Severe Plastic Deformation of Ferritic and Austenitic Steels

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$dissertation global and local fracture properties of metal matrix ...$

Appendix VII.2 HR-TEM microstructures of grade A220 (Fe-Cr-Ni) austenitic steel deformed at -196°C The sample which was deformed at -196°C was conducted to High Resolution (HR)TEM. At this temperature the deformation is facilitated by the formation of εmartensite. Even in this microstructure small substructure free grains are observed which may be generated by the stress induced boundary migration or the reverse transformation of ε-martensite into nanocrystalline austenite. Fig. A.3: HR-TEM micrographs of type A220 austenitic steel deformed at -196°C. The microstructure at very low THPT is characterized a) by small substructure free grains and b) by the deformation induced martensite transformation γ(fcc) → ε(hcp). 60
VII.3 Stress-strain response of type A220 (Fe-Cr-Ni) austenitic steel deformed at different HPT temperatures Appendix Specimens for tensile testing were carefully prepared from discs deformed at various deformation temperatures (see chapter IV). The samples were pulled in a Kammrath&Weiss© tensile machine. The setup for the slow strain rate tests which are described in chapter V is shown in Fig. A.5. Fig. A.4: Stress-strain curves of severely deformed A220 austenitic steel. The HPT processing temperature varies from -196°c to 720°C. All discs were deformed to εvM of 45 at radius 3 mm. Fig. A.5: SSRT setup. The tensile tests of various processing states of the austenitic steel A220 were performed in inert and corrosive environment at 123°C. 61
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Severe Plastic Deformation of Ferri
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Affidavit IV I declare in lieu of o
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Danksagung Mein Dank gilt natürlic
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Abstract thermal treatments for sho
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Kurzfassung Das großtechnisch am w
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Contents IV.4 Evolution of the Micr
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Chapter I SPD provide several benef
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Chapter I I.3 Principle of High Pre
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Chapter I Fig. 1.3: The big HPT too
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Chapter I behaviour. Slip dissoluti
Page 22 and 23: Chapter II Fig. 2.1: Steady-state m
Page 24 and 25: Chapter II Fig. 2.4: In-situ torque
Page 26 and 27: Chapter II 14
Page 28 and 29: Chapter III 16 Fe C Cr Cu Ni Co Si
Page 30 and 31: Chapter III III.2 Magnetic Properti
Page 32 and 33: Chapter III cooling-down process to
Page 34 and 35: Chapter III Ring Method The SQUID a
Page 36 and 37: Chapter III independent on the appl
Page 38 and 39: Chapter III 26
Page 40 and 41: Chapter IV The effect of Mn on aust
Page 42 and 43: Chapter IV the designations denote
Page 44 and 45: Chapter IV Fig. 4.4: In-situ torque
Page 46 and 47: Chapter IV Fig. 4.5: a) Microstruct
Page 48 and 49: Chapter IV TEM studies. Transmissio
Page 50 and 51: Chapter IV conditions such as the a
Page 52 and 53: Chapter IV the average grain size i
Page 54 and 55: Chapter IV 42 For each processing t
Page 56 and 57: Chapter V substructure-free, fully
Page 58 and 59: Chapter V (I) High local stresses o
Page 60 and 61: Chapter V Fig. 5.4: Stress-strain c
Page 62 and 63: Chapter V Fig. 5.6: SSRT fracture s
Page 64 and 65: Chapter V (III) A high hydrogen abs
Page 66 and 67: Conclusions discontinuous dynamic r
Page 68 and 69: Conclusions From the technical poin
Page 70 and 71: Appendix 58
Page 74 and 75: Appendix VII.4 SSRT fracture surfac
Page 76 and 77: Appendix Fig A.9: Higher magnificat
Page 78 and 79: Appendix VII.5 Microstructures foll
Page 80 and 81: List of Appended Papers Paper E S.
Page 82 and 83: Paper A 1. Introduction Over the la
Page 84 and 85: Paper A transmission electron micro
Page 86 and 87: Paper A Fig. 4: BSE images of HPT d
Page 88 and 89: Paper A Fig. 7: SEM images of HPT d
Page 90 and 91: Paper A temperatures and it seems t
Page 92 and 93: Abstract Paper B iIIiB Tailoring th
Page 94 and 95: Fig. 1: Dimensions and orientation
Page 96 and 97: Paper B evaluated to quantify the s
Page 98 and 99: Paper B grained metallic materials
Page 100 and 101: Paper C iIIiC Using Ring Samples to
Page 102 and 103: Paper C All sets of samples were de
Page 104 and 105: Paper C Therefore the rings for the
Page 106 and 107: Paper C (iv) The stress distributio
Page 108 and 109: Paper D 1. Introduction Metals and
Page 110 and 111: Paper D Fig. 2: Sequence of microgr
Page 112 and 113: Paper D approximately 0.4 µm; a se
Page 114 and 115: Paper D behaviour was studied in-si
Page 116 and 117: Paper E 1. Introduction Recrystalli
Page 118 and 119: Paper E consist of a substructure w
Page 120 and 121: Paper E the centre to the edge afte
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Paper E suspended. This indicates t
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Paper F 1. Introduction Over the pa
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Paper F F - 4 Fig. 1: Schematic ill
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Paper F Fig. 2 demonstrates the rad
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Paper F strains the initial coarse
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Paper F Fig. 6: a) TEM micrograph o
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Paper F Fig. 7: Sequence of TEM mic
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Paper F Fig. 7g represents the micr
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Paper F 4. Discussion The present s
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Paper F Ad iii) It is well known th
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Paper F 5. Conclusions A deformatio
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Severe Plastic Deformation of Ferritic and Austenitic Steels

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