Report on future detector requirements at ESRF

Flux on detector:
The flux can reach 10 12 photons/s/pixel (with 100x100 µm 2 pixels) in few pixels and is much
less in the other pixels: possibly 0.1 photon/s/pixel.
Particular operating conditions:
The sample can be submitted to high pressure, high or low temperatures, electric or magnetic
fields but this should have no effect on the detector itself, except in the case of PMF, where
the stray magnetic fields can reach 0.1 T. If the pixel size is smaller, the detector will be
placed closer to the sample and will be more exposed to the stray fields.
Intense diffraction peaks can reach the detector either when carrying out single crystal
diffraction experiments or even in high pressure experiments due to the use of diamond
windows. Thus, the radiation damage risk should be estimated. Nevertheless, current
detectors have never been significantly damaged by irradiation, probably due to the dose
reduction at high energy linked to the absorption drop.
Required detector
The required detector is a large 2D detector, with good efficiency at high energy and
improved readout time.
Existing detectors
ID06, ID09 and ID27 currently use Mar345 image plate, which fulfils quite well the needs
considering the existing available technologies. Main drawbacks are the very long readout
time (2 minutes) as well as high background and vibrations. ID27 also uses Mar165 CCD,
which is faster but has still a long readout time (4 seconds), low sensitivity at high energy and
small detecting area.
ID11 uses FReLoN 2k and 4M cameras and would prefer to use a photon counting detector in
order to avoid corrections for the gain of the system, perform shutterless experiments and to
have better dynamic range.
ID15 uses a Pixium flat panel, which appears noisier and slower than desired for their
applications.
Short term possibilities
The Mar555 a-Se flat panel would permit significant progresses in terms of size and
efficiency. A Pilatus type detector, adapted to high energy with high Z sensor, could be
promising. Medium term solution could also consist in tiling CCD sensors (such as Rigaku
Satrun A200 or Quantum 315) with high-Z screens.
Main required improvements
The main expected improvement concerns efficiency, where there is space to gain one order
of magnitude. Then, improvements on number of pixels, speed and noise are also desired.
Integration of the detector on the beamline (hardware and software…) is an important issue.
Other types of detectors
UPBL02 requires also other 2D detectors (see pages 30 and 71) and energy dispersive
detector (see page 99).
ID09HP, ID06LVP, ID15WB project requires also another 2D detector (see page 30) and
energy dispersive detector (see page 99).
MatSci uses also a combination of three 2D detectors in order to reconstruct an image of the
structure of the sample (grains, strains…). This system combines two detectors, each one
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