"The Cruel Striker War" - NIU Digital Projects

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08, 144; and industry, 316-17, 521-29, 530-31, 657, 692-93. 10. Ibid., 639. Several clergymen "and some of the most extensive agriculturalists in Illinois" participated in the effort centered in DuPage, Will, Kendall, Kane, Boone and Bureau counties. See "Association Farmers in Chicago," New York Daily Tribune, August 6, 1850, p. 6. 11. Solon J. Buck, The Granger Movement: A Study of Agricultural Organization and Its Political, Economic and Social Manifestations, 1870-1880 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1913), 75, 94-95, 96, 127-29; D. Sven Nordin, Rich Harvest: A History of the Grange, 1867-1900 (Jackson; University of Mississippi Press, 1974), 177; and, Chester M. Destler's American Radicalism, 1865-1901 (2nd ed.; Chicago: Quadrangle Paperbacks, 1966), 8, 60. An interview with Stephen M. Smith of nearby Kewanee is in James Dabney McCabe [Edward Winslow Martin], History of the Grange Movement or the Farmers' War Against Monopolies (Philadelphia: National Publishing Company, 1873), 347-73. See also Roy V. Scott, The Agrarian Movement in Illinois, 1880-1896 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1962). The Knox County delegation to the State Farmers' Association is given in "The Convention," Chicago Daily Tribune, June 11, 1874. Chapman's History of Knox County includes some references on delegates like the old Free Soiler Anson L. Massie, 378, 417, and the Democratic George A. Charles, 186, 283, 287, 418, 419, 601. Another Knox County delegate, Charles L. Roberts, a Yankee Greenbacker also held office in the Yates City branch (No. 131) of the National Liberal League according to the directory in the 1880 issues of The Truth Seeker, the freethinkers' weekly published in New York. On Roberts, see infra, note 22. The party also discussed whether to nominate Miss Jennie McKinsley of Knox County for state office. Stephen L. Hanson discussed the composition of the Antimonopolist party in The Making of the Third Party System: Voters and Parties in Illinois, 1850-1876 (Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1980), 185-87, 189-90, 192. For its local 1874 manifestation, see Albert J. Perry's History of Knox County, Illinois: Its Cities, Towns and People (2 vols.; Chicago: The S.J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1912), I, 420, 421. 12. Ernest Elmo Calkins, They Broke the Prairie (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937), 229. George Swank, Bishop Hill, Swedish-American Showcase: History of the Bishop Hill Colony (6th ed.; Galva, Illinois: by the Author, 1985), 8, 23, 35, 36, 45, 47. Bishop Hill raised is own unit in the Civil War, Co. D of the 57th Illinois (Swank, 59), of which two veterans lived in Galesburg by 1878 (Chapman, History of Knox County, 330- 31). See also Eric Johnson Svenskarne i Illinois, Historiska anteckningar (Chicago: printed by W. Williams, 1880), 134, 138-39, 140-43, partially translated by Leroy Williamson as The Swedes in Knox County, Illinois (Galesburg: Knox County Genealogical Society, 1979), 11, 15-16. See also David C. Schoenwetter's An Abstract of residential patterns of Swedes, Irish and Germans in Galesburg, Illinois, 1860-1900 (Galesburg: Log City Books, 1978). 13. Ulf Beijdom's Swedes in Chicago: A Demographic and Social Study of the 1846-1880 Migration, trans. Donald Brown (Stockholm: Laromedelsforlagen, 1971), 160; Johnson, Svenskarne i Illinois, 134-36, 136-37, 156; or Williamson's translation, Swedes in Knox 106
County, 11-12, 13-14, 17-21, 35. The almshouse figures are from Chapman, History of Knox County, 262. 14. Chapman, History of Knox County, 630. The struggle over alcohol tended to shade class and ethnic divisions even more deeply. While there may have been pro-temperance Irish Catholics and anti-prohibition Yankee Congregationalists, these were clearly exceptions proving the rule in this locality. Galesburg's charter of 1857 permitted voters to decide whether the town would license saloons and their vote left the town officially "dry." Municipal authorities, despite a brief lapse in 1872, claimed no power to issue such permits, but the increasingly pluralistic nature of the community forced reconsideration. The local branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Union opened a Temperance Coffee Room on Prairie Street in 1875, but failed the following year to prevent a new charter authorizing liquor licensing. Chapman, History of Knox County, 473, 629-30. For the crusade of turn-of-the-century Progressives in Galesburg against the city's red light district. See Miriam C. Larsen, 57,000 Sunsets (Galesburg: Bloomberg Pioneer Museum, 1982), 153, 195,219. 15. Richard Schneirov demonstrated the vital importance of the working class presence in the metropolitan civic culture. Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, 1864-97 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998). Working class citizenship in the smaller and more face-to-face communities like Galesburg seems to have been slower in expressing its political alienation from the community, but far more likely to evoke a civic response when doing so. 16. On the BLE, see Perry, I, History of Knox County, 774-75. For Sandburg's discussion of his father's working life in a railroad shop, see his Always The Young Stranger, 6-18 passim. 17. For the CB&Q plans, see Robert Bruce's 1877: Year of Violence (2nd ed.; Chicago: Quadrangle Paperbacks, 1970), 55-56, 221, 237-39, 244, 250, 283-84, 301, 303-04. 18. Articles from the Galesburg Republican Register [hereafter RR], July 28, 1877 provide the basis of this account of the local strike movement, but see also Knoxville's Knox County Republican for "The Strikers," August 1, 1877. The Oquawka Spectator ominously reprinted "Judge Drummon on the Rights of Labor," August 9, 1877. On the strike, see, in addition to Bruce's 1877: Joseph A, Dacus, Annals of the Great Strikes in the United States (St. Louis: Scammell & Co., 1877); Philip S. Foner, The Great Labor Uprising of 1877 (New York: Monad Press, 1977); Marieanne Debouzy, "Workers' Self-Organization and Resistance in the 1877 Strikes" in American Labor and Immigration History, 1877- 1920, ed. Dirk Hoerder (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1983), 61-77. 19. On the presence of Galesburg strikers at Burlington on July 24, see the Burlington Daily Gazette, July 25, 1877, quoted in Stromquist, A Generation of Boomers, 175. Conservative observers told the Republican Register that Murphy's speech had been "ill advised, inflammatory and filled with bad counsel." On Murphy, see Chapman, History of Knox County, 696-97. A Frank Murphy in Co. D, Eleventh Virginia, according to the 107
Page 1 and 2: "The Cruel Striker War" Rail Labor
Page 3 and 4: prairie. With money "little known a
Page 5 and 6: Traveling lecturers like Ralph Wald
Page 7 and 8: at 3500. Swedes in Galesburg oversh
Page 9 and 10: made little more than common labore
Page 11 and 12: planned "excursion party" by rail t
Page 13 and 14: community and its officers. Steeped
Page 15 and 16: CB&Q stood for "Come, Boys & Quit R
Page 17 and 18: were there in full force," wrote on
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Page 21 and 22: entered a nolle prosequi in Novembe
Page 23 and 24: Knights of Labor, represented a wor
Page 25: discussed in this paper. It is the
Page 29 and 30: 23, 1886. Returns are also given in
Page 31 and 32: 40. Salmon, The Burlington Strike,

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