World Meteorological Organization Working together in ... - GFDRR

WMO
World Meteorological Organization
Working together in weather, climate and water
Good Practices, Guidelines and Capacity Development
Projects in DRR and Adaptation
Dr. Maryam Golnaraghi,
Chief, WMO Disaster Risk Reduction Programme
Mary Power
Director, Resource Mobilization
12 March 2012
World Bank HQ
www.wmo.int

Socio-economic Impacts of Weather and Climate-
Related Extremes on the Rise !
Hazard intensity and
frequency increasing linked
to climate variability and
change!
Energy
Aral Sea
Water Resource
Management
Transportation
Intensity
Strong Wind
People
Agriculture
Urban areas
Heavy rainfall / Flood
Vulnerability and
exposure on the rise !
Drought
Heatwaves
Frequency
Need for
Multi-sectoral risk
management

WMO DRR Strategic Foundation
Hyogo Framework
for Action
2005-2015
(World Conference on
Disaster Reduction)
WMO
Strategic Plan
2008-2015
(Top Level Objectives and
Five Strategic Thrusts)
Consultations with WMO governing
bodies, Regional and National
network and partners
WMO strategic priorities
in Disaster Risk Reduction

Comprehensive DRR Framework and National
Meteorological and Hydrological Services
Governance and Institutional Framework
(Multi-sector, Multi-level, Multi-Hazard)
Risk Assessment
Risk Reduction
Risk Financing and
Transfer
Hazard databases
Hazard statistics
Climate forecasting
and trend analysis
Exposed assets &
vulnerability
Risk analysis tools
PREPAREDNESS:
early warning systems
emergency planning
1 2
4
PREVENTION and
MITIGATION:
3
Sectoral Risk Management
Medium to long term planning
(e.g. zoning, infrastructure,
agriculture…)
Information and Knowledge Sharing
Education and training
Gov Investments, trust
funds, etc.
CAT insurance & bonds
Weather-indexed
insurance and derivatives
Other emerging products

National
Regional
Comprehensive end-to-end Service Delivery
Other National Technical and Sectoral
Implementing Partners
1
National DRR Governance
and Institutional
Frameworks
6
National Meteorological Services
Core operational components
5
Hydrological
Service
Observations and
monitoring
Ocean
Services
SOPs
Operational
Nowcasting,
Forecasting and
other Analysis
DRR Products &
Services
Data & Analysis
Warnings, forecasts and
other value-add products
Technical Advisory Services
Telecommunication Infrastructure and dissemination to Users
Human Resource Development & Training
Data Management Systems
ETC…
Health
Services
Quality Management Systems (QMS)
4
Space Agency
3
Service
Delivery
SOPs
Requirements &
Feedback
National
Users
Sectors:
- Transportation
- Health
- Food & Agriculture
- Water Management &
Safety
- Coastal Zone
Management
- Etc…
National Governance and
Policy Makers
Local Governments
Disaster Risk
Management Agencies
General Public
Media
Private Sector
Non Governmental
Organizations (NGOs)
Etc…
2
7
GTS, WIS
Global Regional Specialized Meteorological,
Climate Centers (RSMCs and RCCs)
and Space Agencies

Need for significant Capacity development of NMHS for
delivery of meteorological, hydrological and climate
services
• 70% Amendments or
restructuring of national policies,
legislation and roles of NMHS
• 67% Strengthening or full
modernization of core
infrastructure
• 80% Tools, standards and
technical and management
training
WMO DRR Survey (2006)
• 80% Strengthening or building
multi-sectoral institutional
partnerships and service delivery
(QMS and SOPs)

Country-Level Capacity Assessment Survey (2006)
Under estimated
Category
Planning
&
Legislation
Infrastructure:
Observation
Forecasting
Telecom.
Data,
Analysis
and
Technical
Capacities
Partnerships
&
Concept of
Operations
%
countries
1 Need for development in all areas 12
2 Need for improvements in all areas 42
3
Need for improvements in some areas
26
4
Self sufficient
Could benefit from sharing of good practices practices and guidelines
20
Around 60% of the NMHS are challenged in meeting needs in DRR!

Need for services and technical advice on a number of
priority Hazards of WMO Members
as establish by 2006 DRR Survey
• Top hydro-meteorological hazards of concerns to
Members (in alphabetical order):
– Droughts
– Flash and river floods
– Forest and wild land fires
– Heat waves and cold spells
– Land- and mud-slides
– Marine and aviation hazards
– Strong winds and severe storms
– Tropical cyclones and storm surges

WMO Overall Cross-cutting Approach
Leveraging expertise, resources and capacities
of beneficiaries and other supporting Members,
WMO Technical Programmes and Expert
Networks, WMO global and regional operational
centers and other UN, international and
regional partners to implement the two-tier
approach…

Two-Tier approach….
Identification and
documentation of good
practices
(Policy, institutional, technical operations,
products and services, etc. )
1. Knowledge
Development
Monitoring,
Evaluation
and Feedback
Requirements,
Guidelines,
Standards, Tools,
Methodologies and
training
2. Capacity
Development
Coordinated
National and
Regional Projects

Engaging WMO Technical Expert Networks,
Global and Regional Centers and Members
Technical
Global/ Regional
8 Technical Committees &
10 Programmes
Basic Systems (Observations,
forecasting, telecommunication)
Instruments
Hydrology
Meteorology
Climate
Agricultural Meteorology
Marine meteorology
Aeronautical Meteorology
Space
Disaster Risk Reduction
(Crosscutting)
189 Members
‘National
Meteorological
and Hydrological
Services (NMHSs)’
3 World Meteorological
Centres (WMC)
6 Regional Committees
12 Global Climate Centers &
Regional Climate Centers (RCC)
40 Regional Specialised
Meteorological Centres (RSMC)
30 Regional Training Centres (RMTC)

WMO Global Operational Network
189 Members

Engage in strategic partners that influence
National/Regional DRR Programmes, Operational
Capacities and Funding
Partners
World Bank
(GFDRR)
ISDR
Agency Type Coordination
National DRR
Implementation
Funding
Development X X
Coordination X X
UNDP
UNESCO and its IOC
WFP
FAO
UN- OCHA
IFRC
Donors
(EC, bi-laterals)
Regional Centers and
agencies
(depending on the region)
Development
X
X
X
Technical X X
Agriculture X X X
Humanitarian X X
Donor
X
X X X

DRR Expert Advisory Mechanisms to guide
development of knowledge products
EAG Multi-
Hazard EWS
Partners and expertise: WMO
members and network, DRM
agencies, UNDP, UNISDR,
IFRC, World Bank, WHO,
UNOCHA, WFP, FAO,
UNHCR, UNESCO-IOC, ITU,
UNEP, UNICEF
EAG Disaster Risk
Financing
EAG Hazard/Risk
Analysis
• Research and Operations
• Hazard / Risk modeling and
mapping tools
• Data (hazard, exposure, socioeconomic
vulnerability)
• Analysis and interpretation
• Training
EAG
Humanitarian
Preparedness
Partners and expertise: WMO
network, UNOCHA, UNHCR,
WFP, WHO, UNDP, IFRC,
UNITAR-UNOSAT, UNICEF
Partners and expertise: World
Bank, WFP, IFAD, UNEP FI, ,
ISDR, UNFCCC, WMO
members, WCRP, WWRP,
WRN, CIMH, CSIRO, Swiss
Re, University of Kentucky,
Munich Re, Geneva Association
(Insurance)
Partners and expertise: World
Bank, UNDP-GRIP, WFP, Experts
from Risk Modelling Sectors,
OECD, GEM, CRED, Munich Re,
Swiss Re, WRN, NMHS, reps from
RCCs.
Others…
TBD

WMO DRR Good Practices, Guidelines
and Knowledge Products in DRR
TITLE
PUBLICATION DATE
Book 1 : partnerships in Multi Hazard Early Warning Systems, a compilation of
seven good practices and Lessons Learned
March 2012
Springer Verlag
WMO Guideline: Governance and Institutionnal Partnerships in MHEWS September 2012
(4 languages)
Book 2: Climate services for Disaster Risk F inancing : Documentation of good
practices and lessons learned December 2012
WMO Guideline: Requirements for climate services for various sectors in Disaster
Risk financing (Government, Insurance) March 2013
WMO / CRED Annual Publication: Socio-economic impacts of meteorological,
hydrological and climate hazards -
WMO Technical Guidelines: Standardisation of meteorological, hydrological and
climate hazards monitoring, data, metadata and analysis and forecating tools (on 10
primary hazards identified by WMO Members)
Pilot November 2012
then annualy
2013-2015
WMO guidelines: Operations and Quality Management Systems for MHEWS 2015

Good Practices in
Early Warning
Systems

Early Warning Systems Require Coordination
Across Many Levels and Agencies
National to local disaster risk reduction plans, legislation and coordination mechanisms
1 2
3 4

Seven good practices in EWS
• Bangladesh
• Cuba
• French Vigilance
system
• Germany
• Japan
• Mega City of
Shanghai
• USA

10 common principles for successful Early
Warning Systems (1/2)
1. Political recognition of the benefits of EWS along with
effective planning, legislation and budgeting
2. Effective EWS are built upon four components:
(i)) hazard detection, monitoring and forecasting;
(ii) analyzing risks and incorporation of risk information in emergency planning
and warnings;
(iii) disseminating timely and “authoritative” warnings with clarity on the
responsibilities and mandate for issuance of warnings;
(iv) community emergency planning and preparedness and the ability to activate
emergency plans to prepare and respond
3. Roles and responsibilities of all EWS stakeholders and their
collaboration mechanisms clearly defined and documented
4. Capacities aligned with resources across national to local
levels (sustainability)
5. Hazard, exposure and vulnerability information are used to
carry-out risk assessments at different levels

10 common principles for successful Early
Warning Systems (2/2)
6. Clear, consistent and actionable hazard warnings, with
risk information and issued from a single recognized
authoritative source
7. Timely, reliable, redundant and sustainable warning
dissemination mechanisms
8. Emergency response plans targeted to the individual
needs of the vulnerable communities, authorities and
emergency responders
9. Regular training and education programmes in risk
awareness and emergency response actions
10. Effective feedback mechanisms throughout levels of the
EWS for system improvement over time

National/Regional Capacity Development Projects within a
integrated service delivery model
National aspects, DRR Governance and institutional
framework changing!
Capacity Building
Disaster Risk Reduction: Life & economic losses
USERs: Disaster Risk Management, Agriculture, Water
Resource Management, Infrastructure, Urban
development, Health, Insurance, etc
Products and Service Delivery
Forecasting and analysis tools
Regional aspects
International aspects
Observations and
data
Research and modeling

Thrusts of the National/Regional Projects
1. Preliminary assessments capacities, gaps and needs
2. Socio-economic stakeholder needs, requirements and agreements: for
meteorological, hydrological and climate products and services
3. National Policies and regulatory Framework and roles of NMHS
4. Modernization and core service strengthening of NMHS
5. Integrated Technical Services and capacity development to support risk
assessment, MHEWS, sectoral risk management and risk financing:
(i) Hydrological services: Increased access to national and regional flood
management information systems
(ii) Climate Services: Increased access to climate analysis tools, and climate
forecast products and services
(iii) Severe Weather and Marine Services: Increased access to forecasting tools
and severe weather warning services
(iv) Observing Systems and data services: Increased regional dialogue and
agreements for exchange of meteorological, hydrological and climate data

Comprehensive Capacity Development DRR and
Adaptation Projects Underway
Partners: WMO, World Bank, UN-ISDR, UNDP, Regional Socio-economic
Groupings and regional DRR agencies, Regional Centers, WMO Regional
Association, NMHS, National DRM agencies and economic line ministries
Central America
and Caribbean
(2010- present )
Costa Rica and
Mexico and all
Caribbean
Islands
South East
Europe (2007-
present)
8 countries
Haiti
South East
Asia (2010
– present)
6 countries
Since
2010 with
Members
& UN

Status of the National/Regional projects
with integrated service delivery framework
Region
Beneficiary
countries
Regional
partners and
centers
International
partners
Project status
South East Europe
Eight (8) IPA beneficiaries:
Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina,
Croatia, FYR Macedonia,
Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo (as
defined by UNSCR 1244/99),
Turkey
DPPI, RCC,
EUMETNET,
EUMETSAT,
ECMWF, Sava River
commission, Climate
center (Serbia),
Regional Drought
Center (Slovenia)
World Bank
UNDP
UNISDR
European
Commission
Assessment completed
(SEEDRMAP, 2008)
EC funded Phase I project
finalised
EC funded Phase 2 project
initiated
South East Asia
Lao PDR, Cambodia, Thailand,
Vietnam, Indonesia, and the
Philippines
ASEAN (ADMEER),
Mekong River
Commission, RCC
Tokyo, RCC China,
RSMC
World Bank
UNISDR
UNDP
Assessment completed with
World Bank and UNISDR
Project proposal submitted to
donors
Caribbean
All caribbean island countries
and territories
CDEMA, CMO,
CIMH, RSMC-
Hurricane Center
UNDP
World Bank
Assessment completed
project proposal development
initiated
Costa Rica –
national / Local
World Bank Initiated in Feb 2012

Thank You
For more information please
contact:
Maryam Golnaraghi, Ph.D.
Chief
Disaster Risk Reduction Programme
World Meteorological Organization
Tel. +41.22.730.8006
Email. MGolnaraghi@wmo.int

• Government interest and engagement
• Multi-stakeholder and Multi-sectoral engagement and strategic alliances
(National, regional, global)
– Partners and donors engagement from early stage
• Leverage exiting projects and their outcomes
• User-driven assessment of gaps, needs, prioritization and requirements
• National / regional development component
– National: DRR policies, institutional roles, partnerships, capacity development
– Regional: Strengthening of Regional Specialised Meteorological Centers (RSMC)
and regional Climate Centers (RCC)
• Integrated Service Delivery for development of meteorological, hydrological
and climate services
– National: strengthening of NMHS and technical cooperation
– Regional: engagement and strengthening of RSMCc and RCCs
• Sustainability
Criteria for DRR National / Regional
projects

Overall Expected Outcomes
1. Increased coordination and cooperation at
national and regional levels for provision
of meteorological, hydrological, and
climate information to the targeted socioeconomic
sectors
2. Increased utilization of meteorological,
hydrological, and climate knowledge in
the decision-making processes of
governments and targeted socio-economic
sectors

1. Political recognition of the benefits of EWS
along with effective planning, legislation and
budgeting
Cuba: A wide legal basis
regulating the functioning of
Tropical Cyclone EWS
• Law No. 75 of National Defense
• Guideline No. 1 of the Vice President
of the National Defense Council
• Law No. 81 / 97 on the Environment
• Resolution 106 /99 of the Ministry of
Science, Technology and Environment
• Ordinance Law No. 279 of 2007 "On
General Principles, Organization,
Preparation and Provisions for
Exceptional Situations”
China, the government pays
great attention to MHEWS
through multi-agency
cooperation
“ It is important to perfect through multi-agency
participation, a disaster prevention
mechanism which covers multi-hazard early
warnings, multi-agency coordination and
cooperation, as well as regional joint
defense.”
Chinese President Hu Jintao, 27 June, 2008
USA, emergency planning and
preparedness is established by the
President as a national security priority
• Stafford Act Support to States: actions Federal agencies are likely to take to assist state,
tribal, and local governments affected by major disaster
•The U.S. National Response Framework (NRF), maintained by the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) provides the guiding principles that enable all response
partners to deliver a unified national response to disasters

2. Effective EWS are built upon four components (1)
French Vigilance system
• Hazard data and forecasts
• Collaboration between Meteo-France
Hydrological Service, Health
Service…
• Communication and
dissemination mechanisms
• Météo France disseminates the same
Vigilance map to the authorities and
the general public
• Back-up website
Heat-Health
• Risk Information
• Vigilance map includes
risk information
• Warning message have
been prepared by
Meteo-France and Civil
Security
• Preparedness and early response
• Warnings activate cascades of
preparedness and response plans, and
actions by various responsible bodies
– Disaster contingency plans at county levels
– Community safeguard plans at the town
level
• Information exchange during events

2. Effective EWS are built upon four components (2)
Cuba Tropical Cyclone Early Warning System
• Hazard data and forecasts
• Investments in Cuban Meteorological
Service: high skilled personnel and
equipments
• 8 Meteorological Radars covers the
entire Country
• Early Warnings incorporated within
the forecast process
• Communication and
dissemination mechanisms
• Radio and television: 98
% of the Cuban territory
is covered by mass media
• Risk Information
• Databases of risk for are properly
stored at the risk management
centers of each municipality
• Plans are updated every year
based on risk estimation
• Preparedness and early
response
• Strong partnership between NMHS
and Civil Defense
• DRR Plans in Cuba are drafted at all
levels (state, provincial, local, school,
factories…)

3. Roles and responsibilities of all EWS
stakeholders and their collaboration mechanisms
clearly defined and documented
France: Roles and responsibilities in
DRM
•USA: NRF provides the guiding
principles for response partners
to prepare for and deliver a
unified response to disasters and
emergency
• Bangladesh: Clear standing orders on disasters guide and give the ability to
monitor disaster management ability in

4. Capacities aligned with resources across
national to local levels (sustainability)
• Japan: the average annual national budget for disaster
management was 4.5 trillion yen, accounting for 5 % of the
total national budget. Following each severe disaster,
budgetary allocations for disaster restoration and
prevention are also utilized to improve the EWS.
• USA: funding mechanisms for the all-hazard EWS are
driven by Congress, providing federal agencies with their
operating budget.

5. Hazard, exposure and vulnerability information
are used to carry-out risk assessments at different
levels
Cuba: the Environment Agency
is responsible to organize,
lead and conduct disaster risk
studies.
Shanghai
Flood risk maps of Shanghai and City Centre
The Safety Administration:
distribution of information
related to dangerous chemical
sources
The Real Estate Department:
Data on buildings and houses
which are vulnerable to disasters.
Shanghai Meteorological
Bureau: A risk identification
project for weather disasters

6. Clear, consistent and actionable hazard
warnings, with risk information and issued from
a single recognized authoritative source
Shanghai: Meteorological
warnings issued by the
Shanghai Meteorological
Bureau
Information on the
meteorological hazard
USA,
Ready-Set-Go
concept
for watches &
warnings
French Vigilance System
General advice for
each colour-code
Safety guidelines
including risk information
Colour-codes providing
threat levels

7. Warning dissemination mechanisms are able to reach
the EWS stakeholders and public in a timely and
reliable fashion
BANGLADESH: The network
of 42, 000 volunteers of the
Red Crescent is essential
CUBA: Important role of the media
3 月 14 日 10
时 09 分 : 上
海 心 气 象 台
发 布 大 风 黄
色 预 警 信 号 。
SHANGHAI: New technologies are developed

8. Emergency response plans targeted to the
individual needs of the vulnerable communities,
authorities and emergency responders
• Japan, the disaster prevention guidebooks are written in
different languages for tourists and foreigners
• USA Emergency plans include vulnerable populations
(economic, medical, physical limitations, age and
handicap, non-English speaking…)
• Cuba, emergency plans are elaborated at all levels of the
society and updated every year
• France, specific emergency plans exist for all sites
hosting vulnerable population:
– Blue Plans for old people’s homes, Customised Safety Plans for
schools, White plans for hospitals…

9. Regular training and education programmes in
risk awareness and emergency response actions
B
A
N
G
L
A
D
E
S
H
• Japan, disaster education is taught in
various school curricula in schools
• France: Annual Meteo-France survey
revealed 86 % of French people know
Vigilance map
Examples of Community training and outreach
S
H
A
N
G
H
A
I
C
U
B
A
Japan: JMA
Brochure on
Tornado Watch

10. Effective feedback mechanisms throughout
levels of the EWS for system improvement over
time
• France: French Vigilance System is under continuous
assessment and improvement with:
– Quarterly meetings with the main partners
– Annual assessment document
• Japan, customer satisfaction surveys are carried out every
year to:
– (i) understand the used needs, (ii) explore future directions of service
improvement and (iii) measure the outcome of service improvement
• USA, verification statistics are calculated after each event
– Probability of detection (POD), False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Critical
Success Index (CSI)
– Post event reviews are performed when the statistics are not satisfactory
• Germany, DWD arranges regular meetings with different
disaster management authorities

South East Europe

Regional DRR and Adaptation Programme
Cooperation with World Bank/UNDP/ISDR/WMO
Example: South East Europe (8 countries)
• Three interlinked Development
Components:
– Risk Management governance and
Institutional Capacities (UNDP/ISDR)
– Hydro meteorological services (WMO and
World Bank)
– Insurance and financial risk transfer
(World bank)
• First year
– Detailed multi-agency national capacities
and needs assessments (funded by World
Bank)
– Regional cooperation framework
– Donor and partners identification
– Integration of relevant WMO Programmes
• Year two-onwards – Capacity Development
– Phased project management cycle
• National Assessments completed
and published in 2008
• Regional Cooperation Framework
developed, published in 2008
• EC DG Enlargement as the
primary donor identified
• First 2-year project proposal
developed with UNDP)
• Project funded and initiated in
July 2009
• This phase of the project will be
completed by Q1 2011

Regional Programme on DRR in SE
Europe
• 2007 – South East Europe Disaster Risk Mitigation and Adaptation
Programme (SEEDRMAP) assessment (SEEDRMAP is a collaborative initiative
developed by the World Bank and the secretariat of the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (UN/ISDR), together with the European Commission, the Council of Europe, the Council of
Europe Development Bank, the World Meteorological Organization and other partners)
• 2008 – proposal to EC DG Enlargement for an IPA multibeneficiary
action
• 2009 – IPA/2009/199-922 Action approved. Two Components:
‣ Activity 1: Building Capacity in Disaster Risk Reduction through
Regional Cooperation and Collaboration in South East Europe (UNDP)
‣ Activity 2: Regional Cooperation in South Eastern Europe for
meteorological, hydrological and climate data management and
exchange to support Disaster Risk Reduction (WMO)

WMO
South Eastern Europe Disaster Risk
Mitigation and Adaptation Programme
(SEEDRMAP) (Initiated in 2007)
• Three Components:
– Risk Management Planning and Capacities
– Strengthening of the National Hydrometeorological
Services
– Catastrophe Insurance facility and financial
risk transfer
• 11 beneficiaries: Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,
FYR Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Kosovo (as
defined by UNSCR 1244/99), Slovenia, Turkey
Phase I: Assessments completed
(in 2008)
• Detailed national assessment reports
• Funded by World Bank - GFDRR

WMO
South Eastern Europe Disaster Risk
Mitigation and Adaptation Programme
(SEEDRMAP) (Initiated in 2007)
• Major Outcomes of SEEDRMAP to date:
– Establishment of insurance and financial
risk transfer markets
– World Bank National Institutional Capacity
development
• Croatia : 14 millions US $
• Albania : 10 millions US$
• Moldova: 4 millions US$
Modernization
of the Hydro
Met Services

Follow up Phase I: Regional Programme
in Disaster Risk Reduction in South
Eastern Europe
(Funded by EC DG Enlargement)
• WMO Component: Regional Cooperation in South East Europe for
meteorological, hydrological and climate data management and information
exchange to support Disaster Risk Reduction
• UNDP Component: Building Capacity in Disaster Risk Reduction through
Regional Cooperation and Collaboration in South East Europe
• Eight (8) IPA beneficiaries: Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, FYR
Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Kosovo (as defined by UNSCR 1244/99), Turkey

Regional Programme in Disaster Risk
Reduction in South Eastern Europe
MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS
• Raising role of NMHSs, significantly improving communication and
mutual understanding between DRM agencies and NMHS through
National Policy Dialogues
• Development of political and technical recommendations
National Policy
Dialogues
Albania
July
14-15
Bosnia &
Herzegovina
June
21-22
Croatia Macedonia Montenegro Serbia Turkey
June
7-8
November
15
November 24-
25
October
25-26
October
11-12
• Flood and drought risk assessment capacities assessment
• Integration to European Meteorological Infrastructure
• Strengthening of NMHSs technical capacities
• Sustaining Climate Outlook Forum
• Regional cooperation on meteorology, hydrology and climate to support
DRR

South East Asia

Integrated programming and planning
5 years