Nuclear chemistry notes packet

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Nuclear Chemistry Definition – the study of the structure and changes within the nucleus of an atom. These changes may affect the stability of the nucleus. Difference from chemical changes – new elements form as a result of nuclear changes. Review: Nuclear radiation – Emanations Particles and rays that come from radioactive material. See Table O Emanation Alpha Notation Mass Charge Ionizing power Beta Positron Gamma Penetrating power Unstable nuclei – some nuclei breakdown spontaneously to different products because of ratio of protons to neutrons. Isotope – form of an element with the same atomic # but different atomic mass. Radioisotopes – isotopes of atoms with unstable nuclei. What holds Nucleus together – Though protons are positive and should repel each other neutrons are neutral. All are called nucleons and are held together by another force called the strong nuclear force. This however, only works over a short distance and while the neutrons help balance the protons repulsive affect as the number of protons grows the ratio of protons to neutrons becomes important. All elements over atomic# 83 are unstable. Ratios between 1.5-1.0 and 1.0-1.0 are considered stable.
Radioactive Decay – During radioactive decay unstable nuclei breakdown and spontaneously emit some types of radiation. Types of Decay Writing Nuclear Equations: Nuclear equations use symbols to identify the atomic nuclei and radiation involved. These symbols involve the identity of the nucleus, or particles and radiation involved. Example: Mass 131 53 I – Iodine 131 Charge 1. Alpha Decay –alpha particles are slow moving and can be stopped by a piece of paper. Example: Radium – 226 Summary: 2. Beta – An electron emitted at very high energy from the nucleus. Can pass through paper but are stopped by metal foil. Produced when a neutron becomes a proton. Thus the charge of the nucleus is increased by one proton. How does the nucleus emit an e- Example: Iodine 131 Summary: 3. Gamma Rays – These are related to x-rays and light. They have no mass or charge nor does its emission change the identity of the element. They are high energy and pass easily through matter up to several cm of lead or meters of concrete.
Page 1: Name: ____________________ Honors C
Page 5 and 6: Causing nuclear reactions: Natural
Page 7 and 8: Radiotherapy and Radiotracers - Iso

Nuclear chemistry notes packet

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