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GRASS WEEDS BERMUDA GRASS Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. CYNDA, monocot, Poaceae Found in: upland, lowland Establishment method: DS Growth habit: creeping; branches and culms ascendant; up to 0.4 m Moisture: dry to moist, drained Emergence time: 14 d Competitiveness: moderate Seed contaminant: unknown Cultural control: stale seedbed; tillage and removal; dry tillage to desiccate rhizomes; soil solarization; perhaps mulching or cover crops Reported resistance: none Life cycle: P Seed wt: 0.3 Method(s) of reproduction: rhizomes and stolons >> seeds Maturity time: tillers at 25 to 30 d; maturity at 120 d Dormancy: no; seeds survive 50 d of submergence Flower: white or pinkish, very small Elevation: up to 2,300 m Light: sunny, partial shade Notes: one of the world’s worst weeds; C 4 plant; alkalineand acid-tolerant; flood- and drought-tolerant; numerous biotypes Reported in: BAN, BHU, CAM, CHN, IDO, IND, KOR, LAO, MAL, MYA, NEP, PAK, PHI, SRI, THA, VIE (48) Young plant, (49) mature plant 52 53 48 49
51 54 50 CROWFOOT GRASS Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richt. DTTAE, monocot, Poaceae Found in: upland, lowland Establishment method: DS Growth habit: creeping with ascendant culms; up to 1 m Moisture: moist Emergence time: shortly after rainfall Competitiveness: moderate to high Seed contaminant: yes Cultural control: stale seedbed; flooding; early removal; do not allow to mature Reported resistance: none Life cycle: A Seed wt: 0.3 Method(s) of reproduction: seeds > stolons Maturity time: 21 to 28 d; senescence in 4 mo Dormancy: unknown Elevation: up to 1,000 m Light: sunny, partial shade Notes: C 4 plant; seed viability is long; fodder, but some reports of poor nutrition, and may be toxic to livestock during hot weather Reported in: BAN, CHN, IDO, IND, KOR, LAO, MAL, MYA, NEP, PAK, PHI, SRI, THA, VIE (50) Seedling, (51) mature plant 55
Page 2 and 3: A Practical Field Guide to Weeds of
Page 4 and 5: GRASS WEEDS 52-81 Cynodon dactylon
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgments The authors thank t
Page 8 and 9: BROADLEAF WEEDS SOLA PITH PLANT Aes
Page 10 and 11: TROPIC AGERATUM; GOAT WEED Ageratum
Page 12 and 13: SPINY AMARANTH Amaranthus spinosus
Page 14 and 15: SPREADING DAYFLOWER Commelina diffu
Page 16 and 17: WATER HYACINTH Eichhornia crassipes
Page 18 and 19: CREEPING WATER PRIMROSE Ludwigia ad
Page 20 and 21: WATER CLOVER Marsilea minuta L. MAR
Page 22 and 23: MONOCHORIA Monochoria vaginalis (Bu
Page 24 and 25: MARSH-PEPPER SMARTWEED, WATER PEPPE
Page 26 and 27: GOOSEWEED Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaer
Page 30 and 31: CRAB GRASS Digitaria ciliaris (Retz
Page 32 and 33: 60 57 58 BARNYARDGRASS Echinochloa
Page 34 and 35: 64 60 61 GOOSEGRASS Eleusine indica
Page 36 and 37: 68 65 66 WRINKLED GRASS, SARAMOLLAG
Page 38 and 39: 72 68 69 CHINESE SPRANGLETOP, RED S
Page 40 and 41: 72 73 76 KNOTGRASS Paspalum distich
Page 42 and 43: 76 77 80 78 ITCHGRASS Rottboellia c
Page 44 and 45: 82 84 81 RICE FLAT SEDGE Cyperus ir
Page 46 and 47: 88 87 88 FORKED FRINGERUSH Fimbrist
Page 48 and 49: 92 94 93 BULRUSH Scirpus juncoides
Page 50 and 51: Appendix A. Weed species synonyms*
Page 53 and 54: Appendix F. Common names of weeds i
Page 55 and 56: Appendix J. Common names of weeds i
Page 57 and 58: Appendix N. Common names of weeds i
Page 59 and 60: Appendix Q continued. Bayer code BA

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