Offshore Wind Power Projects in the Great Lakes - Ministry of ...

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Offshore wind power projects in the Great Lakes: Background information and science considerations for fish and fish habitat Type of investigation Installation and monitoring of individual offshore research platforms (cont’d) Monitoring studies at small-scale pilot wind power projects What can be learned • Fish use or preference for scour protection structures comprised of different types and sizes of materials, or designed with different heights, slopes, and total surface area • Noise and turbidity levels associated with the installation of cables and different foundation types (monopile vs. gravity base); feasibility or effectiveness of different constructionphase mitigation measures in the field • Noise levels associated with operating wind turbines at different wind speeds; strength of EMFs from different cables • Extent of scour around individual turbine foundations; changes to sedimentary processes and local current strength and direction from presence of submerged structures; potential for additive or interactive effects from multiple turbines can be assessed • Changes in the distribution and abundance of local fish species resulting from the construction and/or operation of multiple wind turbines can be monitored • Identity (species diversity) and colonization rates of fouling community on different foundation material types • Fish use/preference for scour protection structures with different types and sizes of materials, different heights and slopes, and different configurations, shapes or layouts Limitations • Long-term studies required to monitor invertebrate colonization rates, potential fish use of new habitat • Site-specific biotic and abiotic conditions will strongly influence findings; measured effects will depend on location and timing and cannot always be used to predict effects at other sites • Duration of construction activities for several turbine units much shorter than for commercial scale projects; cannot assess the impact of prolonged and repeated disturbance on fish distribution and abundance • Operational noise from several turbine units might not reflect underwater sound levels and extent of hydroacoustic impact that could result from larger projects • Strength of emitted EMFs from power transmission cables changes with the voltage and amperage being carried, which in turn depends on the number of turbines generating electricity • Long-term studies required to monitor invertebrate colonization rates, potential fish use of new habitat • Site-specific biotic and abiotic conditions will strongly influence findings; measured effects will depend on location and timing and cannot always be used to predict effects at other sites Aquatic Research and Development Section 98
Offshore wind power projects in the Great Lakes: Background information and science considerations for fish and fish habitat Type of investigation Monitoring studies at commercial-scale demonstration projects What can be learned • Noise and turbidity levels associated with the installation of cables and different foundation types (monopile vs. gravity base); feasibility or effectiveness of different constructionphase mitigation measures in the field • Noise levels associated with operating wind turbines at different wind speeds; strength of EMFs from different cables types and around multiple closely arrayed cables; feasibility and effectiveness of different operational-phase mitigation measures in the field • Extent of scour, changes in current velocity and sedimentary processes around individual turbine foundations and throughout the project area; potential for additive or interactive, as well as far-field effects from multiple turbines can be assessed • Changes in the distribution and abundance of local fish species resulting from the construction and/or operation of an offshore wind power project in the Great Lakes can be monitored • Identity (species diversity) and colonization rates of fouling community on different foundation material types • Fish use or preference for scour protection structures comprised of different types and sizes of materials, designed with different heights and slopes, and when multiple “reefs” are configured in different shapes or layouts, or are connected • Potential benefits to recreational fisheries and/or potential interference with commercial fisheries can be assessed Limitations • Long-term studies required to monitor invertebrate colonization rates, potential fish use of new habitat, and changes in fish recruitment, biomass, populations and assemblages • Site-specific biotic and abiotic conditions will strongly influence findings; measured effects will depend on location and timing and cannot always be used to predict effects at other sites Aquatic Research and Development Section 99
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