History and Philosophy of Science - University of Pittsburgh Press

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NEW HISTORY OF MEDICINE Influenza A Century of Science and Public Health Response GeorGe DeHner “Flu shots are an autumn ritual for millions of Americans, but few know the history of the battle against influenza waged by physicians and public health officers around the globe over the past 120 years. Dehner explains how past pandemics, which increasingly shaped reliance upon vaccination and surveillance as prevention, evolved from local to regional to national to international responsibility. All those interested in the history of disease and the history of public health will benefit from his rich discussion of how today’s globalism is again changing how quickly diseases spread as well as the politics and requirements of influenza prevention.” —Alan M. Kraut, American University “Well researched and written, this study ranges from the Russian flu of 1889 to the swine flu of 2009, embracing biology and history, medicine and politics, drug research and government regulation. Dehner skillfully frames U. S. influenza experience in the global context and sheds new light on the power of the virus to sicken, kill, and confound.” — Carol R. Byerly, author of Fever of War: The Influenza Epidemic in the U.S. Army during World War I 2012 • 296 pp. 978-0-8229-6189-5 • Paper • $27.95 ITEM NO. 507 • SALE PRICE $22.36 eBook available In Influenza, George Dehner examines the wide disparity in national and international responses to influenza pandemics, from the russian flu of 1889 to the swine flu outbreak in 2009. He chronicles the technological and institutional progress made along the way and shows how these developments can shape an effective future policy. early pandemic response relied on methods of quarantine and individual scientific research. In the aftermath of World War II, a consensus for cooperation and shared resources led to the creation of the WHo, under the auspices of the united nations. today, the WHo maintains a large and proactive role in responding to influenza outbreaks. International pandemic response, however, is only as strong as its weakest national link—most recently evidenced in the failed early detection of the 2009 swine flu in Mexico and the delayed reporting of the 2002 SArS outbreak in China. As Dehner’s study contends, the hard lessons of the past highlight the need for a coordinated early warning system with full disclosure, shared technologies, and robust manufacturing capabilities. until the “national” aspect can be removed from the international equation, responses will be hampered, and a threat to an individual remains a threat to all. 8 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PRESS • History and Philosophy of Science
PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE NEW 2011 • 232 pp. 978-0-8229-6163-5 • Paper • $29.95 ITEM NO. 508 • SALE PRICE $23.96 eBook available Philosophy of Science Science Transformed? Debating Claims of an Epochal Break edited by AlFreD norDMAnn, HAnS rADDer, and GreGor SCHIeMAnn “Science Transformed? is an important, readily accessible book that focuses on a crucial contemporary issue: the profound transformation of science, technology, and society of the past few decades. We are witnessing a break of an ‘epochal nature,’ and Nordmann, Radder, and Schiemann have provided us with valuable insights into what is happening.” —Silvan Schweber, Brandeis University “Has science changed fundamentally during the last half century? Readymade concepts abound that claim as much: from postnormal and technoscience to the advent of a mode-2. Few are substantiated empirically. This collection does just that: probing the theses of an epochal break from a range of disciplinary vantage points, unveiling the complexity behind the fashionable rhetoric, providing fascinating insights into the new ways of research.” —Peter Weingart, Bielefeld University Advancements in computing, instrumentation, robotics, digital imaging, and simulation modeling have changed science into a technology-driven institution. Government, industry, and society increasingly exert their influence over science, raising questions of values and objectivity. these and other profound changes have led many to speculate that we are in the midst of an epochal break in scientific history. this edited volume presents an in-depth examination of these issues from philosophical, historical, social, and cultural perspectives. It offers arguments both for and against the epochal break thesis in light of historical antecedents. Contributors discuss topics such as: science as a continuing epistemological enterprise; the decline of the individual scientist and the rise of communities; the intertwining of scientific and technological needs; links to prior practices and ways of thinking; the alleged divide between mode-1 and mode-2 research methods; the commodification of university science; and the shift from the scientific to a technological enterprise. Additionally, they examine the epochal break thesis using specific examples, including the transition from laboratory to real world experiments; the increased reliance on computer imaging; how analog and digital technologies condition behaviors that shape the object and beholder; the cultural significance of humanoid robots; the erosion of scientific quality in experimentation; and the effect of computers on prediction at the expense of explanation. Whether these events represent a historic break in scientific theory, practice, and methodology is disputed. What they do offer is an important occasion for philosophical analysis of the epistemic, institutional and moral questions affecting current and future scientific pursuits. UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH PRESS • History and Philosophy of Science 9
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