History of Geophysical Research in The Netherlands ... - DWC - KNAW

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Preface During the Congress of the International Union of Geological Sciences, held in 1964 at New Delhi, a resolution was adopted in which the national committees were asked to take steps to draw up the history of the geosciences in each participating country. The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, which incorporates the Netherlands Committee of Geological Sciences, invited its Geosciences Section to set up a committee to write the historical development of the geosciences in the Netherlands and its former Overseas Territories. This committee began its work in 1974. The present author was asked to write the history of geophysics, in which of course the relations with geology would be taken into account. In this book the word "geophysics" means, in particular, the physics of the solid earth, excluding the atmosphere and the oceans. This restriction is appropriate, notwithstanding the fact that the atmosphere and the oceans play their role in geological processes. But the history of geophysics, in the limitcd sense of the word, has more to do with geology than meteorology and oceanography. However, the division between the solid and the gaseous-liquid earth cannot always be maintained. For example, certain variations in thc geomagnetic field are caused by movements in the upper layers of the atmosphere. Therefore the history of ionospheric research had also to be dealt with. The order chosen for the subjects (geomagnetism, seismology, gravity, exploration) was made according to the sequence in which these chapters appear in the Netherlands geophysical research. The author has decided to limit quotations from the very great number of publications concerning Netherlands geophysics. For this reason the list of literature is incomplete; nevertheless he has attempted to mention all important publications and to discuss them very briefly. The historica I account does not go beyond the year 1980. Publications that appeared after 1980 are not included in the text (apart from a few exceptions) . The illustrations have been selected from the publications discussed or have been chosen in connection with them. In cases where they are not easily understandabie , the fundamental meaning is indicated in the caption. 8
Acknowledgements A preprint of this book (in Outch) has been issued by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI; publication number 162). I am very grateful to Or. and Mrs. Schregard us (Bilt hoven) and to Or. A. E . Stevens (Canada) for carefully reading and correcting the English version of the manuscript. Or. Stevens has not only improved the style of this book but also its composition by the rearrangement of some chapters. Anne. thank you very much! I am also indebted to others. among whom Or. Visser (Nootdorp). who drew my attention to omissions in the original version of the manuscript. I have tried to comply with their wishes and remarks . 9 J. Veldkamp
Page 1: History of Geophysical Research in
Page 4 and 5: ISBN 0-4448-5615-3 Author's address
Page 6 and 7: Section 11.3.3.1 Southeast Asia and
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER I Research in Geomagnetism
Page 13: intensity at more than 300 places i
Page 16 and 17: .... Ol Figure 4. The KNMI during t
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Page 47 and 48: As, J.A. (1973) - The compensation
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11.2.1. Work of J.G.J. Sc holte J.G
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along a fault. Block faulting can b
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of the Anatolian-Aegean block with
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11.6.1. Instrumentation at the KMMO
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(1972) tried to find arelation bet
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Collette, B.J. and K. W. Rutten (19
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Ritsema, A.R. (1962) - Pand S ampli
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Visser, S.W. (1937) - Aardbevingen
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CHAPTER 111 Research in gravity lII
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Submarine KIl KXIII KXIII K XVIII V
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the oceans. This is a consequence o
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shaped when a southeasterly crustal
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- - o - .tJ_- 7
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Veldkamp, J. (ed.) (1969) - Gravity
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a year at Angmagssalik (East Greenl
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Outside the Netherlands geophysical
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Figure 47. Launching of a meteorolo
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means of data from both seismology
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IV.6. WIND MEASUREMENTS IN THE IONO
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y W. Bosrna, S. B. Kroonenberg, R.
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Holland in 1953 to 1958. Only after
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depth of 250 to 350 meters, under t
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A major improvement in the method w
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T I M E I N 5 E C o N D 5 l2t 381 2
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tally in a processing centre. The w
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Dijkstra, J. en A. Volker (1957) -
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Koefoed, O. (1968) - The applicatio
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Veldkamp , J. (1951) - Geomagnetic
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versity of Toronto. There he was su
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