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MARSH-PEPPER SMARTWEED, WATER PEPPER Polygonum hydropiper L. POLHY, dicot, Polygonaceae Found in: lowland Establishment method: DS, WS, TP Growth habit: herb; creeping, erect, or ascending; branched; up to 0.8 m Moisture: flooded to damp; may require saturation for establishment Competitiveness: probably low Seed contaminant: unknown Cultural control: completely uproot or bury early, as cut stems may resprout; control before flowering Reported resistance: photosystem II inhibitor (FRA) Life cycle: A Method(s) of reproduction: seeds, sometimes rooted stems Maturity time: flowering at 90 d Dormancy: variable, but usually an after-ripening period; light requirement for germination Flower: greenish Light: unknown Notes: acid-tolerant Reported in: BAN, BHU, CHN, IDO, IND, KOR, MAL, NEP, THA (39) Flower, (40) mature plant 44 45 39 40
42 43 46 41 PURSLANE Portulaca oleracea L. POROL, dicot, Portulacaceae Found in: upland Establishment method: DS >> WS Growth habit: erect and semierect branches; up to 0.5 m Moisture: dry to moist Competitiveness: low to moderate Seed contaminant: unknown Cultural control: flooding; perhaps mulches or cover crops; hoeing often not very effective Reported resistance: multiple to photosystem II inhibitor + ureas/amides (USA) Life cycle: A Seed wt: 0.07 Method(s) of reproduction: seeds > stem fragments Maturity time: flowers in 1 mo, maturity in 2 to 4 mo Dormancy: low or none Elevation: up to 2,700 m Light: sunny to partly shaded Notes: one of the world’s worst weeds; prefers fertile soils; growth is slow until about 14 d; pig fodder and consumed by humans Reported in: BAN, BHU, CHN, IDO, IND, KOR, MAL, MYA, PAK, PHI, THA, VIE (41) Seedling, (42) flower, (43) mature plant 47
Page 2 and 3: A Practical Field Guide to Weeds of
Page 4 and 5: GRASS WEEDS 52-81 Cynodon dactylon
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgments The authors thank t
Page 8 and 9: BROADLEAF WEEDS SOLA PITH PLANT Aes
Page 10 and 11: TROPIC AGERATUM; GOAT WEED Ageratum
Page 12 and 13: SPINY AMARANTH Amaranthus spinosus
Page 14 and 15: SPREADING DAYFLOWER Commelina diffu
Page 16 and 17: WATER HYACINTH Eichhornia crassipes
Page 18 and 19: CREEPING WATER PRIMROSE Ludwigia ad
Page 20 and 21: WATER CLOVER Marsilea minuta L. MAR
Page 22 and 23: MONOCHORIA Monochoria vaginalis (Bu
Page 26 and 27: GOOSEWEED Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaer
Page 28 and 29: GRASS WEEDS BERMUDA GRASS Cynodon d
Page 30 and 31: CRAB GRASS Digitaria ciliaris (Retz
Page 32 and 33: 60 57 58 BARNYARDGRASS Echinochloa
Page 34 and 35: 64 60 61 GOOSEGRASS Eleusine indica
Page 36 and 37: 68 65 66 WRINKLED GRASS, SARAMOLLAG
Page 38 and 39: 72 68 69 CHINESE SPRANGLETOP, RED S
Page 40 and 41: 72 73 76 KNOTGRASS Paspalum distich
Page 42 and 43: 76 77 80 78 ITCHGRASS Rottboellia c
Page 44 and 45: 82 84 81 RICE FLAT SEDGE Cyperus ir
Page 46 and 47: 88 87 88 FORKED FRINGERUSH Fimbrist
Page 48 and 49: 92 94 93 BULRUSH Scirpus juncoides
Page 50 and 51: Appendix A. Weed species synonyms*
Page 53 and 54: Appendix F. Common names of weeds i
Page 55 and 56: Appendix J. Common names of weeds i
Page 57 and 58: Appendix N. Common names of weeds i
Page 59 and 60: Appendix Q continued. Bayer code BA

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