DOCUMENTATION OF LCWE DATA IN GABI 4 - GaBi Software

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APPENNDIX In this chapter thee data sources are aaddressed, which serv ve as a bassis for the method developped at the UUniversity Stuttgart. S Thhe particular statistics should s meeet various criteria c to be usedd in this metthod. These e criteria aree as well sp pecified in th he followingg paragraph hs. U.S. Ecconomic CCensus The “U. .S. Econommic Census” ” (http://wwww.census.g gov/) is a comprehenssive data co ollection, that givees a detaileed review of o the American economy. It is fulfilled by thee “Census Bureau”, B the Ameerican demmographic ag gency. Thee results are e gathered every five yyears, whereas the collecteed basic datta include to o a large exxtent the sta atistics of all a US comppanies. At th he same time, thhe data collection for the t agriculture and the e authoritie es takes plaace in para allel. The data coollection is based on a clear struuctured cla assification of the whoole econom my into a strictly hierarchicaal system of o industriaal sectors and subse ectors – the so calle ed North Americaan Industry Classification Standarrd (NAICS). . It is import tant that noot the companies as a wholee, but the single locatio on of these ccompanies as minimum m unit are listed. It allo ows both a betterr spatial ressolution and d a better reesolution ac ccording to activity, as a company y can be active inn different ssectors. The NAICS cclassifies 1179 various industries, 1070 of which w are coveredd in the U.S. Economic c Census. The datta is provideed for free and a is suppposed to ser rve several purposes. The following fields of appliccation exemmplify this: CCompaniess can comp pare their ssales figure es with thos se for theirr whole ind dustry. It aallows themm to calcula ate their maarket share in order to check theirr performan nce or to ddefine new targets. CCompaniess can also compare thheir business ratio wit th average numbers from f the U.S. Census as a benchmark b to assess s their per rformance with those e of the cconcurrent organizatio ons. CCompaniess which sell their goodss or service es to other companies c can find in the U.S. CCensus neew target industriess. Besides, producer rs learn ffrom the material cconsumptioon statistics more abouut the indust tries that co onsume theiir products. CCompaniess can use the data tto determin ne their sa ales areas, to place a target aadvertisemeent and to find f the besst locations for f their new w establishmments. Important kkey figures about a the eeconomic de evelopment t as monthlyy retail sale es or the ggross domeestic produc ct are baseed on the da ata of the U.S. U Censuss. Associati ions and tthe press analyze th he data to identify ec conomic circumstancees and to forecast ddevelopments. TThe legislattive body uses the datta for the preparation p and assesssment of ne ew laws. TThe state and local authorities a monitor the e Census data d to undderstand economic bbasics and to decide whether w theey should se ettle new businesses oor keep the e already eexisting onees. Page 14 / 15
CConsultantss and researchers maake use of the data to o analyze tthe change es in the industries’ sstructure or r in the spattial resolutio on. These data d are nott explicitly collected c ffor the usee in the me ethod. Neveertheless th hey work well w for the developed method bbecause of f the level of o detail andd their basis s on the clear hierarchical structure of the industries’ cclassificatio on. In the 22002 U.S. EEconomic Census C the data for th he year 200 02 are colleected. In De ecember 2002 data collecttion questio onnaires wwere sent to more than 5 millioon compan nies, the deadlinee was set oon the 12th h of February 2003. Du ue to adapt tion of the ddata entry forms to the individual industries, there e exist noww more than n 600 differ rent versionns. Only some very small coompanies ddo not rece eive questioonnaires. Fo or them the e data alreaady available at the federal authorities’ ’ are used. These autthorities pro ovide basic c data as loocation and d kind of businesss, sales figures, wage es and salarries, numbe er of employ yees and foorm of organization. The U.SS. Econommic Census is enshrineed in title 13 of the United U Stattes Code. The law commitss organizatiions to send d back the ffilled forms and awards penalties in case companies omit this. Besides, , the law sw wears the CCensus Bu ureau to sec crecy. No ddata are pu ublished, which disclose the identity or activity a of an individual l or a company. Standaard Industtry Classif fication (SSIC) The Staandard Induustry Classi ification (SIC)-Code is s a four-digit numerical code assigned by the U.SS. governmeent to the business esttablishment ts to identify y the primaary business s activity of the eestablishmeent (http://w www.osha.gov/pls/imis/ /sic_manual.html). Thee classificat tion was developped to facilitate the collection, ppresentation n and analy ysis of datta; and to promote uniformity and comparability in the preesentation of statistic cal data coollected by various agenciees of the federal go overnment, state age encies and d private oorganization ns. The classificcation coveers all eco onomic acttivities: agr riculture, fo orestry, fisshing, hunting and trappingg; mining; cconstruction n; manufactturing; trans sportation; communicaations, elec ctric, gas and sanitary services; whole esale tradee; retail trade; finance e; insurance ce and real estate; servicess; and publiic administr ration. The Burreau of Labbour Statistics is a unit of U.S. Department of f Labour. Thhis unit is in n charge for the ffact-finding for the fede eral governnment in the e wide field of occupattional econo omy and occupattional statistics. US Impport/Export History The data about “UU.S. Expor rts of Mercchandise” (U U.S. CENSU US BUREAU 2002B) an nd “U.S. Imports of Merchaandise” (U.S S. CENSUS BUREAU 20 002A) are gathered g annd provided d by the U.S. Ceensus Bureau. The export statistiics contain data about t the value and the qu uantity of 9.000 vvarious goods, which were w exporrted from th he USA; the e import staatistics prov vide this information for 177.000 differ rent importeed goods. Depending g on the uunit the quantity is specifieed in, an aveerage price of the goodds can be calculated c based b on thhese data. The T data are alsoo available ffor the past t years. For r the method d described d here, dataa from the re eference year 2002 was useed. Page 15 / 15
Page 1 and 2: DOCCUMENNTATION OF LLCWE DATA IN GA
Page 3 and 4: 2.6 2.7 CComparabbility of targets
Page 5 and 6: 2. TThe amounnt of human n labour o
Page 7 and 8: available. A statemment concer rnin
Page 9 and 10: 3.16 VValidity As explained abovve,
Page 11 and 12: Non‐lethal accidents [cases] Figu
Page 13: 6 LITERRATURE NATIONNAL CROSSSWALK

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