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c) Does the inverter satisfy the static discipline if the VIL specification was changed to VIL = 2.5 V? Explain. d) What is the maximum value of VIL for which the inverter will satisfy the static discipline? e) What is the minimum value of VIH for which the inverter will satisfy the static discipline? exercise 6.4 Consider, again, the inverter circuit shown in Figure 6.60. The MOSFET has a threshold voltage VT = 2 V. Assume that VS = 5 V and RL = 10k. For this exercise, model the MOSFET using its switch-resistor model. Assume that the on-state resistance of the MOSFET is RON = 8k. a) Does the inverter satisfy the static discipline, which has voltage thresholds given by VOL = VIL = 1 V and VOH = VIH = 4 V? Explain. b) Does the inverter satisfy the static discipline for the voltage thresholds VOL = VIL = 2.5 V and VOH = VIH = 3 V? Explain. c) Draw the input versus output voltage transfer curve for the inverter. d) Is there any value of VIL for which the inverter will satisfy the static discipline? Explain. e) Now assume that RON = 1k and repeat parts (a), (b), and (c). exercise 6.5 Compute the worst-case power consumed by the inverter shown in Figure 6.60. The MOSFET has a threshold voltage VT = 2 V. Assume that VS = 5V and RL = 10 k. Model the MOSFET using its switch-resistor model, and assume that the on-state resistance of the MOSFET is RON = 1k. exercise 6.6 Consider again the circuits in Figure 6.59. Using the switchresistor model of the MOSFET, choose minimum values for the various resistors in Figure 6.59 so each circuit satisfies the static discipline with voltage thresholds given by VIL = VOL = VS/10 and VIH = VOH = 4VS/5. Assume the on-state resistance of the MOSFET is RON and that its turn-on threshold voltage VT = VS/9. exercise 6.7 Consider a family of logic gates that operates under the static discipline with the following voltage thresholds: VOL = 0.5 V, VIL = 1.6 V, VOH = 4.4 V, and VIH = 3.2 V. a) Graph an input-output voltage transfer function of a buffer satisfying the four voltage thresholds. b) What is the highest voltage that can be output by an inverter for a logical 0 output? 6.12 Summary CHAPTER SIX 323 A A A B A B R 3 R 1 (c) FIGURE 6.59 IN FIGURE 6.60 (a) V S R 8 V S (d) V S R 2 R4 OUT (b) VS R6 OUT V S R L OUT V S R 7 OUT C EN R 5 C B OUT
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In Praise of Foundations of Analog
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about the authors Anant Agarwal is
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Publisher: Denise E. M. Penrose Pub
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contents Material marked with WWW a
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5.6 Number Representation .........
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10.5 State and State Variables ....
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13.6 Time Domain versus Frequency D
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A.1.2 The Second Constraint of the
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xx PREFACE treat networks of passiv
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xxii PREFACE Chapter 5 introduces t
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xxiv PREFACE ◮ Labs. A collection
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the circuit abstraction 1‘‘Engi
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Physics Computer Circuits and archi
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analogous to the point mass simplif
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ook from the broad perspective of a
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elation between the terminal curren
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1.4 Limitations of the Lumped Circu
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seriously affect the circuit behavi
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1.5 Practical Two-Terminal Elements
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Area a l 1.5 Practical Two-Terminal
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with unit length and width, show th
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signal values are derived as a func
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However, as introduced in Chapter 9
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Now, suppose the 3 V battery is con
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Thus the power delivered by the bat
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markings inside it, as in Figure 1.
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example 1.17 more on terminal varia
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Before proceeding further, it is im
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V(t) + - + V - R m (a) R + v t - 1.
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p max i p max 1.7 Modeling Physical
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and our familiar lightbulb circuit
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a battery, wires, and a lightbulb.
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Native and Non-Native Signal Repres
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◮ The amount of energy w(t) consu
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exercise 1.2 a) The battery on your
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chapter 2 2.1 TERMINOLOGY 2.2 KIRCH
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54 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks F
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56 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks d
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58 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks i
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60 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks 1
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66 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks T
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68 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks +
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70 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks e
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74 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks v
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76 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks R
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80 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks I
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82 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks R
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100 CHAPTER TWO resistive networks
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chapter 3 3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 THE
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120 CHAPTER THREE network theorems
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chapter 4 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO NONLI
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194 CHAPTER FOUR analysis of nonlin
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(a) + V - R2 I0 R3 i3 (c) + V - R 1
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chapter 5 5.1 VOLTAGE LEVELS AND TH
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244 CHAPTER FIVE the digital abstra
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the mosfet switch 6 This chapter in
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i S + v - + V - Control = “0” C
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6.3 The MOSFET Device and Its S Mod
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6.4 MOSFET Switch Implementation of
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6.4 MOSFET Switch Implementation of
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A B 6.4 MOSFET Switch Implementatio
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348 CHAPTER SEVEN the mosfet amplif
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the small-signal model 8 8.1 OVERVI
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v i V I + - + - v O V S V T V S R L
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Our goal is to use the Taylor serie
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From Equation 8.1 we know that 8.2
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A systematic procedure for finding
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4. Complete the small-signal analys
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example 8.1 a mosfet with its gate
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The output operating current ID is
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|Gain| 20 10 V T = 1 V sense, since
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suppose the first stage is biased a
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v i = 0 i d = K(V I - V T )v i = 0
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Equation 8.35, we get an expression
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We can now derive the change in the
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where AD is called the difference-m
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+ v x - R L gm ----- ⋅ v 2 d v s
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From the Thévenin equivalent circu
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+ - vgs i ds = g m v gs i s When gm
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the BJT operates in its active regi
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linearized equivalents, and in whic
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Dividing throughout by i test and s
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where the large-signal bias conditi
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8.3 SUMMARY ◮ This chapter expand
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) Assuming we desire to use voltage
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f) Again assume that VT = 1V,K = 2
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e) Determine the small-signal outpu
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chapter 9 9.1 CONSTITUTIVE LAWS 9.2
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458 CHAPTER NINE energy storage ele
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chapter 10 10.1 ANALYSIS OF RC CIRC
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504 CHAPTER TEN first-order transie
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11 energy and power in digital circ
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What is the amount of energy stored
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+ V - R 1 v C FIGURE 11.3 Equivalen
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Separating the terms containing a T
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11.2.3 TOTAL ENERGY DISSIPATED Comb
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11.3 Power Dissipation in Logic Gat
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transitions from low to high): vC =
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Simplifying and rearranging, we get
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11.4 NMOS LOGIC The pullup device t
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v IN T/2 FIGURE 11.19 CMOS inverter
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v IN i T interval (for example, whe
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11.5 CMOS Logic CHAPTER ELEVEN 617
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c) Determine the static power and t
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e) What is the amount of energy con
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chapter 12 12.1 UNDRIVEN LC CIRCUIT
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626 CHAPTER TWELVE transients in se
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chapter 13 13.1 INTRODUCTION 13.2 A
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704 CHAPTER THIRTEEN sinusoidal ste
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sinusoidal steady state: resonance
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Assuming a homogeneous solution of
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14.1 Parallel RLC, Sinusoidal Respo
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Amplitude of v(t) (V) Amplitude of
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|H| 10 1 10 0 10 -1 10 -2 R = 4 14.
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14.2 Frequency Response for Resonan
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R R/10 R/100 V p ⁄ I o (Ω) 0.70
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The transfer function is given by o
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R/10 R/100 V p ⁄ I o R (Ω) 0.01
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|H c | 10 7.07 1 10 0 10 -1 ω 0.70
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14.3 SERIES RLC A second topology f
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Multiplying the numerator and denom
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For the parameters given in Figure
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|H|
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s/L = s2 + 2αs + ω2 . (14.73) o W
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|H r | |H c | 10 0 10 -1 10 4 10 -2
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This tells us that the magnitude of
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|H l | 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 -1 10 -2
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V l = jωoLI = jVi ωoL 14.6 Store
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14.6 Stored Energy in a Resonant Ci
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14.7 SUMMARY ◮ Resonant systems a
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◮ Other equivalent definitions fo
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v I (t) + - FIGURE 14.47 i I (t) i
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i(t) R FIGURE 14.55 L C + - v(t) 14
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) Now suppose that vS = VS cos(ωt)
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i S (t) + - + C - v C L R = 100 Ω
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c) The customer is now very happy.
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chapter 15 15.1 INTRODUCTION 15.2 D
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838 CHAPTER FIFTEEN the operational
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diodes 16 16.1 INTRODUCTION The dio
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10 pA i D v D 16.2 Semiconductor Di
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where the diode current iD is zero
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+ - (a) Circuit 0.6 V + - Rd R + v
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16.4 Nonlinear Analysis with RL and
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16.4 Nonlinear Analysis with RL and
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+10 0 -10 v i (V) Hence the circuit
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16.6 SUMMARY ◮ The following is a
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problem 16.1 For the two circuits s
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voltages 10 V 0 -10 V Diode ON Diod
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appendix a maxwell’s equations an
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The preceding equation says that in
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x y S x S y Closed surface envelopi
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the point-mass simplification, in w
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d + V - + v 3 - a +v1- b c +v 4 - F
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A.3 Deriving the Resistance of a Pi
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appendix b trigonometric functions
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B.4 PRODUCTS cos(θ1) cos(θ2) = 1
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appendix c C.1 MAGNITUDE AND PHASE
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948 APPENDIX C complex numbers C.2
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950 APPENDIX C complex numbers For
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952 APPENDIX C complex numbers Here
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appendix d
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958 APPENDIX D solving simultaneous
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960 answers to selected problems Ex
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962 answers to selected problems Pr
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964 answers to selected problems ch
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966 answers to selected problems Pr
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968 answers to selected problems Ex
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figure acknowledgements Figure 1.18
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974 INDEX Cartesian-to-polar coordi
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976 INDEX energy storage elements,
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978 INDEX lightbulb circuit, 5 8 Li
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980 INDEX OR function, 257, 261 OR
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982 INDEX Siemens, 31, 48 signal cl
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984 INDEX under-compensation, 753 7
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