal inclination, Fringes of equal chromatic order, Phol Interferometer. Speed of 

light and Michelson Morley experiment. 

MODULE 2 

Multiple beam Interferometry-multiple beam fringes of equal inclination ,visibility and Intensity 

distribution. Fabry–Perot Interferometer and Fabry–Perot etalon, resolving power and expression 

for finesse. Non–reflecting films , Highly reflecting films and Interference filters ,Broad band 

reflectors, band pass filters, dichroic beam spliters and cold minors. 

Wavefront shearing interferometers, Twyman- Green interferometer, Scanning Fabry- Perot 

Interferometer-central spot scanning, Spherical Fabry-Perot Interferometers, dynamic and static 

wavelength meters. 

MODULE 3 

Theory of concave grating, Mountings for gratings-various mounting techniques, Grating 

spectrographs, resolution and dispersive power of spectrographs, single beam and double beam 

monochromators, UV-VIS-NIR and IR Spectrometers, FT IR Spectrophotometer, Atomic 

Absorption Spectrophotmeter, Fluorometer. 

MODULE 4 

Adaptive optics-Wavefront sensor, Guided star systems, MEMS and Deformable minor and 

wavefront corrections, actuators, Adaptive optics and human eye, 

Imaging systems-Different types of projectors, LCD projectors, Endoscopes 

Camera, High speed camera, video camera 

Remote sensing and its applications- Radars and Lidars 

Confocal microscopes, Phase contrast microscopes. 

REFERENCES 

1 Optical interferometry- P Hariharan, Academic press (1985) 

2 Optical measurement techniques and applications - P.K Rastogi, Artech House(1997) 

3 Principles of Adaptive optics: -R.K Tyson, Academic press(1998) 

4 Optics – Eugene Hecht, Pearson Education Inc.,4 th Edition,( 2004) 

5 Basics of Interferometry - P Hariharan, Academic Press(1985) 

6 Wave optics and applications - R.S Sirohi ,Orient Longman, (1993) 

7 Geometrical and physical optics- R S Longhrust, Orient Longman, 3 rd Edition, (1991) 

8 Introduction to optics and optical imaging - C.Scott, S Chand Co, (1998) 

Principles of optics –Max Born and Emil Wolf ,Cambridge University Press,(1999) 

Light –Ditch Burn, ELBS, Blackie and Sons, 2 nd Edition, (1963) 

Handbook of Optics - Vol I and Vol II - Michael Bags (ED), Mc Graw Hills (1995) 

Fundamentals of Optics – Jenkins and White, Mc Graw Hill Int.editions, 4th Edition,( 1981). 


MODULE 1 

CEL1303 THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS 

Thermodynamic systems, thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic process and cycles, 

Equations of states, Laws of thermodynamics, Carnot's engine and Carnot's cycle, Carnot's 

theorem, Claussius theorem and inequality. 

Entropy_ Change in entropy in reversible and irreversible processes, Entropy of ideal gas. 

Temperature- entropy diagram, entropy and second law of thermo dynamics. Nernst Heat 

Theorem . 

MODULE 2. 

Maxwell's Thermodynamics relations. Clasius - Clapeyron equation, Thermodynamic Potential. 

Internal energy. Helmholtz function. Enthalpy, Gibbs function, Gibhs Helmholtz equations 

Phase transitions and critical phenomena - Phase diagram, first order phase transition. Clausius- 

Clapeyoron equation in the context of first order phase transition, Kirchhoff's equation, second 

order phase transition. Ehrnfesi's equations, liquid helium and superfluidity. 

MODULE 3 

Macroscopic and microscopic systems- its general descriptions, phase space, ensemble, 

microcanonical, canonical and grand canonical ensembles, density distribution in phase space. 

Liouville's theorem, volume conservation. 

MODULE 4 

Distribution laws - classical and quantum statistics, Maxwell-Baltzniann distribution. Velocity 

distribution, equipartition of energy, relationship between entropy and probability. Partition 

function of monoatomic gas. 

Quantum Statistics- Bose -Einstein and Fermi - Dirac distributions. Bosons and Fermions, 

Photons and Bose statistics. Planck's law from Bosc statistics. B-E condensation. Thermionic 

emission and F-D statistics. 

REFERENCES 

Theoretical chemistry - Glastone (Text) 

Thermodynamics - Zeemansky, Tata McGraw Hill (1997) (Text) 

Thermodynamics — Zeemansky, Tata McGraw Hill , 5 th Edition (1968). 

Statistical Mechanics - K Huang ,John Wiley & sons, (1963) 

Modern Thermo Dynamics-D Kondepadi. Ilya Prigogene, John Wiley sons (1998) 

Statistical Mechanics —Kamal singh 

7. Statistical Mechanics — R.K Pathria ,Butternorth-Heinemann ,(1972) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1304 MATHEMATICS 111 

Curvlinear coordinates- spherical and cylindrical coordinate systems, unit vectors line, area and 

volume elements, curl, divergence and gradient in curvilinear coordinates. Laplacian operator 


Tensors- Tensor Analysis - Definition, law of transformations, rank of tensor, covariant and 

contravariant tensors, algebra of tensors, lowering and raising of indices, contraction of tensors, 

fundamental tensors, metrics. 

Cartesian tensors, Stress, strain and Hooke's law and moduli of elasticity, Piezo electricity and 

dielectric susceptibility. 

MODULE 2 

Vector space - Field, definition of vector space, innerproduct, norm, dual vectors and dual space, 

Bra and ket notations, linearly independent and dependent vectors, orthonormal vectors. Schmidt's 

othogonalisation . basis, dimension, change of basis, linear operator, adjoint and hermitian 

operators, matrix representation of operators, similarity and unitary transformations. eigen value 

and eigen vectors, projection operator, function space. Hilbert space. 

MODULE 3 

Partial Differential equations- Separation of variables technique. Laplace's equation in 

rectangular, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates. 

Differential equations- Series solution, ordinary and singular points. examples, Frobenius 

method, examples. Green's function technique to solve differential equations. 

MODULE 4 

Sturm -Liouville Problem- Hermitian differential equations. Orthogonal functions. Legendre, 

Bessel and Hermite differential equations and their solutions, Legendre, Bessel and Hermite 

functions and their properties , Spherical Harmonics . 

Fourier Series. Beta and gamma functions. Properties of beta and gamma functions. Laplace 

transform, Laplace Transforms of some simple functions. Solving differential equations using 

LT. 

REFERENCES 

25 

Vector analysis with an introduction to tensor analysis- Murray R Speigel, Tata McCraw 

Hill (1975) 

Matrices and tensors for physicists- A W Joshi, New Age International (1995) 

Linear vector space - Hamos 

Mathematics for physicists and engineers-G B Arfken, Academic Press (2001) 

Mathematics for Physicists - Dennery and Kerzywiki 

Mathematical Methods for Physicists -GB Arfken, H J Weber, Academic Press (2001) 

A textbook of Mathematical Physics - P K Chakrabarti. SN Kundu Books and Allied Pub, 

Calcutta (1996) 

Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics Tulsi Dass. S K Sharma; 

University Press (1896) 

Mathematical Physics- Differential equations and Transform Theory, A K Ghatak, 1C Goyal. 

S J Chua McMillan India Ltd. (2002) 

Mathematical Physics (Parts 1.2 and 3)- J D Anand, P K Mittal, A Wadhwa Har, Anand 

Publications, ( 2003) 


MODULE 1 

CEL 1305 ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY 

Structure of atom, Rutherford model, alpha particle scattering, Bohr atom model, Bohr's 

interpretation of H-atom, Spectral series, Ritz combination principle, combination and 

intercombination series, Bohr's correspondence principle, Sommerfield relativistic atom model, 

Wilson-Sommerfiled modification, Vector atom model, Quantum numbers, Larmor theorem. 

Atomic orbitals and their shapes (no derivation). 

Coupling schemes- Spectral terms and terms symbols based on electron configuration 

LS coupling, jj couplings-Hund's rule of multiplicity, selection rules, Pauli's exclusion principle, 

Intensity rules. 

MODULE 2 

Symmetry of atomic states, equivalent and nonequivalent electrons, normal and inverted atoms, 

fine structure of doublet states-Sodium D1,D2 lines, Hydrogen structure, Fine structure of ionized 

helium, Expression for electron spin interaction, Lande Interval rule. 

ectra of one electron systems- Hydrogen and alkali atoms, Fine structure of alkali atoms, Hydrogen 

spectra- Hyperfine structure, Lande Interval rule, Lamb shift. 

Intensity of spectral lines, Spectra of two electron systems- Alkaline-earth atoms. 

MODULE 3 

Zeeman Effect, Anomalous and normal Zeeman effect, Lande's g factor, Zeeman effect in sodium 

atom, Experiment-Intensity distribution of Zeeman lines-BDO rule, Keiss and Megger's rule, 

Evaluation of Zeeman shift. 

Paschen-Back effect, splitting of sodium lines, selection rules. 

Zeeman and Paschen-back effect in Hydrogen. 

MODULE 4 

Stark effect-experiment- Stark effect in Hydrogen. Weak field and strong field effect- First order 

and second order stark effect in Hydrogen (qualitative ideas only) 

X-ray spectra- Mosely's law, practical applications of singlet oxygen. 

REFERENCES 

Atomic spectra —White, Tata Mc Graw Hill NY(1983) (Text) 

Atomic spectra and atomic structure — J Hertzberg ,Dover Publishers NY, 2' Edition, (1944) 

Spectroscopy Vol.I — Stroghen And Walker, John Wiley & Sons,(1976) 

Elements of Spectroscopy —Gupta , Kumar and Sharma, Pragathi prakashan Meerat, 

6th Ed (1983) 

Concepts of Modern Physics —Beiser ,Tata Mc Graw Hill ( 2003) 

Atomic and Molecular physics —C.L Arora (S Chand Publishing Company, 3 rd Edition, (2001) 

Quantum physics - Eisberg and Resnik ,John Wiley, 2' Ed (2002)(Text) 

Atomic spectra structure and Modern spectroscopy-D.K Rai, S. N Thakur,Vaivaswat 

Publication, Varanasi, 1" Ed (2005) 

CEL 1306 Lab /Viva 

CEL 1307 Seminar 


MODULE 1 

• 

SEMESTER IV 

CEL 1401 ELECTRONICS III 

MICROPROCESSORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS 

Flip-flop, RS latches, level clocking, D latcher, edge triggered D flip fops, JK flip flop, JK Master 

slave flip-flops. 

MODULE 2 

Registers and counters: Shift register, controlled shift registers, Ripple counters, decoding gates, 

synchronous counters, Ring counters, changing the counter modulus, decade counters. 

MODULE 3 

Basic D/A converter, variable, resister networks, binary ladders, A/D converters, counter method, 

successive approximation, dual slope A/D conversion, A/D accuracy and resolution, VCO, sample 

and hold circuits, Static RAMs, Dynamic RAMs. 

MODULE 4 

Microprocessors 8085: Block diagram, pin out diagram, instruction format, Addressing modes, 

Instruction types- Data transfer instruction, Arithmetic instructions, Logical instructions, Program 

control instructions, input output instructions, stack instructions, instruction timing and execution, 

timing diagrams ,Programming Microprocessors. 

Peripheral operations- Interrupt system, Serial input and Serial output, Programmed I/O ports, 

Memory interfacing, Direct Memory Access, DMA controller. 

REFERENCES 

Digital Electronic Principles- Malvino ,Tata McGraw Hill 4" Ed(1989)(Text) 

Microprocessor Architecture Programming and applications using 8085 - R.S Goanker, 

Prentice Hall India ,5" Ed (2006) 

Electronic Devices- Applications and Integrated circuits-Mathur Kulashreshta and 

Chandha, Umesh publications 

Digital principles and applications —Malvino & Leach,Tata Mc Grow Hil1,5" Ed(1995) (Text) 

5. Fundamentals of Micro processers and Microcomputers — B. Ram ,Bhantat Rai 

Publishers,6" Ed (2006)(Text) 

6 Microprocesser (8085) And its Applications-A. Nagoorkani, RBA Publications (2004) 

Digital Logic and Computer Design-M Morris Manno,PHI (1995) 

Fundamentals of digital circuits-A Anadan, PHI (2006) 

9. Digital circuits and design- S Salivahanan & S Arivazhavan, Vikas Pub. (2003) 

27 


MODULE 1 

CEL1402 COMPUTER SCIENCE 

Computers and peripherals: Definition of Computer — Computers for individual users, organizations 

& Society — Why are computers so important? — Parts of a computer system — Information 

processing cycle —hardware — Software —System and application software — data - computer users 

- Keyboard standards, functions of keyboard controller, keyboard buffer — Mouse, its parts, 

mechanical and optical mouse, functioning of mouse, trackballs, and track pads - Ergonomics and 

input devices, Avoiding Repetitive Stress Injuries - Pens — Touch Screens - Game Controllers — 

Bar Code Readers, Image Scanners, OCR — Microphones, input through MIDI, digital camera, 

video camera, Webcam, and camcoders — CRT Monitors, Flat-panel monitors (LCD), Paper-white 

displays, ELD, Plasma displays, Factors for comparing monitors, Video cards, Ergonomics and 

monitors, avoiding eyestrain and EMF health hazards, data projectors, sound systems, sound 

cards, head phones and head sets, bioacoustics - Printers, their types, factors for comparing printers, 

High-quality printers like Photo printers, Thermal-wax printers, Dye-Sublimation printers, Plotters, 

care and feeding of printers. 

MODULE 2 

Software: Algorithms, development of simple C programs — SDLC - Software engineering basics 

— Basics of Information and MIS. 

Processor & Storage: Number systems, EBCDIC, ASCII — ALU — Machine cycles — Nonvolatile, 

Volatile & Cache memories — Factors affecting processing speed — Bus and bus standards - Modern 

CPUs & manufacturers — RISC, CISC — Parallel processing —Serial, Parallel, SCSI, USB, IEEE 1394 

& MIDI ports— Expansion Slots and boards — PCMCIA — Plug and play — Magnetic Storage, 

types, capacities, tracks, sectors, How OS finds data on a disk?, FAT, FAT32, NTFS, NTFS5, 

HPFS — Floppy diskettes - Hot-swappable disks — tapes - Optical storage, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, 

CD-R, CD-RW, PhotoCD, DVD-R & DVD-RAM and their functioning — Solid state storage 

devices, Flash Memory, Smart cards, SSD — Average access time, Data transfer rate, Optimizing 

disk performance - Drive-interface standards. 

MODULE 3 

Operating Systems & Utilities: OS types, OS services, OS enhancement with utility software, 

defragmentation, data compression, backup, antivirus, firewall, intrusion detection, OSs like DOS 

workstations, Windows -9x, -2000, -XP, Mac, UNIX, Linux, Network OSs like Windows-NT 

server, Windows-server-2003, and Novell Netware, Embedded OSs, Word processing, spreadsheet, 

presentation programs, graphic and multimedia apps, file formats and compatibility issues, DBMS 

basics, COM / DCOM basics in OSs and computer languages. 

MODULE 4 

Networking and other computing issues: Networking basics & objectives, LAN, WAN, CAN, 

MAN, HAN, Intranets, Extranets, Server-based networks, Client-Server networks, Peer-to-peer 

networks, cyberslacking, Network topologies and protocols, cables, wireless media, NIC, Hubs, 

Bridges, Switches, Routers, Gateways, Cabling equipments, Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit 

Ethernet, Data communication with modem, Broadband, DSL, cable modem, ISDN, ATM, wireless 

networks 802.11, wireless access point, wireless adapter - History of the Internet - major services 

of the Internet, WWW, e-mail, How web works, Web browsers, HTML tags, URL, helper apps, 

multimedia content - Tools for searching the web, Boolean operators for searching, advanced 

search, meta search — e-mail, FTP, IRC, P2P services - e-commerce, B2B - Basic security concepts 


& threats to users, hardware and data, Common hacking methods, Cyberterrorism, Protective 

rights and measures - Ethical issues in computing. 

REFERENCES 

Peter Norton's Introduction to Computers, 6 th Edition, 2006, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi 

(Text). 

Software Engineering - A Practitioner's Approach, Roger S. Pressman, 5 th Edition, McGraw- 

Hill International Edition. 

Management Information Systems, Dr. P. Mohan, 7 th Edition, 2005, Himalaya Publishing 

House, Mumbai. 

Management Information Systems — Managing The Digital Firms, Kenneth C. Laudon & 

Jane P. Laudon, 8th Edition, Indian Reprint, 2004, Pearson Education (Singapore), Delhi. 

IT Fundamentals — Tools and Applications, T. Ramachandran Nambissan, 2003 Dhruv 

Publications, Delhi. 

COM/DCOM Primer Plus, Chris Corry, Vincent Mayfield, John Cadman, Randy Morin, 

First Indian Edition, Techmedia, New Delhi. 

7. The C programming Language, Brain W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritchie, Prentice-Hall of 

India. 

CEL1403 QUANTUM MECHANICS I 

MODULE 1 

Quantum aspects of black body radiation, Planck's Law, Photoelectric effect, Einstein's 

photoelectric equation, Compton effect, Bohr atom model, Frank-Hertz experiment, Wilson- 

Somerfield quantization rule and application to H-atom, Stern-Gerlach experiment, wave aspects 

of particles, de Broglie hypothesis, Davisson and Germer experiment, Diffraction of electron 

beam, wave packet, Group velocity and phase velocity, superposition, uncertainty principle, 

consequences of uncertainty principle, complementarity principle. 

MODULE 2 

Schrodinger wave function, particle in a box, SchrOdinger's equation for a particle subjected to 

forces, wave function and its interpretations, probability ,probability current density and continuity 

equation, expectation values, Erhnfest theorem, admissibility conditions of wave functions, 

normalizations of wave functions, box normalization, time dependent and time independent 

Schr8dinger equations, stationary states and super position principle. 

MODULE 3 

Postulates of Wave Mechanics, Dynamical variables as operators, Linear operators, Commutator 

brackets,Dirac's notation, matrix representation of operators, Eigen functions and Eigen values, 

Hermition operators and their properties, Orthogonality conditions, Schimidt's orthogonalization 

procedure, Physical significance of Eigen functions and Eigen values, Degeneracy, Simultaneous 

measurability and general uncertainty relations. 

MODULE 4 

Applications of SchrOdinger equation, Linear harmonic oscillator solutions, One dimensional 

square well potential of finite and infinite depth, Square potential barrier, Quantum mechanical 

tunneling, Alpha decay. 

Particle in a spherically symmetric potential, Hamiltonial of two interacting particles, Rigid rotator, 

Hydrogen atom, Energy Eigen values, Hydrgen wave function, Radial probability density functions 

and Hydrogen atom orbitals. 

29 


REFERENCES 

•1. Quantum Mechanics —G Aruldhas, Printice Hall India (2004)(Text) 

Quantum mehanics —A.Konar, Decca Students Library Publications, 1 st Edition (1988). 

Quantum physics-Eisberg and Resnik John Wiley sons(2002) 

Concepts of modern physics —Beiser, Tata McGraw Hill (2002) (Text) 

Quantum mechanics —Mathews and Venketesan ,Tata McGraw Hill (2006) 

Quatum mechanics —Singh and Bagde, S Chand Publishing Company (2002) 

Modern physics-Murugesan, S. Chand & Co.( 2005) 

Atomic and molecular physics-C.L Arora, S Chand Publishing Company, 3" Edition(2001) • 

Quantum mechanics — B K Agarval & Hariprakash, Printice Hall India (2002) 

CEL 1404 ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY AND RELATIVISTIC PHENOMENA 

Reading section: Vector algebra and vector calculus 

MODULE 1 

Electrostatics: Electric field, Gauss's Law in integral and differential forms, applications of Guass's 

law, Scalar potential, Energy of continuous charge distribution, Poisson and Laplace equations, 

Boundary conditions and uniqueness theorem, Dielectrics, induces dipoles, polarization and field 

of a polarized object, Guass's law for dielectric media, Displacement field, linear dielectric and 

dielectric constant, energy and forces in dielectric systems. 

MODULE 2 

Magnetostatics : Magnetic fields & magnetic forces, Bio-Savart law, Amper's law, Applications 

ofAmperes law, Magnetic vector potential, Magnetization, Torque and forces on magnetic dipoles, 

The field of a magnetized object, Amper's law in magnetized material, Boundary conditions, 

Magnetic susceptibility and permeability. 

MODULE 3 

Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, energy and magnetic field, Maxwells equation inn 

vaccum and dielectric media, Vector and Scalar potentials, gauge transformations- Lorentz and 

Coulomb gauges, Solutions of Maxwell's equation in vacuum and dielectric media, Poyting's 

theorem, conservation of energy and momentum, Reflection and refraction of EMW at dielectric 

boundaries, Snell's law, TIR, Brewster's angle. 

MODULE 4 

Michelson- Morley experiment, Postulates of special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, 

velocity addition, velocity dependent mass, structure of space-time and Minkowski diagram, 

Relativistic Mechanics- proper time, proper velocity, Relativistic momentum and energy, Compton 

scattering, Magnetism as relativistic phenomenon. 

Transformation of fields, the field tensor, four vectors, Maxwell's equation in tensor form. 

REFERENCE 

1 Introduction to electrodynamics-David Grifftiths, Pearecan Cdeation(1999)(Text) 

2 Electrodynamics —J.D Jackson, John Wiley & Sons ( 2003) 

3 Feynman lectures in physics — Feynman, Vol 1&2 ,Narosa Publishing house(2003) 


4 Electricity and Magnetism — K K Tewari, S Chand & Company, 3 1d Edition (2005). 

Electricity and Magnetism —D.N Vasudeva ,S Chand Publishing Cortpany(2002) 

Classical Electrodynamics- P S Sen Gupta, New Age International (2000) 

Electromagnetic Theory and wave propagation- S N Ghosh , Narosa Publishers 2" d Ed(2002) 

Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems- Jordan E C and Balmian, PHI 2" d Ed (1998) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1405 MATHEMATICS IV 

Fourier Transform, Properties of FT, Convolution Theorem, Solving differential equations using 

FT. 

Functions of complex variables: Analytic functions, power series, Taylor and Laurent series, 

Contour integration, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, integration involving branch 

cuts and branch points. 

MODULE 2 

Group Theory: Definiton, multiplication table, permutation group, representation of Group, 

Isomorphism and homomorphism, Character table, classes, symmetry operations, reducible and 

irreducible representations, applications to simple molecules like H2O. 

MODULE 3 

Solutions of algebraic and Transcendental equations: Newton — Raphson method for single and 

two variables, solutions of systems of nonlinear equations using method of iteration, Newton's 

formula for interpolation, Central difference. 

Curve fitting — Least square curve fitting- straight line, nonlinear curve, method of least squares 

for continuous function. 

MODULE 4 

Numerical differentiation and integration- Trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rules, Double integration 

using trapezoidal and Simpson's rules. 

Initial and Boundary value problems: Single step methods, Taylor's series, Runge — Kutta Method, 

Finite difference solution for second order ordinary differential equations. 

REFERENCES 

Mathematics for Physicists and Engineers — Arfken, Academic Press ( 2001) (Text) 

Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics — T Dass and S K Sharma 

Chemcal applications of Group theory — F A Cotton, Wiley Eastern ( 1971) 

Complex variables — Schaum Series 

Elements of Group theory physicists— A W Joshi, Wiley Eastern Ltd,3 rd Ed (1988) 

Introductory methods of numerical analysis — C S Sastry , Prentice Hall India ( 2001) (Text) 

Numerical methods — P Kandasamy, K Thilagavathy, K Gunavathy, S Chand &Co ( 2003) • 

Numerical methods — Balagurusamy ,Tata Mc Grow Hill ( 2001) 

CEL 1406 LAB / VIVA 

CEL 1407 WORK SHOP 

CEL 1408 SEMINAR 

31 


MODULE 1 

SEMESTER V 

CEL 1501 OPTICS IV APPLIED OPTICS 

Photometry and radiometry-'quantities and units, colourimetry- chromaticity coordinates UCS 

diagrams, colour temperature, visual basis of colourimetry, Human eye and color deficiency, 

color vision model. 

Birefringence-Birefringent crystals, Birefringent polarisers, Wave plates (half —wave,full-wave 

and quarter-wave ) Compensaters and variable retarders, Circular polarisers. Optical activity- 

Dextro and Lavo rotatory substances, optical activity in liquids, Half shade polarimeter. 

MODULE 2 

Optical anisotropy- Index ellipsoid ,Stress Birefringence-Photo elasticity. Stress induced optical 

effects-E 0 effects (Pockels effect and Kerr effect ),M 0 effects-Faraday isolator, Faraday rotator, 

A 0 effects-Raman —Nath scattering Bragg scattering, ,E 0, M 0 materials, Application to 

modulation. 

MODULE 3 

Analysis of Polarisation - Mathematical description of polarization, states of polarization, 

Polarization ellipse, special forms, Elliptical parameters, stokes polarization parameters, Stokes 

vectors, Stokes parameters for polarized and unpolarized light .Stokes intensity formula, Jone's 

and Muller matrix calculus, Matrices for polarizer, retarader and rotator in both representations, 

Muller matrix for a depolarizer, Neutral density filter. 

Poincare's sphere, representation of polarization states. 

MODULE 4 

Light sources-Standardisation of light sources- Incandescent lamps and Fluoecent lamps, Tungston 

halogen lamps, Halogen lamps, High pressure and low pressure discharge lamps- Sodium, 

Hydrogen, Mercury, Metal halide lamps. 

Electrodeless discharge lamps. 

REFERENCES 

Handbook of applied photometry- C De Cusatis(Ed) AIP(1997) 

Introduction to solid state lighting- Zukauskas, Shur, Caska, Wiley (2001) 

Polarization of light — S Huard, Jihn Wiley and Sons (1997) 

Wave optics and applications — R S Sirohi( Orient Longman 2001) 

Polarised light — Edward Collet, Marcel and Dekker (1992) 

Optics — Eugene Heht (3 rd Ed,Addison Weseli Long Inc (1998) 

Optical electronics-Thyagarajan and Ghatak ,Cambridge University press (1997) 

Introduction to optoelectronics-Wilson and Hawkes ,PHI (1996) 

Principles of optics- Max Born & Emil Wolf Cambridge University Press, 7th Edition 

(1981) 

Fundamentals of optics —Jenkins & White Mc Grow Hill International Edition,4 th Edition 

(1981) 


MODULE 1 

Introductio to classical and Modern optics - Jurgen R Mayer Arendt, Prentice Hall India, 2" 

Edition(1984). 

Modern optics - R. Guenther, John Wiley sons (1990). 

CEL 1502- ELECTRONICS IV- ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION 

DC and AC Deflection Instruments — Currentmeters, Ohmmeters, Multimeters, Hotwire ammeters, 

rectifier instruments, Comparison measurements — Potentiometers, automated comparison circuits. 

Digital instruments — Binary and decimal counters, display devices, frequency and period counters. 

Electronic multimeters — Electronic ohmmeters and digital voltmeters. 

MODULE 2 

Oscilloscopes — Deflection systems, X-Y and Y-t Oscilloscopes, Triggered sweep, Sensitivity, 

bandwidth rise time, dual-beam models, storage oscilloscope - digital storage oscilloscopes, 

sampling oscilloscopes Recording systems — X-t and X-Y recorders. 

MODULE 3 

Tuned amplifiers — Chopper stabilized amplifiers, measurements on untuned and tuned amplifier 

circuits. Lock-in amplifier, Voltage gain and output power measurements, testing tuned circuits, 

spectrum analysers, BOXCAR averagers. 

MODULE 4 

IT transducers- transducers and transduction, strain gauges, temperature transducers, inductive 

transducers, LVDT, position-displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, pressure and capacitative 

transducers. 

Data converters — DAC and Servo ADC circuits, parallel converters. Voltage to frequency converters 

Micro computers — advantages of micro computers, microcomputer interfacing, microcomputers 

in instrument and system design, introduction to GPIB. 

REFERENCES 

Elements of electronic instrumentation and measurement - J J Car, Prentice Hall India (1986) 

(Text) 

Industrial and Solid State Electronics: Devices and Systems - T J Maloney, Prentice Hall 

India (1986) 

A course in electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation — A K Sawhney, 

Danapath Rai and Co (2005) 

Electronic Instrumentation- H.S Kalsi, Tata Mc Graw Hill (2006) 

5. Transducers and Instrumentation — P V S Murthy, Prentice Hall India (2003) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1503 QUANTUM MECHANICS II 

Position and Momentum representations in Q.M. 

Time evolution of a system — SchrOdinger picture, Heisenberg picture and interaction picture. 

Matrix formulation of quantum mechanics — matrix representations of operators and wave functions, 

matrix representation of eigen value problem, momentum representation, Dirac bra and ket 

notations.matrix formulation of linear harmonic oscillator.. 


MODULE 2 

Solution of linear harmonic oscillator-operator method, coherent states, number operator, density 

operator, Dirac delta function. 

Theory of angular momentum, basic commutation relations of angular momentum operators eigen 

value and eigen functions of angular momentum op. — L 2, L z, J2, J. 

Angular momentum matrices, spin, Pauli spin matrices, addition of angular momenta, identical 

particles. 

MODULE 3 

Time independent perturbation-first order and second order approximation, stark effect, degenerate 

states, variational method, hydrogen and helium atoms, WKB approximation. 

Time dependent perturbation theory-first order approximation, constant and harmonic perturbation, 

transition probability, dipole approx., Einstein coefficient, quantization of EM field,spontaneous 

and stimulated emission. 

MODULE 4 

Scattering theory, partial wave analysis, Born Approximation, scattering by hard sphere, square 

well and coulomb scattering. 

Relativistic quantum mechanics- Klein-Gordon equation, plane wave solutions, interpretation of 

K-G equation, Dirac equation, Dirac matrices, plane wave solution, positron theory, spin of 

electrons from Dirac theory. 

REFERENCES 

Quantum Mechanics —G Aruldas, Printice Hall India ,( 2004)(Text) 

Quantum mehanics —L I Schiff , Mc Grow Hill ( 1968) 

Quantum physics-Ghatak and Lokanathan,McMillian, 5 th Ed (2003 )(Text) 

Quantum mechanics —Mathews and Venketesan ,Tata McGraw Hill (2006) 

Quatum mechanics —Singh and Bagde, S Chand Publishing Company (2002) 

Quantum mechanics — B K Agarval & Hariprakash , Printice Hall India (2002) 

7. Modern Quantum Mechanics- J J Sakurai,Pearson Education ,Revised Ed (2003) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1504 MATERIAL SCIENCE 

Crystal symmetry and crystal systems-Traslational vectors and lattices, unit cell, miller indices, 

symmetric operations, reciprocal lattices, hexagonal close packed structure, NaCl, CsCI, Diamond 

and ZnS structures —X ray diffraction and Bragg's law, Powder diffraction, different types of 

bonding in crystals, Vander vaal's, ionic, covalent and hydrogen bonds. 

MODULE 2 

Lattice vibrations-Phonons, phonon spectra of monoatomic and diatomic linear lattices, scattering 

of phonons by neutrons, experimental techniques to get phonon spectra, lattice heat capacity, 

Einstein Model, Debye's Model. 

Band theory of solids, density of states, Fermi level, origin of bands, classification of materials 

based on band gap. 


MODULE 3 

Electrical conduction in metals and semiconductors, effect of doping on Fermi level in 

semiconductors. 

Bloch theorem, Kronig —Penny model, electrical conductivity in exintrinsic semiconductors 

Super Conductivity Types of semiconductors, Meissner effect, isotope effect, BCS theory, 

Josephson effect, SQUID, High temperature super conductors, Applications. 

Use of SEM, TEM, AFM for material characterization. 

MODULE 4 

Dielectric property of solids-polarisability, ferroelectric crystals, magnetic properties of solids, 

dia, para and ferro magnetism, ferromagnetic domains, hysterisis, BH curve, adiabatic 

demagnetization, Clausius-Mosotti relation, Lorentz-Lorentz formula, Curie-Weiss law, Langevin's 

theory of diamagnetism and paramagnetism. 

REFERENCES 

1 Solid state Physics-Kittel, Wiley Eastern (1974) 

2 Introduction to Solids- Azaroff, Tata McGraw Hill (1977) (Text) 

3 Text book of Solid State Physics- S.O.Pillai, New Age International (2002) 

4 Problems in Solid State Physics- S.O.Pillai, New Age International (2003) 

5 Solid State Physics- A J Dekker , MacMillian India Ltd (2002) 

MODULE I 

CEL 1505 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 

Microwave spectra of molecules- rotation of molecules, Rotational energy levels of rigid and 

non-rigid diatomic molecules, Rotational term values, Pure rotational spectra of diatomic molecules, 

Effect of isotropic substitution-spectra, Polyatomic molecules, linear and symmetric top, Microwave 

spectrometer, Evaluation of molecular constants. Diatomic vibrating rotator, vibrational term values, 

evaluation of vibrational constants of diatomic. 

IR spectroscopy, pure vibration spectrum of diatomic molecules, SHO and anharmonic oscillator. 

molecules from IR spectra, Interaction of and vibration , breakdown of Born-Oppenheimer 

approximation. 

MODULE 2 

Vibration of polyatomic molecules- Modes of vibration of linear tri atomic and nonlinear tri atomic 

molecules with special reference to CO 2 and 11 20. Linear and symmetric top-Analysis by IR 

spectroscopy. Experimental techniques of IR spectroscopy 

Raman Spectroscopy : Classical and quantum theory of Raman effect. Stokes and anti-Stokes 

Raman lines, Pure rotational Raman spectra, Linear symmetric, top and spherical top molecules, 

vibrational Raman spectra, Complementary nature of IR and Raman spectra. Structure determination 

from Raman and IR spectra, Experimental techniques and instrumentation. 

35 


MODULE 3 

Electronic spectroscopy- Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, Vibrational coarse structure, 

progressions and sequences, Deslander's table isotope effect, Frank-Condon principle. Intensity 

distribution in absorbtion and emission spectra. Condon parabola, Dissociation and predesosiation, 

Evaluation of dissociation energy, Rotaional fine structure of electronic spectra - P,Q R branchs, 

Band head formation, Band shading-Fortrat parabola. Basic ideas of experimental techniques. 

MODULE 4 

Spin resonance spectroscopy- Spin and applied field-Theory of NMR, Experimental techniques 

and relaxation- Chemical shift 

ESR-Theory and experimental techniques- g factor-Hyperfine structure 

Mossbauer's spectroscopy, Mossbauer's effect-theory and experimental techniques, 

Isomer shift 

REFERENCES 

Molecular Spectroscopy —Banwell ,Tata Mc Graw Hill ,4 th Ed (1995) (Text) 

Molecular Spectroscopy-Anildhas ,Orient Longman (2001) 

Spectra of Diatomic molecules-Gerald Hertz Berg , Dover Publishers (1983) 

Quantum physics-Eisberg and Resnik ,John Wiley sons(2002) 

Spectroscopy —Stroghen & Walker Vol.2 ,John Wiley Sons,N Y (1976) 

Elements of Spectroscopy —Gupta Kumar and Sharma ,Pragathi Prakashan Meerut, 6th 

Ed(1983) 

Atomic and Molecular spectroscopy-C,L Arora ,S Chand Publishing Company,3 rd Edition 

(2001) 

Spectroscopy and Molecular structure - G.W King ,Holt,Rinehart & Winston Inc(1964) 

9. Molecular Spectroscopy- Raman Gopalan and Raghavan, Thomson Learning 

Publishers(2004) 

CEL 1506 LAB/ VIVA 

CEL 1507 SEMINAR 


MODULE I 

SEMESTER VI 

CEL 1601 PHOTONICS I - OPTOELECTRONICS 

Electronic properties of semi conductors - effect of pressure and temperature on band gap. 

density of carriers in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Consequence of heavy doping, 

conduction processes in semiconductors, electron-hole pair formation and recombination. PN 

junction, carrier recombination and diffusion, injection efficiency, heterojunction, internal 

quantum efficiency, double heterojunction, quantum well, quantum dot and super lattices. 

MODULE 2 

Optical proprieties of semiconductors-Excitation absorption, donor-acceptor and impurity band 

absorption, long wavelength absorption. 

Basics of all solid state lamps-LED materials and device configuration, efficiency, high brightness 

LEDs, Light extraction from LEDs, LED structures-SH, DH, SQW, MQW, Device performance 

characteristics. Manufacturing processing and applications- White solid state lamps. 

MODULE 3 

Photodetectors- Thermal detectors, photoconductors, Junction photodiodes, APD, Optical 

heterodyning and electro-optic measurements, fibre coupling, phototransister, Modulated barrier 

PD, Schottky Barrier PD. MSM PD. Detectors for long wavelength operation, microcavity PD, 

Solar cells- I-V characteristics and spectral response. Materials and design considerations of 

solar cells. 

MODULE 4 

Display devices- PL, EL and CL displays, displays based on LED, Plasma panel and LCD. 

Optoelectronics modulation and switching devices-Analog and Digital modulation. EO, AO and 

MO modulators, SEED. 

REFERENCES 

Semiconductor optoeletronic devices-Pallab Bhattacharaya, PHI,(1995) (Text) 

An introduction to optoelectronics- Wilson & Hawkes., Prentice Hall India, (1996) 

Optic fiber communications —J.M Senior ,Prentice Hall India, (1995) 

Semiconductor Optoelectronics-Jasprit Singh Tata Mc Graw Hill, (1995) 

Light Emitting Diodes-E Fred Scheubert ,Cambridge University Press,(2003) 

Solid State Lighting-Zukazukasu, John Wiley Sons NY,( 2002) 

7. Optoelectronic devices and systems- S C Gupta ,Prentice Hall India (2005) 

MODULE 1 

37 

CEL1602 PHOTONICS II - FIBRE OPTICS 

Optical waveguides, numerical aperture, Modes in planar waveguides, Goos-Hanschen effect, 

evanescent field. Cylindrical fibres. Step index and graded index fibres, single mode and multimode 


fibres, cut of wavelengths, channel waveguides, electro optic waveguides, i/p and o/p couplers, 

e-o and m -o modulators applications of integrated optics - lenses, grating, spectrum analysers. 

MODULE 2 

Transmission characteristics of optical fibre, attenuation, absorption and scattering losses, 

nonlinear losses, wavelengths for communication, bend losses, dispersion effects in optical fibresmaterial 

and waveguide dispersions, modal birefringence and polarization maintaining fibres. 

MODULE 3 

Optical fibre measurements - Allennnuation, loss dispersion band width, refractive index profile. 

OTDR. testing of optical fibre systems, eye pattern techniques. 

Fabrication and characterization of Polymer fibres and holey fibres. Erbium doped fihres. 

MODULE 4 

Fibre optic sensors - Intensity modulation and interference type sensors, intrinsic: and extrinsic 

fibres. Polarisation modulation type sensors. Sagniac and fibre gyro, temperature, pressure, force 

and chemical sensors. 

Fibre components - couplers, connectors, Packaging, Fibre Optic communication- basic principle, 

WDM, telemetric applications. Industrial, medical and technological applications of optical fibre. 

REFERENCES 

Optical Fibre communication - J M Senior .Prentice Hall India (1994) (Text) 

Optical Fibre communication sy'stems - J Gowar ,Prentice Hall India (1995) 

Fibre optic communication - J Palais , Prentice Hall India (1988) 

Fundamentals of Fibre Optic Telecommunication -B P Pal., Wiley Eastern(1994) 

Integrated Optics - R G Husperger . Springer Verlag, (1998) 

Fundamentals of Fibre Optics-B P Pal. ,Wiley Eastern., (1994) 

7. Understanding Fiber optics- J Hecht ,Pearson Edu. Inc (2006) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 1603 PHOTONICS III - LASER PHYSICS 

Radiative transitions and emission linewidths. Radiative decay of excited states, homogeneous 

and inhomogeneous broadenings. Absorption, spontaneous and stimulated emissions. Einstein's 

A and B Coefficients. Absorption and gain of homogeneously broadened radiative transitions, 

gain coefficient and stimulated emission cross section for homogeneous and inhomogeneous 

broadening. 

MODULE 2 

Necessary and sufficient conditions for laser action ( population invasion and saturation intensity), 

threshold requirements for laser with and without cavity, laser amplifiers, rate equations for 

three and four level systems, pumping mechanisms. 

Laser cavity modes- longitudinal and transverse modes in rectangular cavity. FP cavity modes, 

Spectral and spatial hole burning, stability of laser resonator and stability diagram, unstable and 

ring resonators. 


MODULE 3 

Q-switching and Mode locking, active and passive techniques, generation of giant pulses and 

pico second optical pulses, Properties of laser be»ra and techniques to characterize laser beam. 

MODULE 4 

Generation of ultra fast Optical pulses - Pulse compression. Femto second optical pulses, 

characterization of femto second pulses. Semi classical theory of lasers, polarization in the 

medium, first order theory. 

REFERENCES 

Laser Fundamentals - W T Silfvast, Cambridge University Press (1996)(Text) 

Laser Electronics - J T Vardeyan. PHI,2 nd Ed (1989) 

Lasers-Theory and Applications- Ghatak and Thyagarajan, McMillan (2002) (Text) 

Principles of lasers - Svelto, Plenum Press (1948) 

Solidstate laser engineering - Koechner, Springer Verlag (1993) 

Laser Physics- Tarasov. Mir Publishers (1985) 

CEL 1604 —PROJECT/VIVA 

CEL 1605 -LAB/VIVA 


SEMESTER VII 

CEL 2701 ADVANCED SOLID STATE THEORY 

Reading Section: Crystal structures. X-ray crystallography 

MODULE I 

Free electrons in metals - ground state of free electron gas, heat capacity of free electron gas, 

transport properties of conduction electrons. Wiedemall -Franz law and temperature dependence 

of electrical and thermal conductivities. Hall effect, energy band structure, tight binding approach. 

Waves in crystals - normal modes , Bloch's theorem, disperson relations. 

MODULE 2 

Semi conductors- electrons and boles, electrical conductivity, continuity equations, Parra, dia, 

ferro and ferri magnetism. Weiss molecular field. Neel model of anti ferromagnetism. spin wave, 

dielectrics - polarization due to relative motion of electrons and nuclei. Pyroelectric materials. 

Landau model. 

MODULE 3 

Super conductivity . Type 1 and Type II. London equation, Theory of super conductivity. Cooper 

problem and origin of attractive interaction . super conducting ground stale, order parameter, 

flux quanisation, Josephson effects SQUID, Scattering of electrons and neutrons from solids, 

neutron scattering and phonon spectra, election scattering Metals- Fermi surfaces, density of 

states. 

MODULE 4 

Luminescence emission from semi conductors ,Oscillator strength of hand-to-band transition. 

Franz-Keldysh and Slark effect. Kramers- Kronig relations (ref 2). 

Low dimensional structures- Quantum wells and quantum dots- creation and structure of quantum 

dots, single particle states of quantum dots, selection rules for inter band transitions, Intra and 

inter band transitions, Photoluminescence and absorption spectra, capacitance spectroscopy, 

self assembled quantum dots, quantum dots in magnetic field, Exciton in quantum dot. 

REFERENCES 

I. Solid state Physics- I L Hook and H E Hall, John Wiely Sons 2" Ed, (1993) 

Semiconductor Optoelectronics - Pallab Bhatacharya, Prentice Hall 2nd Ed( 2002) 

Quantum dots- L Jacak .P Hawylak, A Wojs,. Springer Verlag. (1998) 

Solid State Physics — Kind, Wiley Eastern (1974) 

Solid state Physics -A J Dekker, MacMillan India Ltd (2002) 

CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN LASERS AND OPTOELECTRONICS SCIENCES 40 

•

MODULE 1 

CEL 27 02 LASER SYSTEMS AND LASER APPLICATIONS 

Classification of lasers, Type of pumping, design aspects of resonator, stable and unstable 

resonators, tuning mechanism, He-Ne laser. CO2 laser, Ar ion laser , Dye laser, semi conductor 

laser. Nd YAG laser. OPO Laser. FEL, Pico and Femto second lasers, Recombination laser. X-ray 

laser. DFB laser, surface emitting and rare earth doped lasers. 

MODULE 2 

Laser diode-Thresold current and power output ,Semi conductor lasers, Hetrojunction lasers 

Quantum well lasers, DFB and surface emitting lasers, 

Industrial Applications of lasers, absorption of radiation by metals, semiconductors and 

insulators, laser drilling, welding, cutting and surface cleaning, laser generated plasma and laser 

deposition of thin film, optical fibre spiking, generation of fibre grating. 

MODULE 3 

Lasers in chemistry, isotope separation, laser induced chemical reaction, infrared 

photochemistry, ultrafast processes, monitoring fast chemical reactions, biological effects of 

electromagnetic radiation, lasers in medicine, photodynamic therapy, laser angioplasty, lasers in 

surgery, laser displays. 

MODULE 4 

Holography and Speckle interferometry, hologram recording and recombination, thin and thick 

holograms, applications of holography in NDT and pattern recognition. Principles of Speckle 

interferometry and its applications to NDT. 

Other applications of lasers- laser pollution monitoring, LIDAR, laser gyros, laser induced fusion, 

CD ROM, laser cooling and trapping of atoms- magnetic and optical traps, optical molasses, 

lasers in computing- optical logic gates. 

REFERENCES 

I. Principles of lasers -Svelto, Plenum Press 1998 

Solid state laser engineering — W Koechner, Springer Verlag, Revised edition (2006) 

Laser Processing and analysis of materials- W W Duley, Plenum Press (1983) 

NdYag laser surgery — Joffy S N, Y Ogurov, Springer velag 

Lasers in medicine - H K Kobener, Wiley Sons 

Laser cooling and trapping - H J Metcalfe and P Van der Staten , Springer verlag 

Lasers and nonlinear optics - B B Laud, Wiley Eastern 3 rd Ed (2004) 

Optical computing - D G Beitelson, MIT Press (2000) 

Fundamentals of Photonics - B E A Salch. M C Teich .John Wiley Sons, 2 nd Edition(2007) 

Optical measurement technology and applications PK Rustogi, Artech. House (2001) 

Optical Holography- P Hariharan, Cambridge University Press, 2 nd Edition (1996). 

12. Laser Processing and Chemistry- Dieter Bauerde, Springer Verlag, 2 nd Edition (1995). 

CEL 2EX1 Elective I ( from the list) 

CEL 2EX2 Elective II( from the list) 


CEL 2703 LAB I-ELECTRONICS 

CEL 2704 LAB II - MATHEMATICAL MODELLING & SIMULATION 

This paper is fully practical oriented . It is mandatory to simulate at least one problem from each 

unit, by creating the model and simulating it using C or C++. Alab test of three hours duration 

would ensure the coverage and preparation. Simulation using Graph Theory is also envisaged in 

this course. 

REFERENCES 

System simulation with digital computer — Narsingh Deo, Prentice Hall India (2003)(Text) 

Graph Theory with Applicaations to Engneering and computer science- Narsingh Deo, 

Prentice Hall India (2003) (Text). 

CEL 2705 SEMINAR / VIVA 


SEMESTER VIII 

CEL 2801 NON LINEAR OPTICS 

Reading : Maxwell's equations. Poynting vector. Propagation of EMW in conducting and 

nonconducting media. Boundary conditions and snell's laws. 

MODULE 1 

Nonlinear optical coefficients, second order and third order susceptibility tensors, propagation of 

EMW through second order nonlinear media. OSHG. phase matching. OPO frequency conversion, 

experimental technique in study second order non linearity. 

MODULE 2 

Third order NLO. FWM. Phase conjugate Optics, Distortion correction theorem, Generation of 

OPC waves, Coupled mode formulation, Experimental set up, Experiments involving OPC- 

Resonators with OPC mirror, Distortion correction within resonator, Imaging through distorting 

medium, Image processing through FWM. 

MODULE 3 

Two photon absorption, Experimental set up to detect TPA, Stimulated Raman Scattering, CARS, 

Raman laser, 

Intensity dependent refractive index, Z-scan technique, Maxwell- Bloch equation, Self induced 

transparency, Pulse area theorem, self focusing, Threshold condition for self focusing. 

MODULE 4 

Saturable and reverse saturate absorbers, optical limiting , Z-scan technique, Nonlinear Fabry — 

Perot etalon, Optical transistors, NL F-P as computing element, Optical logic gates, Opticl bistability 

— absorptive and dispersive type bistabilities. 

REFERENCES 

Nonlinear Optics. - Shen. John Wiley and Sons (1991) 

Optical electronics in modern communication (5 th E a) 

\ - A Yariv Oxford University press 

(1997). 

Quantum Electronics —A Yarive, Accademic Press, 3 rd Ed(1989) 

Non- Linear Fibre optics- Govind P Agarwal,Accademic Press, 2" d Ed(1989) 

5. Polarisation of Light in Non- Linear optics- P Svirko &N I Zheludev, John Wiley Sons(1998) 

CEL 2802 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND 

OPTICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING 

Module I 

Characteristics of signals — unit step function, impulse, ramp functions, frequency spectum of 

periodic wave functions. 

43 


Discrete time signals: properties of discrete lime system, difference equation representation, 

sampling and igitization Z transform, inverse Z transform. Discrete FT and its properties. FFT, 

decimation in time and frequency. 

MODULE 2 

Two dimensional Z-transform. Digital fillers, IK and FIR filters Design of IIR and FIR filters. 

Window function. 

MODULE 3 

Fresnel Transform, Hilbert, Radon and Mellin transforms, Two dimensional Fourier Transform, 

convolution and correlation. Effect of lens on wavefront. FT properly of lens, OTF. Time and 

space integrating architecture, spectrum analysis, Vanderlugt filter. 

MODULE 4 

Image spatial filtering. SLMs AO. MO, EO and LC based SLMs, Optical numerical processing. 

Simple .-arithmatic evaluation of polynomials. Optical implementation of matrix vector 

multiplication, double integration, partial differential equations. 

REFERENCES 

An introduction to analog and digital communication- Simon Haykin. John Wiley, (1994). 

Modern digital and analog communication systems — Lathi B P, CULT OXFORD, (1998). 

Signal processing using optics- B G Boone,Oxford Univ Press, (2000). 

Optical computing-D G Feitelson.,MIT Press, (2001). 

Digital image processing- B Jahane, Springer verlag, (1997). 

The Fourier Transform And its Applications to Optics-P M Duffieux, John Wiley Sons 

2nd Ed, (1983) 

7. Contemperory optics- Thygarajan & Ghatak, Mac Millian India, (1981) 

CEL 2EX3- Elective III, 2EX4 - Elective IV 

CEL 2803 LAB -1 ELECTRONICS 

CEL 2804 LAB- II PHOTONICS 

CEL 2805 SEMINAR /VIVA 


44

MODULE 1 

SEMESTER IX 

CEL 2901 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION 

Evolution of Optical Communication. Evolution of fibre types, guiding properties of fibres, cross 

talk between fibres, dispersion properties of fibres, nonlinear properties of optical fibres. SRS. 

SBS, intensity dependent refractive index. Characterization of materials for fibres, fibre perform 

preparation, fibre drawing. 

MODULE 2 

Optical and mechanical characterization of fibres Optical cable design- design objectives and 

cable structures, fibre splicing. fibre end preparation, single and array splices, measurement of 

splicing efficiency, Optical fibre connectors, connector alignments, optical sources for 

communication. LED. injection lasers, modulation. 

MODULE 3 

Photo-detectors, Photo-detector noise, signal to noise ratio, Optical receiver operation, error 

sources, receiver configuration„ Digital receiver performance calculations, Pre-amplifier types, 

high impedance and trans-impedance amplifiers, analog receivers. 

MODULE 4 

Digital transmission systems, Point to point links, system considerations, link power budget, rise 

time budget, Line coding, Coherent systems, heterodyne and homodyne detection. WDM concepts 

and components, operational principles of WDM, Optical amplifiers, Erbium doped fiber 

amplifiers, Gain and power conversion efficiency, Soliton communication-basic principle- Optical 

network, network topologies. 

REFERENCES 

1. Optical fibre communication - J M Senior, Prentice Hall India (1994) (Text) 

2 Optical fibre telecommunication IV B - I Kaninov, T Li, Academic Press, (2002) 

Optical fiber Communications- Gerd Keiser, 3 rd Ed (2000) (Text) 

Optical fiber communication-J Palais, Prentice Hall International, (1988) 

CEL 2902 LAB — I FIBRE OPTICS LAB 

CEL 2903LAB - II PHOTONICS LAB 

CEL 2904 SEMINAR / VIVA 

CEL 2EX5 — Elective V CEL 2EX6 - Elective 6, CEL 2EX7 — Elective 7 

ELECTIVES 

( CEL 2Ex will be offered as electives during VII, VIII and IX semesters depending on the 

availability of Teaching Faculty and a minimum of 6 students giving option for the paper.) 


CEL 2E 01 NETWORK ANALYSIS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING 

MODULE I 

Basic ciruit concepts-Kerchoffs law, Classification of circuits,T and D networks ,Network 

theorems- Thevenin, Norton, Maximum power Transfer and SuperPosition theorems, Reciprocity 

and Substitution theorems.Transients in linear ciruits- R L & R C. 

MODULE 2 

Laplace transform analyses of simple network, partial fraction expansion, initial and final 

value theorems, convolution integrals. Network functions, complex frequency, impedance and 

admittance between transfer function and impulse response and their use in network analysis, 

zero plot. 

MODULE 3 

Introduction to positive real functions, network functions, network synthesis - synthesis of 

passive one port network, LC, RC, RL network, Foster and Causer methods 

Modulation techniques- amplitude modulation and demodulation, frequency devision 

multiplexing, frequency modulation and demodulation. FM Radio, stereophonic FM 

broadcasting, B/Wand colour Transmission and reception. 

MODULE 4 

PCM, samping. quantising, coding, DPCM, delta modulation, digital multiplexing for telephony, 

digilal modulalion - ASK. FSK, PSK. QPSK Signal to noise ratio, AM and FM receiver models, 

noise in AM and FM reception. 

REFERENCES 

MODULE 1 

Basic circuit theory - Desor and Kuo. Me. Gtaw Hill (1969) 

Network analysis - Van Valkenberg,PrenticeHall India, 3' Ed(2004) 

Network lines and fields — Ryder, Prentice Hall India,2 nd Ed(2003) 

Principle of network synthesis - Van Vakenberg, 

An introduction lo digital and analog communication - Simon Haykin, John Wiley, (1994) 

Principles of communication systems - Taub. H and Schilling, DT 

Modern digital and analog communication systems- CULT OXFORD(1998) 

Network Analysis-G. K Mithel, Khana Publishers4 th Ed (1997) 

Electronic Communication Systems- Kennely $&Davis,TataGraw Hill 4th Ed(1999) 

Monochrome & Colour Television- R R Guletc, New Age International (2004) 

CEL 2E 02 DISCRETE MATHEMATICS AND WAVELET THEORY 

Introduction to Discrete mathematics, notions and notations, functions - definition, 

construction, properties, construction techniques, inductively defined sets, language 

construction Equivalence relations, inductive proof, optimal algorithm, solving recurrences, 

comparing rates of growth. 


MODULE 2 

Elementary logic- Prepositional Calculus, formal reasoning system, predictive- logic, first order 

predictive calculus, equivalent formulae. 

Applied logic, equality, programme correctness, higher order logic, computational logic, abstract 

data types and algebras, computational algebra. 

MODULE 3 

Wavelet theory - one-dimensional wavelet systems, scaling equations, orthonormal wavelet 

systems. 

MODULE 4 

Wavelet image compression, wavelet filter design, wavelet channel coding and digital 

modulation techniques. 

REFERENCES 

MODULE 1 

Discrete Mathematics - Hein James L, Jones and Burlett Publishers Inc. (1998) 

Foundations of Discrete Mathematics - Joshi K D, Wiley Eastern. (1989) 

Wavelet analysis - H L Resnikoff and R 0 Wells, Springer verlag (1998) 

Wavelets and allied topics - P K Jain Mhaskar. Krishna. Narosa ( 2001 

CEL 2E 03 OPTICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY 

Light beam as a sensing tool- simple optical sensors- single and double optic sensorsmeasurements 

of small displacements- radius of curvature-lamp and scale arrangement- angle of 

rotation - speed of rotation - stroboscope, method of Triangulation, projected fringe technique, 

lidar for atmospheric remote sensing. lidar equation. 

MODULE 2 

Interferometry for precision measurements, two-beam interferometry, Michelson interferometer, 

fringe displacement and fringe counting, heterodyne interferometer, super heterodyne 

interferometry. electron speckle pattern interferometry photoelastic measurements. Moire 

technique. 

MODULE 3 

Optical fibre sensors - general features- types of OFS- intrinsic and extrinsic sensors, shutter 

based multimode OFS —simple fibre based sensors for displacement, temperature and pressure 

measurements- reflective FOS and applications, Fibre Bragg grating based sensors. 

Light transmission in microbend fibres- microbend OFS- measurements with microbend sensorsevanescent 

wave phenomenon- evanescent wave FOS- chemical sensors using EWFOSdistributed 

sensing with FOS- OTDR and applications, FO smart sensing. 

MODULE 4 

Interferometric FOS- basic principles- interferometric configurations- Mach-Zender, Michelson 

and Fabri-Perot configurations- component, and construction of interferometic FOSapplications 

of interometric FOS- Sagnac interferometer- fibre gyro, OTDR and Applications 


REFERENCES 

Fibre Optic Sensors- B D Gupta 

Fundamentals of Fibre Optics in Telecommunications and Sensor Systems- B.P. Pal, Wiley 

Eastern(1994) 

Optics -AjoyGhatak, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 3 rd Ed (2005) 

Lasers, Theory and Applications - Ghatak & Thyagarajan, Mcmillan India Ltd (2002) 

Optical measurement techniques and applications- P KRastogi. Artech House (1997) 

Optical Fibre sensors, components and subsystems Vol. 3- Brain Culshaw and John Dakin, 

Artech House Inc. (1996) 

7. Optoelectrinic Devices and Systems- S C Gupta, PHI (2005) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 2E 04 ADVANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY 

Guided Waves- TE TM & TEM Waves -attenuation, Wave impedence, Rectangular wave guides, 

impedence and Q-factor of wave guides, power handling cavity,TE $ TM in circular waveguides 

— attenuation. 

MODULE 2 

Transmission Lines-Lossy transmission line, Lossless transmission line,characteristics, striop lines, 

microstrip lines, properties of substrates. 

MODULE 3 

Anntenna- Antenna structure, radition pattern, gain beam width, minor lobes, Travelling wave 

antenna, Directional properties of dipole antenna. Polarization, Thermal impedence Loss, SNR. 

MODULE 4 

Antenna arrays- Linear array, Binomial array, Antenna synthesis, Superdirective arrays,arrays of 

two isotropic point sources, pattern multiplication , horn antennas, parabolic reflectors. 

REFERENCES 

Antenns- Krauss J D,Mc Graw Hill (1995) 

Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems- Jordan E C and Balmian, PHI 2" Ed (1998) 

Introduction to Electromagnetism- Paul C A and Nassar S A, Mc Graw Hill (1987) 

Microstrip Antennas- Bohl and Bhatia, Artech House (1980) 

MODULE I 

CEL 2E 05 OPTICAL COMPUTING 

Analog optical processing. Linear Optical processing. Spatial filtering using binary filters, 

inverse filtering. Analog optical arithmetic- nonlinear optical processing, arithmetic operation. 


MODULE 2 

Recognition using analog optical systems, matched niter, joint transform correlation, amplitude 

modulated recognition Tiller. Digital optical computing, nonlinear devices, integrated optical 

devices. SLM 

MODULE 3 

Shadow costing and symbolic substitution, design algorithm of shadow casting system, 

polarization encoded optical shadow tailing { POSC). POSC processing, symbolic substitution 

and optical implementation. 

MODULE 4 

Optical implementation of memory, holographic and wave guide optical interconnections Optical 

Computing devices- Nonlinear Fabry -Perot etalon. Optical transistor, threshold logic devices, 

devices using threshold logic gale components, optical computer. 

REFERENCES 

Optical computing-an introduction - MA Karim. AAS Awwal, John Wiley, (1992)Text) 

Signal processing using optics- B G Boone . Oxford Univ Press, (2000) 

Optical computing-D G Feitelson. MIT Press , 2001 ( Text) 

Optical computing — Digital and Symboles,Raymond Arathoon, Macel Deccker N Y (1989) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 2E 06 MICROWAVE PHOTONICS 

General performance consideration of transmission lines-coaxial cables, wave guides. 

microstrip, stripline, optical fibre, comparison of losses. Radio frequency beam forming. 

scanning techniques, circuit beam formers, imaging reflector antennas, RF electronic beam 

steering techniques for optical fibres. 

MODULE 2 

Phased array antennas. AO lime delays for phased array antennas, delay line, lime delays 

arrangements for phased array antennas, experimental results, two dimensional array antennas, 

beam steering. 

MODULE 3 

Optically controlled beam scanning, phase shifters, injection locking, beam Steering using 

subharmonic injection locking, inter junction locking method, unilateral injection locking. 

MODULE 4 

Binary optical delay lines, fibre optical delay lines, square root cascade delay lines, hack 

ground binary fibre optical delay line, architecture and design of BIFODEL. 

Optical beam steering of antennas using lasers, Optically controlled array, image mask, fibre 

optic shutter switch, signal lo noise ratio and laser out put. radiation pattern and reduction in 

side lobe level, photonic crystals (or microwave application). 

Tea Antenna design with fibre optics- A Kumar, Artech House (1996). 


REFERENCES 

Coplanar waveguides, circuit, components and systems- E J Simons, Wiley(2001) 

Integrated optics,circuits-EJ Murphy., Marcel Dekker Inc.(1999) 

3. Photonics crystals - S G Johnson, J D Joannopoulos; Kluver Pub(2002) 

MODULE 1 

CEL2E 07 ATOM OPTICS 

Linear Atom Optics- Light forces on atoms. atomic cooling. Doppler and Sisyphus cooling. 

Evaporative cooling. Atomic beam collimation and focusing, channeling by standing Waves. 

Evanescent Held mirrors, focused laser beam mirrors. 

MODULE 2 

Atomic diffraction - Ramn-Nath and Bragg regime, grilling and interferometers, Atomic traps 

and cavities magneto optic. magnetic and optical traps. atomic waveguides. 

Quantum atom optics- matter wave coherence, Bose Einstein Condensation, experiments in alkali 

vapours, atom lasers, matters wave Solitons. 

MODULE 3 

Nonlinear wave mixing- Atomic four wave mixing, mixing of optical and mailer waves. parametric 

amplification of atomic and optical fields. 

MODULE 4 

Entanglement between atomic and optical fields, matter waves super radiance, mailer wave 

amplification. Application of atom optics. 

REFERENCES 

MODULE I 

Atom Optics - P Meysire . Springer Verlag. 2001 

Laser cooling and atom traps-Melcalfe, Springer Verlag (1998) 

CEL 2E 08 LASER SPECTROSCOPY 

Spectroscopy technique, Conventional spectroscope recording in UV-Vis-NIR region using 

dispersing spectrographs, Comparison between Spectrometers and interferometers. 

Laser Raman Techniques- Hyper Raman effect, SRS,CARS, PARS,Experimental schcmes General 

applications of Laser Raman Spectroscopy. 

OG Spectroscopy-theory and experimental techniques —applications of OGS. 

MODULE 2 

Fluorescence spectroscopy-Different types of spectroscopy —Characteristics of Luminescence- 

General concepts, processes, Parameters-Energy Transfer mechanisms —Sensization and 

quenching. Experimental Schemes. 

Rare earth- ions- Absorption and fluorescence spectra.- Energy levels of rare earth ions in fluoride 

and suiphide crystals. 

Fluorescence of Dyes —structure and properties of organic laser Dyes- Quantum efficiency. 


MODULE 3 

High Resolution spectroscopy-Doppler free spectroscopy, Two photon absorption spectroscopy, 

Saturation absorption spectroscopy. 

Laser photoionization spectroscopy-photoionization of excited atoms-Rydberg atomic states — 

00DR Techinique .Photoionization detection of single atoms-Different methods of single atom 

detection. 

Correlation spectroscopy of scattered light, photon assisted collisional energy transfer, single 

molecule detection, spectroscopic characterization of BE condensates. 

MODULE 4 

Photoacoustic Spectroscopy- Theory of PAS of gases,-Resonance conditions —RG Theory 

(analytical treatment) PA effect in gases, liquids, and solids- Design of PA spectrometer—Application 

of PAS —Evaluation of optical and thermal parameters-Thermal diffusivity- Depth profiling. 

Thermal lens spectroscopy- Focal length of thermal lens — single and double beam techniques - 

applications of TLS. 

REFERENCES 

Photoacoustic spectroscopy — Rosencwaig, Wiley,(1981) 

Thermo optic spectroscopy- J Sell, Academic press, (1992) 

Laser Spectroscopy : W Demtroder , Springer Verlag 3 rd ed, 2003 ( Text) 

Lumincence in Solids —D R Vij ,Plenum Press NY, (1998) 

Lasers and Nonlinear optics — B B Laud, New Age International 2 nd Edition, (2003) 

Laser spectroscopy and its Applications- Leon J Radzemski, Marcel Deklar Pub.IncNY 

(1987) 

Dye lasers —F P Schafer, Springer Verlag 2 nd Revised Ed (1977) (2006) 

Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy _ Vladin S Letokhov, Accademic Press Inc (1987) 

9. Spectroscopy,Lumincence and Radiations centeres in minerals-A S Marfunin,Spriger Verlag 

N Y (1977) 

MODULE 1 

CEL 2E 09 QUANTUM OPTICS 

Quantisation of EMF. Field quantisation. Fock slates, coherent slates, coherence properties of 

EMF - first order optical coherence, coherent field, photon correlation measurements, photon 

counting measurements. 

Representation of EMF. Expansion in number stales, coherent states, P-representation, correlation 

and characteristic functions, Photon statistics, photon number representation. 

MODULE 2 

Density of states and density matrix .Squeezed light-generation and application of squeezed light, 

coherent interaction of light with matter, Maxwell - Bloch equations. Spontaneous decay of two 

level atoms. 


MODULE 3 

. Optical Instability- dispersive and absorptive cases Bell's inequalities in quantum optics, EPR 

argument, experimental studies, nondemolition measurements, quantum coherence. 

MODULE 4 

Deflection of atoms by light. Kapitza- Dirac effect. Optical Stern -Gerlach experiment, Interaction 

between Atoms and quantized fields- dressed fields, Jaynes - Cummings model. 

REFERENCES 

MODULE 1 

Quantum optics-D P Walls& G H Milburn , Springer verlag.(1993) (Text). 

Elements of quantum optics -Meysre and M Sargent , Springer verlag ,(1998) (Text ) 

press, (1995). 

CEL 2E 10 PHOTONICS MATERIALS 

Nano materials- nanocrystals, quantum dots and quantum wells, nanocrystals of Ill-V 

compounds and indirect gap materials, energy states of quantum dots, photonics applications of 

quantum dots and quantum wells, photonic switches and modulators using quantum dots and 

quantum wells. 

MODULE 2 

Organic materials for photonics, evaluation of second order and third order optical. 

non linearities, organic materials for second and third order nonlinear optics, photoreractive 

polymers, polymers for light emiting sources, optical limiting, polymers for optical fibre. 

MODULE 3 

Sol-Gel materials for Photonics applications, method of preparations, electro optic-magneto 

optic and acousto optic materials, Photonic devices based on EO.MO , AO effects. Fluoride glass 

based fibres and their applications. 

MODULE 4 

Thin film optics based components, design and production of thin films, and reflection and dichroic 

reflection coatings. DWDM filters, production and characterization of optical thin films- PLD, 

CVD, PV,. MBE,dip,spin and spray coatings. 

Optical IC and wave guide structures- coplanar waveguides, frequency doublers. mixers. MEMS, 

Photonic band gap structures, waveguides of elevated and buried structures, optical Icsarchitecture 

and applications. 

REFERENCES 

1 Optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots - V Woggon . Springer verlag.( 1997) 

Optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystals- S VGaponeko, Cambridge University 

Press(1998). 

Sol-Gel for Photonics, B J Thompson. SP1E. (1998). 

4. Practical design & production of optical thin films - R R Wiltey, Marcel & Dekker, (2002). 


Coplanar wave guide circuits, components and systems- R N Simons.Wiley, ( 2001) 

Nonlinear optics of organic molecules & polymers -H S Nalwa, S Miyata. CRC, (1996). 

7. Sol- Gel Materials- chemistry and applications — John D Wright and Nico A J M Sommerdijk, 

Gorden & Breach Science Publications (2001). 

MODULE 1 

CEL 2E 11 OPTO-MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 

Drawings of optical components and systems, dimensional tolerances and error budgets Principles 

of opto mechanical design-structural and kinematic aspects- vibration control Materials for optical 

systems, properties and selection criteria, metal mirrors- fabrication methods and light weighting. 

MODULE 2 

Light weight mirror design- estimating minor weight, mirror self-weight deflection, contoured 

back mirrors and sandwich mirrors, Optical mounts for lenses, windows, small mirrors and 

prism: adjustment mechanism- lilear, tilt and rotary adjustment mechanism. 

MODULE 3 

Structural analysis of optics- finite element theory, displacement and dynamic models for optics, 

stress models, optical surface evaluation, modeling of optical structures, ray tracing, optimum 

design. 

MODULE 4 

Thermal and thermo elastic analysis of optics, heal transfer analysis, model types, interpolation 

of temperature fields, thermo elastic analysis. 

Fabrication methods- method selection manufacturing methods, fabrication of light weight 

components, chemical and vacuum coating processes in optics. 

REFERENCES 

Hand book of optomechanical engineering - A A hmad, CRC (1997) 

Passive Micro optical Alignment Methods — R.A. Boudreau & S.M. Boudreau, Taylor & Francis 

Group, C.R.C(2005). 

MODULE 1 

CEL 2E 12 INDUSTRIAL PHOTONICS 

Photonics Technology ; Components -couplers, isolators, circulators, multiplexers, and fillers - 

fibre gratings, interferometers. FO amplifiers, transmitters and deletions, switches, wavelength 

converters, nonlinear effects in signal transmission, self phase and cross phase modulation, soliton 

pulse propagation. 

MODULE 2 

53 

Modulation and demodulation- signal formats, direction detection receivers, coherent detection 

test beds- Lambdanet, STARNET. Rainbow. Wavelength routing network. Optical layer in Network, 

Node design. Networking design and operation, Routing wavelength assignment. 


MODULE 3 

Control and Management _ Network management function, configuration-performance- and fault 

managements. Optical safely, Wavelength routing test beds- AON. NTTR, ONTC, MONET. 

MODULE 4 

Access network- Network architecture, HFC. FTTC. Optical Acces Network architecture, 

deployment considerations- upgrading the transmission capacity- SDM, TDM, WDM, Application 

areas -inter exchange, undersea, local exchange networks Packaging and cabling of Photonics 

componets - Photonic packet switching, OTDM, multiplexing and demultiplexing, Optical logic 

gates, Synchronization, broadcast OTDM. 

network. OTDM testbeds. 

REFERENCES 

I. Optical Networks - A Practical applications - R Ramaswami and K N Sivarajan - Marcourt 

Asia (2000) 

Photonic switching technology - H T Mouftah, J M H Elmirghani - IEE Press (1999) 

Deploying Optical Networking components - Oil Held, McCraw Hill (2001) 

4. Optical Interconnection-C Tocci, HI Caulfield, Artech House (1999) 

CEL 2E 13 BIO-PHOTONICS 

Topics for reading: Fundamentals of light as matter, basics of biology, fundamentals of light 

matter interactions, lasers, laser technology, nonlinear optics (introduction to bio-photonics by 

PN Prasad , Chapter 1 — 6). 

MODULE 1 

Photobiology; interaction of light with cells with cells and tissues, Photo-process in Biopolymershuman 

eve and vision, Photosynthesis; Photo-excitation — free space propagation, optical fibre 

delivery system, articulated arm delivery, hollow tube wave-guides. 

Optical coherence Tomogaphy, Fluorescence, resonance energy transfer imaging. 

MODULE 2 

Bio-imaging: Transmission microscopy, Kohler illumination, microscopy based on phase contrast, 

dark-field and differential interference contrast microscopy, Florescence, confocal and multiphoton 

microscopy. 

Optical Biosensors: Florescence and energy transfer sensing, molecular beacons and optical 

geometries of bio-sensing, Biosensors based on fibre optics, planer waveguides, Flow Cytometry: 

basis, flurochromes for flow cytometry, DNA analysis. 

MODULE 3 

Laser activated therapy; Photodynamic therapy, photo-sensitizers for photodynamic therapy, 

applications of photodynamic therapy, two photon photodynamic therapy. Tissue engineering 

using light; contouring and restructuring of tissues using laser, laser tissue regeneration, femtosecond 

laser surgery. 


54

MODULE 4 

Laser tweezers and laser scissors: design of Laser tweezers and laser scissors, optical trapping 

using non Guassian optical beam, manipulation of single DNA molecules, molecular motors, 

laser for Genomics and Proteomics, semi conductor Quantum dots for bio imaging, Metallic 

nano-particles and nano-rods for bio-sensing, Photonics and biomaterials: bacteria as bio-synthezers 

for photonics polymers. 

REFERENCES 

MODULE I 

Introduction to bio-photonics — P.N. Prasad Wiley Interscience (2003) (Text) 

Biomedical Photonics — A handbook — T.Vo Dinh (CRC Press) (2002) 

Optical Imaging Techniques in Cell Biology — Guy Fox, Taylor & Francis Group, C.R.C(2007). 

An Introduction to Biomedical Optics- R. Splinter & B.A. Hooper, Taylor & Francis Group, 

C.R.C(2007). 

Foundations for Nanophotonics. 

CEL 2E 14 NANOPHOTONICS 

Confinement of Photons and Electrons, Propagation Through a Classically Forbidden 

Zone:Tunneling, Localization Under a Periodic Potential: Bandgap, Cooperative Effects for 

Photons and Electrons , Nanoscale Optical Interactions, Nanoscale Confinement of Electronic 

Interactions, Quantum Confinement Effects, Nanoscale Electronic Energy Transfer. 

Near-Field Interaction and Microscopy : Near-Field Optics, Modeling of Near-Field Nanoscopic 

Interactions, Nanoscale Enhancement of Optical Interactions , Time- and Space-Resolved Studies 

of Nanoscale Dynamics. 

MODULE 2 

Quantum-Confined Materials : Quantum Wells, Quantum Wires, Quantum Dots Quantum Rings, 

Manifes,tations of Quantum Confinement , Optical Properties , Quantum-Confined Stark Effect, 

Dielectric Confinement Effect, Single-Molecule Spectroscopy, Quantum-Confined Structures as 

Lasing Media, Metallic nanostructures and their applications. 

Growth Methods for Nanomaterials, Epitaxial Growth, Laser-Assisted Vapor Deposition (LAVD). 

MODULE 3 

Characterization of Nanomaterials, X-Ray Characterization, Transmission Electron Microscopy 

(TEM) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). 

Nanostructured Molecular Architectures :Noncovalent Interactions, Nanostructured Polymeric 

Media, Molecular Machines, Dendrimers, Supramolecular Structures. 

Photonic Crystals : Basics Concepts, Methods of Fabrication, Photonic Crystal Optical Circuitry, 

Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF). 


MODULE 4 

Nanocomposites: Nanocomposite Waveguides, Random Lasers, Nanocomposites for 

Optoelectronics. 

Nanolithography, Nanoimprint Lithography. 

Bio Nanophotonics and nanomedicine : Photonic materials of biological origin, Nanoparticles 

for Optical Diagnostics. 

Biosensing, Nanoclinics for Optical Diagnostics and Targeted Therapy. 

REFERENCES 

Nanophotonics : P N Prasad, Wiley Interscience ( 2003) ( TEXT). 

Biophotonics: P N Prasad, Wiley Publications ( 2004). 

3. Nanophotonics, Heve Rigneault, ISTE ( 2006). 

MODULE I 

CEL 2E15 ADVANCED LASER SYSTEMS 

Gas lasers: General principle of population inversion in gas laser excitation and depopulation 

mechanisms-pulsed and continuous wave lasers-collision lasers. Helium Neon gas laser-energy 

levels-energy transfer-excitation methods- fabrication details-operating characteristics. He-Cd 

lasers-laser structure-excitation mechanism. 

Molocular gas lasers: Discharge in molecular CO2 - inversion mechanisms- CO2 laser modes- 

CW and pulsed CO2 lasers-power supply of CO2 lasers-laser amplifier-TEA CO2 lasers-Nitrogen 

laser-pumping method-emission characteristics-pulsed N2 laser design. Far IR gas lasers-laser 

structure and excitation mechanisms. 

MODULE II 

Ion laser: Argon ion energy levels - excitation mechanisms-fabrication of argon ion lasers-uv 

emission-Excimer and metal vapour rare gas dimers-electronic structure-rare gas excimer-energy 

level diagram - excimer decay mechanism - xenon halide and krypton halide lasers-excitation 

mechanisms - efficiency — physics of metal vapour laser-copper vapour laser-fabrication details. 

MODULE III 

Solid state lasers: properties of solid state laser materials — fluorescence emission in solids - Ruby 

Nd. YAG, Nd: Glass lasers - laser energy levels — pumping sources and cavity configurations - 

power supply - CW and pulsed operation - General ideas of the following: Tunable solid state 

lasers-Ti-sapphire and Alexandrite lasers-fiber lasers-diode pumped solid state lasers-color center 

lasers. 

MODULE IV 

Semiconductor lasers: Population inversion-threshold condition-Ga As diode laser-emission 

characteristics-hetero junction laser-tunable diode lasers- tuning methods-quantum well structurehigh 

power semiconductor diode lasers- frequency control of laser output-distributed feed back 

lasers-cleaved coupled cavity laser, surface emitting lasers, mode locking of semiconductor lasers, 

large wavelength semiconductor lasers. 


MODULE V 

Dye laser: Spectroscopy of organic ayes-fluorescence and phosphorescence- optical pumpingincoherent 

and coherent pumping-threshold condition-rate equation-cw and pulsed dye lasersturning 

mechanism-dye laser line width-ring dye laser-General ideas of the following lasers: 

Spin flip Raman laser-Free electron laser, plasma recombination laser-OPO based laser system- 

X-ray lasers and chemical lasers. 

REFERENCES 

57 

Solid State Laser Engineering - W. Koechener (Springer Verlag) 

Dye Laser - Schaffer (Springer Verlag) 

Quantum Electronics - A. Yariv (John Wiley) 

Laser Physics - Tarasov (Mir Publishers) 

Semiconductor optoelectronic Devices-Pallab Bhattacharya, (Prentice Hall India). 

Lasers: Principles and Applications-J.F.B.Hawkes, Wilson. (Prentice Hall) 

Lasers-Peter-W Miloni and Joseph H Eberly 

Laser Fundamentals-William T.Silfast (Cambridge University Press) 

SEMESTER X 

CEL 2X011 PROJECT

Five year integrated MSc Degree Course in Photonics.pdf

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