adapted swimming sports and rehabilitation

Table 1. The Duration of Expending One Unit (80kcal) during
Treadmill Walking in Water.
velocity (km/h) young subjects (min) Olderly subjects (min)
1 41.66±4.56 (41’39’’) 39.73±6.54 (39’44’’)
2 33.37±4.59 (33’22’’) 31.94±4.49 (31’56’’)
3 24.86±5.23 (24’51’’) 24.93±4.18 (24’56’’)
DISCUSSION
It was made clear that older people’s HR on land at rest was
higher, the rate of decease in HR in water at rest was lower and
the rate of increase in HR while exercising was higher than the
young’s. From this, it was suggested that older people’s Venous
Return could prevent promotion by comparison with the young.
The aerobic ability of older people has decreased by comparison
with the young. As a result, we thought that older people’s
absolute VO 2 became the same as the young’s. So we could
have to consider the duration of exercise for the patient whose
body weight deviates from these subjects. For example, if
patient’s weight is too high when compared with the young
subjects’ we should change the duration by decreasing it.
When introducing exercise we should start at lower durations,
too. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan
advises that diabetes patients should exercise enough to sweat
a little while having a conversation with their neighbor easily
for about 30 minutes per day. So we could say that our index is
fit for these patients.
As said in the introduction it is clear that exercise on land
reduces the renal blood flow rate but that in water it is maintained.
By exercising on land or in water our muscles can use
glucose easily and glucose metabolism is improved; so they
should exercise. Including diabetes patients that may develop
diabetic renal disease, we could say that for diabetes patients
exercise in water is the best choice of training for preventing
deterioration of diabetes.
Almost all Japanese people live on rice. The energy of a half
cup of rice is about 80 kcal. So, in the diet of diabetics in
Japan, the unit conversion which designates 80 kcal as one unit
has been used. It suggests that the index calculated in this
study is useful for the patients exercising by themselves, too.
We calculated the duration of water level that is at Processus
xiphoideus, too. The results were 62’41’’ (1km/h), 50’33’’
(2km/h) and 37’51’’ (3km/h). If the water level goes up to the
Processus xiphoideus, the duration for expending one unit
becomes long. It is showed that the strength of the exercise is
lower than at Trochanter major. So introducing exercise for the
patients we should start at the Processus xiphoideus level.
CONCLUSION
In this study we calculated the duration of expending one unit
(80kcal) of energy during treadmill walking in water to obtain
the standard data to improve diabetes. Older people’s one unit
data was equal to the young’s. We could expect to prevent the
health of those with aggravation of diabetes or improve it using
the one unit index. Using this index, we can connect it to the
QOL maintenance or the improvement of life for patients with
diabetes patients who also are at an advanced age.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
For his assistance with the study the authors would like to
thank Michael J. Kremenik, an associate professor at the
Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki.
ADAPTED SWIMMING SPORTS AND REHABILITATION
REFERENCES
1. Ono K, Ito M, Kawaoka T, Kawano H, Shiba D, Seno N,
Terawaki F, Nakajima M, Nishimura K, Onodera S (2005).
Changes in heart rate, rectal temperature and oxygen uptake
during treadmill walking in water and walking in a pool.
Journal of Kawasaki Medical Welfare Society 14: 323-330.
2. Hung CT (1989). Food exchange list based on 80-kilocalorie
rice unit. Taiwan yi xue hui za zhi. Journal of the Formosan
Medical Association, 88: 595-600.
3. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (2005). Dietary
Reference Intakes for Japanese. Tokyo. Japan: Dai-ichi Syuppan
Publishing Co. LTD.
MOVEMENT ANALYSIS IN CAD-PATIENTS
Lutz Schega1,2 , Daniel Daly2 1Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Institute of Sport Science,
Germany
2K.U. Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Belgium.
Changes in movement parameters under various load conditions
during breaststroke swimming were assessed in Coronary
Artery Disease (CAD) patients. Kinematic analysis of time-discrete
and time-continuous characteristics, and timing of the
swim-movement was made during a breaststroke “load-steptest”
in a flume for 26 male CAD-patients. Factor analysis was
applied. The path of hands, feet and hips, the pause between
propulsive phases and the angle of attack of hip-shoulder-water
surface are of crucial importance in patients with CAD. These
findings are supported by the factor analysis where comparable
parameters were found to be of relevance. Results did indicate
large individual variations in time-continues characteristics.
Key Words: swimming, rehabilitation, biomechanics, coronary
artery disease.
INTRODUCTION
The importance of physical activity in patients with Coronary
Artery Disease (CAD) is undisputable. The aim of sport related
rehabilitation is to develop an optimal specific program depending
on the current condition of the individual. Nevertheless
such programs focus primarily on physiological adaptations
although it is well known that changes in the movement may
influence this. The physiological adaptation to immersion in
various water temperatures and the duration of immersion have
often been investigated in this population (e.g. 1,2). Few scientific
reports (5, 8), however, provide information on the actual
swimming movement in patients with cardiac disease. Some
studies have provided indications of the influence of movement
changes on physiological responses from a qualitatively point of
view, for example by Bücking et al. (2) and Meyer & Bücking
(9). No quantitatively analysis has been reported however. The
goal of this study, therefore, was to assess the changes in movement
parameters of CAD patients under different load conditions
during breaststroke swimming.
METHODS
Two-dimensional movement analysis (SIMI-Motion) was made
during a flume “load-step-test” in breaststroke of 26 male
CAD-patients: age, 59yrs. (± 8.2), infarct age, 8yrs. (± 6.8),
Rev Port Cien Desp 6(Supl.2) 351-357 355