Molecular characterization of endemic salmonella infections ... - Evira

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ABBREVIATIONS AFLP amplified fragment length polymorphism AP-PCR arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction bp base pair CHEF clamped homogeneous electric field DNA deoxyribonucleic acid DT definitive type ΔTm differences between melting temperature (midpoint in denaturation of DNA) EDTA ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid EELA National Veterinary and Food Research Institute EFSA European Food Safety Authority ERIC-PCR Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction ET electrotype Evira Finnish Food Safety Authority FAFLP fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism FSCP Finnish Salmonella control programme F-value coefficient of similarity-value G+C guanine + cytosine H antigen flagellar antigen IS insertion sequence kb kilobase M molar (mol/litre) MAPLT multiple amplification of phage locus typing MDa megadalton MLEE multilocus enzyme electrophoresis MLST multilocus sequence typing MLVA multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeats analysis O antigen somatic antigen PCR polymerase chain reaction pf pulsed-field PFGE pulsed-field gel electrophoresis RAPD random amplified polymorphic DNA REP-PCR repetitive extragenic palindromic-polymerase chain reaction RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism rRNA ribosomal ribonucleic acid SAFLP single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism spv salmonella plasmid virulence UPGMA unweigthed pair group method using arithmetic averages UV ultraviolet light Vi antigen surface antigen VNTR variable number of tandem repeats 9
ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS The dissertation is based on the following original articles, which are referred to in the text by their Roman numerals (I-IV). I Lindqvist N., Heinikainen S., Toivonen A-M. and Pelkonen S. (1999) Discrimination between endemic and feedborne Salmonella Infantis infection in cattle by molecular typing. Epidemiology and Infection, 122: 497-504. II Lindqvist N and Pelkonen S. (2007) Genetic surveillance of endemic bovine Salmonella Infantis infection. Acta Vet Scand, 49:15. III Lindqvist N., Siitonen A. and Pelkonen S. (2002) Molecular follow-up of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona infection in cattle and humans. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 40: 3648-3653. IV Lindqvist N., Heinikainen S., Siitonen A. and Pelkonen S. (2004) Molecular characterisation of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT1 isolates. Epidemiology and Infection, 132: 263-272. Offprints are published with the kind permission from their copyright holders: Cambridge University Press (I, IV) and the American Society for Microbiology (III). The copyright for (II) is held by the authors. "Epidemiology is defined as the study of the frequency, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in populations (Martin et al 1987) and the application of this study to the prevention and control of health problems (Last 1995)". 10
Page 1 and 2: Evira Research Reports 3/2008 Nanna
Page 3 and 4: Supervised by Professor Sinikka Pel
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS ABSTRACT 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Page 7 and 8: ABSTRACT Salmonellosis is one of th
Page 9: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was car
Page 13 and 14: wanted to see the long term genetic
Page 15 and 16: Salmonella in 1989. Therefore, the
Page 17 and 18: Salmonella Dublin primarily localiz
Page 19 and 20: 2.2.3 Salmonella in cattle in the E
Page 21 and 22: considered endemic in Finland from
Page 23 and 24: In the Hazard Analysis and Critical
Page 25 and 26: Antimicrobial susceptibility testin
Page 27 and 28: The acquisition or loss of a plasmi
Page 29 and 30: In the 1990s, ribotyping was widely
Page 31 and 32: IS200-typing in S. Thompson yielded
Page 33 and 34: 2.4.2.6 Polymerase chain reaction (
Page 35 and 36: and one serotype did not always cor
Page 37 and 38: ibotyping (Millemann et al 2000). T
Page 39 and 40: and that could be used for discrimi
Page 41 and 42: number of hits 250 200 150 100 50 0
Page 43 and 44: 3. AIMS OF THE STUDY The aim of thi
Page 45 and 46: 4.1.2 S. Agona isolates (III) The i
Page 47 and 48: Biolabs, Beverly, MA, USA). The rea
Page 49 and 50: 4.2.3 Ribotyping and IS200-typing (
Page 51 and 52: 5. RESULTS 5.1 S. Infantis (I, II)
Page 53 and 54: Ribo- and IS200-types (II). Fiftyse
Page 55 and 56: in human isolates of domestic origi
Page 57 and 58: 5.3 S. Typhimurium DT1 (IV) PFGE pr
Page 59 and 60: Neither large nor small plasmids we
Page 61 and 62:
analysed isolates. The banding patt
Page 63 and 64:
type pf1 was detected again. The se
Page 65 and 66:
We saw a total of 39 different PFGE
Page 67 and 68:
a connection with fur animals, whic
Page 69 and 70:
molecular analyses of S. Typhimuriu
Page 71 and 72:
6.3.2 S. Typhimurium DT1 infection
Page 73 and 74:
Table 2. The applicability of the m
Page 75 and 76:
(Table 2, continued) S. Typhimurium
Page 77 and 78:
interpretation of banding patterns
Page 79 and 80:
7. CONCLUSIONS 1. The genotype of t
Page 81 and 82:
Barton BM, Harding GP, Zuccarelli A
Page 83 and 84:
Cooke FJ, Wain J, Fookes M, Ivens A
Page 85 and 86:
Fisher IST. The Enter-net internati
Page 87 and 88:
Jones PW, Collins P, Brown GT, Aitk
Page 89 and 90:
Lindstedt B-A, Vardund T, Aas L, Ka
Page 91 and 92:
Nair S, Schreiber E, Thong KL, Pang
Page 93 and 94:
Peters TM, Maguire C, Threlfall EJ,
Page 95 and 96:
Seuna E. Salmonella infections of b
Page 97 and 98:
Threlfall EJ, Hampton MD, Ward LR,
Page 99:
Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira
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