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88 87 88 FORKED FRINGERUSH Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl FIMDI, monocot, Cyperaceae Found in: upland, lowland Establishment method: DS, WS Growth habit: erect; up to 0.75 m Moisture: dry to wet Competitiveness: moderate Seed contaminant: yes Cultural control: early, deep flooding Reported resistance: none Life cycle: P Seed wt: 0.1 Method(s) of reproduction: seeds, rhizomes Dormancy: unknown Elevation: up to 2,500 m Light: sunny Notes: very heterogeneous species; saline-tolerant; C 4 plant; better adapted to drier soils; useful for mat-making Reported in: BAN, CHN, IDO, IND, KOR, LAO, MAL, MYA, NEP, PAK, PHI, SRI, THA, VIE (87) Seedling, (88) mature plant 89
GLOBE FRINGERUSH Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl FIMMI, monocot, Cyperaceae Found in: lowland, upland Establishment method: DS > WS > TP Growth habit: erect and strongly tillering; up to 0.6 m Moisture: moist to wet Emergence time: within 7 d Competitiveness: moderate; strong root competition Seed contaminant: yes Cultural control: ensure clean seed; early, continuous flooding Reported resistance: ALS inhibitors (BRA); synthetic auxins (MAL) Life cycle: P Seed wt: 0.02 Method(s) of reproduction: seeds Flowering time: 30 d Dormancy: none; light requirement for germination Elevation: up to 1,000 m Light: sunny Notes: saline-tolerant; may emerge throughout season; may produce multiple generations in one season; C 4 plant; useful in mat-making Reported in: BAN, BHU, CAM, CHN, IDO, IND, KOR, LAO, MAL, MYA, NEP, PAK, PHI, SRI, THA, VIE (89) Seedling, (90) flower, (91–92) mature plants 89 90 90 91 91 92
Page 2 and 3: A Practical Field Guide to Weeds of
Page 4 and 5: GRASS WEEDS 52-81 Cynodon dactylon
Page 6 and 7: Acknowledgments The authors thank t
Page 8 and 9: BROADLEAF WEEDS SOLA PITH PLANT Aes
Page 10 and 11: TROPIC AGERATUM; GOAT WEED Ageratum
Page 12 and 13: SPINY AMARANTH Amaranthus spinosus
Page 14 and 15: SPREADING DAYFLOWER Commelina diffu
Page 16 and 17: WATER HYACINTH Eichhornia crassipes
Page 18 and 19: CREEPING WATER PRIMROSE Ludwigia ad
Page 20 and 21: WATER CLOVER Marsilea minuta L. MAR
Page 22 and 23: MONOCHORIA Monochoria vaginalis (Bu
Page 24 and 25: MARSH-PEPPER SMARTWEED, WATER PEPPE
Page 26 and 27: GOOSEWEED Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaer
Page 28 and 29: GRASS WEEDS BERMUDA GRASS Cynodon d
Page 30 and 31: CRAB GRASS Digitaria ciliaris (Retz
Page 32 and 33: 60 57 58 BARNYARDGRASS Echinochloa
Page 34 and 35: 64 60 61 GOOSEGRASS Eleusine indica
Page 36 and 37: 68 65 66 WRINKLED GRASS, SARAMOLLAG
Page 38 and 39: 72 68 69 CHINESE SPRANGLETOP, RED S
Page 40 and 41: 72 73 76 KNOTGRASS Paspalum distich
Page 42 and 43: 76 77 80 78 ITCHGRASS Rottboellia c
Page 44 and 45: 82 84 81 RICE FLAT SEDGE Cyperus ir
Page 48 and 49: 92 94 93 BULRUSH Scirpus juncoides
Page 50 and 51: Appendix A. Weed species synonyms*
Page 53 and 54: Appendix F. Common names of weeds i
Page 55 and 56: Appendix J. Common names of weeds i
Page 57 and 58: Appendix N. Common names of weeds i
Page 59 and 60: Appendix Q continued. Bayer code BA

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