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Host
TABLE III
PlIrllsites and predators tronsferred from one part of Canadll and established in another
Apple mcalybug
Cabbage secdpod wcevil
Codling moth
European corn borer
Grasshoppers
Green pcach aphid
Oriental fruit moth
Oystershcll scale
Pea moth
Tomato hornworm
Woolly apple aphid
Parasite or Predator
Allotropa II/i/is l\Iues.
Bracoll sp.
Ascogaster carpocapsae Vicr.
Eumea caesar (Ald.)
Chelo,l/Is le).·anlls Cress.
Afanlis religiosa L.
Kellymyia kellyi (Ald.)
AphelillUS jucUlldus Gahan
From
Nova Scotia
B.C. (mainland)
Ontario (wcstcrn)
Ontllrio
Alberto
Ontario
Saskatchewan
Ontario
Temeillelm millor (Cush.) Ontario (Niagara)
Glypta rufisCIIlellaris Cress. Ontario (Niagara)
Hemisarcoplt'S malus (Shimer) Ontario
New Brunswick
Ascogaster Cllrpocapsae Vicr. Ontario
Phallerololl/a sp. Bntish Columbia
·CoII/psi/llm cOllci"nala Mcig. New Brunswick,
Nova Scotia
Aphelimls II/ali (Hald.) Ontario
To
British Columbia
B.C. (Vancouver Island)
Bntish Columbia,
Ontano (eastern)
New Brunswick
Ontario
Alberta, British
Columbia, l\'Ianitoba,
New Brunswick,
Newfoundland,
Nova Scotia,
Ontario (western),
Saskatchewan
Ontario, Quebec
British Columbia,
Quebec
Ontano (south-western)
Ontario (south-western)
British Columbia
British Columbia,
Quebec
Nova Scotia
Ontano
British Columbia
·Originally introduced into the United Stutes from Europc and later to Canada to control the gypsy moth.
It has becn established for many ycars on a wide ronge of hosts in Canada.
Canada. C. W. Smith (1939) listed 15 primary and two secondary parasites. Additional species were
listed by Buckell and Spencer (1945) and R. W. Smith (1958).
The three species of sarcophagids introduced from South America were obtained in Argentina
and Uruguay (C. W. Smith, 1939). They were Acridiopltaga caridei (Breth), Protodexia australis BI.,
and Tephromyiella tleuquelletlsis BI. They arc internal parasites of late nymphal and adult grasshoppers,
overwinter in the soil as fully developed larvae, and have two or more generations per year. Small
colonies of A. condei were released in Ontario in 1939 and 1944 (R. W. Smith, 1944). Colonies of
from 12+ to 778 of P. australis were released in Alberta in 1946 and 1948, British Columbia in 1947,
in Ontario in 1943 to 1946 and 1948 and in Saskatchewan in 1949. A colony of 119 T. tleuquenensis
was released in Alberta in 1948, and 20 in Ontario in 1945 and 36 in 1946. None of these parasites
became established.
The predator transferred from Ontario to eastern and western Canada was Mantis religiosa L.
It originated in Europe, was accidentally introduced into North America, and was first reported
in New York State in 1899 and in Prince Edward County, Ontario, in 1914 (James, 1942). It is
predacious on many small insects in its nymphal stages but primarily on grasshoppers and criekets
when it is mature. It has one generation per year and passes the winter in the egg stage in an ootheca.
Oothecae and nymphs were collected in Ontario and shipped to Alberta, British Columbia,
Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia and Saskatchewan. Releases in the Okanagan
Valley of British Columbia in 1937 and 1938 resulted in initial establishment but the insect has not
been observed in recent years and there is no evidence of its permanent establishment in British
Columbia or the other provinces to which it was transferred.
KeUymyia kelly; (Ald.) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) is a native parasite. It was obtained from
grasshoppers in western Canada, propagated in the laboratory, and released in Ontario in 1951 to
1953 and in Quebec in 1954. There is no evidence that it became established in either province. It