Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology

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own alga Dictyopteris membranacea (Stackhouse) Batters, collected from the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt during February – March, and May – June, respectively, in two successive years, were isolated and their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of their UV, IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR and mass spectral data. Diisooctyl phthalate and cholesterol were isolated from both algae. In addition, 24 norcholest-5-en-3,7 dione, cholesterol, stigmasterol, linoleic acid and isodomoic acid were isolated from P. capillacea. On the other hand, three diterpenes (18,19-epoxyxenic-4-one-6, 9,13-triene, dictyolactone and 4-acetoxycrenulide) as well as fucosterol were isolated from D. membranacea. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different extracts of both algae were evaluated. Jagathala Mahalingam Sasikumar, S. K. Asha, Ramakrishnan Shamna, Vellingiri Maheshu, Deivamarudhachalam Teepica Priya Darsini (India) Effects of Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb.) Schott. Methanolic Extract on Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatic Injury in Albino Rats (pp 49-51) ABSTRACT Short Communication: In the present investigation, we have evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the methanolic extract of the stem of Rhaphidophora pertusa against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Liver marker enzymes such as serum glutamate oxalo transferase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transferase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (SALP), and total bilirubin (TB), urea and total protein were analyzed. Acetaminophen intoxication (500 mg/kg, p. o.) for 7 days caused significant increase in the levels of bilirubin, liver enzymes, and total protein level (P < 0.05). Administration of the methanolic extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) of R. pertusa stems resulted in a significant reversal of acetaminophen-induced alterations of all liver function parameters (P < 0.05) as evidenced by a decrease in enzyme activities, SGPT, SGOT, SALP and serum bilirubin. The results of the study authenticated the traditional medicinal claim of R. pertusa. Ahmed S. Aska, Yahaya N. Pindiga, Fanna I. Abdulrahman (Nigeria), Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva (Japan), Lawan B. Buratai (Nigeria) Anti-Diarrheal Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Holarrhena floribunda (G. Don) Schinz and Dur in Rats (pp 52-54) ABSTRACT Short Communication: The leaves of Holarrhena floribunda were subjected to Soxhlet extraction with distilled water and concentrated in vacuo. The aqueous extract concentrate gave a yield of 10.96% (w/w) and was used to investigate anti-diarrheal activity. Studies were carried out on castor oil-induced diarrhea, intestinal secretion and small intestine charcoal meal transit in rats. The extract at 400–1000 mg/kg caused a marked inhibition of diarrhea and accumulation of intestinal fluid following the administration of castor oil. A similar dose of the aqueous extract significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the charcoal meal transit in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest a potential usefulness of the leaf extract of H. floribunda in the control of secretory diarrhea associated with microbial pathogens like enteritis and enterocalitis. Saba Yavari, Reza Omidbaigi, Mohammad Esmaeil Hassani (Iran), Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva (Japan), Mohammad Fathi Ghareh Baba (Iran) Comparison of Four Different Treatment Methods with Colchicine to Induce Chromosome Doubling in Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L. ‘SZK-1’) (pp 55-58) ABSTRACT Research Note: In this investigation four different methods using aqueous solutions of colchicine were used to treat seed, roots and apical meristem in two stages – emergence of seed leaves (cotyledons) and the emergence of two true leaves – of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) to artificially induce autotetraploidy. Treatment of seedling apical meristems by applying the dropping method at the two-true-leaf stage of emergence was best as many of the treated plants developed and a diversity of characteristics was also observed in treated plants. Colchicine at 0.1% (w/v) most effectively produced autotetraploids, which were identified by flow cytometry. Neamat Sayyadnia Tayyebi, Sasan Mohsenzadeh (Iran), Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva (Japan), Mohammad J. Saharkhiz, Ali A. Amiri (Iran) Measurement of Lapachol in Iranian Tecomella undulata (Roxb.) Seem (pp 59-61) ABSTRACT Research Note: Some species of Tecoma and Tabebuia (Bignoniaceae family) have been reported to contain lapachol and are used in traditional medicine. Tecomella undulata (Roxb.) Seem. is the only native species of the family in arid and semi-arid
parts of the south of Iran. In this research, we extracted lapachol from T. undulata stem dried inner bark collected from near Firoozabad city in the Fars province of Iran using three extraction methods: 1) Soxhlet with direct and indirect heat for 4 hrs; 2) hot plate at 50°C for 4, 6, 8, and 10 hrs; 3) waterbath at 50°C for 25, 50, 75 and 100 hrs. The solvent in all methods was ethanol. Lapachol was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The most effective extraction method was the use of a waterbath for 75 hrs, yielding 3.4% (w/w) lapachol. T. undulata could be a candidate for traditional medicinal use. Harpreet Walia, Rajbir Singh, Saroj Arora (India) Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract/Fractions of Terminalia chebula (pp 62-65) ABSTRACT Research Note: In the present study, the Ames Salmonella histidine reversion assay was used to assess the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract/fractions of fruits of Terminalia chebula using hydroxyl radical sensitive, TA 102 strain of Salmonella typhimurium against hydrogen peroxide which is a directly acting oxidant. The production of reactive oxygen species by hydrogen peroxide leads to the induction of mutagenicity via oxidants. The ethyl acetate extract was prepared by the maceration method and further partitioned with ethyl acetate and water to get respective fractions. Both fractions were more effective than the crude ethyl acetate extract, which exhibited moderate inhibition of 57.98 and 55.92% during pre and co-incubation, respectively at the maximum tested dose of 2.5 × 10 3 µg/0.1 ml/plate. The water fraction also showed moderate inhibition at the same concentration i.e. 51.82 and 49.80% during pre and co-incubation, respectively while the crude ethyl acetate extract showed weak inhibition in general. Both, ethyl acetate and water fractions were rich in polyphenolics and were more effective than the crude extract with less phenolic. Doha H. Abou Baker, Souad E. El Gengaihi, Ahmed M. Aboul Enein, Faten M. Abou-El Ella (Egypt) Biochemical Study of Some Active Ingredients in Helianthus tuberosus L. (pp 66-68) ABSTRACT Research Note: Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) yields a high level of carbohydrates and low calorie bulking agent. Total sesquiterpenes were extracted from leaves and one major compound, heliangine, was isolated and identified by different spectral tools. Inulin was prepared from the tubers. Cytotoxic investigations of different substances were performed on four cell lines: Total sesquiterpenes were potent followed by heliangine; inulin did not exhibit this effect. Mohammed Aman, Ravishankar Rai V., Pradeepa V. Samaga (India) Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Boswellia serrata Roxb., Rhus mysorensis Heyne, Strychnos potatorum Linn. F. and Schefflera stellata Gaertn. (pp 69-72) ABSTRACT Research Note: Boswellia serrata (Roxb.), Rhus mysorensis (Heyne), Strychnos potatorum (Linn.F.) and Schefflera stellata plants were collected from different localities of Mysore. Antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of the plant parts was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum, Bacillus cereus and Micrococcus sp. by paper disc diffusion assay. The methanolic extract of the plants were qualitatively screened for phytochemicals using standard procedures which revealed the presence of various important bioactive chemical entities. The methanolic extracts of leaves and fruits of Rhus mysorensis, leaves and flowers of Boswellia serrata and leaves of Schefflera stellata have exhibited significant broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Further work is being carried out to isolate and identify the active constituents of the plants responsible for antimicrobial activity. Sarah Onyenibe Nwozo, Ibironke Adetolu Ajayi, Margaret Obadare (Nigeria) Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of 10 Medicinal Seeds from Nigeria (pp 73-75) ABSTRACT Research Note: The phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of 10 medicinal seeds (Albizzia lebbeck, Strychnos spinosa, Myristica fragrans, Monodora myristica, Aframomum melegueta, Croton penduliflorus, Blighia sapida, Antiaris africana, Thevetia nerifolia and Terminalia catappa) from Nigeria was carried out. The study revealed the presence of some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannin, saponin, flavonins, anthraquinones, phenols, phlobatannins, chalcones, steroids, terpenes, cardenolides and glycosides. These metabolites are present in the seeds at different concentrations ranging from
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Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS Arnab Bhattacharya, Animes
Page 5: months, without any subculture and

Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science and Biotechnology

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