Springer, Encyclopedic Reference Of Cancer (2001) Ocr 7.0 Lotb.pdf

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Malignant Lymphoma, hallmarks and concepts. Table 5 ± Primary genetic events and their effects in malignant lymphoma. Abbreviations: IGH Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene; IGL Immunoglobulin light chain gene; NFKB2 Nuclear factor kappa B2; BCL2 B-cell lymphoma/leukemia gene 2; API2 Apoptosis inhibiting protein 2; MALT1 Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue gene 1; BCL10 B-cell lymphoma/leukemia gene 10; CDK6 Cyclin-dependent kinase 6; IGK Immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene; PAX5 (BSAP) B-cell specific activator protein; BCL6 B-cell lymphoma/leukemia gene 6; MYC c-MYC oncogene; TCRA T-cell receptor alpha chain gene; TCO1 T-cell lymphoma/leukemia gene 1; NPM Nucleophosmin gene; ALK Anaplastic lymphoma kinase; TFG TRK-fused gene; TPM Tropomyosin gene; ATIC Aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide; formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase gene. NHL entity Chromosomal aberration B-CLL t(14;19)(q32;q13) IGH BCL3 t(10;14)(q24;q32) IGH NFKB2 Follicular lymphoma t(14;18)(q32;q21) IGH BCL2 Mantle cell lymphoma t(11;14)(q13;q32) IGH Cyclin D1 Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT-type Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma t(11;18)(q21;q21) API2 MALT1 t(1;14)(p22;q32) IGH BCL10 t(2;7)(p12;q32) CDK6 IGK Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma t(9;14)(p13;q32) IGH PAX5 (BSAP) Genes involved Function ? Induction of proliferation Resistance to apoptosis Dysregulation of cell-cycle control Resistance to apoptosis Resistance to apoptosis Dysregulation of cell-cycle control Enhanced response to proliferation signals Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma t(3;14)(q27;q32) IGH Transcriptional induction of proliferation Burkitt Lymphoma t(8;14)(q24;q32) t(2;8)(p12;q24) t(8;22)(q24;q11) Prolymphocytic leukemia of Ttype Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (T/0) Hepatosplenic c/d T-cell lymphoma Inv(14)(q11q32) t(14;14)(q11;q32) t(X;14)(q28;q11) t(2;5)(p23:q35) t(1;2)(q25;p23) t(2;3)(p23;q21) Inv(2)(p23;q35) Malignant Lymphoma, hallmarks and concepts BCL6 Resistance to differentiation IGH, IGL MYC TCRA TCL1 TCRA MTCP1 NPM-ALK TPM3-ALK TFG-ALK ATIC-ALK i(7)(q10) ? ? Transcriptional induction of proliferation (G1) Enhancement of cellular proliferation and survival 519 Constitutional activation of ALK tyrosin kinase
520 Malignant Lymphoma, hallmarks and concepts V-gene usage (with respect to the normal repertoire) has been detected. Furthermore, the demonstration and distribution of mutations in the complementary determining regions (CDR) and framework regions (FR) show the influence of antigen on the selection of neoplastic B cell populations. The presence of mutations in Ig-genes is an important clue to assess the prefollicular B cell or follicular and post-follicular B cell origin of lymphoma cells. Whereas chronic lymphocytic leukemia shows either non-mutated or mutated Ig-receptors, most lymphomas show either non-mutated receptors (precursor B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma) or mutated receptors (follicular lymphoma, marginal zone B cell lymphoma and most aggressive B cell lymphomas including diffuse large B cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma). Ongoing mutations indicating a still active process of immunoglobulin-related hypermutations was found in follicular lymphoma, some marginal zone B cell lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Therefore, most lymphomas originate in the antigen-driven germinal center or by an extrafollicular post-germinal center lymphocyte activation process. The specificity of antigen receptor idiotypes of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as far as known, is related to different autoantigens including anti-immunoglobulin and anti-idiotype activities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, plasmocytoma and marginal zone B cell lymphoma of MALT. Antigen receptor based clonal activation is considered to be important during early lymphomagenesis, whereas later stages of lymphoma progression are clearly independent of antigenic challenge. T cell receptors in peripheral T cell lymphomas: The specificity of a/b and c/d types of T cell receptors as well as the expression and functional activity of NK cell receptors on T/NK cell lymphomas is still unknown. Etiology Among the etiological factors for malignant lymphoma, viral and chronic bacterial infections play a major role. Insertional mutagen- esis, transcriptional activation by viral genes as well as viral homologues of cellular oncogenes and growth factors may cause lymphoma transformation directly or indirectly by increasing the risk of further cellular mutagenic events. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), endemic Burkitt lymphoma and many immunodeficiency related malignant lymphomas. It is also found in a variety of peripheral T cell lymphomas, especially in angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma and extranodal T/NK cell lymphoma of nasal type as well as in about 5% of diffuse large B cell lymphomas in the Western hemisphere. Epstein-Barr virus in all these cases is clonally integrated in lymphoma cells, suggesting that the virus was already present in the tumor stem cell. The transformation processes appear to be various in different lymphoma types and are still not completely understood. HTLV-I is invariably linked to adult T cell lymphoma/leukemia, which is endemic in South Japan, the Caribbean and certain regions in Africa. The transformation is related to the transcriptional activation of cellular genes by the viral transcription factor TAX in CD4-positive T-helper lymphocytes and further mutagenic events. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased occurrence of mostly aggressive B cell lymphomas, either of Burkitt lymphoma [! Epstein-Barr virus] subtype or immunoblastic-plasmablastic lymphomas. 50% of Burkitt lymphomas and 80% of immunoblastic and plasmablastic diffuse large B cell lymphomas in HIV-infected individuals are caused by ! EBV, and is related to the status of immunodeficiency. Rare specific subtypes of NHL seen in AIDS patients are the primary effusion lymphomas that are related to HHV8 (the human Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpes virus) frequently with co-infection of EBV. Whether HIV plays a direct role in EBV- and HHV8-negative lymphomas, or are induced by other viruses or sporadic mutagenic events in hyperproliferative B lymphocytes, is unknown. ! Helicobacter pylori (H.p.) infection is a causative factor of extranodal marginal zone B cell
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Encyclopedic Reference of Cancer
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Manfred Schwab (Ed.) Encyclopedic R
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Preface Cancer, although a dreadful
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List of Contributors Abate-Shen, Co
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List of Contributors Capobianco, An
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List of Contributors Feinberg, Andr
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List of Contributors Gullick, Bill
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List of Contributors Kimchi, Adi We
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List of Contributors Morton, Cynthi
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List of Contributors Pritchard-Jone
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List of Contributors Soussi, Thierr
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List of Contributors XXIII Wicking,
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2 AAV are necessary and sufficient
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4 AAV process requires the large Re
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6 ABC Transporter els. So far, the
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8 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Acut
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10 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Acu
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12 Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (AP
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14 Acute Vascular Rejection RARa in
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16 Adducts to DNA Adducts. Fig. 2
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18 Adducts to DNA act with DNA to y
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20 Adenovirus mately 36 kilobases (
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22 Adenovirus in animals, others, f
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24 Adherens Junctions Adherens Junc
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26 Adhesion Adhesion. Table ± Adhe
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28 Adhesion multistage skin carcino
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30 Adhesion Molecules that tumor ce
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32 Adoptive Immunotherapy ered to b
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34 Adrenal Medulla their native for
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36 AKT Signal Transduction Pathway
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38 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Aldehyde
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40 Alu Family Alu Elements. Fig. ±
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42 AML-1/ETO/CBFb/TEL in Chromosoma
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44 Amplified Amplification. Fig. ±
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46 Aneuploidy Characteristics Chrom
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48 Aneuploidy from these tumors act
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50 Aneuploidy chromosomal instabili
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52 Angiogenesis hibitors. It occurs
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54 Anoikis * transformation by onco
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56 Antigen Processing Antigen Proce
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58 Antisense DNA Therapy Delivery,
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60 Antisense Nucleic Acid 3. Leonet
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62 AP-1 AP-1. Fig. 1 ± Structural
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64 AP-1 hanced transactivation, hyp
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66 AP-1 AP-1. Table ± AP-1 functio
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68 AP2 AP2 Definition AP2 is a hete
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70 APC/b-Catenin Pathway APC gene i
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72 APC/b-Catenin Pathway gested to
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74 Apoptosis Definition Apoptosis i
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76 Apoptosis Exaggeration of apopto
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78 ASCO ASCO Definition American So
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80 ATM Protein of differentiation.
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82 Atonal Family ma) clearly shows
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84 Autophagosome Autophagosome Defi
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BAC Definition Bacterial artificial
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Micronodular, infiltrative and morp
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metastases. There is a greater risk
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B-cell Tumours Christian Ottensmeie
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of the tumour cell. Fig. 1 shows ke
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the clonal fingerprint of the tumou
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lular membranes. The main function
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p53-induced growth arrest and apopt
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segment, and between the Jk and Ck
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some of which have been reported by
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Molecular features of BCR-ABL1 reco
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irradiation. Recent findings sugges
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diagnosis to an aggressive and term
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lation of IGF2/H19. These latter ca
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ease is caused by mutation of the m
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Common genetic pathways When review
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BHLH Definition Basic helix-loop-he
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dicators of exposure. Also, a funct
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syndrome is associated with a predi
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Clinical presentation Bladder cance
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ium bovis, which stimulates a local
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Blast Crisis Christine Morris Chris
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Brain Tumors Akio Mantani, Mark A.
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dence in middle age. Meningiomas ma
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lative risk to develop breast cance
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BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been demonstra
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References 1. Devilee P (1999) BRCA
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women whose tumours express the est
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* First, murine cells in which the
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It is also unclear if the prognosis
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C. elegans Definition ! Caenorhabdi
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skeletal muscle are upregulated in
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* recessive mutations in ! tumor su
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antigens designed to increase the i
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able tumor cells into culture mediu
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Conclusion There exist several prom
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Carcinogen Macromolecular Adducts.
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sured at any point in time, reflect
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combinant DNA technology made it po
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3. Guengerich FP, Shimada T (1991)
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such as many other genes, are often
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Caspase 10 Definition Caspases 10 i
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CD20 Definition CD20 is a membrane-
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6. Lesley J, Hyman R, English N, Ca
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disposition gene, encodes the cycli
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milial melanoma and the frequency o
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carcinogens. In contrast to wildtyp
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CDNA Definition cDNA is single-stra
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a b Cell Adhesion Molecules Cell Ad
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terestingly, integrins may be prese
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cule E-cadherin would actually prom
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components can be a target for gene
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Other interesting targets for thera
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Smoking appears to increase the inc
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would be detrimental to the cell, a
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motherapy strongly indicate that on
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Conclusions. With a marked increase
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19-9 (CA 19-9) level (although not
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tion (CALI). CALI uses targeted las
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Conclusions CALI is a means for the
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the chromosome to be spanned. Walki
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analogues may make subsequent autol
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Class Switching Definition Class sw
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Colon Cancer Gabriela Moeslein Klin
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an entire resection of the segment,
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Colon Cancer. Table 2 ± TNM-stagin
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6. Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain JO, R
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Constitutive Heterochromatin Defini
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is not part of the classic BRR phen
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Clinical aspects PTEN is mutated in
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COX-2 Definition Cyclooxygenase-2 (
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methylation in some tumors is restr
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CT Scan Definition A computerized t
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cyclin D1 may contribute to resista
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Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Canc
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Cytokine Definition A cytokine is a
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Damage Response Definition ! Stress
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expression also display deletions,
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tion when present in multimeric for
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Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma Defini
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keratin and E-cadherin staining, an
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human probably possesses between 10
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prostate and breast, although a die
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DNA Interstrand Cross-links Definit
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Common to all of them is a characte
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plex, a fact that emphasizes its ro
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Drug Metabolism Definition ! Detoxi
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262 E2F E2F. Fig. 1 ± Control of E
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264 Early Detection Early Detection
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266 Early Genes of Human Papillomav
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272 Early Virus Genes dual activity
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274 E-box E-box. Table 1 ± Genes t
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276 EBV E-box. Fig. ± Shown is an
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278 E-cadherin E-cadherin. Fig. 1
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280 E-cadherin Bioactivity A multit
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282 EFT EFT Synonyms * Ewing tumor
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284 Electromagnetic Fields and Canc
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286 Elongin BC Complex box and maxi
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288 End Labeling End Labeling Defin
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290 Endocytosis receptor, the ligan
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292 Endometriosis Endometriosis Def
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294 Epidemiology of Cancer cer. In
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296 EPR-1 EPR-1 Definition ! Effect
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298 Epstein-Barr Virus Epstein-Barr
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300 ERBA2 Qp, to that used in laten
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302 Erythropoietin Definition Eryth
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304 ESF ESF Definition ! Erythropoi
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306 Estrogen Receptor 1 Estrogen Re
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308 Estrogenic Hormones and Cancer
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310 ETS Transcription Factors ETS T
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312 ETV6 References 1. Dittmer J, N
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314 EWS Besides the EWS-Ets gene re
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316 EWS-FLI (ets) Fusion Transcript
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318 Exons Exons Definition Exons ar
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FADD Definition Fas-associating pro
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cessive mode of inheritance. This m
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The genes The 4 known FA genes have
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chromatin. On the other hand, in th
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FHIT Kay Huebner Kimmel Cancer Inst
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Fhit LOH Fhit deletion other loci a
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expression is affected by oncogenic
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detected as spots in the interstiti
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escence microscopy. FITC excitation
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scopy alone was 6.3 for intraepithe
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FOS Synonyms * c-Fos Definition Fos
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The FRA3B site lies within the larg
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346 Gammopathy Gammopathy Definitio
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348 Gastrinoma Microscopically, gas
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350 GC/post-GC Type B-cell Tumors G
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352 Gene Therapy hicles employ comp
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354 Genetic Disorders Associated wi
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356 Genetic Disorders Associated wi
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358 Genetic Epidemiology the questi
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360 Genomic Imprinting and Cancer t
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362 Genomic Instability 4. Wolffe A
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364 G 2/M Checkpoint G 2/M Checkpoi
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366 G 2/M Transition abundant ! G 2
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368 G-proteins Definition G-protein
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370 G-proteins Functions The bc-com
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372 G-quadruplex DNA found in human
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374 Graft-versus-host Disease Graft
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376 GTPase zymes that catalyzes the
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378 GTPase-activating Protein pinge
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H3 Definition H3 is the Rhesus monk
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cells by activating E-box dependent
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genes can be inferred from studies
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side) and the lymphoid lineage (sho
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plasia (with or without preceeding
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tuted to a varying extent with N- a
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composed of 12 exons separated by 1
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2. Hulett MD, Freeman C, Hamdorf BJ
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fibroblasts to the tumorgenic pheno
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and doxorubicin, in some studies co
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Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor D
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HER-2/neu. Table ± Reagents for HE
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Heterotypic Adhesion Definition Het
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N-terminal tail of histones. The mo
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logic studies, done with monoclonal
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Hoarseness Definition Hoarseness is
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per 100,000 population and represen
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2. Harris NL (1999) Hodgkin's lymph
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Misexpression of certain homeobox g
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Homologous Chromosomes Definition H
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of this mechanism have been retaine
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teins are particularly active durin
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HSR Definition ! Homogeneously stai
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gressions of experimental tumors in
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pression in more tumor cells could
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All herpesviruses have the importan
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the members of the RB-family. Activ
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ineffective (cervical cancer occurs
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2. Sugamura K & Hinuma Y. Human ret
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* a reduced capability to transport
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442 ICH densation in chromosomes 1,
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444 IKK1 Definition Inhibitor of j
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446 Immunohistochemistry k light ch
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448 Immunotherapy activated in more
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450 Imprinting curs only at the cyt
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452 Inflammatory Pseudotumor the en
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454 Inositol Lipids Inositol Lipids
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456 Insulin-like Growth Factors Ins
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458 Insulin-like Growth Factors Ins
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460 Integrins Integrins Definition
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462 Interleukin-6 Clinical Relevanc
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464 Internal Dose are not responsiv
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466 Interphase Cytogenetics either
Page 493 and 494: 468 Invasion Invasion Definition In
Page 496 and 497: Kaposi Sarcoma Chris Boshoff The Ca
Page 498 and 499: to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma
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Page 502 and 503: Is KiSS1 a marker of melanoma metas
Page 504 and 505: naling molecules, and a network of
Page 506 and 507: proliferation but also normal devel
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Page 510 and 511: cental alkaline phosphatase. This i
Page 512 and 513: Laminectomy Definition Laminectomy
Page 514 and 515: A subgroup of laryngeal SCC has mul
Page 516 and 517: any point in the tissue is determin
Page 518 and 519: aries. The mouse Lats and human LAT
Page 520 and 521: mutants, roughex (rux) and fizzy-re
Page 522 and 523: Leimyosarcoma Definition Leimyosarc
Page 524 and 525: Type and origin of TP53 mutations I
Page 526 and 527: tic transformation is most likely t
Page 528 and 529: ments, of which there are an estima
Page 530 and 531: proliferation in the context of inf
Page 532 and 533: Liver Cirrhosis Definition Liver ci
Page 534 and 535: When disseminated, especially lymph
Page 536: References 1. Marra G, Boland CR (1
Page 539 and 540: 514 Macrophage-stimulating Protein
Page 541 and 542: 516 Major Histocompatibility Loci M
Page 543: 518 Malignant Lymphoma, hallmarks a
Page 547 and 548: 522 Malignant Lymphoma, hallmarks a
Page 549 and 550: 524 MALT Lymphoma MALT Lymphoma Def
Page 551 and 552: 526 MAP Kinase MAP kinase module to
Page 553 and 554: 528 MAP Kinase Kinase mely active a
Page 555 and 556: 530 Maternal Inheritance Maternal I
Page 557 and 558: 532 Matrix Metalloproteinases cyste
Page 559 and 560: 534 Matrix Metalloproteinases Subst
Page 561 and 562: 536 MCAM protein of 477 amino acids
Page 563 and 564: 538 Medulloblastoma Medulloblastoma
Page 565 and 566: 540 MEKK MEKK Definition MEKK stand
Page 567 and 568: 542 Melanoma Melanoma. Fig. 2 ± Fu
Page 569 and 570: 544 Melanoma in Fish Pehamberger H
Page 571 and 572: 546 Mesothelioma observed in other
Page 573 and 574: 548 Mesothelioma Homozygous deletio
Page 575 and 576: 550 MET tions in human malignant me
Page 577 and 578: 552 MET MET. Fig. 2 ± The Met rece
Page 579 and 580: 554 Metabolic Detoxification Metabo
Page 581 and 582: 556 Metabolic Polymorphisms and Can
Page 583 and 584: 558 Metastasis Characteristics At t
Page 585 and 586: 560 Metastasis Suppressor Gene Meta
Page 587 and 588: 562 Methylation The establishment o
Page 589 and 590: 564 MHC MHC Definition Major histoc
Page 591 and 592: 566 Microarray (cDNA) Technology Mi
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570 Micrometastasis eral blood was
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572 Microsatellite Instability regi
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574 Microtubules tide repeats (BAT2
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576 Minimal Residual Disease tage o
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578 Mismatch Repair in Genome Stabi
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580 Mismatch Repair in Genome Stabi
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582 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinas
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584 Mitotic Catastrophe Mitotic Cat
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586 MKK MKK Synonyms * MAPKK * ! ME
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588 Modifier Loci in Cancer Modifie
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590 Modular Domains 17.Nagase H, Br
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592 Mosaicism, somatic Mosaicism, s
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594 Multidrug Resistance Multidrug
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596 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Ty
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598 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Ty
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600 Multiple Myeloma Multiple Myelo
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602 Multistep Development cancer ce
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604 Multistep Development and RB mu
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606 Mutator Phenotype nance of gene
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608 Mutator Phenotype crease the ov
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610 MXI1 non-polyposis colorectal c
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612 MYC most cases the role of thes
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614 MYOD MYOD Definition Myoblast d
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616 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (8 to
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618 NAT improved the detection of E
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620 Neoangiogenesis * earlier initi
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622 Neuroblastoma acic tumors. Chil
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624 Neuroendocrine Tumors Neuroendo
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626 Neuroendocrine Tumors including
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628 Neuroendocrine Tumors different
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630 Neurofibromatosis 2 mation when
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632 Neuropeptide D, Eldridge R, Aur
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634 Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Nijm
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636 NM23 Metastasis Suppressor Gene
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638 NMI References 1. Lombardi D, L
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640 NOTCH/JAGGED Signaling in Neopl
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642 NOTCH/JAGGED Signaling in Neopl
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644 NPC References 1. Artavanis-Tsa
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646 Nucleotide Excision Repair dama
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648 NWTSG Clinical Relevance The ce
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650 Oncogene cogene was referred to
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652 Oncogene Transduction * translo
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654 Ornithine Decarboxylase matrix,
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656 Oxidative DNA Damage 5. Scully
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658 Oxidative Stress mage to biomol
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660 Oxygenation of Tumors distribut
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p14ARF Definition p14ARF is a prote
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proteins, the cyclin-dependent kina
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y p21. Upon removal of p21, both en
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and p73 production are still being
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variability in both the response to
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the bases CC ! TT, observed in skin
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dies are of major importance. First
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lood vessels (Fig. 1). Lymph node m
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tively active; therefore the signal
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and extravasation of contrast dyes
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called islets, which are scattered
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Papanicolaou Test Definition A Papa
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activity is under the control of th
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to points of contact between conflu
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disease is equally distributed betw
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membrane protein that carries out A
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portant role in the blood-brain bar
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2. Gottesman MM, Pastan I (1993) Bi
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Phosphorylation of Proteins Definit
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Plasminogen-related Definition Plas
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direct effects on capillary endothe
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POC Definition ! POMC. Point Mutati
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and the following list is by no mea
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In addition to the above, roles of
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Polytene Chromosome Definition Poly
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Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Defi
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trix and are inactive in this form;
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ole in normal bladder control. Wrap
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cificity phosphatase, E-cadherin, t
Page 746 and 747:
ants further search for concurrent
Page 748 and 749:
controversial; recent evidence from
Page 750 and 751:
gland including radical retropubic
Page 752 and 753:
References 1. Catalona WJ, Partin A
Page 754 and 755:
two cysteine-rich domains in tandem
Page 756 and 757:
elow) suggest that PKC k/i acts as
Page 758 and 759:
Proteomics Definition Proteomics is
Page 760 and 761:
intestinal tract, as well as neurol
Page 762 and 763:
forkhead has proved illuminating wi
Page 764:
PTP-BAS Definition ! PTPN13. PTP1E
Page 768 and 769:
RACE Definition 5 0 -rapid amplific
Page 770 and 771:
In humans, H-RAS, K-RAS and N-RAS a
Page 772 and 773:
RAS. Fig. 2 ± Mutational activatio
Page 774 and 775:
References 1. Barbacid, M (1987) ra
Page 776 and 777:
mulate the weak endogenous rate of
Page 778 and 779:
ducible expression differences betw
Page 780 and 781:
in the control of aggressive tumor
Page 782 and 783:
of a short extracellular a-chain th
Page 784 and 785:
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. Table ±
Page 786 and 787:
REL Thomas D. Gilmore Biology Depar
Page 788 and 789:
REL. Fig. 2 ± Activation of the Re
Page 790 and 791:
Relapse Definition Relapse defines
Page 792 and 793:
ain, spinal cord, eye, adrenal glan
Page 794 and 795:
2. Friedberg EC, Walker GC, Siede W
Page 796 and 797:
Molecular composition The replicati
Page 798 and 799:
CDK activity. CDKs may also have ot
Page 800 and 801:
Identification of low level DNA amp
Page 802 and 803:
RET. Fig. 1 ± Putative structure o
Page 804 and 805:
velopment. Knockout mice of ART, PS
Page 806 and 807:
5. Santoro M, Melillo RM, Carlomagn
Page 808 and 809:
lele in a cell that is part of the
Page 810 and 811:
plished by activation of transcript
Page 812 and 813:
although the precise mechanism of a
Page 814 and 815:
when stimulated by a `death ligand'
Page 816 and 817:
and p130, knockout mice in Rb, p107
Page 818 and 819:
Abl is under cell-cycle control, be
Page 820 and 821:
such as mouse, thousands of endogen
Page 822 and 823:
transcription of specific target ge
Page 824 and 825:
mitant improvements in prognosis, h
Page 826 and 827:
(BCR). BCR is the translocation par
Page 828 and 829:
scription factor. NFjB regulates th
Page 830:
from animal systems, ranging from c
Page 833 and 834:
808 Scatter Factor Scatter Factor E
Page 835 and 836:
810 Scatter Factor cludes IRS-1 (in
Page 837 and 838:
812 Scatter Factor capillary-like t
Page 839 and 840:
814 Selectins lular agonist, the so
Page 841 and 842:
816 Senescence and Immortalization
Page 843 and 844:
818 Serine Proteinases with high se
Page 845 and 846:
820 SH2/SH3 Domains * SH2 domains a
Page 847 and 848:
822 Shimada System tions of these n
Page 849 and 850:
824 Signal Transducers and Activato
Page 851 and 852:
826 Signal Transduction geted inact
Page 853 and 854:
828 Smad Proteins in TGFb Signallin
Page 855 and 856:
830 Smad Proteins in TGFb Signallin
Page 857 and 858:
832 SNP zymes and cytokines. The SN
Page 859 and 860:
834 Somatostatin Somatostatin. Tabl
Page 861 and 862:
836 Somatostatin Receptor Scintigra
Page 863 and 864:
838 S-phase Damage-sensing Checkpoi
Page 865 and 866:
840 S-phase Promoting Factor chroma
Page 867 and 868:
842 SRC SRC. Fig. 1 ± Structure of
Page 869 and 870:
844 SRE SRE Definition The serum re
Page 871 and 872:
846 STD STD Definition Sexually tra
Page 873 and 874:
848 Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cell
Page 875 and 876:
850 Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cell
Page 877 and 878:
852 Stem Cells and Cancer gesting t
Page 879 and 880:
854 STICKS STICKS Definition Substr
Page 881 and 882:
856 Stress Response Stress Response
Page 883 and 884:
858 Stroma Stroma Definition The st
Page 885 and 886:
860 Survivin survivin-2B (165aa) su
Page 887 and 888:
862 SV40 SV40. Fig. 1 ± Electron m
Page 889 and 890:
864 SV40 the overall incidence of c
Page 892 and 893:
TAAT Sequence Definition TAAT is a
Page 894 and 895:
pears to alter the activity of the
Page 896 and 897:
5. Gallo RC (1999) Tat as one key t
Page 898 and 899:
has been proposed that inhibition o
Page 900 and 901:
A normal 14 TCRα TCL1 t(14;14) MP
Page 902 and 903:
pocalin and calycine): this might l
Page 904 and 905:
screens for identification of funct
Page 906 and 907:
Telomerase. Fig. 1 ± Telomeres in
Page 908 and 909:
1 1 1 1 doublings 20 40 60 80 100+
Page 910 and 911:
Will inhibiting telomerase restore
Page 912 and 913:
TFE Family Definition The Tfe famil
Page 914 and 915:
* Undifferentiated anaplastic carci
Page 916 and 917:
centric inversion of RET at 10q11.2
Page 918 and 919:
TNF Receptor-associated Factor 2 De
Page 920 and 921:
situ. The mechanisms of this neurot
Page 922 and 923:
TNFRSF6 Definition Tumor necrosis f
Page 924 and 925:
cogene or deactivation of the tumor
Page 926 and 927:
topoisomerases have been investigat
Page 928 and 929:
genicity of VP-16 is probably relat
Page 930 and 931:
ing sequence contains five regions
Page 932 and 933:
TP53. Table 1 ± Factors involved i
Page 934 and 935:
TP53. Table 2 ± Some important dow
Page 936 and 937:
TRAF2 Definition ! Tumor necrosis f
Page 938 and 939:
virus can cause inappropriate cell
Page 940 and 941:
in the upstream LTR, the latter in
Page 942 and 943:
of cells and in the regulation of t
Page 944 and 945:
also undergo conformational changes
Page 946 and 947:
Translin Definition Translin (TSN),
Page 948 and 949:
* TRK-B (NTRK2) is a receptor for b
Page 950 and 951:
Tumor Progression Definition Tumor
Page 952 and 953:
Tumor Suppression. Table ± Predisp
Page 954 and 955:
Tumor Suppressor Genes Webster K Ca
Page 956 and 957:
sent in a mutant only state. This c
Page 958 and 959:
Turcot Syndrome Paola Izzo Dipartim
Page 960:
Two Component Signaling Pathway Def
Page 963 and 964:
938 Ubiquitination Ubiquitination D
Page 965 and 966:
940 Ubiquitination high energy thio
Page 967 and 968:
942 Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme, E
Page 969 and 970:
944 Ultraviolet Light Ultraviolet L
Page 971 and 972:
946 Uterine Leiomyoma, cellular and
Page 973 and 974:
948 Uterine Leiomyoma, clinical onc
Page 975 and 976:
Page 977 and 978:
Page 979 and 980:
954 Vascular Endothelial Growth Fac
Page 981 and 982:
956 VEGF Receptor VEGF Receptor Def
Page 983 and 984:
958 von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppres
Page 985 and 986:
Page 987 and 988:
Page 990 and 991:
WAF1 Definition ! p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi
Page 992 and 993:
Finally, there is some evidence fro
Page 994:
Wilms Tumour Anaplasia Definition T
Page 997 and 998:
972 Xeroderma Pigmentosum group. Su
Page 999 and 1000:
974 XIAP Other NER-related syndrome
Page 1001 and 1002:
976 Xiphophorus (called ONC-Xmrk to
Page 1004:
YAC Definition Yeast artificial chr
Page 1007 and 1008:
982 Zymogen Activation Cascade Zymo
Page 1009 and 1010:
984 Contributors and their Essays C
Page 1011 and 1012:
Page 1013 and 1014:
Page 1015 and 1016:
Page 1017:
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