Nuclear/Biological/Chemical (NBC) Defense - Federation of ...

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dependent fashions. Joint Medical NBC Defense Research Programs Threat Category: Combined Radiation and Chemical or Biological Agents The countermeasures, technical barriers, and accomplishments in the threat area of combined effects of nuclear ionizing radiation with trauma, burns, infection, or chemical toxicants radiation and trauma, burns, and infection are outlined below. Countermeasures: • Radiotherapeutic agents designed to decrease morbidity and mortality from multi-organ system failure due to the combined effects of radiation, trauma, burns, and infection or chemical toxicants. • Radioprotective drugs designed to harden the soldier against the effects of radiation in combination with trauma, burns, infection, or chemical toxicants. • Combined therapeutic agents designed to decrease morbidity and mortality from combined exposures and to enhance innate immune responses. • Computer models for predicting casualties following combined exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation and biological warfare/chemical warfare agent aerosols. Technical Barriers: • No surrogate models for extrapolating data to humans. • Limited animal models that are optimum for both radiation and a biological warfare or chemical warfare agent. • Need to gain access to radiation sources and biological containment facilities in order to complete full range of experiments on combined effects of radiation and BW agents. • Growing number of microbial organisms resistant to antibiotics. • Accounting for variability in sensitivities of biological systems to different radiation qualities (e.g., neutron vs. gamma radiation). • Mechanism of action of cell-growth factors is not well understood. • Sensitivity of bone marrow progenitor cells to low doses of ionizing radiation. Accomplishments: • Quantified increased mortality rates in irradiated mice infected via pulmonary route with Bacillus anthracis (Sterne) spores. • Initiated studies to assess effects of radiation on immune status after vaccination with anthrax vaccine. • Established in vitro and in vivo model systems to assess radiation/viral interactions. • Established capability to integrate health consequences of radiation/biological warfare agent interactions, extrapolated from animal model studies, into the Consequence Assessment Tool Set (CATS). • Identified synergistic consequence of combined exposure to sublethal radiation and therapeutic levels of PB resulting in redistribution of blood flow. • Developed enhanced treatments for radiation-associated infections using immune system stimulators. D-29
NBC Defense Annual Report D-30 Threat Category: Embedded Depleted Uranium The countermeasures, technical barriers, and accomplishments in the threat area of embedded depleted uranium are outlined below. Countermeasures: • Rapid assessment clinical analyses to identify personnel wounded with embedded depleted uranium. • Safe and effective treatment strategies to minimize long-term health risks. Technical Barriers: • Determining the redistribution and toxicological consequences of exposure to embedded fragments of depleted uranium. • Developing the reagents needed to improve sensitivity of tests to detect uranium. • Developing or modifying pharmacological treatments to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity. Accomplishments: • Determined from studies designed to simulate embedded depleted uranium that depleted uranium from embedded fragments distributes to tissues far from the site of implantation. • Described preliminary findings of carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity of embedded depleted uranium fragments. • Developed a new method for the colorimetric measurement of urinary uranium concentration. • Developed a new method for the identification of uranium fragments in wounds. D.3.3 Predevelopment Products Technical developments in predevelopment products for medical radiological defense include the following: • Iloprost/Misoprostol/3D-MPL/WR-3689 • “Slow release” radioprotectant for longer protection time for individuals at risk of high, potentially lethal levels of ionizing radiation. • Nontoxic immune system stimulator for protection against radiation-induced immunosuppression and associated infection. • CATS model enhancements to incorporate radiation/BW interactions. • Product improvement of the cytogenetic biodosimetry system by automation of satellite scoring subsystem to increase sample throughput. • Rapid and sensitive method to measure urinary uranium concentration.
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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NUCLEAR/BIOLO
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Executive Summary The National Defe
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OVERVIEW OF REPORT Executive Summar
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Table of Contents Page EXECUTIVE SU
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Table of Contents 5. Medical.......
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Table of Contents TABLES AND FIGURE
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I. PURPOSE Introduction This report
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II. THE CURRENT CHEMICAL AND BIOLOG
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Introduction However, it is suspect
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purchase dual-use biotech equipment
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Chapter 1 DoD Chemical and Biologic
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Program Management and Oversight Th
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Program Management and Oversight it
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Program Management and Oversight ac
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Chapter 2 Non-Medical Nuclear, Biol
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Non-Medical NBC Defense Requirement
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2.4 PROTECTION Non-Medical NBC Defe
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Table 2-7. Protection RDA Efforts N
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2.5.3 Joint Service Decontamination
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Chapter 3 Medical Nuclear, Biologic
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Medical NBC Defense Requirements an
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Chapter 4 Nuclear, Biological, and
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NBC Defense Logistics Status requir
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NBC Defense Logistics Status Both D
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RISK ASSESSMENT: NBC Defense Logist
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Table 4-1. Logistic Risk Assessment
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NBC Defense Logistics Status protec
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4.8 NBC DEFENSE LOGISTICS SUPPORT A
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4-15 NOMENCLATURE NSN TOTAL SERVICE
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4-17 Table 4-2b. Army Logistics Rea
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4-19 Table 4-3b. Air Force Logistic
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4-21 NOMENCLATURE NSN TOTAL SERVICE
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4-23 Table 4-4b. Navy Logistics Rea
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4-25 Table 4-5b. Marine Corps Logis
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4-27 Table 4-6. Defense Logistics A
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APPENDIX 2 FIELDED NBC DEFENSE ITEM
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NBC Defense Logistics Status manufa
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NBC Defense Logistics Status requir
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NBC Defense Logistics Status The M2
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5.1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 5 Nuclear,
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NBC Defense Readiness and Training
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In FY 98, 38 courses were taught co
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5.3.3 Navy NBC Defense Readiness an
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5.4.5 Marine Corps NBC Defense Prof
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5.6 INTEGRATION OF REALISM/WARGAMES
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5.7.3 Air Force NBC Defense Readine
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NBC Defense Annual Report CW muniti
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NBC Defense Annual Report 6-4 (INTE
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NBC Defense Annual Report fielded t
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NBC Defense Annual Report A-4 M272
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NBC Defense Annual Report the M8A1
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NBC Defense Annual Report platform
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NBC Defense Annual Report A-10 SECT
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NBC Defense Annual Report A-12 Ship
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NBC Defense Annual Report A-14 to a
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NBC Defense Annual Report A-16 Crit
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NBC Defense Annual Report A-18 will
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NBC Defense Annual Report A-20 NBC
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NBC Defense Annual Report A-22 (INT
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NBC Defense Annual Report B-2 MCU-2
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NBC Defense Annual Report B-4 ANCIL
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Page 231 and 232: E-3 ($ in millions) 900 800 700 600
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Page 243 and 244: DSO - Defense Sciences Office DTAP
Page 245 and 246: metL, thrA - methionine biosynthesi
Page 247: -V- VCA - Voice Communication Adapt
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