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Figure 2.13 Illustration of TWIP effect by a) Bouaziz and Embury (Bouaziz 2007) b) De Cooman et al. (DeCooman 2009) ................................................................................... 17 Figure 2.14 Comparison of True Stress – Strain for TRIP & TWIP Steels (Frommeyer 2003) ............................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 2.15 EBSD Phase Map of Fe-30Mn Annealed Microstructure (Liang 2008) ....... 20 Figure 2.16 TEM Images of a) Annealed Microstructure and b) Well-Developed Cell Structures in Fe-30Mn Alloy (Liang 2008) .................................................................... 20 Figure 2.17 Microstructural Evolution as a Function of Strain for Fe-24Mn (Liang 2008) ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 2.18 TEM Images of Fe-24Mn Alloy Microstructure at εt=0.20 (Liang 2008) ..... 22 Figure 2.19 XRD ε-Martensite Phase Analysis for Fe-30Mn & Fe-24Mn (Liang 2008) . 23 Figure 2.20 OM Revealing Grain Boundaries & Twins with Horizontal Tensile Direction at Various Strain Levels a) 0.0 b) 0.18 c) 0.26 d)0.34 (Allain 2004c) ............................. 24 Figure 2.21 Effect of Grain Size on a) Tensile Behaviour (Bouaziz 2008) b) Twinning Stress (Gutierrez-Urrutia 2010) ...................................................................................... 25 Figure 2.22 TEM Images of As-quenched Structure in Fe-22Mn-0.6C Alloy (Wang 2009) ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 2.23 TEM Images of Microstructure in Fe-22Mn-0.6C Alloy at εt=0.20 (Wang 2009) ............................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 2.24 TEM Images of Microstructure in Fe-22Mn-0.6C Alloy Cold Rolled to 70% (Wang 2009) ................................................................................................................. 28 xii
Figure 2.25 EBSD Images of Fe-22Mn-0.376C Cold Rolled Samples at Various Strains (Lü 2010)....................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 2.26 Tensile Curves of Various TWIP Steels of a) Experimental Curves of Various Compositions b) Modeled & Experimental Comparison (Bouaziz 2009) ........................ 31 Figure 4.1 Tensile Sample Geometry ............................................................................. 37 Figure 4.2 Sample Load-Unload Test ............................................................................. 39 Figure 4.3 Bauschinger Unloading Loop Behaviour ....................................................... 40 Figure 4.4 OM Image of Fracture Surface Calculation ................................................... 41 Figure 4.5 Etched Initial Microstructure of 0.4C Alloy .................................................. 42 Figure 4.6 XRD Set Up by Proto LXRD Machine .......................................................... 47 Figure 5.1 Annealed Microstructure of 0.6C Alloy ........................................................ 49 Figure 5.2 Annealed Microstructure of 0.4C Alloy ........................................................ 49 Figure 5.3 Annealed Microstructure of 0.2C Alloy ........................................................ 50 Figure 5.4 True Stress – Strain Tensile Behaviour for 0.6C Alloy .................................. 52 Figure 5.5 True Stress - Strain Tensile Behaviour for 0.4C Alloy ................................... 52 Figure 5.6 True Stress - Strain Tensile Behaviour for 0.2C Alloy ................................... 53 Figure 5.7 Tensile Behaviour (True Stress - Strain) for All Alloys ................................. 54 Figure 5.8 Work Hardening Behaviour for All Alloys .................................................... 56 Figure 5.9 Overlay of Load-Unload Test & Monotonic Tensile Test for 0.6C Alloy ...... 58 Figure 5.10 Back Stress Development in 0.6C Alloy...................................................... 58 Figure 5.11 Back Stress Development in 0.4C Alloy...................................................... 59 Figure 5.12 Back Stress Development in 0.2C Alloy...................................................... 59 xiii
Page 1: THE EFFECT OF CARBON CONTENT OF THE
Page 4 and 5: Master of Applied Science (2010) Mc
Page 6 and 7: The kinematic hardening contributed
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ........
Page 10 and 11: 4.5.4. Electropolishing ...........
Page 12 and 13: 9. APPENDIX .......................
Page 16 and 17: Figure 5.13 XRD ε-Martensite Phase
Page 18 and 19: LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Chemical C
Page 20 and 21: M.A.Sc. Thesis - E. E. Yang McMaste
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M.A.Sc. Thesis - E. E. Yang McMaste
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